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題名 暴力犯罪對就業決策之影響：以墨西哥毒品戰爭為例
The Effects of Violent Crime on Labor Decisions: Evidence From The Mexican Drug War
作者 林蘿拉
Montes Garcia, Laura
貢獻者 黃柏鈞
Huang, Po-Chun
林蘿拉
Montes Garcia, Laura
關鍵詞 勞動經濟學
Labor Economics
Labor Decisions
Violence
Violent Crime
Mexican Drug War
日期 2021
上傳時間 2-Mar-2021 15:01:48 (UTC+8)
摘要 本篇論文中，我研究墨西哥毒品戰爭期間暴力犯罪率增加，對男女就業決策之影響。
我選擇使用MxFLS縱向調查，因為它與墨西哥毒品戰爭同時發生，並使用MxFLS資料以及單個固定效果模型。同時，我也兼顧個人和州際變數下，暴力就業決策的相關內生特性、時不變特性，以及未觀察到的特性。由實驗結果得知，暴力犯罪對就業決策的結果具影響甚重，但是，這種影響對於不同的人也有是不同的影響程度。暴力犯罪的增加並不會影響男性的就業決策；然而對於婦女而言，暴力減少了她們的工作可能性，並減少了她們工作的星期數和小時數。
This study examines the impact of an unexpected surge in violent crime on the labor behavior of women and men in the context of the Mexican drug war. I exploit the longitudinal nature of the MxFLS survey and its precise timing encircling the implementation of the Mexican drug war. By using the MxFLS information combined with an individual fixed-effects strategy, I consider potentially endogenous, time-invariant, unobserved characteristics of states and individuals that may be correlated with violence exposure and labor decisions. The results suggest that violent crime does have a powerful impact on the labor market outcomes, though this effect is different for distinct groups of the population. Although findings suggest that increases in violent crime do not change men`s labor decisions, for women, the Mexican drug war-related violence significantly decreases their probability of joining the labor market and reduces the number of weeks and hours they choose to work.
參考文獻 Alvarez, J. and Ruane, C. (2019). Informality and aggregate productivity: The case of Mexico. IMF Working Paper No. 257.
Barron, M. A. (2020). The rural labor gap in Mexico: An invisible crack of unemploy- ment. Economia UNAM, 50(9), 182–202.
Basu, S. and Pearlman, S. (2018). Violence and labor market activity: Evidence from Mexico’s drug war. Unpublished.
Becker, G. S. and Rubinstein, Y. (2011). Fear and the response to terrorism: An eco- nomic analysis. CEP Discussion Paper No. 1079.
Benyishay, A. and Pearlman, S. (2013). Homicide and work: The impact of Mexico’s drug war on labor market participation. SSRN Electronic Journal.
Bonnet, F., Vanek, J., and Chen, M. (2019). Women and men in the Informal economy: A statistical brief. Manchester: WIEGO.
Bozzoli, C., Tilman B., and Nina W. (2013). Self-employment and conflict in Colombia. Journal of Conflict Resolution 57(1), 117-142.
Brown, R. and Vela ́squez, A. (2017). The effect of violent crime on the human capital accumulation of young adults. Journal of Development Economics 127(7), 1-12.
Caldero ́n, G., Robles, G., Diaz-Cayeros, A., and Magaloni, B. (2015). The beheading of criminal organizations and the dynamics of violence in Mexico. Journal of Conflict Resolution 59(8), 1455–1485.
Collier, P. and Duponchel M. (2013). The economic legacy of civil war: firm-level evidence from Sierra Leone. Journal of Conflict Resolution 57(1), 65-88.
Cunningham, W. (2001). Breadwinner or caregiver? How household role affects labor choices in Mexico. The World Bank.
Dell, M. (2015). Trafficking Networks and the Mexican Drug War. American Economic Review 105(6), 1738–1779.
Douglas, J. E., Burgess A. W., Burgess, A. G., and Ressler R. K. (2013). Crime classifi- cation manual: A standard system for investigating and classifying violent crime. John Wiley & Sons.
Fernandez, M., Ibanez, A. M., and Pen ̃a, X. (2014). Adjusting the labor supply to mitigate violent shocks: evidence from rural Colombia. Journal of Development Studies 50(8), 1135–1155.
Guerrero-Gutierrez, E. (2011). Security, drugs, and violence in Mexico: A survey. 7th North American Forum, Washington D.C.
Hamermesh, D. (1999). The Timing of Work Over Time. The Economic Journal 452(1), 37–66.
Henry, C. and Fraga, F. (2019). Gender inequality and old-age income security the case of Mexico. ILO Working Papers.
INEGI, INMUJERES (2015). Mujeres y hombres en Mexico. INEGI.
International Labour Organization (ILO) (2003). Guidelines concerning a statistical definition of informal employment. ILO, Geneva.
International Labour Organization (ILO) (2015). Youth and informality promoting formal employment among youth: Innovative experiences in Latin America and the Caribbean. ILO, Geneva.
International Labour Organization (ILO) (2020). Global employment trends for youth 2020: Technology and the future of jobs. ILO Geneva.
Lamnek, S. (1991). Fear of victimization, attitudes to the police and mass media re- porting. In Victims and criminal justice, ed. Kaiser, G., Kury, H., and Albrecht, H. J., 637–653.
OECD (2019). Higher education in Mexico: Labour market relevance and outcomes. OECD Publishing, Paris.
OECD (2019). OECD Economic Surveys: Mexico. OECD Publishing, Paris.
OECD (2020). Employment outlook 2020: Worker security and the COVID-19 crisis. OECD Publishing, Paris.
Romero, J. and Ortiz, A. (2019). La economia informal en el contexto de la politica economica de la administracioon penista. Boletin Momento Economico 58(7), 32–45.
Salem, G. and Lewis, D. (2016). Fear of crime: Incivility and the production of a social problem. Transaction Publishers.
Secretaria del Trabajo y Prevision Social (STPS) (2020). Encuesta nacional de ocupa- cion y empleo: ENOE. INEGI.
Shemyakina, O. (2011). The effect of armed conflict on accumulation of schooling: Results from Tajikistan. Journal of Development Economics 95(2), 186–200.
Shrader, E. (1999). Methodologies to measure the gender dimensions of crime and violence. The World Bank.
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) (2020). World social report 2020: Inequality in a rapidly changing world. UN, Geneva.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) (2006). Coca cultivation in the Andean region: Survey of Bolivia, Colombia and Peru. UNODC, New York.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) (2010). World drug report. UN- ODC, New York.
Van Gameren, E. (2008). Labor force participation of Mexican elderly: The importance of health. Estudios Economicos 23(1), 89–127.
Velásquez, A. (2020). The economic burden of crime: Evidence from Mexico. Journal of Human Resources 55(4), 1287–1318.
Weinrath, M. and Gartrell, J. (1996). Victimization and fear of crime. Violence and Victims 11(3), 187–197.
Women, U.N. (2019). Handbook: Addressing Violence and Harassment against Women in the World of Work. UN, Geneva.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
應用經濟與社會發展英語碩士學位學程(IMES)
107266015
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107266015
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 黃柏鈞zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Huang, Po-Chunen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 林蘿拉zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Montes Garcia, Lauraen_US
dc.creator (作者) 林蘿拉zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Montes Garcia, Lauraen_US
dc.date (日期) 2021en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-Mar-2021 15:01:48 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-Mar-2021 15:01:48 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Mar-2021 15:01:48 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0107266015en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/134226-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 應用經濟與社會發展英語碩士學位學程(IMES)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 107266015zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本篇論文中，我研究墨西哥毒品戰爭期間暴力犯罪率增加，對男女就業決策之影響。
我選擇使用MxFLS縱向調查，因為它與墨西哥毒品戰爭同時發生，並使用MxFLS資料以及單個固定效果模型。同時，我也兼顧個人和州際變數下，暴力就業決策的相關內生特性、時不變特性，以及未觀察到的特性。由實驗結果得知，暴力犯罪對就業決策的結果具影響甚重，但是，這種影響對於不同的人也有是不同的影響程度。暴力犯罪的增加並不會影響男性的就業決策；然而對於婦女而言，暴力減少了她們的工作可能性，並減少了她們工作的星期數和小時數。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This study examines the impact of an unexpected surge in violent crime on the labor behavior of women and men in the context of the Mexican drug war. I exploit the longitudinal nature of the MxFLS survey and its precise timing encircling the implementation of the Mexican drug war. By using the MxFLS information combined with an individual fixed-effects strategy, I consider potentially endogenous, time-invariant, unobserved characteristics of states and individuals that may be correlated with violence exposure and labor decisions. The results suggest that violent crime does have a powerful impact on the labor market outcomes, though this effect is different for distinct groups of the population. Although findings suggest that increases in violent crime do not change men`s labor decisions, for women, the Mexican drug war-related violence significantly decreases their probability of joining the labor market and reduces the number of weeks and hours they choose to work.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 1 Introduction 1
2 Literature Review 4
2.1 Violent Crime and the Mexican Labor Market 4
2.2 Violent Crime and the Labor Market in Other Countries 6
3 Background 7
3.1 Mexico’s Violence Frame 7
3.2 Labor Market Structure 8
4 Data and Sample 9
4.1 Measuring Violence 10
4.2 The Mexican Family Life Survey 11
4.3 Sample Selection 12
4.4 Descriptive Statistics 12
5 Empirical Strategy 13
6 Results 16
6.1 Main Results 16
6.2 Gender and Formality Status 17
6.3 Age Groups 19
6.4 Potential Mechanisms 20
6.5 Leading-values Test 21
7 Conclusion 22
8 Bibliography 24
9 Tables and Figures 27		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 897886 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107266015en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 勞動經濟學zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Labor Economicsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Labor Decisionsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Violenceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Violent Crimeen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Mexican Drug Waren_US
dc.title (題名) 暴力犯罪對就業決策之影響：以墨西哥毒品戰爭為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Effects of Violent Crime on Labor Decisions: Evidence From The Mexican Drug Waren_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Alvarez, J. and Ruane, C. (2019). Informality and aggregate productivity: The case of Mexico. IMF Working Paper No. 257.
Barron, M. A. (2020). The rural labor gap in Mexico: An invisible crack of unemploy- ment. Economia UNAM, 50(9), 182–202.
Basu, S. and Pearlman, S. (2018). Violence and labor market activity: Evidence from Mexico’s drug war. Unpublished.
Becker, G. S. and Rubinstein, Y. (2011). Fear and the response to terrorism: An eco- nomic analysis. CEP Discussion Paper No. 1079.
Benyishay, A. and Pearlman, S. (2013). Homicide and work: The impact of Mexico’s drug war on labor market participation. SSRN Electronic Journal.
Bonnet, F., Vanek, J., and Chen, M. (2019). Women and men in the Informal economy: A statistical brief. Manchester: WIEGO.
Bozzoli, C., Tilman B., and Nina W. (2013). Self-employment and conflict in Colombia. Journal of Conflict Resolution 57(1), 117-142.
Brown, R. and Vela ́squez, A. (2017). The effect of violent crime on the human capital accumulation of young adults. Journal of Development Economics 127(7), 1-12.
Caldero ́n, G., Robles, G., Diaz-Cayeros, A., and Magaloni, B. (2015). The beheading of criminal organizations and the dynamics of violence in Mexico. Journal of Conflict Resolution 59(8), 1455–1485.
Collier, P. and Duponchel M. (2013). The economic legacy of civil war: firm-level evidence from Sierra Leone. Journal of Conflict Resolution 57(1), 65-88.
Cunningham, W. (2001). Breadwinner or caregiver? How household role affects labor choices in Mexico. The World Bank.
Dell, M. (2015). Trafficking Networks and the Mexican Drug War. American Economic Review 105(6), 1738–1779.
Douglas, J. E., Burgess A. W., Burgess, A. G., and Ressler R. K. (2013). Crime classifi- cation manual: A standard system for investigating and classifying violent crime. John Wiley & Sons.
Fernandez, M., Ibanez, A. M., and Pen ̃a, X. (2014). Adjusting the labor supply to mitigate violent shocks: evidence from rural Colombia. Journal of Development Studies 50(8), 1135–1155.
Guerrero-Gutierrez, E. (2011). Security, drugs, and violence in Mexico: A survey. 7th North American Forum, Washington D.C.
Hamermesh, D. (1999). The Timing of Work Over Time. The Economic Journal 452(1), 37–66.
Henry, C. and Fraga, F. (2019). Gender inequality and old-age income security the case of Mexico. ILO Working Papers.
INEGI, INMUJERES (2015). Mujeres y hombres en Mexico. INEGI.
International Labour Organization (ILO) (2003). Guidelines concerning a statistical definition of informal employment. ILO, Geneva.
International Labour Organization (ILO) (2015). Youth and informality promoting formal employment among youth: Innovative experiences in Latin America and the Caribbean. ILO, Geneva.
International Labour Organization (ILO) (2020). Global employment trends for youth 2020: Technology and the future of jobs. ILO Geneva.
Lamnek, S. (1991). Fear of victimization, attitudes to the police and mass media re- porting. In Victims and criminal justice, ed. Kaiser, G., Kury, H., and Albrecht, H. J., 637–653.
OECD (2019). Higher education in Mexico: Labour market relevance and outcomes. OECD Publishing, Paris.
OECD (2019). OECD Economic Surveys: Mexico. OECD Publishing, Paris.
OECD (2020). Employment outlook 2020: Worker security and the COVID-19 crisis. OECD Publishing, Paris.
Romero, J. and Ortiz, A. (2019). La economia informal en el contexto de la politica economica de la administracioon penista. Boletin Momento Economico 58(7), 32–45.
Salem, G. and Lewis, D. (2016). Fear of crime: Incivility and the production of a social problem. Transaction Publishers.
Secretaria del Trabajo y Prevision Social (STPS) (2020). Encuesta nacional de ocupa- cion y empleo: ENOE. INEGI.
Shemyakina, O. (2011). The effect of armed conflict on accumulation of schooling: Results from Tajikistan. Journal of Development Economics 95(2), 186–200.
Shrader, E. (1999). Methodologies to measure the gender dimensions of crime and violence. The World Bank.
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) (2020). World social report 2020: Inequality in a rapidly changing world. UN, Geneva.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) (2006). Coca cultivation in the Andean region: Survey of Bolivia, Colombia and Peru. UNODC, New York.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) (2010). World drug report. UN- ODC, New York.
Van Gameren, E. (2008). Labor force participation of Mexican elderly: The importance of health. Estudios Economicos 23(1), 89–127.
Velásquez, A. (2020). The economic burden of crime: Evidence from Mexico. Journal of Human Resources 55(4), 1287–1318.
Weinrath, M. and Gartrell, J. (1996). Victimization and fear of crime. Violence and Victims 11(3), 187–197.
Women, U.N. (2019). Handbook: Addressing Violence and Harassment against Women in the World of Work. UN, Geneva.		zh_TW
dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202100271en_US