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題名 國際能源訴訟之管轄權、規範衝突與投資人權益保障：以Yukos案為例
Jurisdiction, Conflicts of Norms and Investor Protection in International Energy Litigation: A Case Study of Yukos
作者 邱鴻
Chiou, Hong
貢獻者 許耀明
Hsu, Yao-Ming
邱鴻
Chiou, Hong
關鍵詞 Yukos
投資仲裁
國際商事法
國際人權法
歐盟
俄羅斯
能源貿易
Yukos
Investment arbitration
International commercial law
International human rights law
European Union
Russia
Energy trade
日期 2021
上傳時間 2-Sep-2021 17:06:40 (UTC+8)
摘要 國際投資法旨在促進和保護外國投資人與投資事項，主要由國際法原則與地主國的法律所構成，使國際法與國內法間得以相互適用，但卻也模糊了傳統的國際公法與國際私法的區分。本文以Yukos案為例，描述現今國際投資條約中的管轄權適用爭議，以及涉及爭端解決程序時，能源憲章條約的暫時適用條款對管轄權歸屬造成的影響。
本文首先從海牙常設仲裁法院與歐洲人權法院之判決分析本案始末，並透過國際投資法與國際人權法規範適用比較，觀察國際法體系多元性。從投資者角度來說，能源投資涉及長期風險；對地主國來說，在吸引外資的同時應如何行使國家監管權力。透過Yukos案，可觀察不同國際裁判機構如何在此二者間取得平衡，Yukos案亦因此成為國際投資法之重要案例。
透過Yukos案可發現經濟發展並不必然壓迫社會權利，而如何取得經濟與人權間的平衡，亦是國際法近年討論熱點。例如聯合國商業與人權指導規則與海牙商業與人權仲裁規則，皆在國際投資法概念中規劃了國際人權法之適用，指出在發展經濟的同時，應實踐人權保護，使經濟與社會權利間維持永續之關係。
國際投資法之發展展現了社會權利與經濟權利間之互動。在Yukos案後，冀望國際間之經濟發展不只關注投資之獲益，而係將經濟發展立基於人權與社會權利之保障，展現經濟與人權間的合作與相互影響。
International investment law is designed to promote and protect the activities of private foreign investors, and the distinction between international law and domestic law becoming blurred by the modern regime of foreign investment law. The purpose of this article is to consider the case of Yukos, in which emphasizes the conflict and appliance of international jurisdictions was presented and resulted in multiple international dispute settlement proceedings.
Within the past decade, investors of Yukos launched proceedings before the Permanent Court of Arbitration by Energy Charter Treaty, and argued that Russia had violated its obligation under European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedom. In the parallel international adjudication of Yukos, it turns out that the investment treaty tribunals and the human rights courts are the complementary relationship, offering diverse perspectives of international legal pluralism, also in aiming to balance human rights protection against investor interests and host state sovereignty.
Although the development of economic often repressed social rights, the international investment law evolving has led to concerns not just the economic efficiency but also the rights for society. The investment treaty clauses achieve the balance after the case of Yukos, such as the United Nations Guidelines for Business and Human Rights, and The Hague Commercial and Human Rights Arbitration Rules.
Recently, the concept of sustainable concept for implementing economic and human rights in international investment law has been developed. And after the Yukos case, contemporary international law concerning not just the efficiency of development but more human rights perspective. Development of economic should not sacrifice the minority rights, in contrast, it should embedded in the equal concern in social benefits and economic efficiency.
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二、外文文獻
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(四)網路資料
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
法律科際整合研究所
107652014
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107652014
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 許耀明zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Hsu, Yao-Mingen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 邱鴻zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chiou, Hongen_US
dc.creator (作者) 邱鴻zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chiou, Hongen_US
dc.date (日期) 2021en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-Sep-2021 17:06:40 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-Sep-2021 17:06:40 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Sep-2021 17:06:40 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0107652014en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/136992-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 法律科際整合研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 107652014zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 國際投資法旨在促進和保護外國投資人與投資事項，主要由國際法原則與地主國的法律所構成，使國際法與國內法間得以相互適用，但卻也模糊了傳統的國際公法與國際私法的區分。本文以Yukos案為例，描述現今國際投資條約中的管轄權適用爭議，以及涉及爭端解決程序時，能源憲章條約的暫時適用條款對管轄權歸屬造成的影響。
本文首先從海牙常設仲裁法院與歐洲人權法院之判決分析本案始末，並透過國際投資法與國際人權法規範適用比較，觀察國際法體系多元性。從投資者角度來說，能源投資涉及長期風險；對地主國來說，在吸引外資的同時應如何行使國家監管權力。透過Yukos案，可觀察不同國際裁判機構如何在此二者間取得平衡，Yukos案亦因此成為國際投資法之重要案例。
透過Yukos案可發現經濟發展並不必然壓迫社會權利，而如何取得經濟與人權間的平衡，亦是國際法近年討論熱點。例如聯合國商業與人權指導規則與海牙商業與人權仲裁規則，皆在國際投資法概念中規劃了國際人權法之適用，指出在發展經濟的同時，應實踐人權保護，使經濟與社會權利間維持永續之關係。
國際投資法之發展展現了社會權利與經濟權利間之互動。在Yukos案後，冀望國際間之經濟發展不只關注投資之獲益，而係將經濟發展立基於人權與社會權利之保障，展現經濟與人權間的合作與相互影響。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) International investment law is designed to promote and protect the activities of private foreign investors, and the distinction between international law and domestic law becoming blurred by the modern regime of foreign investment law. The purpose of this article is to consider the case of Yukos, in which emphasizes the conflict and appliance of international jurisdictions was presented and resulted in multiple international dispute settlement proceedings.
Within the past decade, investors of Yukos launched proceedings before the Permanent Court of Arbitration by Energy Charter Treaty, and argued that Russia had violated its obligation under European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedom. In the parallel international adjudication of Yukos, it turns out that the investment treaty tribunals and the human rights courts are the complementary relationship, offering diverse perspectives of international legal pluralism, also in aiming to balance human rights protection against investor interests and host state sovereignty.
Although the development of economic often repressed social rights, the international investment law evolving has led to concerns not just the economic efficiency but also the rights for society. The investment treaty clauses achieve the balance after the case of Yukos, such as the United Nations Guidelines for Business and Human Rights, and The Hague Commercial and Human Rights Arbitration Rules.
Recently, the concept of sustainable concept for implementing economic and human rights in international investment law has been developed. And after the Yukos case, contemporary international law concerning not just the efficiency of development but more human rights perspective. Development of economic should not sacrifice the minority rights, in contrast, it should embedded in the equal concern in social benefits and economic efficiency.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 14
第一節 研究動機 14
第二節 研究目的 16
第三節 研究範圍 17
第四節 文獻回顧 18
第五節 研究方法及章節安排 19
第二章 常設仲裁法院 YUKOS 案述評 21
第一節 YUKOS 仲裁案 21
第一項 常設仲裁法院 21
第一款 常設仲裁法院簡介 21
第二款 仲裁規則簡述 24
第三款 Yukos 案所採用的聯合國國際貿易法委員會仲裁規則 27
第四款 Yukos 投資人向常設仲裁法院聲請仲裁 29
第二項 Yukos 仲裁案 30
第一款 案件事實 30
第二款 2009 年仲裁判斷 32
第三款 2014 年賠償判斷 37
第二節 YUKOS案中能源憲章條約適用分析 41
第一項 Yukos 案中能源憲章條約爭議 41
第一款 能源憲章條約第 45 條條約暫時適用 41
第二款 能源憲章條約第 17 條拒絕授予利益條款(Denial-of- benefits clause) 46
第三款 能源憲章條約中的間接徵收與直接徵收 47
第四款 能源憲章條約第 26(3)(b)(i)條叉路條款(Fork- in-the-road provision) 49
第五款 否定俄羅斯不潔之手(Unclean hands)的主張 50
第二項 能源憲章條約簡介與俄羅斯簽署能源憲章條約背景 52
第一款 歐洲能源憲章與能源憲章條約 52
第二款 能源憲章條約的爭端解決機制 53
第三款 參與成員與組織架構 54
第四款 俄羅斯與能源憲章條約 54
第三項 Yukos 案中能源憲章條約適用反思 58
第一款 Yukos 仲裁案小結 58
第二款 Yukos 案之於俄羅斯 60
第三節 常設仲裁法院判斷評析 60
第一項 Yukos 案彰顯的俄羅斯投資環境爭議 60
第二項 聯合國國際貿易法委員會仲裁判斷之執行 63
第三項 Yukos 案對國際投資法影響 64
第四節 俄羅斯在荷蘭之上訴 67
第一項 俄羅斯在海牙地方法庭提起上訴 67
第二項 2016 年荷蘭海牙地方法院裁判評析 69
第一款 能源憲章條約管轄權爭議 69
第二款 撤銷常設仲裁法院仲裁判斷對國際法的影響 70
第三款 本案最新進展 71
第五節 小結 72
第三章 YUKOS 案中的人權爭端 73
第一節 背景事實 74
第一項 歐洲人權公約與歐洲人權法院 74
第二項 歐洲人權法院 75
第三項 歐洲人權公約第 14 號議定書的個人申訴 77
第四項 俄羅斯參與歐洲人權公約 80
第五項 Yukos 集團與關係人向歐洲人權法院申訴 82
第一款 OAO Neftyanaya Kompaniya v. Russia 83
第一目 ECHR 第 6 條的違反 84
第二目 歐洲人權公約第 1 號議定書第 1 條與相關規範 86
第三目 按第 41 條予申訴人補償 89
第二款 Khodorkovskiy v. Russia 90
第一目 第 3 條禁止酷刑與不人道之行為 91
第二目 第5條享有人身自由與安全之權利 92
第三款 Khodorkovskiy and Lebedev v. Russia 96
第一目 Khodorkovskiy and Lebedev v. Russia(No.1) 97
第二目 Khodorkovskiy and Lebedev v. Russia(No.2) 99
第二節 歐洲人權公約下俄羅斯的義務 101
第一項 Yukos 案中歐洲人權公約之適用 101
第二項 國際公約在俄羅斯憲法中的重要性 105
第三項 俄羅斯作出修憲案 106
第四項 2016 年威尼斯委員會建議 108
第三節 俄羅斯與歐洲人權法院 109
第一項 俄羅斯因歐洲人權公約之轉變 109
第二項 歐洲人權法院之布萊頓宣言 111
第三項 俄羅斯之人權發展 113
第四節 俄羅斯與歐洲理事會 115
第一項 合作抑或疏離 115
第二項 俄羅斯人權的未來與挑戰 118
第五節 小結 119
第四章 國際投資法與國際人權法之交錯適用 121
第一節 YUKOS 案彰顯之國際規範衝突可能 121
第一項 國際裁判機構間判斷差異 121
第二項 常設仲裁法院和歐洲人權法院:競爭抑或合作 124
第二節 國際投資法中納入人權規範的考量 128
第一項 國際投資法中的人權思維 128
第二項 國際人權法規範在國際投資法的多元發展 130
第一款 國際投資條約 130
第二款 投資人對地主國爭端解決機制中的國際人權規範 132
第一目 投資人 133
第二目 地主國 134
第三目 法庭之友 135
第四目 仲裁庭依職權提出 136
第三款 海牙常設仲裁法院之商業人權法規範 137
第三項 歐洲人權公約下經濟權保護 139
第三節 國際人權法適用之界線 140
第一項 國際人權法規範在國際投資法領域中適用 140
第二項 國際投資法中國際人權規範適用極限 141
第三項 投資仲裁中可採取的人權保護措施 143
第四節 國家規制權與人權 144
第一項 國家的人權保護義務 144
第二項 Yukos 仲裁判斷於俄羅斯執行情況 147
第五節 小結 149
第五章 俄羅斯投資環境與能源政策 151
第一節 俄羅斯能源政策發展 151
第一項 能源技術發展與外國投資人保護 151
第二項 俄羅斯聯邦 2035 年能源戰略 154
第三項 俄羅斯建立大歐亞計畫 155
第二節 能源憲章條約下之管線過境爭議 157
第一項 能源憲章條約下的運輸自由 157
第二項 Yukos 案後俄羅斯的外國投資 160
第三節 歐洲國家與俄羅斯 161
第一項 歐盟與俄羅斯能源關係 161
第二項 未來能源政策發展 163
第四節 小結 165
第六章 結論 166
參考文獻 169
一、中文文獻 169
二、外文文獻 171		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 3340583 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107652014en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Yukoszh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 投資仲裁zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國際商事法zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國際人權法zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 歐盟zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 俄羅斯zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 能源貿易zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Yukosen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Investment arbitrationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) International commercial lawen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) International human rights lawen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) European Unionen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Russiaen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Energy tradeen_US
dc.title (題名) 國際能源訴訟之管轄權、規範衝突與投資人權益保障：以Yukos案為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Jurisdiction, Conflicts of Norms and Investor Protection in International Energy Litigation: A Case Study of Yukosen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文文獻
(一)專書
李貴英(2004)。國際投資法專論——國際投資爭端之解決。台北市：元照。
藍瀛芳(2018)。比較的仲裁法（上）（下）。台北市：元照。
林彩瑜(2013)。WTO制度與實踐——世界貿易組織法律研究（三）。台北市：元照。
Jack Donnelly著，江素慧譯(2007)。普世人權：理論與實踐。台北市：巨流。

(二)期刊論文
李貴英、鄭昀欣(2017)。能源憲章條約下投資爭端解決機制之研究——以徵收問題為例，貿易政策論叢，第28期，頁191-228。
李貴英(2013)。論歐洲聯盟國際投資政策之法律規範，歐美研究。第42卷第2期，頁339-389。
李貴英(2003)。「法庭之友」參與國際經貿爭端解決程序之研析，東吳大學法律學報。第15卷第1期，頁73-116。
李貴英(2002)。能源憲章條約與國際投資爭端解決之研究，東吳大學法律學報。第14卷第2期，頁143-186。
林韋仲(2020)。荷蘭2019年雙邊投資條約範本之法律分析——投資者權利與地主國公共利益的平衡，中正財金法學。第21期，頁1-95。
林韋仲(2020)。論臺灣之國際投資協定——以新南向政策下締結之雙邊投資協定為中心，國立中正大學法學集刊。第69期，頁187-237。
高啟中(2016)。跨太平洋夥伴協定下的投資人對地主國仲裁機制──以ICSID與UNCITRAL仲裁程序之比較為中心，科技法學評論。第13卷第2期，頁47-93。
吳建輝(2014)。歐盟作為規則產生者：以其在能源憲章公約之參與為例，歐美研究。第3期，頁239-304。
許耀明(2004)。歐盟統一國際私法之發展－以「管轄權規則」與「契約準據法公約」為例，月旦法學雜誌。第110期，頁93-110。
許耀明(2012)。國際習慣法、絕對法與國家豁免，月旦法學教室。第116期，頁36-38。
翁燕菁(2015)。歐洲人權公約第3條與嚴重系統性歧視：私人關係中的非人道或侮辱待遇，歐美研究。第45卷第4期，頁691-765。
翁燕菁(2013)。不歧視原則之經濟社會權利保障效力：歐洲人權公約當代課題，歐美研究。第43卷第3期，頁637-707。
陳世杰(2017)。國際間仲裁庭秘書角色規範之探討——我國仲裁法制下的觀點，仲裁季刊。第104期，頁77-115。
鄧衍森(2014)。國家單方行為的國際法意義與效力，月旦法學教室。第139期，頁33-35。
藍瀛芳(2015)。專案仲裁與機構仲裁的分野及其不同的程序機制，仲裁季刊。第101 期，頁2-55。

(三)博碩士學位論文
吳子維(2006)。俄羅斯遠東石油管線爭議案之研究——國內、決策層次分析。國立政治大學俄羅斯研究所碩士論文。
張家豪(2011)。俄中貿易關係之研究——葉爾欽與普亭時期之比較。國立政治大學外交研究所碩士論文。
黃意涵(2017)。論國際投資協定國籍安排之爭議——台新彰銀案之管轄權初探。國立政治大學國際經營與貿易學系碩士論文。
程夢珂(2017)。論國際投資仲裁庭與內國法院平衡關係之建構。台灣大學法律學系碩士論文。
熊唯呈(2016)。俄羅斯普亭總統的能源外交分析（2000－2008年）。東吳大學政治學系碩士論文。
鄭昀欣(2012)。能源憲章條約下投資爭端解決機制之研究——以徵收問題為例。東吳大學法律學系碩士論文。

(四)政府或組織報告、出版品
經濟部國際貿易局俄羅斯國家檔案（2021）。

二、外文文獻
(一)專書
Beitz, Charles R. (2009). The Idea of Human Rights. UK: Oxford University Press
Binder, Christina, Kriebaum, Ursula, Reinisch, August & Wittich, Stephan (2009). International Investment Law For The 21st Century: Essays In Honour Of Christoph Schreuer
Dolzer, Rudolf & Schreue, Christoph (2008). Principles of International Investment Law (2nd. Ed.). US: Oxford University Press.
Donnelly, Jack (2005). universal human rights: In the theory and practice (3rd. Ed.). US: Cornell University Press.
Dupuy, Pierre-Marie, Francioni, Francesco & Petersmann, Ernst-Ulrich(2009). Human Rights in International Investment Law and Arbitration. US: Oxford University Press.

(二)期刊論文
Ahdieh, Robert B. & Flemming, H. Forrest (2013). Toward a Jurisprudence of Free Expression in Russia: The European Court of Human Rights, Sub-National Courts, and Intersystemic Adjudication, UCLA Journal of International Law and Foreign Affairs, 18(1), 31-60.
Alekseev, Alexander N., Bogoviz, Aleksei V., Goncharenko, Ludmila P. & Sybachin, Sergey A. (2019). A Critical Review of Russia’s Energy Strategy in the Period until 2035, International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 9(6), 95-102.
Alvarez Sanz, Borja (2017). The Yukos Saga Reloaded: Further Developments in the Interplay between Domestic Legislations and Provisionally Applied Treaties, New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, 49(2), 587-606.
Attard, Robert (2020). The Qualitative Requirements of Tax Law, Three Recent Judgments of the ECtHR, EC Tax Review, 29(3), 137-140.
le Bars, Benoit (2015). Recent Developments in International Energy Dispute Arbitration, Journal of International Arbitration, 32(5), 543-549.
Bartels, Lorand (2013). Human Rights and Sustainable Development Obligations in EU Free Trade Agreements, Legal Issues of Economic Integration, 40(4), 297-313.
Basaran, Halil Rahman (2019). What to Make of the Yukos v. Russia Dispute, Gonzaga Journal of International Law, 22(1), [41]-[viii]
Boute, Anatole (2014). The Protection of Russian Investments in the EU Energy Market: A Case in Support of Russia`s Ratification of the Energy Charter Treaty, ICSID Review-Foreign Investment Law Journal, Oxford University Press, 29(3), 525-547.
Bowring, Bill (2020). Russia and the European Convention (or court) of Human Rights: The End?. Revue Quebecoise de Droit International, 33(Special Issue), 201-218.
Bowring, Bill (2010). The Russian Federation, Protocol No. 14 (and 14bis) , and the Battle for the Soul of the ECHR, Goettingen Journal of International Law, 2(2), 589-618.
Bowring, Bill (2009). Russia and Human Rights: Incompatible Opposites, Goettingen Journal of International Law, 1(2), 257-278.
Bowring, Bill (2000). Russia’s Accession to the Council of Europe and Human Rights: Four Years On, Helsinki Monitor, 11(3), 53-72.
Brown, Chester (2016). Investment Treaty Tribunals and Human Rights Courts: Competitors or Collaborators, Law & Practice of International Courts and Tribunals, 15(2), 287-304.
Brown-Jackson, Maia (2018). Chechnya and Terrorism, Putin and Kadyrov, Fletcher Security Review, 5(1), 84-89.
Cagri Corlu, Huseyin (2018). Russia - The European Union Relation and the Energy Charter Treaty, Necmettin Erbakan Universitesi Hukuk Fakultesi Dergisi, 1(2), 45-73.
Chaisse, Julien (2015). The Treaty Shopping Practice: Corporate Structuring and Restructuring to Gain Access to Investment Treaties and Arbitration, Hastings Business Law Journal, 11(2), 225-306.
Clune, Justin (2014). The Natural Gas Trade between the Russian Federation and the European Union: Power Dynamics, Legal Challenges, and a Country Caught in the Middle, Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business, 35(1), 199-228.
Cuomo, Michael (2012). Security of energy supply in central and south-east europe. European Energy Journal, 2(1), 20-20.
Drake, Evan (2019). Sovereign Immunity for Russia`s Rocket Engines? Enforcing the "Yukos" Award, Brooklyn Journal of International Law, 45(1), 367-402.
Fleig-Goldstein, Rachel M. (2017). The Russian Constitutional Court versus the European Court of Human Rights: How the Strasbourg Court Should Respond to Russia`s Refusal to Executive ECtHR Judgments, Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 56(1), 172-218.
Franck, Susan D. (2005). The Legitimacy Crisis in Investment Treaty Arbitration: Privatizing Publlic International Law through Inconsistent Decisions, Fordham Law Review, 73(4), 1521-1626.
Fry, James D. (2007). International Human Rights Law in Investment Arbitration: Evidence of International Law`s Unity, Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law, 18(1), 77-150.
Giorgetti, Chiara (2015). Horizontal and Vertical Relationships of International Courts and Tribunals: How Do We Address their Competing Jurisdiction? ICSID Review - Foreign Investment Law Journal, 30(1), 98–117.
Giupponi, Belen Olmos (2017). Disentangling Human Rights and Investors` Rights in International Adjudication: The Legacy of the Yukos Cases, Willamette Journal of International Law and Dispute Resolution, 24(2), 127-168.
Gray, Margaret (2013). Human Rights and Labor Solidarity, Labor Studies Journal, 38(3), 259-261.
Hancock, Kathleen J. (2008). Asian Power: Sino-Russian Conflict in Central Asia, Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, 9(1), 49-56.
Henderson, Jane (2018). Russia’s Recent Dealings with the Council of Europe and European Court of Human Rights, European Public Law, 24(3), 393-402.
Ibrahim, Abadir M. (2013). International Trade and Human Rights: An Unfinished Debate, German Law Journal, 14(1), 321-338.
de Jong, Sijbren; Wouters, Jan & Sterkx, Steven (2010). The 2009 Russian-Ukrainian Gas Dispute: Lessons for European Energy Crisis Management after Lisbon, 15, European Foreign Affairs Review, Issue 4, 511-538 (2010)
Karamysheva, Svetlana (2020). Protection of Socio-Economic Rights by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, Constitutional Review (Consrev), 6(1), 1-35.
Kasper, Sebastian (2016). Investor-State Disputes on the Rise: Influencing the Commercial Arbitral World?, The International Journal of Arbitration, Mediation and Dispute Management, 82(4), 391–398.
Kinnear, Meg & Hansen, Robin (2005). The Influence of NAFTA Chapter 11 in the BIT Landscape, U.C. Davis Journal of International Law & Policy, 12(1), 101-120.
Klein, Nicolas (2012). Human Rights and International Investment Law: Investment Protection as Human Right, Goettingen Journal of International Law, 4(1), 179-196.
Kleinheisterkamp, Jan (2015). Investment treaty law and the fear for sovereignty: Transnational challenges and solutions. Modern Law Review, 78(5), 793-825.
Klett, Jonathan (2016). National Interest vs. Foreign Investment-Protecting Parties through ISDS, Tulane Journal of International and Comparative Law, 25(1), 213-238.
Konoplyanik, Andrey A. (2009). Gas Transit in Eurasia: Transit Issues between Russian and the European Union and the Role of the Energy Charter, Journal of Energy and Natural Resources Law, 27(3), 445-486.
Konoplyanik, Andrei & Wälde, Thomas (2006). Energy Charter Treaty and Its Role in International Energy, Journal of Energy & Natural Resources Law, 24(4), 523-558.
Kube, Vivian & Petersmann, Ernst-Ulrich (2016). Human Rights Law in International Investment Arbitration, Asian Journal of WTO and International Health Law and Policy, 11(1), 65-114.
Kratzke, William P.& Titoff, Dmitri (2014). Russia and the WTO: Realpolitik by the Rules of Free Trade, University of Memphis Law Review, 44(3), 633-644.
Landbrecht, Johannes & Wehowsky, Andreas R. (2020). Transnational Coordination of Setting Aside and Enforcement of Arbitral Awards – A New Treaty and Approach to Reconciling the Choice of Remedies Concept, the Judgment Route, and the Approaches to Enforcing Awards Set Aside?`, Journal of International Arbitration, 37(6), 679-719.
Leal-Arcas, Rafael, Ríos, Juan Alemany & Grasso, Costantino (2015). The European Union and its energy security challenges: engagement through and with networks, Contemporary Politics, 21(3), 273-293.
Leal-Arcas, Rafael (2009). The EU and Russia as Energy Trading Partners: Friends or Foes?, European Foreign Affairs Review, 14(3), 337-366.
Lisitsa, Valeriy Nikolayevich (2018). Responsibility of a Host State in Transnational Investment Disputes, Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics (JARLE), 9(1), 139-146.
Liu, Guiqiang (2020). Limitation Period for the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, Indian Journal of Arbitration Law, 9(1), 95-120.
Martinico, Giuseppe (2016). When courts respectfully disagree: How national courts disobey the ecthr. Inter-American and European Human Rights Journal, 9(1), 244-259.
McCarthy, Conor (2016). The Problems of Fragmentation and Diversification in the Resolution of Complex International Claims - OAO Neftyanaya Kompaniya Yukos v Russia, Journal of World Investment & Trade, 17(1), 140-147.
Morss, John R. (2011). Pluralism in International Law: Warnings, Opportunities, and Queries, Harmony and Dissonance in International Legal Theory, American Society of International Law Proceedings, 105,459-462.
Mustafa, Ghulam & Manan, Abdul (2007). Odd Triangle & Pipeline Diplomacy, Journal of Law and Society (University of Peshawar), 36(49), 63-76.
Niebruegge, Alex M. (2007). Provisional Application of the Energy Charter Treaty: The Yukos Arbitration and the Future Place of Provisional Application in International Law, Chicago Journal of International Law, 8(1), 355-376.
Ole Gunnar Austvik, Carolina Lembo, `EU-Russian Gas Trade and the Shortcomings of International Law`, (2017), 51, Journal of World Trade, Issue 4, pp. 645-674.
Orlova, Alexandra V. (2018). Sovereignty, Dissent, and the Shaping of International Consensus around Human Rights: An Examination of Russian Disengagement from the European Court of Human Rights, Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law, 35(3), 435-468.
Ortner, Daniel (2016). Conscientious Offenders: Russia`s Ban on Extremist Religious Literature, and the European Court of Human Rights, Virginia Journal of International Law, 56(1), 147-182.
Park, William W. & Yanos, Alexander A. (2006). Treaty Obligations and National Law: Emerging Conflicts in International Arbitration, Hastings Law Journal, 58(2), 251-298.
Petersmann, Ernst-Ulrich (2020). Can Innovation of Human Rights Enhance Justice and Social Legitimacy in Investment Adjudication?, Indian Journal of International Economic Law, 12, 58-105.
Provost, Rene (2015). Teetering on the Edge of Legal Nihilism: Russia and the Evolving European Human Rights Regime, Human Rights Quarterly, 37(2), 289-340.
Riffel, Christian (2020). Does investor-state dispute settlement discriminate against nationals?. German Law Journal, 21(2), 197-222.
Santacroce, Fabio Giuseppe (2019). The Applicability of Human Rights Law in International Investment Disputes , ICSID Review - Foreign Investment Law Journal, 34(1), 136–155.
Sewalk, Stephen (2016). The EU Should Merge Energy and Environmental Policy to Achieve Energy Independence from Russia, Denver Journal of International Law & Policy, 45(1), 51-96.
Serhan, Lena U. (2016). Arbitration unbound: How the yukos oil decision yields uncertainty for international-investment arbitration. Texas Law Review, 95(1),101-122.
Shokhin, Sergey & Kudryashova, Ekaterina (2019). Macroeconomic Coordination in the Eurasian Economic Union: Strategic Aspects, Russian Law Journal, 7(3), 38-52.
Simon-Pearson, Wendy (2018). One Belt, One Road, One Treaty: China`s Energy Security and the Energy Charter Treaty, George Washington Journal of Energy and Environmental Law, 9(2), 112-125.
Singla, Tania (2020). Multilateral Framework for Investment Protection: The Missing Piece in the Puzzle of ISDS Reform?. NLUD Journal of Legal Studies (National Law University Delhi), 2, 131-163.
Summers, Clyde (1999). NAFTA`s Labor Side Agreement and International Labor Standards, Journal of Small and Emerging Business Law, 3(1), 173-188.
Taillant, Jorge Daniel and Bonnitcha, Jonathan M. (2011). International investment law and human rights, Sustainable Development in World Investment Law, Kluwer Law International, 53-80.
Tracking Current Developments in International Law (2011). ILSA Quarterly, 20(1), 4-11.
Trochev, Alexei (2009). All Appeals Lead to Strasbourg? Unpacking the Impact of the EuropeanCourt of Human Rights on Russia, Wisconsin Law School, Legal Studies Research Paper Series Paper, 1082, 144-178.
Waltrip, Jason M. (2008). The Russian Oil and Gas Industry after Yukos: Outlook for Foreign Investment, Transnational Law & Contemporary Problems, 17(2), 575-602.
Wasilewski, Aleksander (2004). Natural Gas in Russia`s Foreign Policy, Polish Quarterly of International Affairs, 13(1), 89-113.
Winkler, Matteo M. (2006). Arbitration without Privity and Russian Oil: The Yukos Case before the Houston Court, University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Economic Law, 27(1), 115-154.
Wyllie, Candice A. (2010). Comparative Analysis of Nondiscrimination in Multilateral Agreements; North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), Energy Charter Treaty (ECT), and General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), Willamette Journal of International Law and Dispute Resolution, 18(1), 64-108.
Young, Steven C (2016). Foreign Direct Investment Disputes with Unrecognized States: FDI Arbitration in Kosovo, Journal of International Arbitration, 33(5), 501-523.
溝端佐登史（2004）。グローバリゼーションのなかの北東アジアとロシア企業——ユコス事件の開発に及ぼす影響，北東アジア研究，7，133-157。
マステパノフ アレクセイ（2017）。「2035年までのロシアのエネルギー戦略」草案の運命，ERINA report plus，137，11-18。
Piotr Szwedo(2010)。Case Comment: (Former) Yukos v. Russian Federation before the Permanent Court of Arbitration，神戶大学大学院国際協力研究科国際協力論集，18(2)。
忠淳毛利（2012）。天然ガス供給安定のための国際法規範：エネルギー憲章条約に対抗するロシア提案の意義，神戶大学大学院国際協力研究科国際協力論集，20(1)。

(三)政府或組織報告、出版品
Assembly debate on 25 January 2005 (3rd Sitting), Doc.10368, report of the Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights, Parliamentary assembly, Council of Europe.
Brighton Declaration: High Level Conference on the Future of the European Court of Human Rights (2012), Council of Europe.
Case No. 2020-07 Procedural Order No. 2 (2020). Permanent Court of Arbitration.
Energy Charter Secretariat Knowledge Centre (2014). Risks and Benefits for the Russian Federation from Participating in the Energy Charter: Comprehensive Analysis.
Execution of the judgment of the European Court of Human Rights OAO Neftyanaya kompaniya Yukos against Russian Federation, Interim Resolution CM/ResDH(2020). Adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 1 October 2020 at the 1383rd meeting of the Ministers` Deputies.
Fenton Krysiek, Timothy (2007). Agreements from Another Era Production Sharing Agreements in Putin’s Russia (2000-2007), Oxford Institute for Energy Studies.
Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: Implementing the United Nations ‘Protect, Respect and Remedy’ Framework (2011). The Human Rights Council, United Nations.
Henderson, James (2019). The Globalization of Russian Gas, Political and Commercial Catalysts, Natural Gas Research Program, Oxford Institute for Energy Studies (OIES).
Press country profile of Russia (2020). European Court of Human Rights.
Russian Federation Final Opinion On The Amendments To The Federal Constitutional Law On The Constitutional Court (2016). Opinion no. 832/2015, Venice Commission at its 107th Plenary Session.
The Hague Rules on Business and Human Rights Arbitration (2019). Peace Palace in The Hague.
The New Deal for Oil Markets: implications for Russia’s short-term tactics and long-term strategy (2020), The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies.
Quaterly Reporton on European Gas Markets: with focus on the impact of global LNG markets on EU gas imports (2019). Market Observatory for Energy, 12(4), Directorate-General for Energy.

(四)網路資料
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dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202101461en_US