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題名 非個人數據與數據共享之研究
Research on Non-personal Data and Data Sharing作者 許威廉
Hsu, William貢獻者 馮震宇
Fong, Jerry G.
許威廉
Hsu, William關鍵詞 非個人數據
數據政策
數據治理
數據權
數據共享
大數據
Non-Personal Data
Data Policy
Data Governance
Data Rights
Data Sharing
Big Data日期 2021 上傳時間 4-Aug-2021 16:26:06 (UTC+8) 摘要 數據是組織的資產。數據驅動的創新和決策正逐漸成為提高效率並且新興事業的最有效手段。隨著 5G 電信技術的實施，IoT（物聯網）設備將即時數據傳輸到聚合數據之單位，使數據對組織或個人更有價值。然而，由於歐盟《一般數據保護條例》(下稱 GDPR) 的適用範圍廣泛，全球立法僅關注個人數據議題以符合嚴格的歐盟規範，從而使非個人數據領域存在灰色地帶。由於僅有少數組織能夠單獨為價值開發積累足夠的數據，因此大多數公司必須共享各自的數據以達綜效。然而，當前的智慧財產權制度僅對數據給予有限的保護。建立新的數據智慧財產權是在數據經濟中鞏固數據權利的一種手段。為了在數據經濟中取得先機，歐盟正在完成有關數據經濟和數據治理的所有領域的立法。此外，ALI（美國法學協會）和ELI（歐洲法學協會）目前正在起草數位經濟中數據共享以及數據交易之相關指引。日本對於數位經濟之數據治理方法對歐盟的限制相對較少，並且在不正競爭防止法中新增針對在數據共享環境中非法濫用或非法取得數據之侵權樣態提供民事補救措施。隨著非個人數據、數據共享和數據治理成為全球關注的問題，台灣也應該關注相關領域之議題。本文旨在討論非個人數據的當前發展，整合主要經濟體對於非個人數據以及數據共享之已實施或研擬中之法律，以研究台灣法律以及規範應如何為數位經濟做好準備，並為企業提供數據治理方面之建議。
Data is an asset to organizations. Data-driven innovation and decision-making are gradually becoming the most effective means to improve efficacy and nurture new businesses. With the implementation of 5G telecommunication technology, IoT (Internet of things) devices transmitsreal-time data to aggregators, making data even more valuable for organizations or individuals. However, due to the broad scope of application of the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), legislations worldwide focus on personal data alone to comply with the rigorous EUregulation, leaving the realm of non-personal data with a plethora of unchecked issues.With only a few organizations able to amass enough data for value exploitation alone, most corporations must share respective data to achieve synergy. Yet, the current Intellectual Property (IP) regime awards limited protection on data. Establishing a novel IP right for data is a means to solidify data rights in the digital economy. The European Union is completing its legislation in all sectors regarding data economy and data governance. In addition, ALI (American Law Institute) and ELI (European Law Institute) are currently drafting contract guidelines for data sharing in the digital economy. Japan’s approach towards data governance is comparatively less restrictive to the EU and only grant civil remedies of illegal misuse or ascertainment of data in a data-sharing environment.As non-personal data, data sharing, and data governance becoming issues noticed worldwide, Taiwan (R.O.C) should also initiate its discussion on such topics. 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國立政治大學
科技管理與智慧財產研究所
107364211資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107364211 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 馮震宇 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Fong, Jerry G. en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 許威廉 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Hsu, William en_US dc.creator (作者) 許威廉 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Hsu, William en_US dc.date (日期) 2021 en_US dc.date.accessioned 4-Aug-2021 16:26:06 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 4-Aug-2021 16:26:06 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 4-Aug-2021 16:26:06 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0107364211 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/136681 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 科技管理與智慧財產研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 107364211 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 數據是組織的資產。數據驅動的創新和決策正逐漸成為提高效率並且新興事業的最有效手段。隨著 5G 電信技術的實施，IoT（物聯網）設備將即時數據傳輸到聚合數據之單位，使數據對組織或個人更有價值。然而，由於歐盟《一般數據保護條例》(下稱 GDPR) 的適用範圍廣泛，全球立法僅關注個人數據議題以符合嚴格的歐盟規範，從而使非個人數據領域存在灰色地帶。由於僅有少數組織能夠單獨為價值開發積累足夠的數據，因此大多數公司必須共享各自的數據以達綜效。然而，當前的智慧財產權制度僅對數據給予有限的保護。建立新的數據智慧財產權是在數據經濟中鞏固數據權利的一種手段。為了在數據經濟中取得先機，歐盟正在完成有關數據經濟和數據治理的所有領域的立法。此外，ALI（美國法學協會）和ELI（歐洲法學協會）目前正在起草數位經濟中數據共享以及數據交易之相關指引。日本對於數位經濟之數據治理方法對歐盟的限制相對較少，並且在不正競爭防止法中新增針對在數據共享環境中非法濫用或非法取得數據之侵權樣態提供民事補救措施。隨著非個人數據、數據共享和數據治理成為全球關注的問題，台灣也應該關注相關領域之議題。本文旨在討論非個人數據的當前發展，整合主要經濟體對於非個人數據以及數據共享之已實施或研擬中之法律，以研究台灣法律以及規範應如何為數位經濟做好準備，並為企業提供數據治理方面之建議。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Data is an asset to organizations. Data-driven innovation and decision-making are gradually becoming the most effective means to improve efficacy and nurture new businesses. With the implementation of 5G telecommunication technology, IoT (Internet of things) devices transmitsreal-time data to aggregators, making data even more valuable for organizations or individuals. However, due to the broad scope of application of the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), legislations worldwide focus on personal data alone to comply with the rigorous EUregulation, leaving the realm of non-personal data with a plethora of unchecked issues.With only a few organizations able to amass enough data for value exploitation alone, most corporations must share respective data to achieve synergy. Yet, the current Intellectual Property (IP) regime awards limited protection on data. Establishing a novel IP right for data is a means to solidify data rights in the digital economy. The European Union is completing its legislation in all sectors regarding data economy and data governance. In addition, ALI (American Law Institute) and ELI (European Law Institute) are currently drafting contract guidelines for data sharing in the digital economy. Japan’s approach towards data governance is comparatively less restrictive to the EU and only grant civil remedies of illegal misuse or ascertainment of data in a data-sharing environment.As non-personal data, data sharing, and data governance becoming issues noticed worldwide, Taiwan (R.O.C) should also initiate its discussion on such topics. This paper aims to discuss current developments of non-personal data, compile the proposed or implemented laws in major economies to examine how Taiwan’s laws should equip itself for the digital economy, and provide general advice for corporations on data governance in data sharing environments. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1第一節 研究動機 1第一項 數據對未來經濟活動之重要性 1第二項 非個人數據之意義與發展趨勢 2第三項 非個人數據之問題與挑戰 5第二節 研究方法及限制 6第三節 研究架構 7第二章 數據共享之現況與發展 8第一節 數據共享之現況 8第一項 數據即服務DaaS (Data as a Service) 8第二項 數據平台 10第二節 數據共享型態之發展 12第三節 小結 13第三章 世界各國對數據的態度與政策 14第一節 美國對數據的態度與政策 14第一項 數據政策討論起源 14第二項 數據專法 15第三項 著作權層次 15第四項 營業秘密層次 17第五項 現行制度以及建議參酌方向 18第六項 小結 19第二節 歐盟對數據的態度與政策 19第一項 單一數位市場 20第二項 歐盟內非個人數據自由流通之規範 23第三項 數據監理法(草案) 27第四項 歐洲數位經濟中共享私部門數據之指引 32第三節 其他國家、國際組織、以及民間組織之發展 34第一項 中國大陸 35第二項 印度 40第三項 世界智慧財產權組織 43第四項 Copyleft 44第四節 小結 45第四章 ALI- ELI 數位經濟原則 47第一節 前言 47第二節 數據合約管轄之規則及原則 52第一項 合約之約定以及適用法律 52第二項 救濟方式 53第三節 數據分享或提供之合約 54第一項 數據轉移合約 54第二項 數據存取合約 57第三項 利用數據來源合約 59第四項 授權存取合約 60第四節 數據權益之管轄規則及原則 62第一項 數據權益 62第二項 數據權益之適用 64第五節 關於共創數據之數據權益 65第一項 共創數據定義 65第二項 判定共創數據權益之主要因素 66第三項 共創數據之存取與攜帶 67第四項 拒絕使用共創數據 68第五項 共創數據更正 69第六項 經濟分潤 70第五章 日本「限定提供データ」對共創數據之保護 71第一節 日本社會5.0 71第二節 2019年不正競爭防止法修正(限定提供數據) 73第一項 前言 73第二項 限定提供數據保護要件 74第三項 侵害限定提供數據之種類 78第四項 侵害限定提供數據之救濟 82第三節 關於利用AI‧數據之合約指引－數據篇 84第一項 前言 84第二項 數據提供型 87第三項 數據創造型 90第四項 數據共用型 93第四項 小結 101第六章 我國現行法對數據之利用及保護 104第一節 我國對數據之利用及保護現狀 104第一項 整體發展 104第二項 資料經濟生態系推動計畫 105第二節 對非個人數據之保護 107第一項 營業秘密法 107第二項 妨害電腦使用罪 108第三項 資通安全管理法 108第三節 小結 110第七章 結論與建議 112第一節 政府應制定非個人數據之相關法制 112第一項 非個人數據監理法規 112第二項 數據流通規範 113第三項 數據契約指引 114第四項 數據共享之救濟管道 114第五項 小結 115第二節 企業因應數據共享的智財保護 116第一項 開放或封閉 116第二項 建構數據共享平台 117參考文獻 118 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2296955 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107364211 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 非個人數據 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 數據政策 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 數據治理 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 數據權 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 數據共享 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 大數據 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Non-Personal Data en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Data Policy en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Data Governance en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Data Rights en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Data Sharing en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Big Data en_US dc.title (題名) 非個人數據與數據共享之研究 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Research on Non-personal Data and Data Sharing en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文文獻期刊資料蔡志宏、林劍秋，AI+5G：數位成長催化劑，國土及公共治理季刊，第八卷第四期，2020年12月。網路來源資料大数据白皮书（2018），中国信息通信研究院，2018年4月，http://www.cac.gov.cn/2018-04/25/c_1122741894.htm大数据白皮书（2020），中国信息通信研究院，2020年12月，http://m.caict.ac.cn/yjcg/202012/P020210208530851510348.pdf中共中央 国务院关于构建更加完善的要素市场化配置体制机制的意见，中華人民共和國中央人民政府，2020年4月9日，http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2020-04/09/content_5500622.htm中共中央 国务院关于新时代加快完善社会主义市场经济体制的意见，中華人民共和國中央人民政府，2020年5月18日，http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2020-05/18/content_5512696.htm王儷伶，得數據者得天下，遠見華人菁英論壇，2019年9月10日，https://gvlf.gvm.com.tw/article/68007主軸二：數位經濟躍升行動計畫，行政院，https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B3y3eToRMV-_N0NKWnF3b3ZSQUk/view交通部攜手產業 共創交通數據生態系，交通部，2021年1月6日，https://www.motc.gov.tw/ch/home.jsp?id=14&parentpath=0%2C2&mcustomize=news_view.jsp&dataserno=202101070003&aplistdn=ou=data,ou=news,ou=chinese,ou=ap_root,o=motc,c=tw&toolsflag=Y&imgfolder=img%2Fstandard行政院重要施政成果－數位經濟－資通安全，行政院，2021年3月19日，https://www.ey.gov.tw/achievement/8C9B9768344B3F0B吳麟，觀念平台－資料共享與開放心態 協助創造銀行、企業、民眾三贏，工商時報，2021年2月23日，https://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20210223000126-260209?chdtv金融科技發展路徑圖，金融監督管理委員會，2020年8月27日，https://www.fsc.gov.tw/websitedowndoc?file=chfsc/202012241230420.pdf&filedisplay=1090827%E7%B0%A1%E5%A0%B1-%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%91%E5%9C%96.pdf建構零售暨服務業數據共享創新服務計畫-經濟部(核定本)，中華民國經濟部，2020年9月，https://www.ey.gov.tw/File/928273ABFF0C0F1F骆文智主持召开市六届人大常委会第四十六次会议，深圳市人民政府，2020年12月29日，http://www.sz.gov.cn/cn/xxgk/zfxxgj/zwdt/content/post_8379991.html個資保護規範下之大數據案況運用與未來發展，財團法人中華民國證券暨期貨市場發展基金會，2019年12月，https://members.sitca.org.tw/OPF/K0000/files/J/04/2019%E5%80%8B%E8%B3%87%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E8%A6%8F%E7%AF%84%E4%B8%8B%E4%B9%8B%E5%A4%A7%E6%95%B8%E6%93%9A%E7%8F%BE%E6%B3%81%E9%81%8B%E7%94%A8%E8%88%87%E6%9C%AA%E4%BE%86%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95.pdf馬雲︰未來屬於「新製造」 90%製造業將在互聯網上，阿里足跡，2018/8/23，https://www.alibabanews.com/mayun-weilaishuyuxinzhizao-90zhizaoyejiangzaihulianwangshang/國家互聯網信息辦公室關於《汽車數據安全管理若干規定（徵求意見稿）》公開徵求意見的通知，中華人民共和國中央人民政府，2021年5月12日，http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2021-05/12/content_5606075.htm產業創新－智慧機械，行政院，https://www.ey.gov.tw/achievement/E922CA92C2BAE4E馮震宇，美祭DTSA金牌台企牽連中箭，能力雜誌，779號，頁99，2021年1月。經濟部工業局技術服務機構服務能量登錄作業要點 附件一 作業要點所適用之技術服務類別及服務項目.pdf，https://law.moea.gov.tw/Download.ashx?FileID=170621資料經濟生態系推動計畫(2/3)，經濟部工業局，2020年1月13日。資料經濟應用成果展，六角國際事業股份有限公司，https://oeopendata.com/introduction_profile/665c1c40-a42e-477f-9fc8-fd1ba3a62753資料經濟應用成果展，台灣櫻花股份有限公司，https://oeopendata.com/introduction_profile/9939c897-abdc-4787-b786-0fdd7aaa55da廖和明，數位轉型三大模式，共構金融生態圈，https://www.fisc.com.tw/Upload/ec11fae2-91f9-405f-8ded-24949edfb833/TC/9908.pdf劉美恩、鄒淑雯，政府與企業共同健全數據環境 台灣數位經濟蓄勢待發，經濟日報，2020年11月26日，https://money.udn.com/money/story/5635/5044848數位國家．創新經濟發展方案2017年至2020年階段性成果報告，行政院，https://digi.ey.gov.tw/File/44091FADABC02B17數位國家‧創新經濟發展方案(2017-2025年)(核定本) ，行政院，2017年10月。簡介，行政院數位國家創新經濟推動小組，2018年2月22日，https://digi.ey.gov.tw/Page/A1701D7654C6B83C關於資料服務平台，民生公共物聯網資料服務平台，https://ci.taiwan.gov.tw/dsp/about.aspx《深圳经济特区数据条例（征求意见稿）》公众意见汇总表，深圳市司法局，2020年8月，http://sf.sz.gov.cn/hdjlpt/yjzj/api/attachments/view/52127ecd5dcd1cc76493cde1c73a63c9DIGI+方案」推動成果—朝智慧國家邁進，行政院，2019年9月9日，https://www.ey.gov.tw/Page/5A8A0CB5B41DA11E/22a0ad26-653c-4e0e-854a-e53da6f759fcYouTube，20210325行政院會後記者會（第3744次會議），行政院，2021年3月25日，https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pLMi0PQGCCE二、英文文獻書籍Henry William Chesbrough, Open innovation: the new imperative for creating and profiting from technology (2003).網路來源資料A Digital Single Market Strategy for Europe-Analysis and Evidence, COM(2015) 192 final (Jun 5, 2015)A European fir for the digital age, EUROPEAN COMMISSION, https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/europe-fit-digital-age_en#introductionA European strategy on the data value chain, EUROPEAN COMMISSION, http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/newsroom/cf/dae/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=3488About Skywise, AIRBUS, https://skywise.airbus.com/en/about-skywise.htmlAIPLA Comments regarding “Request for Comments on Intellectual Property Protection for Artificial Intelligence Innovation,” 84 Fed. 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