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題名 基於語料庫之近義詞與中介語分析—— 以「改變」、「轉變」、「轉換」為例
Syntactic and Semantic Analyses of gaibian, zhuanbian and zhuanhuan in Native Language and Interlanguage Corpora
作者 李美慧
Lee, Mei-Hui
貢獻者 賴惠玲
Lai, Huei-Ling
李美慧
Lee, Mei-Hui
關鍵詞 近義詞
改變
轉變
轉換
中介語
語料庫
Synonyms
Gaibian
Zhuanbian
Zhuanhuan
Interlanguage
Corpus
日期 2021
上傳時間 4-Aug-2021 15:35:36 (UTC+8)
摘要   近義詞教學需奠基於語言本體上的辨析。在本論文中,先歸納前人針對不同詞類的近義詞所採用的分析方式,之後針對目標詞「改變」、「轉變」與「轉換」透過國教院語料庫隨機各取1111筆語料,由字源探究、句法結構、共現名詞與副詞、語意角色、路徑概念與意象圖示多面向分析,並由中介語語料庫觀察學習者的表現。
  透過語料歸納發現,「改變」傾向使動用法,最高頻句式為「NP1+改變+NP2」,「轉變」傾向起動用法,最高頻句式為「NP2+轉變」,「轉換」上述兩句式比例接近,不過「AB轉換」結構為其獨有。在共現名詞與語意角色上,這三個動詞的NP1皆以有生命體居多,語意角色多為施事;NP2的語意角色以〈終點類〉之下的〈內容〉居首,〈主體類〉次之,三者皆可與抽象名詞搭配,另外「改變」以活動類名詞、具體有生命體,「轉變」以心理狀態類與有生命體,「轉換」以具體無生命體為相對高頻共現名詞。
在高頻共現副詞上,「改變」較常與態度副詞共現,「轉變」較常與時間副詞共現,與「轉換」共現的「互相」、「相互」則未見於另兩個動詞。路徑上,三者皆極少呈現完整路徑,僅呈現部分視窗,在意象圖示上,「改變」、「轉變」為單一範疇內部有所變化,「轉換」則有兩個以上不同範疇的預設,「改變」的主事者最常共現,「轉變」的外部力量最常隱現。
  在中介語表現上,學習者能夠主動使用這三個動詞,但是「改變」有詞類與用法上的系統性偏誤,也有語意搭配上的錯誤,建議教師可給予學習者這三個動詞的共現句式與由語料庫篩選而出的高頻搭配詞,補充若要與「結果」共現的必備語法成份,並適時採用意象圖示說明語意內涵,由認知角度減少共現名詞搭配錯誤。
A solid investigation and analysis into the linguistic ontologies is the basis of effective instruction of synonyms. In this dissertation, we have, first of all, reviewed the various methods adopted by researchers in conducting their analyses into synonyms across parts of speech. We then have selected randomly 1111 data for each of our target items, namely, gaibian, zhuanbian and zhuanhuan, from the corpus compiled by the National Academy for Educational Research. The said data have then been examined from the perspective of etymology, before we have drawn their respective syntactic structures, sorted out the nouns and adverbs which they most-commonly collocate with. We have also defined their semantic roles, mapped out their conceptual pathways as well as their image schemas. Learners’ performances have also been observed by looking into the interlanguage corpora.
Investigation into the corpora has found that gaibian is very often used in the sense of causative verbs, with “NP1 + gaibian + NP2” as its most commonly-used syntactic pattern. zhuanbian tends to be used in an inchoative sense, and appears most frequently in the structure “NP2 + zhuanbian”. While zhuanhuan has shown up in the two syntactic structures at nearly equal ratio, it has also been used in “AB zhuanhuan” structure, which is unique among the three target items. As to their collocated nouns and semantic roles, these three verbs are the same, in that their NP1 are mostly animate, and, in most cases, agents of the events. Nouns playing the “content” role, a sub-category under the semantic label “goal” rank at the top among the nouns occupying the NP2 spot in terms of frequency, while those playing the role “theme” follow. All of the three target items can collocate with abstract nouns. gaibian co-occurs very often with concrete, animate nouns as well as activities nouns. The nouns which co-occur with zhuanbian are mostly descriptions of mental states, and are animate, too. zhuanhuan, however, is a verb frequently associated with concrete, inanimate nouns.
As regard to their co-occurring adverbs, gaibian collocates mostly with attitudinal adverbs, while pairings between adverbs of time and zhuanbian are common. huxiang or xianghu, which are combined frequently with zhuanhuan, never collocate with gaibian or zhuanbian. And when it comes to their conceptual pathways, all of the three present partial windows; they seldom complete a pathway. Image schemas of the three verbs show that gaibian and zhuanbian are used to indicate changes within one single domain, while zhuanhuan presupposes the involvement of two or more than two domains. The agents of gaibian are explicit most of the time; the external forces of zhuanbian are normally implicit.
The examination of learners’ interlanguage corpus has indicated that learners are capable of active use of all the three verbs. However, systematic errors in parts of speech and semantic collocations have been found in learners’ data of gaibian. Pedagogical advices include: 1. teachers map out the relevant syntactic patterns and give a list of the frequently-co-occurred words based on the findings sorted out from corpus; 2. teachers enumerate the grammatical elements integral to the presentation of the “results” of the events; and, last but not the least, 3. whenever appropriate, teachers can illustrate the semantic contents of the verbs with image schemas. The application of cognitive approach to instruction help learners reduce errors in their choice of co-occurring nouns.
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描述 博士
國立政治大學
華語文教學碩博士學位學程
100160503
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0100160503
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 賴惠玲zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Lai, Huei-Lingen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 李美慧zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lee, Mei-Huien_US
dc.creator (作者) 李美慧zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Lee, Mei-Huien_US
dc.date (日期) 2021en_US
dc.date.accessioned 4-Aug-2021 15:35:36 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 4-Aug-2021 15:35:36 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 4-Aug-2021 15:35:36 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0100160503en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/136469-
dc.description (描述) 博士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 華語文教學碩博士學位學程zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 100160503zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要)   近義詞教學需奠基於語言本體上的辨析。在本論文中,先歸納前人針對不同詞類的近義詞所採用的分析方式,之後針對目標詞「改變」、「轉變」與「轉換」透過國教院語料庫隨機各取1111筆語料,由字源探究、句法結構、共現名詞與副詞、語意角色、路徑概念與意象圖示多面向分析,並由中介語語料庫觀察學習者的表現。
  透過語料歸納發現,「改變」傾向使動用法,最高頻句式為「NP1+改變+NP2」,「轉變」傾向起動用法,最高頻句式為「NP2+轉變」,「轉換」上述兩句式比例接近,不過「AB轉換」結構為其獨有。在共現名詞與語意角色上,這三個動詞的NP1皆以有生命體居多,語意角色多為施事;NP2的語意角色以〈終點類〉之下的〈內容〉居首,〈主體類〉次之,三者皆可與抽象名詞搭配,另外「改變」以活動類名詞、具體有生命體,「轉變」以心理狀態類與有生命體,「轉換」以具體無生命體為相對高頻共現名詞。
在高頻共現副詞上,「改變」較常與態度副詞共現,「轉變」較常與時間副詞共現,與「轉換」共現的「互相」、「相互」則未見於另兩個動詞。路徑上,三者皆極少呈現完整路徑,僅呈現部分視窗,在意象圖示上,「改變」、「轉變」為單一範疇內部有所變化,「轉換」則有兩個以上不同範疇的預設,「改變」的主事者最常共現,「轉變」的外部力量最常隱現。
  在中介語表現上,學習者能夠主動使用這三個動詞,但是「改變」有詞類與用法上的系統性偏誤,也有語意搭配上的錯誤,建議教師可給予學習者這三個動詞的共現句式與由語料庫篩選而出的高頻搭配詞,補充若要與「結果」共現的必備語法成份,並適時採用意象圖示說明語意內涵,由認知角度減少共現名詞搭配錯誤。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) A solid investigation and analysis into the linguistic ontologies is the basis of effective instruction of synonyms. In this dissertation, we have, first of all, reviewed the various methods adopted by researchers in conducting their analyses into synonyms across parts of speech. We then have selected randomly 1111 data for each of our target items, namely, gaibian, zhuanbian and zhuanhuan, from the corpus compiled by the National Academy for Educational Research. The said data have then been examined from the perspective of etymology, before we have drawn their respective syntactic structures, sorted out the nouns and adverbs which they most-commonly collocate with. We have also defined their semantic roles, mapped out their conceptual pathways as well as their image schemas. Learners’ performances have also been observed by looking into the interlanguage corpora.
Investigation into the corpora has found that gaibian is very often used in the sense of causative verbs, with “NP1 + gaibian + NP2” as its most commonly-used syntactic pattern. zhuanbian tends to be used in an inchoative sense, and appears most frequently in the structure “NP2 + zhuanbian”. While zhuanhuan has shown up in the two syntactic structures at nearly equal ratio, it has also been used in “AB zhuanhuan” structure, which is unique among the three target items. As to their collocated nouns and semantic roles, these three verbs are the same, in that their NP1 are mostly animate, and, in most cases, agents of the events. Nouns playing the “content” role, a sub-category under the semantic label “goal” rank at the top among the nouns occupying the NP2 spot in terms of frequency, while those playing the role “theme” follow. All of the three target items can collocate with abstract nouns. gaibian co-occurs very often with concrete, animate nouns as well as activities nouns. The nouns which co-occur with zhuanbian are mostly descriptions of mental states, and are animate, too. zhuanhuan, however, is a verb frequently associated with concrete, inanimate nouns.
As regard to their co-occurring adverbs, gaibian collocates mostly with attitudinal adverbs, while pairings between adverbs of time and zhuanbian are common. huxiang or xianghu, which are combined frequently with zhuanhuan, never collocate with gaibian or zhuanbian. And when it comes to their conceptual pathways, all of the three present partial windows; they seldom complete a pathway. Image schemas of the three verbs show that gaibian and zhuanbian are used to indicate changes within one single domain, while zhuanhuan presupposes the involvement of two or more than two domains. The agents of gaibian are explicit most of the time; the external forces of zhuanbian are normally implicit.
The examination of learners’ interlanguage corpus has indicated that learners are capable of active use of all the three verbs. However, systematic errors in parts of speech and semantic collocations have been found in learners’ data of gaibian. Pedagogical advices include: 1. teachers map out the relevant syntactic patterns and give a list of the frequently-co-occurred words based on the findings sorted out from corpus; 2. teachers enumerate the grammatical elements integral to the presentation of the “results” of the events; and, last but not the least, 3. whenever appropriate, teachers can illustrate the semantic contents of the verbs with image schemas. The application of cognitive approach to instruction help learners reduce errors in their choice of co-occurring nouns.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究動機 1
1.2研究目的 5
1.3研究問題 8
1.4預期學術價值與貢獻 8
1.5論文架構 9
第二章 文獻回顧 10
2.1漢語的詞法 10
2.1.1「詞」的定義與構詞方式 10
2.1.2動詞分類與語意內涵 11
2.1.3副詞分類 18
2.1.4漢語情態詞 19
2.1.5名詞分類 23
2.2近義詞相關研究 27
2.2.1近義詞研究法綜述 27
2.2.2不同詞類的近義詞辨析法:臺灣碩博士論文中的近義詞研究 30
2.3格語法/語意角色 41
2.3.1原型施事(Proto-Agent)與原型受事(Proto-Patient) 41
2.3.2格語法 43
2.3.3其他學者對語意角色的分類 44
2.3.4中研院詞庫小組之語意角色分類 50
2.4路徑概念(PATH) 62
2.5隱喻與轉喻(METAPHOR AND METONYMY) 69
2.5.1隱喻 70
2.5.2轉喻 71
2.5.2.1整體與部分之間的轉喻 71
2.5.2.2部分與部分之間的轉喻 73
2.6「把字句」與「被字句」語義 76
2.7小結 78
第三章 研究方法與進行步驟 80
3.1研究材料 80
3.1.1以語料庫為本 80
3.1.2語料收集 81
3.1.3抽樣和編碼 85
3.2分析步驟 88
3.3小結 95
第四章 「改變、轉變、轉換」分析結果 96
4.1「轉、變、改、換」的字源與字義 96
4.2句法與語意之相應 98
4.2.1「改變」之表層句法與語意角色 100
4.2.1.1「改變」之共現句法 100
4.2.1.2「改變」之共現名詞 115
4.2.1.3「改變」之共現語意角色 127
4.2.2「轉變」之表層句法與語意角色 138
4.2.2.1「轉變」之共現句法 138
4.2.2.2「轉變」之共現名詞 150
4.2.2.3「轉變」之共現語意角色 160
4.2.3「轉換」之表層句法與語意角色 167
4.2.3.1「轉換」之共現句法 167
4.2.3.2「轉換」之共現名詞 179
4.2.3.3「轉換」之共現語意角色 190
4.3由副詞看動詞之時貌、情態與量度 199
4.4路徑與意象圖示 217
4.4.1「改變」的路徑與意象圖示 221
4.4.2「轉變」的路徑與意象圖示 223
4.4.3「轉換」的路徑與意象圖示 225
4.5小結 228
第五章 「改變、轉變、轉換」中介語分析 235
5.1「改變」的中介語表現 236
5.1.1「改變」的正確表現 237
5.1.2「改變」的偏誤情況 244
5.2「轉變」的中介語表現 249
5.3「轉換」的中介語表現 251
5.4小結 252
第六章 結論 254
6.1研究結果摘述 254
6.2教學建議 255
6.3研究限制與未來方向 261
參考文獻 263
附錄1:臺灣碩博士論文研究的近義詞辨析詞類及主題 271
附錄2:不同詞類的近義詞辨析方法 275
附錄3:事件類型與原型語意角色關係 287
附錄4:與「改變」、「轉變」、「轉換」搭配的副詞頻率與LOG-LIKELIHOOD 293
zh_TW
dc.format.extent 13382494 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0100160503en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 近義詞zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 改變zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 轉變zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 轉換zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 中介語zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 語料庫zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Synonymsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Gaibianen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Zhuanbianen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Zhuanhuanen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Interlanguageen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Corpusen_US
dc.title (題名) 基於語料庫之近義詞與中介語分析—— 以「改變」、「轉變」、「轉換」為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Syntactic and Semantic Analyses of gaibian, zhuanbian and zhuanhuan in Native Language and Interlanguage Corporaen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
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dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202101047en_US