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題名 西班牙台灣的宗教與合法性
Religion and Legitimacy in Spanish Formosa作者 馬佐迪
Mallol Sala, Jordi貢獻者 藍適齊
Lan, Shi-Chi
馬佐迪
Mallol Sala, Jordi關鍵詞 合法性
宗教
殖民主義
殖民化
帝國主義
西班牙帝國
西班牙福爾沙
十六世紀
十七世紀
Legitimacy
Religion
Colonialism
Colonization
Imperialism
Spanish Empire
Spanish Formosa
Sixteenth Century
Seventeenth Century日期 2021 上傳時間 4-Aug-2021 16:20:12 (UTC+8) 摘要 本論文旨在探討西班牙帝國於十六、十七世紀間，宗教在征服合法化中的作用，並透過台灣殖民化為案例研究。現代國家的出現、對理解世界和宗教的改變，及人類在現代時期中所扮演的角色，都影響了人們對道德與合法性觀念上的理解。此分析基於對教會與國家關係之間的理解、宗教在權力結構中的核心作用、利用宗教皈依來改造本土空間以及西班牙傳教士以“邊境機構”的服務作為邊境開放系統的基礎概念下進行。首先，本論文認為，宗教是帝國的首要核心元素，儘管在台灣的殖民時期短暫，但仍然體現西班牙帝國主義在每個佔領階段的功能。其次，宗教辯護在國家結構中的成功率很高，而在本土社會中則較為有限。第三，儘管殖民者大多數的行為都符合道義，但有些事件可能都意味著殖民過程中存在的利益衝突。
This thesis explores the role of religion in legitimizing conquest during the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries Spanish Empire through the colonization of Taiwan as a case study. The emergence of the modern states, the changes inunderstanding the world, religion, and the role of men experienced during the Modern Era affected how the ideas of morality and legitimacy were understood. The analysis is made through the understanding of the Church and State relations, the central role of religion in the power structures, the use of religious conversion to transform the native spaces, and the concept of ‘frontier institution,’ in which the Spanish missions served as a fundamental piece in the frontier opening system. This thesis defends that, first, religion was a central element of the Empire and that, although the shortness of the Formosan colony, the main features of Spanish imperialism were present in each stage of the conquest. Second, the success of the religious justifications was high among the state structures and more limited among the native societies. And third, even though most of the colonizer`s actions responded to the moral justifications, some events might suggest conflicting interests in the colonization process.參考文獻 Abernethy, David B. 2000. The Dynamics of Global Dominance: European Overseas Empires, 1415– 1980. Yale University Press. Pp 44-64.Alvares, Claudia. 2008. “New World Slavery: Redefining the Human.” Annali d’Italianistica, 2008, Vol. 26, Humanisms, Posthumanisms, & Neohumanisms. Arizona State University. Pp. 131-153.Álvarez, José María. 1930. Formosa geográfica e históricamente considerada. Barcelona, Luis Gili.Andrade, Tonio. 2008. How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish, and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century. New York: Columbia University Press. Avialable at:http://www.gutenberg-e.org/andrade/andrade09.html Accessed: November 25 2020Arora, Satish K. 1970. “On Acquisition of Political Legitimacy.” Economic and Political Weekly. Jan., 1970, Vol. 5, No. 3/5. Economic and Political Weekly.Bannon, John Francis. 1979. “The Mission as a Frontier Institution: Sixty Years of Interest and Research.” Western Historical Quarterly, Jul., 1979, Vol. 10, No. 3. Oxford University Press. Pp. 303-322.Barnadas, Josep M. 1894. “The Catholic Church in Colonial Spanish America.” in Bethell, Leslie (ed.). The Cambridge History of Latin America, Volume 1. Cambridge University Press.Blanco, D. John. 2009. Frontier Institutions: Christianity and Colonial Empire in the Nineteenth-Century Philippines. University of California Press.Benton, Lauren. 2002. Law and Colonial Cultures: Legal Regimes in World History, 1400-1900. Cambridge University Press.Berg, Carol. 1993. “Missionaries and Cultures.” U.S. Catholic Historian, Spring, 1993, Vol. 11, No.2, Evangelization and Culture, pp 29-36Beyers, Jaco. 2015. “Religion as a Political Instrument: The Case of Japan and South Africa.” Journal for the Study of Religion, Vol. 28. No. 1. Association for the Study of Religion in Southern Africa (ASRSA). Pp. 142-164.Bolton, Herbert E. 1917. “The Mission as Frontier Institution in the Spanish-American Colonies.” The American History Review. Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Historical Association. Vol. 23, No. 1 (Oct., 1917), pp. 42-61Borao Mateo, José Eugenio. 1992. “La llegada de Españoles a Isla Hermosa en el contexto del mito orientalista.” Encuentros en Catay, No 6, Fu-jen University, 1992, pp. 183-205. (Expanded version of a paper presented in the “3rd International Meeting on the Novo- Hispanic Presence in the Pacific Islands”, Taxco-Acapulco (Mexico), April 6-10, 1992).Borao Mateo, José Eugenio. 1992. “The Spanish Presence in Taiwan (1626-1642).” Bulletin of the Department of History of NTU 台大历史学报, No. 17, NTU, December 1992, pp. 315-330. (Expanded version of a paper presented in the “12th International Conference of IAHA”, Hong Kong, June 24-28, 1991).Borao Mateo, José Eugenio. 1993. “The aborigines of Northern Taiwan according to the 17th Spanish Sources.” In: Newsletter of Taiwan History Field Research, No 27, AcademiaSinica, June 1993. (Expanded version of a paper presented in the “III Congreso Internacional de la Asociación Asiática de Hispanistas (AAH)”, Japan, 8-10 January 1993).Borao Mateo, José Eugenio. 1998. “The Catholic Dominican Missionaries in Taiwan, 1626-1642.” Proceedings of the International Symposium Christianity in Taiwan: Review of Historical Materials [臺灣基督教:史料與研究回顧國際學術研討會], Taipei: Chinese University and Cosmic Light, pp. 33-76.Borao Mateo, José Eugenio. 2000. “The Catholic Dominican Missionaries in Taiwan (1624- 1642).” Leuven Chinese Studies. Special Issue on Missionary Approaches and Linguistic in Mainland China and Taiwan. No. X, pp. 101-132.Borao Mateo, José Eugenio. 2001. Spaniards in Taiwan: Documents. Taipei SMC Publishing Incorporated.Borao Mateo, José Eugenio. 2004. “The ‘Justification’ of the Spanish Intrusion in Taiwan.”《文史哲學報》Humanitas Taiwanica (TA&HCI), No. 60, NTU, Taipei. Pp. 338-372.Borao Mateo, José Eugenio. 2005. “Some notes about the Misericordia of Isla Hermosa.” Review of Culture (Instituto Cultural do Governo da R.A.E. da Macau), No. 14, pp. 101-111.Borao Mateo, José Eugenio. 2009. “An overview of the Spaniards in Taiwan (1626-1642).” Proceedings of the International Conference on China and Spain during the Ming and Ching Dinasties《 明清時期的中國與西班牙國際學術研討會》(conference held on 30 Oct.-2 Nov. 2007), Centre of Sino-Western Cultural Studies, Istituto Politecnico de Macao. Pp.306 -328.Borao Mateo, José Eugenio. 2009. The Spanish Experience in Taiwan: 1626-1642: The Baroque Ending of a Renaissance Endeavor. SMC Publishing Inc. Taipei.Borao Mateo, José Eugenio. 2017. “The Formosa Catholic mission, 1626-1895.” In: Francis K.H. So; Beatrice K.F. Leung & Ellen Mary Mylod, Catholic Church in Taiwan: Birth, Growth and Development. Palgrave Macmillan Press. Pp. 15-38.Boucher, David. 2016. “Invoking a World of Ideas: Theory and Interpretation in the Justification of Colonialism.” Theoria: A Journal of Social and Political Theory, June 2016, Vol. 63, No. 147, Special Issue: ‘Empire and Economics’. Pp. 6-24Brennan, Edward J. 1958. “The Ideology of Imperialism: The Spanish Debates Regarding the Conquest of America, 1511-51.” Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review, Spring, 1958, Vol. 47, No. 185. Messenger Publications. Pp. 66-82Chatterjee, Deen (ed.). 2011. Encyclopedia of Global Justice. Springer.Chiu, Hsin-hui. 2008. The Colonial ‘Civilizing Process’ in Dutch Formosa, 1624-1641. Brill Academy Pub. Leiden, Boston.Cooper, J. P. (ed.). 1971. The New Cambridge Modern History: Volume 4. The Decline of Spain and The Thirty Years War 1609-48/59. Cambridge University Press.Dussel, Enrique. 1995. The Invention of the Americas: Eclipse of “the Other” and the Myth of Modernity. The Continuum Publishing Company, New York.Dussel, Enrique. 2005. “Origen de la filosofía moderna: Las Casas, Vitoria y Suárez (1514-1617).” Caribbean Studies, Jul. – Dec., 2005, Vol. 33, No. 2. New Caribbean Philosophy. Institute of Caribbean Studies, UPR, Rio Piedras Campus. Pp. 35-80.Dwyer, Philip; Nettelbeck, Amanda. 2018. Violence, Colonialism and Empire in the Modern World. Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series. Palgrave Macmillan.Edmonds, Ennis B; Gonzalez, Michelle. 2010. “Early Colonial Catholicism.” In Caribbean Religious History: An Introduction. NYU Press.Elliott, J. H. 1984. “Spain and America in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries” in Bethell, L. (ed.), The Cambridge History of Latin America, vol. 1, CambridgeUniversity Press.Elliott, J. H. 1984. “The Spanish Conquest and Settlement of America” in Bethell, L. (ed.), The Cambridge History of Latin America, vol. 1, Cambridge University Press.Fannon, Franz. 1963. The Wretched of the Earth. New York: Grove Press.Fetzer, Joel S.; Soper, Christopher. 2014. “Church and State in Spanish Formosa.” Review of Religion and Chinese Society. Pepperdine University.Fraser, John. 1974. “Validating a Measure of National Political Legitimacy.” American Journal of Political Science, Feb., 1974, Vol. 18, No. 1 (Feb., 1974), pp. 117-134.Fujitani, James. 2019. “The Jesuit Hospital in the Religious Context of Sixteenth-Century Japan.” Japanese Journal of Regional Studies, Vol. 4, No. 1 (2019), pp. 79-102Galtung, Johan. 1969. “Violence, Peace, and Peace Research.” Journal of Peace Research. Aug., 1990, Vol. 27, No. 3. Sage Publicagions. Pp. 167-191.Galtung, Johan. 1990. “Cultural Violence.” Journal of Peace Research. Aug., 1969, Vol. 6, No.3. Sage Publicagions. Pp. 291-305.García Pérez, Rafael. 2015. “Revisiting the America’s Colonial Status Under the Spanish Monarchy” in New Horizons in Spanish Colonial Law. Contributions to Early Modern Legal History. Max Planck Institute for European Legal History.Goldberg, Mark Alan. 2016. “Conquering Sickness: Race, Health, and Colonization in the Texas Borderlands.” Borderlands and Transcultural Studies. University of Nebraska Press.Koskenniemi, Martti. 2011. “Empire and International Law: The Real Spanish Contribution.” The University of Toronto Law Journal, Winter 2011, Vol. 6, No. 1. University of Toronto Press. Pp. 1-36.Levene, Ricadro. 1951. Las Indias no eran colonial. Colección Austral, Espasa-Calpe, S.A.v.Lynch, John. 1981. Spain Under the Habsburgs. Vol. 2: Spain and America 1598-1700. New York: New York University Press.Lynch, John. 1991. Spain 1516-1598: From Nation State toWorld Empire. Oxford, U.K. Cambridge: Blackwell.Maoz, Zeev; Henderson, Errol A. 2020. Scriptures, Shrines, Scapegoats, and World Politics: Religious Sources of Conflict and Cooperation in the Modern Era. University of Michigan Press.Mathes, Michael. 1990. “A Quarter Century of Trans-Pacific Diplomacy: New Spain and Japan, 1592-1617.” Journal of Asian History, Vol. 24, No. 1 (1990), pp 1-29Mathur, A. 1991. “Machiavellian Theory of the State.” The Indian Journal of Political Science, 52(3), 418-423.Meyer, Lukas H. 2009. Legitimacy, Justice, and Public International Law. Cambridge University Press.Moreno, Frank Jay. 1967. “The Spanish Colonial System: A Functional Approach.” The Western Political Quarterly, Vol. 20, No.2, Part 1. University of Utah on Behalf of the Western Political Association.Moyser, George. 1991. Politics and Religion in the Modern World. Routledge, London and New York.O’Neil, Patrick H. 2010. Essentials of comparative politics. New York: W.W. Norton & Co.Osterhammel, Jürgen; Jansen, Jan C. 2012. Colonialismo: Historia, formas, efectos. Siglo XXI. Serie Historia.Peter, Fabienne. 2017. “Political Legitimacy.” The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2017 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)
108926020資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108926020 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 藍適齊 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Lan, Shi-Chi en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 馬佐迪 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Mallol Sala, Jordi en_US dc.creator (作者) 馬佐迪 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Mallol Sala, Jordi en_US dc.date (日期) 2021 en_US dc.date.accessioned 4-Aug-2021 16:20:12 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 4-Aug-2021 16:20:12 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 4-Aug-2021 16:20:12 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0108926020 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/136655 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 108926020 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本論文旨在探討西班牙帝國於十六、十七世紀間，宗教在征服合法化中的作用，並透過台灣殖民化為案例研究。現代國家的出現、對理解世界和宗教的改變，及人類在現代時期中所扮演的角色，都影響了人們對道德與合法性觀念上的理解。此分析基於對教會與國家關係之間的理解、宗教在權力結構中的核心作用、利用宗教皈依來改造本土空間以及西班牙傳教士以“邊境機構”的服務作為邊境開放系統的基礎概念下進行。首先，本論文認為，宗教是帝國的首要核心元素，儘管在台灣的殖民時期短暫，但仍然體現西班牙帝國主義在每個佔領階段的功能。其次，宗教辯護在國家結構中的成功率很高，而在本土社會中則較為有限。第三，儘管殖民者大多數的行為都符合道義，但有些事件可能都意味著殖民過程中存在的利益衝突。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) This thesis explores the role of religion in legitimizing conquest during the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries Spanish Empire through the colonization of Taiwan as a case study. The emergence of the modern states, the changes inunderstanding the world, religion, and the role of men experienced during the Modern Era affected how the ideas of morality and legitimacy were understood. The analysis is made through the understanding of the Church and State relations, the central role of religion in the power structures, the use of religious conversion to transform the native spaces, and the concept of ‘frontier institution,’ in which the Spanish missions served as a fundamental piece in the frontier opening system. This thesis defends that, first, religion was a central element of the Empire and that, although the shortness of the Formosan colony, the main features of Spanish imperialism were present in each stage of the conquest. Second, the success of the religious justifications was high among the state structures and more limited among the native societies. And third, even though most of the colonizer`s actions responded to the moral justifications, some events might suggest conflicting interests in the colonization process. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 1. Introduction 11.1. Research proposal 21.1.1. Research motivation 31.1.2. Research method 41.1.3. Thesis structure 51.2. Clarification on the use of terms 61.3. Spanish Formosa 81.4. Theoretical Framework 111.4.1. The concepts of colony and empire 111.4.2. Legitimacy 141.4.3. Legitimacy and colonialism 171.4.4. Religion and legitimacy 191.4.5. Analyzing legitimacy 211.4.6. Conclusion 222. The Spanish Empire 242.1. The international environment 242.1.1. Colonial empires 272.2. The configuration of the Empire 302.2.1. A paternalistic structure 332.3. Religion in the Spanish colonial system 362.3.1. The missions as ‘frontier institutions’392.4. The morality and legality of the conquest 432.4.1. Francisco de Vitoria 473. Religion and legitimacy in Spanish Formosa: the political level 513.1. The power structure 513.2. Reasons and justifications of the conquest 553.2.1. The reasons for the conquest 553.2.2. The Justification 623.2.3. The idea of the ‘other’ 673.3. Rituals and ceremonies 754. Religion and Legitimacy in Spanish Formosa: the societal level 804.1. The Indigenous views on the Spanish 804.2. Frontier institutions 874.2.1. Conversion 884.2.2. Economic and political functions of the missions 914.2.3. Civilization, hospitals, and schools 944.3. Time and place differences 984.4. Comparison with the Dutch colony 995. Conclusion 1015.1. The state level 1015.2. The societal level 1045.3. Controversies between justifications and facts 1065.4. Final discussion and comments 1086. References 111 zh_TW dc.format.extent 980214 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108926020 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 合法性 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 宗教 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 殖民主義 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 殖民化 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 帝國主義 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 西班牙帝國 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 西班牙福爾沙 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 十六世紀 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 十七世紀 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Legitimacy en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Religion en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Colonialism en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Colonization en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Imperialism en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Spanish Empire en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Spanish Formosa en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Sixteenth Century en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Seventeenth Century en_US dc.title (題名) 西班牙台灣的宗教與合法性 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Religion and Legitimacy in Spanish Formosa en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Abernethy, David B. 2000. The Dynamics of Global Dominance: European Overseas Empires, 1415– 1980. Yale University Press. Pp 44-64.Alvares, Claudia. 2008. “New World Slavery: Redefining the Human.” Annali d’Italianistica, 2008, Vol. 26, Humanisms, Posthumanisms, & Neohumanisms. Arizona State University. Pp. 131-153.Álvarez, José María. 1930. Formosa geográfica e históricamente considerada. Barcelona, Luis Gili.Andrade, Tonio. 2008. How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish, and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century. New York: Columbia University Press. Avialable at:http://www.gutenberg-e.org/andrade/andrade09.html Accessed: November 25 2020Arora, Satish K. 1970. “On Acquisition of Political Legitimacy.” Economic and Political Weekly. Jan., 1970, Vol. 5, No. 3/5. Economic and Political Weekly.Bannon, John Francis. 1979. “The Mission as a Frontier Institution: Sixty Years of Interest and Research.” Western Historical Quarterly, Jul., 1979, Vol. 10, No. 3. Oxford University Press. Pp. 303-322.Barnadas, Josep M. 1894. “The Catholic Church in Colonial Spanish America.” in Bethell, Leslie (ed.). The Cambridge History of Latin America, Volume 1. Cambridge University Press.Blanco, D. John. 2009. Frontier Institutions: Christianity and Colonial Empire in the Nineteenth-Century Philippines. University of California Press.Benton, Lauren. 2002. Law and Colonial Cultures: Legal Regimes in World History, 1400-1900. Cambridge University Press.Berg, Carol. 1993. “Missionaries and Cultures.” U.S. Catholic Historian, Spring, 1993, Vol. 11, No.2, Evangelization and Culture, pp 29-36Beyers, Jaco. 2015. “Religion as a Political Instrument: The Case of Japan and South Africa.” Journal for the Study of Religion, Vol. 28. No. 1. Association for the Study of Religion in Southern Africa (ASRSA). Pp. 142-164.Bolton, Herbert E. 1917. “The Mission as Frontier Institution in the Spanish-American Colonies.” The American History Review. Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Historical Association. Vol. 23, No. 1 (Oct., 1917), pp. 42-61Borao Mateo, José Eugenio. 1992. “La llegada de Españoles a Isla Hermosa en el contexto del mito orientalista.” Encuentros en Catay, No 6, Fu-jen University, 1992, pp. 183-205. (Expanded version of a paper presented in the “3rd International Meeting on the Novo- Hispanic Presence in the Pacific Islands”, Taxco-Acapulco (Mexico), April 6-10, 1992).Borao Mateo, José Eugenio. 1992. “The Spanish Presence in Taiwan (1626-1642).” Bulletin of the Department of History of NTU 台大历史学报, No. 17, NTU, December 1992, pp. 315-330. (Expanded version of a paper presented in the “12th International Conference of IAHA”, Hong Kong, June 24-28, 1991).Borao Mateo, José Eugenio. 1993. “The aborigines of Northern Taiwan according to the 17th Spanish Sources.” In: Newsletter of Taiwan History Field Research, No 27, AcademiaSinica, June 1993. (Expanded version of a paper presented in the “III Congreso Internacional de la Asociación Asiática de Hispanistas (AAH)”, Japan, 8-10 January 1993).Borao Mateo, José Eugenio. 1998. “The Catholic Dominican Missionaries in Taiwan, 1626-1642.” Proceedings of the International Symposium Christianity in Taiwan: Review of Historical Materials [臺灣基督教:史料與研究回顧國際學術研討會], Taipei: Chinese University and Cosmic Light, pp. 33-76.Borao Mateo, José Eugenio. 2000. “The Catholic Dominican Missionaries in Taiwan (1624- 1642).” Leuven Chinese Studies. Special Issue on Missionary Approaches and Linguistic in Mainland China and Taiwan. No. X, pp. 101-132.Borao Mateo, José Eugenio. 2001. Spaniards in Taiwan: Documents. Taipei SMC Publishing Incorporated.Borao Mateo, José Eugenio. 2004. “The ‘Justification’ of the Spanish Intrusion in Taiwan.”《文史哲學報》Humanitas Taiwanica (TA&HCI), No. 60, NTU, Taipei. Pp. 338-372.Borao Mateo, José Eugenio. 2005. “Some notes about the Misericordia of Isla Hermosa.” Review of Culture (Instituto Cultural do Governo da R.A.E. da Macau), No. 14, pp. 101-111.Borao Mateo, José Eugenio. 2009. “An overview of the Spaniards in Taiwan (1626-1642).” Proceedings of the International Conference on China and Spain during the Ming and Ching Dinasties《 明清時期的中國與西班牙國際學術研討會》(conference held on 30 Oct.-2 Nov. 2007), Centre of Sino-Western Cultural Studies, Istituto Politecnico de Macao. Pp.306 -328.Borao Mateo, José Eugenio. 2009. The Spanish Experience in Taiwan: 1626-1642: The Baroque Ending of a Renaissance Endeavor. SMC Publishing Inc. Taipei.Borao Mateo, José Eugenio. 2017. “The Formosa Catholic mission, 1626-1895.” In: Francis K.H. So; Beatrice K.F. Leung & Ellen Mary Mylod, Catholic Church in Taiwan: Birth, Growth and Development. Palgrave Macmillan Press. Pp. 15-38.Boucher, David. 2016. “Invoking a World of Ideas: Theory and Interpretation in the Justification of Colonialism.” Theoria: A Journal of Social and Political Theory, June 2016, Vol. 63, No. 147, Special Issue: ‘Empire and Economics’. Pp. 6-24Brennan, Edward J. 1958. “The Ideology of Imperialism: The Spanish Debates Regarding the Conquest of America, 1511-51.” Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review, Spring, 1958, Vol. 47, No. 185. Messenger Publications. Pp. 66-82Chatterjee, Deen (ed.). 2011. Encyclopedia of Global Justice. Springer.Chiu, Hsin-hui. 2008. The Colonial ‘Civilizing Process’ in Dutch Formosa, 1624-1641. Brill Academy Pub. Leiden, Boston.Cooper, J. P. (ed.). 1971. The New Cambridge Modern History: Volume 4. The Decline of Spain and The Thirty Years War 1609-48/59. Cambridge University Press.Dussel, Enrique. 1995. The Invention of the Americas: Eclipse of “the Other” and the Myth of Modernity. 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