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題名 最低工資對所得提升與貧窮程度的影響—臺灣實證
The Effects of Minimum Wage on Income and Poverty: The Case of Taiwan作者 吳俐嫺
Wu, Li-Sian貢獻者 莊奕琦
Chuang, Yi-Chi
吳俐嫺
Wu, Li-Sian關鍵詞 最低工資
平均每人可支配所得
貧窮
Minimum wage
Average disposable income per capita
Poverty日期 2021 上傳時間 4-Aug-2021 15:59:15 (UTC+8) 摘要 我國自1956年起實施最低工資制度，中央制定最低工資主要為維持勞工基本生活水準，及改善貧窮的問題，故本研究探討最低工資是否真有助於提升所得收入與改善貧窮。採取1993年至2019年間之資料，以臺灣地區與六大直轄市為研究範圍。使用家庭平均每人可支配所得衡量所得水準，並依其所在地區規範低收入戶標準之最低生活費用標準，轉換為均等化資料用以衡量貧窮程度，並採用追蹤資料和分量迴歸模型作實證分析，探討最低工資對所得與貧窮所造成的影響。 臺灣地區和六都實證結果皆顯示，最低工資對所得收入無顯著影響。而在貧窮程度方面，最低工資的調漲並無法使人民擺脫貧困；但若以提高最低工資相對於最低生活費用的增加，將能有效地改善貧窮程度。
Taiwan has implemented a minimum wage policy since 1956. The central government sets a minimum wage mainly to maintain the basic living standards of workers and improve poverty. Therefore, my study explores whether the minimum wage can really help increase income and reduce poverty. The study uses the data pertaining to the Taiwan’s area and the six municipalities from 1993 to 2019. We use the average disposable income per capita in the household to measure the income level, and divide it by the minimum cost of living standard per person for low-income households in the region to apprehend the degree of poverty. The panel data and quantile regression models are used for empirical analysis to explore the impact of the minimum wage on income and poverty. The empirical results of the Taiwan’s area and the six municipalities show that the minimum wage has no significant effect on income. Neither can the increase in the minimum wage reduce poverty. However, if we increase the minimum wage relative to the minimum cost of living, it will effectively improve poverty.參考文獻 中央銀行，2018。「主要國家最低工資制度發展經驗及對我國之啟示」，央行理監事會後記者會參考資料，頁45－70。臺北：中央銀行。6月21日。中華民國統計資訊網，2019。『家庭收支調查報告』。臺北：行政院主計總處。檢自https://www.stat.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=27900&ctNode=511&mp=4。中華民國統計資訊網，2020。「一般生育率、老年人口比率（65歲以上）」。臺北：行政院主計總處。檢自https://statdb.dgbas.gov.tw/pxweb/Dialog/statfile9.asp。中華民國勞動部全球資訊網，2021。「基本工資之制訂與調整經過」。臺北：中華民國勞動部。檢自https://www.mol.gov.tw/topic/3067/5990/13171/19154/。王于漸，2012。「最低工資為何有損經濟？」。王于漸中港政經評論。香港：香港大學。王于漸，2012。「最低工資對家庭收入分佈有何影響」。王于漸中港政經評論。香港：香港大學。高雄市統計資料庫，2021。「高雄市消費者物價總指數銜接表」。高雄：高雄市政府主計處。檢自https://pxweb.kcg.gov.tw/pxweb2007p/dialog/。張紹勳，2016。『Panel-data迴歸模型：Stata在廣義時間序列的應用』。臺灣：五南。勞動統計查詢網，2020。『產業與社福移工人數』。臺北：中華民國勞動部。檢自https://statfy.mol.gov.tw/index12.aspx。勞動統計專網，2019。『勞動統計報告』。臺北：中華民國勞動部。檢自https://www.mol.gov.tw/statistics/2452/。黃麗璇，2016。「各主要國家最低（基本）工資調整機制之研究」。中華民國勞動部105年度委託研究計畫。105-MOL-050203。國立中央大學。臺北市統計資料庫，2021。「臺北市消費者物價總指數銜接表」。臺北：臺北市政府主計處。檢自https://dbas.gov.taipei/cp.aspx?n=5CDD42E04E65915E。衛生福利部統計處，2021。『社會公務統計報表』。臺北：中華民國衛生福利部。檢自https://dep.mohw.gov.tw/DOS/np-1714-113.html。韓仕賢，2018。「什麼是基本工資？」。107 年度勞動部高中職勞動權益補充教材。臺北：中華民國勞動部。Alatas, Vivi and Lisa Cameron, 2016. “The Impact of Minimum Wages on Employment in a Low Income Country: An Evaluation using the Difference-in-Differences Approach,” Policy Research Working Paper Series 2985. Washington, D.C：The World Bank.Autor, David H., Alan Manning, and Christopher L. Smith, 2016. “The Contribution of the Minimum Wage to US Wage Inequality over Three Decades: A Reassessment,” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 8(1)：58−99.Bosch, Mariano and Marco Manacorda, 2010. “Minimum Wages and Earnings Inequality in Urban Mexico,” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 2(4)：58−99.Breusch, T. S. and Adrian Pagan, 1980. "The Lagrange Multiplier Test and its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics," Review of Economic Studies. 47(1)：239−253.Brown, Charles, 1988. “Minimum Wage Laws: Are They Overrated?” Journal of Economic Perspectives. 2(3)：133−145.Card, David and Alan B. Krueger, 1994. “Minimum Wages and Employment: A Case Study of the Fast Food Industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania,” American Economic Review. 84(4)：772−793.Card, David and Alan B. Krueger, 2000. “Minimum Wages and Employment: A Case Study of the Fast-Food Industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania: Reply,” The American Economic Review. 90(5)：1397−1420.Carpio, Ximena V. Del and Laura M. Pabon, 2017. “Implications of Minimum Wage Increases on Labor Market Dynamics Lessons for Emerging Economies,” Policy Research Working Paper Series 8030. Washington, D.C：The World Bank.Cengiz, Doruk, Aeindrajit Dube, Attila Lindner, and Ben ZIipperer, 2019. “The Effect of Minimum Wages on Low-Wage Jobs,” The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 134(3)：1405−1454.Chow, Gregory C., 1960. "Tests of Equality Between Sets of Coefficients in Two Linear Regressions," Econometrica.28(3)：591−605.Dube, Arindrajit, 2019. “Minimum Wages and the Distribution of Family Incomes,” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 11(4)：268−304.Dube, Arindrajit, T. William Lester, and Michael Reich, 2010. “Minimum Wage Effects Across State Borders: Estimates Using Contiguous Counties,” The Review of Economics and Statistics. 92(4)：945−964.Gramlich, Edward M., 1976. “Impact of Minimum Wages on Other Wages, Employment, and Family Incomes,” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity. 7(2)：409−462.Hausman, Jerry, 1978. "Specification Tests in Econometrics," Econometrica. 46(6)：1251−1271.Jardim, Ekaterina, Mark C. Long, Robert Plotnick, Emma van Inwegen, Jacob Vigdor, and Hilary Wething, 2017. “Minimum Wage Increases, Wages, and Low-Wage Employment: Evidence from Seattle,” NBER Working Papers 23532. New York：National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.Klein, Daniel B. and Stewart Dompe, 2007. “Reasons for Supporting the Minimum Wage: Asking Signatories of the “Raise the Minimum Wage” Statement,” Econ Journal Watch. 4(1)：125−167.Koenker, Roger and Gilbert Bassett, 1978. “Regression Quantiles,” Econometrica. 46(1)：33−50.Neumark, David and William Wascher, 2000. “Minimum Wages and Employment: A Case Study of the Fast-Food Industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania: Comment,” The American Economic Review. 90(5)：1362−1396.Neumark, David, Mark Schweitzer, and William Wascher, 2005. “The Effects of Minimum Wages on the Distribution of Family Incomes: A Nonparametric Analysis,” The Journal of Human Resources. 40(4)：867−894.Schmitt, John, 2013. “Why Does the Minimum Wage Have No Discernible Effect on Employment?” CEPR Reports and Issue Briefs 2013-04. Washington, D.C.：Center for Economic and Policy Research.Student, 1908. “The Probable Error of a Mean,” Biometrika. 6(1)：1-25. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
經濟學系
108258025資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108258025 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 莊奕琦 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Chuang, Yi-Chi en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 吳俐嫺 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Wu, Li-Sian en_US dc.creator (作者) 吳俐嫺 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Wu, Li-Sian en_US dc.date (日期) 2021 en_US dc.date.accessioned 4-Aug-2021 15:59:15 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 4-Aug-2021 15:59:15 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 4-Aug-2021 15:59:15 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0108258025 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/136561 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 經濟學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 108258025 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 我國自1956年起實施最低工資制度，中央制定最低工資主要為維持勞工基本生活水準，及改善貧窮的問題，故本研究探討最低工資是否真有助於提升所得收入與改善貧窮。採取1993年至2019年間之資料，以臺灣地區與六大直轄市為研究範圍。使用家庭平均每人可支配所得衡量所得水準，並依其所在地區規範低收入戶標準之最低生活費用標準，轉換為均等化資料用以衡量貧窮程度，並採用追蹤資料和分量迴歸模型作實證分析，探討最低工資對所得與貧窮所造成的影響。 臺灣地區和六都實證結果皆顯示，最低工資對所得收入無顯著影響。而在貧窮程度方面，最低工資的調漲並無法使人民擺脫貧困；但若以提高最低工資相對於最低生活費用的增加，將能有效地改善貧窮程度。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Taiwan has implemented a minimum wage policy since 1956. The central government sets a minimum wage mainly to maintain the basic living standards of workers and improve poverty. Therefore, my study explores whether the minimum wage can really help increase income and reduce poverty. The study uses the data pertaining to the Taiwan’s area and the six municipalities from 1993 to 2019. We use the average disposable income per capita in the household to measure the income level, and divide it by the minimum cost of living standard per person for low-income households in the region to apprehend the degree of poverty. The panel data and quantile regression models are used for empirical analysis to explore the impact of the minimum wage on income and poverty. The empirical results of the Taiwan’s area and the six municipalities show that the minimum wage has no significant effect on income. Neither can the increase in the minimum wage reduce poverty. However, if we increase the minimum wage relative to the minimum cost of living, it will effectively improve poverty. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 摘 要 IAbstract II誌 謝 III第一章 研究動機與目的 1第二章 文獻回顧 6第一節 最低工資對就業之影響 7第二節 最低工資對家庭收入及所得之影響 9第三章 研究方法 12第一節 臺灣地區之實證模型 12第二節 六都之實證模型 14第四章 資料說明 19第一節 資料來源 19第二節 變數處理與說明 22第三節 樣本敘述統計 27第五章 實證結果分析 31第一節 最低工資對臺灣地區的影響效果 31第二節 最低工資對六都的影響效果 38第六章 結論與建議 61參考文獻 63附 錄 68附錄一 歷年各直轄市與縣（市）最低生活費用 68附錄二 家庭收支調查臺灣地區及六都之戶數與總人數 70 zh_TW dc.format.extent 1980955 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108258025 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 最低工資 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 平均每人可支配所得 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 貧窮 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Minimum wage en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Average disposable income per capita en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Poverty en_US dc.title (題名) 最低工資對所得提升與貧窮程度的影響—臺灣實證 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Effects of Minimum Wage on Income and Poverty: The Case of Taiwan en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中央銀行，2018。「主要國家最低工資制度發展經驗及對我國之啟示」，央行理監事會後記者會參考資料，頁45－70。臺北：中央銀行。6月21日。中華民國統計資訊網，2019。『家庭收支調查報告』。臺北：行政院主計總處。檢自https://www.stat.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=27900&ctNode=511&mp=4。中華民國統計資訊網，2020。「一般生育率、老年人口比率（65歲以上）」。臺北：行政院主計總處。檢自https://statdb.dgbas.gov.tw/pxweb/Dialog/statfile9.asp。中華民國勞動部全球資訊網，2021。「基本工資之制訂與調整經過」。臺北：中華民國勞動部。檢自https://www.mol.gov.tw/topic/3067/5990/13171/19154/。王于漸，2012。「最低工資為何有損經濟？」。王于漸中港政經評論。香港：香港大學。王于漸，2012。「最低工資對家庭收入分佈有何影響」。王于漸中港政經評論。香港：香港大學。高雄市統計資料庫，2021。「高雄市消費者物價總指數銜接表」。高雄：高雄市政府主計處。檢自https://pxweb.kcg.gov.tw/pxweb2007p/dialog/。張紹勳，2016。『Panel-data迴歸模型：Stata在廣義時間序列的應用』。臺灣：五南。勞動統計查詢網，2020。『產業與社福移工人數』。臺北：中華民國勞動部。檢自https://statfy.mol.gov.tw/index12.aspx。勞動統計專網，2019。『勞動統計報告』。臺北：中華民國勞動部。檢自https://www.mol.gov.tw/statistics/2452/。黃麗璇，2016。「各主要國家最低（基本）工資調整機制之研究」。中華民國勞動部105年度委託研究計畫。105-MOL-050203。國立中央大學。臺北市統計資料庫，2021。「臺北市消費者物價總指數銜接表」。臺北：臺北市政府主計處。檢自https://dbas.gov.taipei/cp.aspx?n=5CDD42E04E65915E。衛生福利部統計處，2021。『社會公務統計報表』。臺北：中華民國衛生福利部。檢自https://dep.mohw.gov.tw/DOS/np-1714-113.html。韓仕賢，2018。「什麼是基本工資？」。107 年度勞動部高中職勞動權益補充教材。臺北：中華民國勞動部。Alatas, Vivi and Lisa Cameron, 2016. “The Impact of Minimum Wages on Employment in a Low Income Country: An Evaluation using the Difference-in-Differences Approach,” Policy Research Working Paper Series 2985. Washington, D.C：The World Bank.Autor, David H., Alan Manning, and Christopher L. Smith, 2016. “The Contribution of the Minimum Wage to US Wage Inequality over Three Decades: A Reassessment,” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 8(1)：58−99.Bosch, Mariano and Marco Manacorda, 2010. “Minimum Wages and Earnings Inequality in Urban Mexico,” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 2(4)：58−99.Breusch, T. S. and Adrian Pagan, 1980. "The Lagrange Multiplier Test and its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics," Review of Economic Studies. 47(1)：239−253.Brown, Charles, 1988. “Minimum Wage Laws: Are They Overrated?” Journal of Economic Perspectives. 2(3)：133−145.Card, David and Alan B. Krueger, 1994. “Minimum Wages and Employment: A Case Study of the Fast Food Industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania,” American Economic Review. 84(4)：772−793.Card, David and Alan B. Krueger, 2000. “Minimum Wages and Employment: A Case Study of the Fast-Food Industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania: Reply,” The American Economic Review. 90(5)：1397−1420.Carpio, Ximena V. Del and Laura M. Pabon, 2017. “Implications of Minimum Wage Increases on Labor Market Dynamics Lessons for Emerging Economies,” Policy Research Working Paper Series 8030. Washington, D.C：The World Bank.Cengiz, Doruk, Aeindrajit Dube, Attila Lindner, and Ben ZIipperer, 2019. “The Effect of Minimum Wages on Low-Wage Jobs,” The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 134(3)：1405−1454.Chow, Gregory C., 1960. "Tests of Equality Between Sets of Coefficients in Two Linear Regressions," Econometrica.28(3)：591−605.Dube, Arindrajit, 2019. “Minimum Wages and the Distribution of Family Incomes,” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 11(4)：268−304.Dube, Arindrajit, T. William Lester, and Michael Reich, 2010. “Minimum Wage Effects Across State Borders: Estimates Using Contiguous Counties,” The Review of Economics and Statistics. 92(4)：945−964.Gramlich, Edward M., 1976. “Impact of Minimum Wages on Other Wages, Employment, and Family Incomes,” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity. 7(2)：409−462.Hausman, Jerry, 1978. "Specification Tests in Econometrics," Econometrica. 46(6)：1251−1271.Jardim, Ekaterina, Mark C. Long, Robert Plotnick, Emma van Inwegen, Jacob Vigdor, and Hilary Wething, 2017. “Minimum Wage Increases, Wages, and Low-Wage Employment: Evidence from Seattle,” NBER Working Papers 23532. New York：National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.Klein, Daniel B. and Stewart Dompe, 2007. “Reasons for Supporting the Minimum Wage: Asking Signatories of the “Raise the Minimum Wage” Statement,” Econ Journal Watch. 4(1)：125−167.Koenker, Roger and Gilbert Bassett, 1978. “Regression Quantiles,” Econometrica. 46(1)：33−50.Neumark, David and William Wascher, 2000. “Minimum Wages and Employment: A Case Study of the Fast-Food Industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania: Comment,” The American Economic Review. 90(5)：1362−1396.Neumark, David, Mark Schweitzer, and William Wascher, 2005. “The Effects of Minimum Wages on the Distribution of Family Incomes: A Nonparametric Analysis,” The Journal of Human Resources. 40(4)：867−894.Schmitt, John, 2013. “Why Does the Minimum Wage Have No Discernible Effect on Employment?” CEPR Reports and Issue Briefs 2013-04. Washington, D.C.：Center for Economic and Policy Research.Student, 1908. “The Probable Error of a Mean,” Biometrika. 6(1)：1-25. zh_TW dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202100848 en_US
