學術產出-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

Citation Infomation

題名 探討泰國廣告企劃中訊息設計的文化性考量
Cultural considerations in message development for advertising campaigns in Thailand
作者 王蘭香
Songjaroen, Kannaporn
貢獻者 鄭怡卉
I-Huei, Cheng
王蘭香
Songjaroen, Kannaporn
關鍵詞 泰國
廣告
廣告公司
文化價值
Thailand
Cultural values
advertising development process
advertising
advertising agency
日期 2021
上傳時間 2-Sep-2021 17:12:56 (UTC+8)
摘要 泰國作為一個在美容行業有著龐大消費支出的國家,本研究旨在通過文化價值的視角來研究泰國的美容廣告行業,以及這些價值如何被納入到廣告發想的過程。本文根據Hofstede的文化向度理論檢視文化價值,並採用了訪談和文本分析的混合方法進行研究。本研究共採訪9位廣告從業者以瞭解其廣告發展過程,並分析了廣告以探究廣告作品如何反映出這些文化價值。

根據研究結果,在泰國的廣告公司中,並不存在有別于傳統廣告開發過程的特殊過程。不過,在與全球和本地客戶接洽時,兩者仍有所區別。此外,每個廣告公司都因組織環境的不同而產生自己的企業文化。泰國廣告反映了文化價值的所有五個維度:權力距離、個人主義、男性化、不確定性規避、長短期取向。在整個廣告開發過程中,泰國廣告從業者都意識到了這些文化價值,每個維度都被以一種和社會文化價值一致的方式來表現和刻畫。無論廣告公司源自何處,重點仍在於他們在何處經營。
As the country with huge spending for beauty industry, this research aims to examine Thailand’s beauty advertising industry via the lens of cultural values and how these values were incorporated into the ad development process. Cultural values were examined based on Hofstede`s Cultural Dimensions and a mixed-method approach of interview and textual analysis were used. Nine ads practitioners were interviewed to understand the process and xx ads were analyzed to investigate the reflection of these cultural values into the final ad product.
According to the findings, there is no special process in Thai advertising agencies that distinct from the conventional advertising development process. There is, nevertheless, a difference between dealing with global and local clients. Additionally, each agency has its own corporate culture, which varies depending on the organizational environment. Thai advertising reflects all five dimensions of cultural values through advertisements: power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, and long and short-term orientation. Throughout the ad development process, Thai advertising practitioners are aware of these cultural values, with each dimension tending to be portrayed in the same manner as the society’s cultural values. Regardless of where the agency originated from, it’s where they are operating matters the most
參考文獻 Advertising Association of Thailand (AAT). (2002). Annual report. http://www.adassothai.com
Akaka, M. A., & Alden, D. L. (2010). Global brand positioning and perceptions. International Journal of Advertising, 29(1), 37–56. https://doi.org/10.2501/s0265048709201026
Albers, N. D. (1994). Relating hofstede’s dimensions of culture to international variations in print advertisements: A comparison of appeals. Faculty of the College of Business Administration University of Houston.
Alden, D. L., Hoyer, W. D., & Lee, C. (1993). Identifying Global and Culture-Specific Dimensions of Humor in Advertising: A Multinational Analysis. Journal of Marketing, 57(2), 64–75. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299305700205
Amabile, T. M. (1996). Creativity In Context: Update To The Social Psychology Of Creativity (New edition). Routledge.
Anantachart, S., (2007). Development of Asian Advertising - Thailand. Asian Advertising 2007 (pp. 102–108). Seoul: Asia Federation of Advertising Associations (AFAA).
Arens, W., Weigold, M., & Arens, C. (2010). Contemporary Advertising (13th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Ariztia, T. (2013). Unpacking insight: How consumers are qualified by advertising agencies. Journal of Consumer Culture, 15(2), 143–162. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540513493204
Backer, B. (1993). The Care and Feeding of Ideas (1st ed.). Crown.
Bangkok Post. (2019). Foreign films catching on to tax rebate. Https://Www.Bangkokpost.Com. https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/1635794/foreign-films-catching-on-to-tax-rebate
Bangkok Post. (2021). Ad spending projected for 10% growth. https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/2051171/ad-spending-projected-for-10-growth
Barron, S. (1998). Making the Thais laugh the phenomenal success of Thai advertising can be put down to the professionalism of the industry. Sawasdee, 27 (September). 36-39.
Baskin, M. (2010). How to write a creative agency brief. Warm Best Practice, 36–37.
Beard, F. (1996). Integrated marketing communications: New role expectations and performance issues in the client-ad agency relationship. Journal of Business Research, 37(3), 207–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0148-2963(96)00071-9
Belch, G. E. (2007). Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective (7th Edition). Irwin/McGraw-Hill.
Belch, G. E., & Belch, M. A. (1990). Introduction to Advertising and Promotion Management. Irwin Professional Publishing.
Belk, R. W., & Pollay, R. W. (1985). MATERIALISM AND STATUS APPEALS IN JAPANESE AND US PRINT ADVERTISING. International Marketing Review, 2(4), 38–47. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb008290
Berg, B. L., & Lune, H. (2011). Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences (8th Edition) (8th ed.). Pearson.
Bernardin, T., Kemp-Robertson, P., Stewart, D. W., Cheng, Y., Wan, H., Rossiter, J. R., Erevelles, S., Roundtree, R., Zinkhan, G. M., & Fukawa, N. (2008). Envisioning the Future of Advertising Creativity Research: Alternative Perspectives. Journal of Advertising, 37(4), 131–150. https://doi.org/10.2753/joa0091-3367370411
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Burgoyne, E. (2009). how the agency works. Adsubculture. https://theadvertisingindustry.files.wordpress.com/2014/04/80dc6-1236049843493.pdf
Burgoyne, E. (2013). How the agency works 2.0. Adsubculture. https://issuu.com/adsubculture/docs/ad_agency_process_2.01
Cagley, J. W., & Roberts, R. (1984). Criteria for advertising agency selection: An objective appraisal. Journal of Advertising Research, 24(2), 27–31.
Chang, T. K., Huh, J., McKinney, K., Sar, S., Wei, W., & Schneeweis, A. (2009). Culture and Its Influence on Advertising. International Communication Gazette, 71(8), 671–692. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048509345063
Cheong, Y., Kim, K., & Zheng, L. (2010). Advertising appeals as a reflection of culture: a cross-cultural analysis of food advertising appeals in China and the US. Asian Journal of Communication, 20(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/01292980903440848
Chirapravati, M. L. V. (1996). The blossoming of advertising in Thailand. In K. Firth (Ed.), Advertising in Asia (pp.223-240). Ames: Iowa State University Press.
Ciochetto, L. (2006). The Dynamics of Contemporary Advertising in Thailand. Media Asia, 33(3–4), 185–191. https://doi.org/10.1080/01296612.2006.11726830
Cook, W. A., & Kover, A. J. (1998). Research and the meaning of advertising effectiveness : Mutual misunderstandings. In Measuring Advertising Effectiveness (pp. 13–20). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ.
Crosier, K., Grant, I., & Gilmore, C. (2003). Account planning in Scottish advertising agencies: a discipline in transition. Journal of Marketing Communications, 9(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/1352726022000013376
Cui, G., & Yang, X. (2009). Responses of Chinese Consumers to Sex Appeals in International Advertising: A Test of Congruency Theory. Journal of Global Marketing, 22(3), 229–245. https://doi.org/10.1080/08911760902845031
Czarnecka, B., Brennan, R., & Keles, S. (2017). Cultural Meaning, Advertising, and National Culture: A Four-Country Study. Journal of Global Marketing, 31(1), 4–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/08911762.2017.1376364
DAAT & Kantar insight Thailand. (2019). Thailand Digital Advertising Spend 2018-2019 (Rep.).
Dahlén, M., Rosengren, S., & Törn, F. (2008). Advertising Creativity Matters. Journal of Advertising Research, 48(3), 392–403. https://doi.org/10.2501/s002184990808046x
Damanpour, F. (1991). Organizational Innovation: A Meta-Analysis Of Effects Of Determinants and Moderators. Academy of Management Journal, 34(3), 555–590. https://doi.org/10.5465/256406
de Mooij, M. (2009). Global marketing and advertising: Understanding cultural paradoxes (Third ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc.
de Mooij, M. (2015). Cross-cultural research in international marketing: clearing up some of the confusion. International Marketing Review, 32(6), 646–662. https://doi.org/10.1108/imr-12-2014-0376
de Mooij, M., & Hofstede, G. (2010). The Hofstede model. International Journal of Advertising, 29(1), 85–110. https://doi.org/10.2501/s026504870920104x
de Waal Malefyt, T., & Morais, R. J. (2010). Creativity, brands, and the ritual process: Confrontation and resolution in advertising agencies. Culture and Organization, 16(4), 333–347. https://doi.org/10.1080/14759551.2010.519927
Dimofte, C. V., Goodstein, R. C., & Brumbaugh, A. M. (2014). A social identity perspective on aspirational advertising: Implicit threats to collective self‐esteem and strategies to overcome them. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 25(3), 416–430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2014.12.001
Dow, D. (2006). Adaptation and performance in foreign markets: evidence of systematic under-adaptation. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(2), 212–226. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400189
Downe‐Wamboldt, B. (1992). Content analysis: Method, applications, and issues. Health Care for Women International, 13(3), 313–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399339209516006
Ducoffe, R. H., & Curlo, E. (2000). Advertising value and advertising processing. Journal of Marketing Communications, 6(4), 247–262. https://doi.org/10.1080/135272600750036364
Eagle, L., & Kitchen, P. J. (2000). IMC, brand communications, and corporate cultures. European Journal of Marketing, 34(5/6), 667–686. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560010321983
Engholm, C. (1991). When Business East Meets Business West: The Guide to Practice and Protocol in the Pacific Rim (1st ed.). Wiley.
Escolar, R. E. (2008). Ad-ding it all up: Identifying the thai advertising industry’s success drivers. Chazen Web Journal of International Business. Published. https://www0.gsb.columbia.edu/mygsb/faculty/research/pubfiles/3145/Ad-ding%20It%20All%20Up_Identifying%20the%20Thai%20Advertising%20Industrys%20Success%20Drivers.pdf
Euromonitor International. (2019). Beauty and Personal Care in Thailand. https://www.euromonitor.com/beauty-and-personal-care-in-thailand/report
Finlay, L. (2018, February 10). The Wonderful World of Thai Advertising. Culture Trip. https://theculturetrip.com/asia/thailand/articles/wonderful-world-thai-advertising/
Gabriel, H., Kottasz, R., & Bennett, R. (2006). Advertising planning, ad‐agency use of advertising models, and the academic practitioner divide. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 24(5), 505–527. https://doi.org/10.1108/02634500610682890
Goffman, E., & Gornick, V. (1979). Gender Advertisements (1st ed.). Harper & Row, Publishers.
Gotthelf, K. (2004). National pride in thailand advertising : A shift in spokesperson choice. Asian Market Research News. http://www.asiamarketresearch.com/news/000276.html
Gram, M. (2007). Whiteness and Western Values in Global Advertisements: An Exploratory Study. Journal of Marketing Communications, 13(4), 291–309. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527260701359272
Grau, S. L., & Zotos, Y. C. (2016). Gender stereotypes in advertising: a review of current research. International Journal of Advertising, 35(5), 761–770. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2016.1203556
Gupta, A. S., & De, S. (2007). Changing Trends of Cultural Values in Advertising. Psychology and Developing Societies, 19(1), 113–123. https://doi.org/10.1177/097133360701900105
Hackley, C. (2003). From consumer insight to advertising strategy: the account planner’s integrative role in creative advertising development. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 21(7), 446–452. https://doi.org/10.1108/02634500310504296
Hackley, C. E. (1998). Social constructionism and research in marketing and advertising. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 1(3), 125–131. https://doi.org/10.1108/13522759810235188
Haley, E., Taylor, R., & Morrison, M. (2014). How Advertising Creatives Define Excellent Planning. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 35(2), 167–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641734.2014.900271
Hofstede, G. (2010). [cultures and organizations: Software of the mind, third edition] [by: Hofstede, geert] [may, 2010]. McGraw-Hill Education.
Holstein, J. A., & Gubrium, J. F. (2003). Inside Interviewing: New Lenses, New Concerns (1st ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc.
Hong, J. W., Muderrisoglu, A., & Zinkhan, G. M. (1987). Cultural Differences and Advertising Expression: A Comparative Content Analysis of Japanese and U.S. Magazine Advertising. Journal of Advertising, 16(1), 55–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.1987.10673061
House,R. J., Hanges,P. J., Javidan, M.,Dorfman, P.W., & Gupta, V. (Eds.). (2004). Culture, leadership, and organisations : The GLOBE study of 62 societies. London, England: Sage Publications.
Inglehart, R., & Baker, W. E. (2000). Modernization, Cultural Change, and the Persistence of Traditional Values. American Sociological Review, 65(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.2307/2657288
International Trade Administration (ITA). (2019). Thailand - Market Overview. International Trade Administration | Trade.Gov. https://www.trade.gov/knowledge-product/thailand-market-overview?section-nav=2685
Jamieson, K. H., & Campbell, K. K. (2005). The Interplay of Influence: News, Advertising, Politics, and the Internet (with InfoTrac) (6th ed.). Wadsworth Publishing.
Ketudat, S., Textor, R. B., Klausner, W. J., Ladavalya, B. M. L., & Prabudhanitisarn, S. (1991). The Middle Path for the Future of Thailand: Technology in Harmony With Culture and Environment. Chiang Mai University.
Khairullah, D. H. Z., & Khairullah, Z. Y. (2003). Dominant Cultural Values. Journal of Global Marketing, 16(1–2), 47–70. https://doi.org/10.1300/j042v16n01_03
Koslow, S., Sasser, S. L., & Riordan, E. A. (2006). Do Marketers Get The Advertising They Need or The Advertising They Deserve? Agency Views of How Clients Influence Creativity. Journal of Advertising, 35(3), 81–101. https://doi.org/10.2753/joa0091-3367350306
Kover, A. J. (1995). Copywriters’ Implicit Theories of Communication: An Exploration. Journal of Consumer Research, 21(4), 596. https://doi.org/10.1086/209421
Kover, A. J., & Goldberg, S. M. (1995). The games copywriters play: Conflict, quasi-control, a new proposal. Journal of Advertising Research, 35(4), 52–62.
Kover, A. J., James, W. L., & Sonner, B. S. (1997). To whom do advertising creatives write? An inferential answer. Journal of Advertising Research, 37(1), 41–53.
Kunalai, C. (1992). The globalization and thainization in world brand television advertising. Chulalongkorn University, Thailand.
Kwek, S. (2021, July 8). What’s now and what’s next for Thailand’s beauty market. Mintel. https://www.mintel.com/blog/beauty-market-news/whats-now-and-whats-next-for-thailands-beauty-market
La Ferle, C., Edwards, S. M., & Mizuno, Y. (2002). Internet Diffusion in Japan: Cultural Considerations. Journal of Advertising Research, 42(2), 65–79. https://doi.org/10.2501/jar-42-2-65-79
Levin, E., & Lobo, A. (Eds.). (2011). Clients’ expectations of their advertising agencies: Creativity and relationship management. anzmac.org.
Lindkvist, K. (1981). Approaches to textual analysis. In K. E. Rosengren (Ed.),
Advances in content analysis (pp. 23-41). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage
Lowe, G. (2003). Embracing creative excellence with a unique, local flavor.
South China Morning Post. Retrieved from Factiva
Lubart, T. I. (2001). Models of the Creative Process: Past, Present and Future. Creativity Research Journal, 13(3–4), 295–308. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326934crj1334_07
Lynn, M., & Gelb, B. D. (1996). Identifying innovative national markets for technical consumer goods. International Marketing Review, 13(6), 43–57. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651339610151917
Mackay, A. (2005). The Practice of Advertising. Elsevier Gezondheidszorg.
Marshall, R., & Na, W. B. (1994). The Advertising Agency Selection Process. International Journal of Advertising, 13(3), 217–227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.1994.11104577
Martins, E., & Terblanche, F. (2003). Building organisational culture that stimulates creativity and innovation. European Journal of Innovation Management, 6(1), 64–74. https://doi.org/10.1108/14601060310456337
Mason, J. (2018). Qualitative Researching (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications Ltd.
McCracken, G. (1986). Culture and Consumption: A Theoretical Account of the Structure and Movement of the Cultural Meaning of Consumer Goods. Journal of Consumer Research, 13(1), 71. https://doi.org/10.1086/209048
McNair, C. (2018). Global ad spending. Emarketer.
McTavish, D. G., & Pirro, E. B. (1990). Contextual content analysis. Quality and Quantity, 24(3), 245–265. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00139259
Miracle, G.E. (1987) Feel-do-learn: an alternative sequence underlying Japanese consumer response to television commercials, in Feasley, F. (ed.) Proceedings of the1987 Conference of the American Academy of Advertising, USA , pp. R73–R78.
Moon, S. Y., & Chan, K. (2005). Advertising appeals and cultural values in television commercials a comparison of hong kong and korea. International Marketing Review, 22(1), 48–66. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651330510581172
Moorman, C., Zaltman, G., & Deshpande, R. (1992). Relationships between Providers and Users of Market Research: The Dynamics of Trust within and between Organizations. Journal of Marketing Research, 29(3), 314. https://doi.org/10.2307/3172742
Morgan, R. M., & Hunt, S. D. (1994). The Commitment-Trust Theory of Relationship Marketing. Journal of Marketing, 58(3), 20. https://doi.org/10.2307/1252308
Morris, A. (2015). A Practical Introduction to In-depth Interviewing (1st ed.). SAGE Publications Ltd.
Mulder, N. (1996). Inside thai society: Interpretations of everyday life. The Pepin Press, 182–186. https://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/document?id=ao07-060
Na, W., Marshall, R., & Woodside, A. G. (2009). Decision system analysis of advertising agency decisions. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 12(2), 153–170. https://doi.org/10.1108/13522750910948761
Nielsen. (2020). Advertising informational services data. Nielsen Company. http://www.adassothai.com/include/upload/images/th_exp_file/2021021603542981529.pdf
O’Connor, H., Kilgour, M., Koslow, S., & Sasser, S. (2017). Drivers of Creativity Within Advertising Agencies. Journal of Advertising Research, 58(2), 202–217. https://doi.org/10.2501/jar-2017-015
Ogilvy, D. (1985). Ogilvy on Advertising by David Ogilvy(1985–03-12). Vintage.
Okazaki, S., Taylor, C. R., & Zou, S. (2006). Advertising Standardization’s Positive Impact on the Bottom Line: A Model of When and How Standardization Improves Financial and Strategic Performance. Journal of Advertising, 35(3), 17–33. https://doi.org/10.2753/joa0091-3367350302
Pollay, R. W. (1986). The Distorted Mirror: Reflections on the Unintended Consequences of Advertising. Journal of Marketing, 50(2), 18. https://doi.org/10.2307/1251597
Pollitt, S., & Feldwick, P. (2000). Pollitt on Planning. Admap.
Polly, R. W. (1983). Measuring the cultural values manifest in advertising. Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 6(1), 71–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/01633392.1983.10505333
Pongsapitaksanti, P. (2010). A comparison of thai and japanese advertising industries. Japanese Studies Journal, 47–68.
Pope, D. (1983). The making of modern advertising. Basic Books.
Punyapiroje, C., Morrison, M., & Hoy, M. G. (2002). A Nation under the Influence: The Creative Strategy Process for Advertising in Thailand. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 24(2), 51–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641734.2002.10505135
Pyke, A. (2000). It’s all in the brief. Market research society Annual conference, United Kingdom.
Ramanathan, S. (2011). Advertising self-regulation in Asia and Australia. Asian Federation of Advertising Associations and International Advertising Association — Asia Pacific. https://icas.global/wp-content/uploads/2011_04_Ad_SR_Asia_Australia.pdf
Reid, L. N., King, K. W., & Delorme, D. E. (1998). Top-Level Agency Creatives Look at Advertising Creativity Then and Now. Journal of Advertising, 27(2), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.1998.10673549
Rongmuang, D., McElmurry, B. J., McCreary, L. L., Park, C. G., Miller, A. G., & Corte, C. (2010). Regional Differences in Physical Appearance Identity Among Young Adult Women in Thailand. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 33(1), 106–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193945910381762
Runco, M. A. (2004). Creativity. Annual Review of Psychology, 55(1), 657–687. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141502
Santos, J. (2008) In Escolar, E. R. (2016) Ad-ding It All Up: Identifying the Thai Advertising Industry’s Success Drivers. Chazen Web Journal of International Business. Columbia Business School. https://www0.gsb.columbia.edu/mygsb/faculty/research/pubfiles/3145/Ad-ding%20It%20All%20Up_Identifying%20the%20Thai%20Advertising%20Industrys%20Success%20Drivers.pdf
Sherer, P. M. (1995). Emotion with humour: Bergeoning thai ad industry wins kudos for creativity. The Asian Wall Street Journal Weekly. Published.
Shum, S., & Liu, C. (2017). Ad spending in Southeast Asia. Emarketer.
Smith, P. B., Dugan, S., & Trompenaars, F. (1996). National Culture and the Values of Organizational Employees. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 27(2), 231–264. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022196272006
Smith, R. E., Chen, J., & Yang, X. (2008). The Impact of Advertising Creativity on the Hierarchy of Effects. Journal of Advertising, 37(4), 47–62. https://doi.org/10.2753/joa0091-3367370404
Smith, R. E., & Yang, X. (2004). Toward a General Theory of Creativity in Advertising: Examining the Role of Divergence. Marketing Theory, 4(1–2), 31–58. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470593104044086
Sophittakamol (1995) In Chirapravati, M. L. V. (1996). The blossoming of advertising in Thailand. In K. Firth (Ed.), Advertising in Asia (pp.223-240). Ames: Iowa State University Press.
Stuhlfaut, M. W., & Yoo, C. Y. (2013). A tool for evaluating advertising concepts: Desirable characteristics as viewed by creative practitioners. Journal of Marketing Communications, 19(2), 81–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527266.2010.550009
Tan, J. (2018, March 27). “Thai wave” in showbiz poised for big splash in China. Nikkei Asia. https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Business-trends/Thai-wave-showbiz-faces-golden-opportunity-to-court-Chinese-market
Tesch, R. (1990). Qualitative Research Analysis Types And Software Tools: 1st (First) Edition. Taylor & Francis, Inc.
The Nation (1999, November 3). Clients of major agencies were slashing their budgets. Retrieved from Factiva.
Triki, A., Redjeb, N., & Kamoun, I. (2007). Exploring the determinants of success/failure of the advertising agency‐firm relationship. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 10(1), 10–27. https://doi.org/10.1108/13522750710720378
Turnbull, S., & Wheeler, C. (2015). The advertising creative process: A study of UK agencies. Journal of Marketing Communications, 23(2), 176–194. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527266.2014.1000361
Vartanian, O., Bristol, A. S., & Kaufman, J. C. (2016). Neuroscience of creativity. The MIT Press. Published.
Wallas, M. (1945). The Art of Thought. (Abridged Edition.) [Edited by May Wallas.]. C.A. Watts & Company.
Waller, D. S., Cusick, D. J., Matheson, H. D., & Miller, M. K. (2001). Advertising agency activities used to attract new clients in Australia. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 16(2), 129–140. https://doi.org/10.1108/08858620110384150
Warc. (1999). The Gunn Report (1999). https://archive.gunnreport.com
Warc. (2018). The Gunn Report (2018). https://archive.gunnreport.com
Will, J. R. (1992). Winning new business: An analysis of advertising agency activities. Journal of Advertising Research, 32(5), 10–16.
Wilson, M. (2010). Advertising services in australia. IBISWorld.
Winterich, K. P., Gangwar, M., & Grewal, R. (2018). When Celebrities Count: Power Distance Beliefs and Celebrity Endorsements. Journal of Marketing, 82(3), 70–86. https://doi.org/10.1509/jm.16.0169
Zandpour, F., Campos, V., Catalano, J., Chang, C., Young Dae Cho, & Shu Fang Jiang. (1994). Global reach and local touch: Achieving cultural fitness in TV advertising. Journal of Advertising Research, 34(5), 35–63.
Zhang, Y., & Gelb, B. D. (1996). Matching Advertising Appeals to Culture: The Influence of Products’ Use Conditions. Journal of Advertising, 25(3), 29–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.1996.10673505
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)
106461016
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106461016
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 鄭怡卉zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor I-Huei, Chengen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 王蘭香zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Songjaroen, Kannapornen_US
dc.creator (作者) 王蘭香zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Songjaroen, Kannapornen_US
dc.date (日期) 2021en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-Sep-2021 17:12:56 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-Sep-2021 17:12:56 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Sep-2021 17:12:56 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0106461016en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/137004-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 106461016zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 泰國作為一個在美容行業有著龐大消費支出的國家,本研究旨在通過文化價值的視角來研究泰國的美容廣告行業,以及這些價值如何被納入到廣告發想的過程。本文根據Hofstede的文化向度理論檢視文化價值,並採用了訪談和文本分析的混合方法進行研究。本研究共採訪9位廣告從業者以瞭解其廣告發展過程,並分析了廣告以探究廣告作品如何反映出這些文化價值。

根據研究結果,在泰國的廣告公司中,並不存在有別于傳統廣告開發過程的特殊過程。不過,在與全球和本地客戶接洽時,兩者仍有所區別。此外,每個廣告公司都因組織環境的不同而產生自己的企業文化。泰國廣告反映了文化價值的所有五個維度:權力距離、個人主義、男性化、不確定性規避、長短期取向。在整個廣告開發過程中,泰國廣告從業者都意識到了這些文化價值,每個維度都被以一種和社會文化價值一致的方式來表現和刻畫。無論廣告公司源自何處,重點仍在於他們在何處經營。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) As the country with huge spending for beauty industry, this research aims to examine Thailand’s beauty advertising industry via the lens of cultural values and how these values were incorporated into the ad development process. Cultural values were examined based on Hofstede`s Cultural Dimensions and a mixed-method approach of interview and textual analysis were used. Nine ads practitioners were interviewed to understand the process and xx ads were analyzed to investigate the reflection of these cultural values into the final ad product.
According to the findings, there is no special process in Thai advertising agencies that distinct from the conventional advertising development process. There is, nevertheless, a difference between dealing with global and local clients. Additionally, each agency has its own corporate culture, which varies depending on the organizational environment. Thai advertising reflects all five dimensions of cultural values through advertisements: power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, and long and short-term orientation. Throughout the ad development process, Thai advertising practitioners are aware of these cultural values, with each dimension tending to be portrayed in the same manner as the society’s cultural values. Regardless of where the agency originated from, it’s where they are operating matters the most
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Chapter 1
Introduction 1
1.1 History of Thai Advertising Industry 2
1.2 Current Situation of Thai Advertising Industry 6
1.3 The Prominence of Beauty Industry in Thai Advertising 7
1.4 Purpose of Study 9
Chapter 2
Literature Review 11
2.1 Advertising Agency 11
2.1.1 Account Services 12
2.1.2 Account Planning 14
2.1.3 Creative Department 16
2.2 Advertising Development Process 17
2.2.1 Briefing Stage 20
2.2.2 Research and Strategy Development Stage 21
2.2.3 Creative Development Stage 23
2.2.4 Advertising Developing Process in Thai Advertising Agency 25
2.3 Cultural Values in Advertising Development 27
2.3.1 The Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions 29
2.3.2 Cultural Values in Thai Advertising 33
Chapter 3
Methodology 36
3.1 In-Depth Interview 36
3.1.1 Interviewees 37
3.1.2 Interview Process 39
3.2 Textual Analysis 40
3.2.1 Samples 41
3.3 Analysis Framework 41
Chapter 4
Result 43
4.1. Advertising Development in Thai Advertising Agency (RQ1) 43
4.1.1 The Corporate Culture of Advertising Agencies in Thailand 43
4.1.2 Advertising Developing Process 46
4.1.3 Clients` influence on the ad development process : Global vs Local 53
4.2 Cultural Values in Thai Advertising Industry (RQ2) 56
4.2.1 Characteristic of Thai Advertisements 56
4.2.2 Current Situation of Thai Beauty Advertisements 59
4.2.3 Cultural Values in Advertising Development 62
4.3 Cultural Values represented in Thai beauty advertisements (RQ3) 75
4.3.1 Commercial 1 75
4.3.2 Commercial 2 77
4.3.3 Commercial 3 80
4.3.4 Commercial 4 83
Chapter 5
Discussions and Conclusion 89
5.1. Finding’s Discussions 89
Advertising Development in Thai Advertising Industry 89
The Corporate Culture of Thai Advertising Agency 90
Thai Advertising Practitioners’ Cultural Values Considerations
in Advertising Development 91
The Portrayal of Cultural Values in Thai Advertisements 94
5.2 Conclusion 96
5.3 Limitations 97
5.4 Suggestions for Future Research 98
Reference 99
Appendix 1 114
Appendix 2 115
zh_TW
dc.format.extent 13241885 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106461016en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 泰國zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 廣告zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 廣告公司zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 文化價值zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Thailanden_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Cultural valuesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) advertising development processen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) advertisingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) advertising agencyen_US
dc.title (題名) 探討泰國廣告企劃中訊息設計的文化性考量zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Cultural considerations in message development for advertising campaigns in Thailanden_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Advertising Association of Thailand (AAT). (2002). Annual report. http://www.adassothai.com
Akaka, M. A., & Alden, D. L. (2010). Global brand positioning and perceptions. International Journal of Advertising, 29(1), 37–56. https://doi.org/10.2501/s0265048709201026
Albers, N. D. (1994). Relating hofstede’s dimensions of culture to international variations in print advertisements: A comparison of appeals. Faculty of the College of Business Administration University of Houston.
Alden, D. L., Hoyer, W. D., & Lee, C. (1993). Identifying Global and Culture-Specific Dimensions of Humor in Advertising: A Multinational Analysis. Journal of Marketing, 57(2), 64–75. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299305700205
Amabile, T. M. (1996). Creativity In Context: Update To The Social Psychology Of Creativity (New edition). Routledge.
Anantachart, S., (2007). Development of Asian Advertising - Thailand. Asian Advertising 2007 (pp. 102–108). Seoul: Asia Federation of Advertising Associations (AFAA).
Arens, W., Weigold, M., & Arens, C. (2010). Contemporary Advertising (13th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Ariztia, T. (2013). Unpacking insight: How consumers are qualified by advertising agencies. Journal of Consumer Culture, 15(2), 143–162. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540513493204
Backer, B. (1993). The Care and Feeding of Ideas (1st ed.). Crown.
Bangkok Post. (2019). Foreign films catching on to tax rebate. Https://Www.Bangkokpost.Com. https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/1635794/foreign-films-catching-on-to-tax-rebate
Bangkok Post. (2021). Ad spending projected for 10% growth. https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/2051171/ad-spending-projected-for-10-growth
Barron, S. (1998). Making the Thais laugh the phenomenal success of Thai advertising can be put down to the professionalism of the industry. Sawasdee, 27 (September). 36-39.
Baskin, M. (2010). How to write a creative agency brief. Warm Best Practice, 36–37.
Beard, F. (1996). Integrated marketing communications: New role expectations and performance issues in the client-ad agency relationship. Journal of Business Research, 37(3), 207–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0148-2963(96)00071-9
Belch, G. E. (2007). Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective (7th Edition). Irwin/McGraw-Hill.
Belch, G. E., & Belch, M. A. (1990). Introduction to Advertising and Promotion Management. Irwin Professional Publishing.
Belk, R. W., & Pollay, R. W. (1985). MATERIALISM AND STATUS APPEALS IN JAPANESE AND US PRINT ADVERTISING. International Marketing Review, 2(4), 38–47. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb008290
Berg, B. L., & Lune, H. (2011). Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences (8th Edition) (8th ed.). Pearson.
Bernardin, T., Kemp-Robertson, P., Stewart, D. W., Cheng, Y., Wan, H., Rossiter, J. R., Erevelles, S., Roundtree, R., Zinkhan, G. M., & Fukawa, N. (2008). Envisioning the Future of Advertising Creativity Research: Alternative Perspectives. Journal of Advertising, 37(4), 131–150. https://doi.org/10.2753/joa0091-3367370411
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Burgoyne, E. (2009). how the agency works. Adsubculture. https://theadvertisingindustry.files.wordpress.com/2014/04/80dc6-1236049843493.pdf
Burgoyne, E. (2013). How the agency works 2.0. Adsubculture. https://issuu.com/adsubculture/docs/ad_agency_process_2.01
Cagley, J. W., & Roberts, R. (1984). Criteria for advertising agency selection: An objective appraisal. Journal of Advertising Research, 24(2), 27–31.
Chang, T. K., Huh, J., McKinney, K., Sar, S., Wei, W., & Schneeweis, A. (2009). Culture and Its Influence on Advertising. International Communication Gazette, 71(8), 671–692. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048509345063
Cheong, Y., Kim, K., & Zheng, L. (2010). Advertising appeals as a reflection of culture: a cross-cultural analysis of food advertising appeals in China and the US. Asian Journal of Communication, 20(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/01292980903440848
Chirapravati, M. L. V. (1996). The blossoming of advertising in Thailand. In K. Firth (Ed.), Advertising in Asia (pp.223-240). Ames: Iowa State University Press.
Ciochetto, L. (2006). The Dynamics of Contemporary Advertising in Thailand. Media Asia, 33(3–4), 185–191. https://doi.org/10.1080/01296612.2006.11726830
Cook, W. A., & Kover, A. J. (1998). Research and the meaning of advertising effectiveness : Mutual misunderstandings. In Measuring Advertising Effectiveness (pp. 13–20). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ.
Crosier, K., Grant, I., & Gilmore, C. (2003). Account planning in Scottish advertising agencies: a discipline in transition. Journal of Marketing Communications, 9(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/1352726022000013376
Cui, G., & Yang, X. (2009). Responses of Chinese Consumers to Sex Appeals in International Advertising: A Test of Congruency Theory. Journal of Global Marketing, 22(3), 229–245. https://doi.org/10.1080/08911760902845031
Czarnecka, B., Brennan, R., & Keles, S. (2017). Cultural Meaning, Advertising, and National Culture: A Four-Country Study. Journal of Global Marketing, 31(1), 4–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/08911762.2017.1376364
DAAT & Kantar insight Thailand. (2019). Thailand Digital Advertising Spend 2018-2019 (Rep.).
Dahlén, M., Rosengren, S., & Törn, F. (2008). Advertising Creativity Matters. Journal of Advertising Research, 48(3), 392–403. https://doi.org/10.2501/s002184990808046x
Damanpour, F. (1991). Organizational Innovation: A Meta-Analysis Of Effects Of Determinants and Moderators. Academy of Management Journal, 34(3), 555–590. https://doi.org/10.5465/256406
de Mooij, M. (2009). Global marketing and advertising: Understanding cultural paradoxes (Third ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc.
de Mooij, M. (2015). Cross-cultural research in international marketing: clearing up some of the confusion. International Marketing Review, 32(6), 646–662. https://doi.org/10.1108/imr-12-2014-0376
de Mooij, M., & Hofstede, G. (2010). The Hofstede model. International Journal of Advertising, 29(1), 85–110. https://doi.org/10.2501/s026504870920104x
de Waal Malefyt, T., & Morais, R. J. (2010). Creativity, brands, and the ritual process: Confrontation and resolution in advertising agencies. Culture and Organization, 16(4), 333–347. https://doi.org/10.1080/14759551.2010.519927
Dimofte, C. V., Goodstein, R. C., & Brumbaugh, A. M. (2014). A social identity perspective on aspirational advertising: Implicit threats to collective self‐esteem and strategies to overcome them. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 25(3), 416–430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2014.12.001
Dow, D. (2006). Adaptation and performance in foreign markets: evidence of systematic under-adaptation. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(2), 212–226. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400189
Downe‐Wamboldt, B. (1992). Content analysis: Method, applications, and issues. Health Care for Women International, 13(3), 313–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399339209516006
Ducoffe, R. H., & Curlo, E. (2000). Advertising value and advertising processing. Journal of Marketing Communications, 6(4), 247–262. https://doi.org/10.1080/135272600750036364
Eagle, L., & Kitchen, P. J. (2000). IMC, brand communications, and corporate cultures. European Journal of Marketing, 34(5/6), 667–686. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560010321983
Engholm, C. (1991). When Business East Meets Business West: The Guide to Practice and Protocol in the Pacific Rim (1st ed.). Wiley.
Escolar, R. E. (2008). Ad-ding it all up: Identifying the thai advertising industry’s success drivers. Chazen Web Journal of International Business. Published. https://www0.gsb.columbia.edu/mygsb/faculty/research/pubfiles/3145/Ad-ding%20It%20All%20Up_Identifying%20the%20Thai%20Advertising%20Industrys%20Success%20Drivers.pdf
Euromonitor International. (2019). Beauty and Personal Care in Thailand. https://www.euromonitor.com/beauty-and-personal-care-in-thailand/report
Finlay, L. (2018, February 10). The Wonderful World of Thai Advertising. Culture Trip. https://theculturetrip.com/asia/thailand/articles/wonderful-world-thai-advertising/
Gabriel, H., Kottasz, R., & Bennett, R. (2006). Advertising planning, ad‐agency use of advertising models, and the academic practitioner divide. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 24(5), 505–527. https://doi.org/10.1108/02634500610682890
Goffman, E., & Gornick, V. (1979). Gender Advertisements (1st ed.). Harper & Row, Publishers.
Gotthelf, K. (2004). National pride in thailand advertising : A shift in spokesperson choice. Asian Market Research News. http://www.asiamarketresearch.com/news/000276.html
Gram, M. (2007). Whiteness and Western Values in Global Advertisements: An Exploratory Study. Journal of Marketing Communications, 13(4), 291–309. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527260701359272
Grau, S. L., & Zotos, Y. C. (2016). Gender stereotypes in advertising: a review of current research. International Journal of Advertising, 35(5), 761–770. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2016.1203556
Gupta, A. S., & De, S. (2007). Changing Trends of Cultural Values in Advertising. Psychology and Developing Societies, 19(1), 113–123. https://doi.org/10.1177/097133360701900105
Hackley, C. (2003). From consumer insight to advertising strategy: the account planner’s integrative role in creative advertising development. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 21(7), 446–452. https://doi.org/10.1108/02634500310504296
Hackley, C. E. (1998). Social constructionism and research in marketing and advertising. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 1(3), 125–131. https://doi.org/10.1108/13522759810235188
Haley, E., Taylor, R., & Morrison, M. (2014). How Advertising Creatives Define Excellent Planning. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 35(2), 167–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641734.2014.900271
Hofstede, G. (2010). [cultures and organizations: Software of the mind, third edition] [by: Hofstede, geert] [may, 2010]. McGraw-Hill Education.
Holstein, J. A., & Gubrium, J. F. (2003). Inside Interviewing: New Lenses, New Concerns (1st ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc.
Hong, J. W., Muderrisoglu, A., & Zinkhan, G. M. (1987). Cultural Differences and Advertising Expression: A Comparative Content Analysis of Japanese and U.S. Magazine Advertising. Journal of Advertising, 16(1), 55–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.1987.10673061
House,R. J., Hanges,P. J., Javidan, M.,Dorfman, P.W., & Gupta, V. (Eds.). (2004). Culture, leadership, and organisations : The GLOBE study of 62 societies. London, England: Sage Publications.
Inglehart, R., & Baker, W. E. (2000). Modernization, Cultural Change, and the Persistence of Traditional Values. American Sociological Review, 65(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.2307/2657288
International Trade Administration (ITA). (2019). Thailand - Market Overview. International Trade Administration | Trade.Gov. https://www.trade.gov/knowledge-product/thailand-market-overview?section-nav=2685
Jamieson, K. H., & Campbell, K. K. (2005). The Interplay of Influence: News, Advertising, Politics, and the Internet (with InfoTrac) (6th ed.). Wadsworth Publishing.
Ketudat, S., Textor, R. B., Klausner, W. J., Ladavalya, B. M. L., & Prabudhanitisarn, S. (1991). The Middle Path for the Future of Thailand: Technology in Harmony With Culture and Environment. Chiang Mai University.
Khairullah, D. H. Z., & Khairullah, Z. Y. (2003). Dominant Cultural Values. Journal of Global Marketing, 16(1–2), 47–70. https://doi.org/10.1300/j042v16n01_03
Koslow, S., Sasser, S. L., & Riordan, E. A. (2006). Do Marketers Get The Advertising They Need or The Advertising They Deserve? Agency Views of How Clients Influence Creativity. Journal of Advertising, 35(3), 81–101. https://doi.org/10.2753/joa0091-3367350306
Kover, A. J. (1995). Copywriters’ Implicit Theories of Communication: An Exploration. Journal of Consumer Research, 21(4), 596. https://doi.org/10.1086/209421
Kover, A. J., & Goldberg, S. M. (1995). The games copywriters play: Conflict, quasi-control, a new proposal. Journal of Advertising Research, 35(4), 52–62.
Kover, A. J., James, W. L., & Sonner, B. S. (1997). To whom do advertising creatives write? An inferential answer. Journal of Advertising Research, 37(1), 41–53.
Kunalai, C. (1992). The globalization and thainization in world brand television advertising. Chulalongkorn University, Thailand.
Kwek, S. (2021, July 8). What’s now and what’s next for Thailand’s beauty market. Mintel. https://www.mintel.com/blog/beauty-market-news/whats-now-and-whats-next-for-thailands-beauty-market
La Ferle, C., Edwards, S. M., & Mizuno, Y. (2002). Internet Diffusion in Japan: Cultural Considerations. Journal of Advertising Research, 42(2), 65–79. https://doi.org/10.2501/jar-42-2-65-79
Levin, E., & Lobo, A. (Eds.). (2011). Clients’ expectations of their advertising agencies: Creativity and relationship management. anzmac.org.
Lindkvist, K. (1981). Approaches to textual analysis. In K. E. Rosengren (Ed.),
Advances in content analysis (pp. 23-41). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage
Lowe, G. (2003). Embracing creative excellence with a unique, local flavor.
South China Morning Post. Retrieved from Factiva
Lubart, T. I. (2001). Models of the Creative Process: Past, Present and Future. Creativity Research Journal, 13(3–4), 295–308. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326934crj1334_07
Lynn, M., & Gelb, B. D. (1996). Identifying innovative national markets for technical consumer goods. International Marketing Review, 13(6), 43–57. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651339610151917
Mackay, A. (2005). The Practice of Advertising. Elsevier Gezondheidszorg.
Marshall, R., & Na, W. B. (1994). The Advertising Agency Selection Process. International Journal of Advertising, 13(3), 217–227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.1994.11104577
Martins, E., & Terblanche, F. (2003). Building organisational culture that stimulates creativity and innovation. European Journal of Innovation Management, 6(1), 64–74. https://doi.org/10.1108/14601060310456337
Mason, J. (2018). Qualitative Researching (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications Ltd.
McCracken, G. (1986). Culture and Consumption: A Theoretical Account of the Structure and Movement of the Cultural Meaning of Consumer Goods. Journal of Consumer Research, 13(1), 71. https://doi.org/10.1086/209048
McNair, C. (2018). Global ad spending. Emarketer.
McTavish, D. G., & Pirro, E. B. (1990). Contextual content analysis. Quality and Quantity, 24(3), 245–265. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00139259
Miracle, G.E. (1987) Feel-do-learn: an alternative sequence underlying Japanese consumer response to television commercials, in Feasley, F. (ed.) Proceedings of the1987 Conference of the American Academy of Advertising, USA , pp. R73–R78.
Moon, S. Y., & Chan, K. (2005). Advertising appeals and cultural values in television commercials a comparison of hong kong and korea. International Marketing Review, 22(1), 48–66. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651330510581172
Moorman, C., Zaltman, G., & Deshpande, R. (1992). Relationships between Providers and Users of Market Research: The Dynamics of Trust within and between Organizations. Journal of Marketing Research, 29(3), 314. https://doi.org/10.2307/3172742
Morgan, R. M., & Hunt, S. D. (1994). The Commitment-Trust Theory of Relationship Marketing. Journal of Marketing, 58(3), 20. https://doi.org/10.2307/1252308
Morris, A. (2015). A Practical Introduction to In-depth Interviewing (1st ed.). SAGE Publications Ltd.
Mulder, N. (1996). Inside thai society: Interpretations of everyday life. The Pepin Press, 182–186. https://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/document?id=ao07-060
Na, W., Marshall, R., & Woodside, A. G. (2009). Decision system analysis of advertising agency decisions. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 12(2), 153–170. https://doi.org/10.1108/13522750910948761
Nielsen. (2020). Advertising informational services data. Nielsen Company. http://www.adassothai.com/include/upload/images/th_exp_file/2021021603542981529.pdf
O’Connor, H., Kilgour, M., Koslow, S., & Sasser, S. (2017). Drivers of Creativity Within Advertising Agencies. Journal of Advertising Research, 58(2), 202–217. https://doi.org/10.2501/jar-2017-015
Ogilvy, D. (1985). Ogilvy on Advertising by David Ogilvy(1985–03-12). Vintage.
Okazaki, S., Taylor, C. R., & Zou, S. (2006). Advertising Standardization’s Positive Impact on the Bottom Line: A Model of When and How Standardization Improves Financial and Strategic Performance. Journal of Advertising, 35(3), 17–33. https://doi.org/10.2753/joa0091-3367350302
Pollay, R. W. (1986). The Distorted Mirror: Reflections on the Unintended Consequences of Advertising. Journal of Marketing, 50(2), 18. https://doi.org/10.2307/1251597
Pollitt, S., & Feldwick, P. (2000). Pollitt on Planning. Admap.
Polly, R. W. (1983). Measuring the cultural values manifest in advertising. Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 6(1), 71–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/01633392.1983.10505333
Pongsapitaksanti, P. (2010). A comparison of thai and japanese advertising industries. Japanese Studies Journal, 47–68.
Pope, D. (1983). The making of modern advertising. Basic Books.
Punyapiroje, C., Morrison, M., & Hoy, M. G. (2002). A Nation under the Influence: The Creative Strategy Process for Advertising in Thailand. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 24(2), 51–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641734.2002.10505135
Pyke, A. (2000). It’s all in the brief. Market research society Annual conference, United Kingdom.
Ramanathan, S. (2011). Advertising self-regulation in Asia and Australia. Asian Federation of Advertising Associations and International Advertising Association — Asia Pacific. https://icas.global/wp-content/uploads/2011_04_Ad_SR_Asia_Australia.pdf
Reid, L. N., King, K. W., & Delorme, D. E. (1998). Top-Level Agency Creatives Look at Advertising Creativity Then and Now. Journal of Advertising, 27(2), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.1998.10673549
Rongmuang, D., McElmurry, B. J., McCreary, L. L., Park, C. G., Miller, A. G., & Corte, C. (2010). Regional Differences in Physical Appearance Identity Among Young Adult Women in Thailand. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 33(1), 106–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193945910381762
Runco, M. A. (2004). Creativity. Annual Review of Psychology, 55(1), 657–687. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141502
Santos, J. (2008) In Escolar, E. R. (2016) Ad-ding It All Up: Identifying the Thai Advertising Industry’s Success Drivers. Chazen Web Journal of International Business. Columbia Business School. https://www0.gsb.columbia.edu/mygsb/faculty/research/pubfiles/3145/Ad-ding%20It%20All%20Up_Identifying%20the%20Thai%20Advertising%20Industrys%20Success%20Drivers.pdf
Sherer, P. M. (1995). Emotion with humour: Bergeoning thai ad industry wins kudos for creativity. The Asian Wall Street Journal Weekly. Published.
Shum, S., & Liu, C. (2017). Ad spending in Southeast Asia. Emarketer.
Smith, P. B., Dugan, S., & Trompenaars, F. (1996). National Culture and the Values of Organizational Employees. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 27(2), 231–264. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022196272006
Smith, R. E., Chen, J., & Yang, X. (2008). The Impact of Advertising Creativity on the Hierarchy of Effects. Journal of Advertising, 37(4), 47–62. https://doi.org/10.2753/joa0091-3367370404
Smith, R. E., & Yang, X. (2004). Toward a General Theory of Creativity in Advertising: Examining the Role of Divergence. Marketing Theory, 4(1–2), 31–58. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470593104044086
Sophittakamol (1995) In Chirapravati, M. L. V. (1996). The blossoming of advertising in Thailand. In K. Firth (Ed.), Advertising in Asia (pp.223-240). Ames: Iowa State University Press.
Stuhlfaut, M. W., & Yoo, C. Y. (2013). A tool for evaluating advertising concepts: Desirable characteristics as viewed by creative practitioners. Journal of Marketing Communications, 19(2), 81–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527266.2010.550009
Tan, J. (2018, March 27). “Thai wave” in showbiz poised for big splash in China. Nikkei Asia. https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Business-trends/Thai-wave-showbiz-faces-golden-opportunity-to-court-Chinese-market
Tesch, R. (1990). Qualitative Research Analysis Types And Software Tools: 1st (First) Edition. Taylor & Francis, Inc.
The Nation (1999, November 3). Clients of major agencies were slashing their budgets. Retrieved from Factiva.
Triki, A., Redjeb, N., & Kamoun, I. (2007). Exploring the determinants of success/failure of the advertising agency‐firm relationship. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 10(1), 10–27. https://doi.org/10.1108/13522750710720378
Turnbull, S., & Wheeler, C. (2015). The advertising creative process: A study of UK agencies. Journal of Marketing Communications, 23(2), 176–194. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527266.2014.1000361
Vartanian, O., Bristol, A. S., & Kaufman, J. C. (2016). Neuroscience of creativity. The MIT Press. Published.
Wallas, M. (1945). The Art of Thought. (Abridged Edition.) [Edited by May Wallas.]. C.A. Watts & Company.
Waller, D. S., Cusick, D. J., Matheson, H. D., & Miller, M. K. (2001). Advertising agency activities used to attract new clients in Australia. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 16(2), 129–140. https://doi.org/10.1108/08858620110384150
Warc. (1999). The Gunn Report (1999). https://archive.gunnreport.com
Warc. (2018). The Gunn Report (2018). https://archive.gunnreport.com
Will, J. R. (1992). Winning new business: An analysis of advertising agency activities. Journal of Advertising Research, 32(5), 10–16.
Wilson, M. (2010). Advertising services in australia. IBISWorld.
Winterich, K. P., Gangwar, M., & Grewal, R. (2018). When Celebrities Count: Power Distance Beliefs and Celebrity Endorsements. Journal of Marketing, 82(3), 70–86. https://doi.org/10.1509/jm.16.0169
Zandpour, F., Campos, V., Catalano, J., Chang, C., Young Dae Cho, & Shu Fang Jiang. (1994). Global reach and local touch: Achieving cultural fitness in TV advertising. Journal of Advertising Research, 34(5), 35–63.
Zhang, Y., & Gelb, B. D. (1996). Matching Advertising Appeals to Culture: The Influence of Products’ Use Conditions. Journal of Advertising, 25(3), 29–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.1996.10673505
zh_TW
dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202101217en_US