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題名 論最低工資與生活工資
A Study on Minimum Wage and Living Wage
作者 龔敏華
Kung, Min-Hua
貢獻者 王惠玲
Wang, Huei-Ling
龔敏華
Kung, Min-Hua
關鍵詞 低薪
工作貧窮
最低工資
生活工資
Low Wage
Working Poor
Minimum Wage
Living Wage
日期 2021
上傳時間 2-Sep-2021 17:20:57 (UTC+8)
摘要 國際勞工組織主張最低工資政策係改善低薪問題的政策工具之一,惟在全球化的發展之下,低薪、工作貧窮的問題逐漸被人關注,最低工資的數額越來越無法使勞工過上合理的生活水準,在此背景下,生活工資運動逐漸佔據大眾的視野,而生活工資條例的施行也為就業帶來正面效應。
本研究選擇有施行生活工資制度的英國、美國以及將生活工資概念納入最低工資制度的日本,作為範例,首先,本文將整理各國之最低工資制度,再探討生活工資運動出現的背景及各該生活工資制度詳細內容,並歸納在生活工資制度施行後對經濟、就業所產生的影響,在回顧三國制度後,本文將透過訪談的方式,了解目前台灣基本工資的問題以及在台灣的政治、經濟以及社會環境下,生活工資制度在我國的可行性與可能產生之影響。
International Labour Organization claimed that the Minimum Wage Policy is one of the policy instruments to improve low-wage problems. However, under the development of globalization, the problems of low wage and working poor gradually attracted people’s attention. In this context, living wage movement caught people’s eye and living wage ordinances also had positive effects on employment.
This research chose the United Kingdom and the United States which have already implemented living wage ordinances, and Japan which had brought the concept of living wage in the Act of Minimum Wage as examples. First of all, this article sorted out the minimum wage system in the countries mentioned above, and summarized the impacts on the economy and employment after the implementation of the living wage ordinances. After reviewing the living wage systems in these countries, this research conducted several interviews to understand the problems with the basic wage in Taiwan and the feasibility and possible impact of implementing the living wage system under current Taiwanese political, economic, and social environment.
參考文獻 中文文獻
一、專書
林振賢(2003),新版勞基法的理論和實務,捷太出版。
張烽益(2014),論我國勞動者之合宜工資,回顧與前瞻:勞動基準法施行 30 週年論文集。

二、期刊
李健鴻(2016),從基本工資到最低工資:論台灣的最低工資法制化,台灣 勞工季刊,第 48 期。
辛炳隆(2010),我國基本工資審議機制之評析,新社會政策,第 12 期。
辛炳隆(2010),我國基本工資審議機制之評析,新社會政策,第 12 期。
辛炳隆(2016),論述最低工資、基本工資與生活工資,台灣勞工季刊,第 48 期。
陳巧鐘、苗坤齡(2013),勞動報酬變動趨勢分析,主計月刊,第 690 期。
陳昱光(2019),勞資關係進步基本工資宜溫和調漲-台灣大學國家發展研 究所副教授辛炳隆,勞動及職業安全衛生研究季刊,第 27 卷,第 4 期。

三、碩博士論文
廖瑞涓(2011),勞動基準法中工資定義之法律問題研究,中國文化大學法 學院法律學系碩士論文。

四、研究報告
黃麗璇、黃亦莉、王紫婕(2016),各主要國家最低(基本)工資調整機制 之研究,勞動部 105 年度委託研究計畫。

英文文獻
Andrea Werner & Ming Lim. (2016). The Ethics of the Living Wage: A Review and Research Agenda. Journal of Business Ethics No.137.
Andrés Marinakis. (2009). The role of ILO in the Development of minimum wages. ILO Century Project.
Chikako Kanki. (2011). Legal Structure of, and Issue with, Japan’s Regional Minimum Wage System: Comparative Study of the UK and French Systems, Including the Social Security Systems. Japan Labor Review, Vol.8.
D’Arcy, C., & Finch, D. (2019). The calculation of a living wage: the UK’s experience. Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, 25(3).
Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy & HM Treasury. (2020). National Living Wage and National Minimum Wage: Low Pay Commission Remit 2020.
Emmanuel Reynaud. (2017). The International Labour Organization and the Living Wage: A Historical Perspective. Conditions of Work and Employment Series No.90. GLA Economics (2015). A Fairer London: The 2015 Living Wage in London. Great London Authority.
Harry J. Holzer. (2008). LIVING WAGE LAWS: HOW MUCH DO (CAN) THEY MATTER?. IZA Discussion Paper No.3781.
Hiroya Nakakubo. (2009). A New Departure in the Japanese Minimum Wage Legislation. Japan Institute for Labour Policy and Training.
ILO. (2014). General Survey on Minimum Wage Systems. International Labour Conference, 103rd Session.
ILO. (2020). Global Wage Report 2020-21: Wages and minimum wages in the time of COVID-19.
Isao Ohashi. (2011). The Minimum Wage System in Japan: In the Light of Circumstances in the United States and Europe. Japan Labor Review, Vol.8.
Low Pay Commission. (2016). The National Living Wage: A Summary of the LPC’s findings on the £7.20 introductory rate.
Low Pay Commission. (2017). National Minimum Wage Low Pay Commission analysis.
Low Pay Commission. (2019). 20 years of the National Minimum Wage: A history of the UK minimum wage and its effects.
Low Pay Commission. (2019). The National Living Wage Beyond 2020.
Luce, S. (2017). Living wages: a US perspective. Employee Relations, 39.
Mark D. Brenner & Stephanie Luce. (2005). Living Wage Laws in Practice: The Boston, New Haven and Hartford Experiences. PERI Research Report.
Mary Schwartz & Ellen Wilson. (2010). Who Can Afford To Live in a Home? : A look at data from the 2006 American Community Survey. US Census Bureau.
Price V. Fishback & Andrew J. Seltzer. (2020). The Rise of American Minimum Wages, 1912-1968.
Richard Anker. (2011). Estimating a living wage: A methodological review. Conditions of Work and Employment Series No.29.
Thorsten Schulten & Torsten Müller. (2020). Between Poverty Wages And Living Wages: Minimum wage regimes in the European Union. European Studies for social and Labour Market Policy No.1.
Yukiko Abe. (2011). Minimum Wages and Employment in Japan. Japan Labor Review Vol.8.

網路資料
110 年各直轄市、縣(市)最低生活費依法調整公告,衛福部新聞稿,最後瀏 覽日:2021 年 3 月 31 日,檢自:https://dep.mohw.gov.tw/dosaasw/cp-530- 56282-103.html
GOV. UK. Who gets the minimum wage? Retrieved March 30, 2021, from https://www.gov.uk/national-minimum-wage/who-gets-the-minimum-wage
GOV.UK. National Minimum Wage and National Living Wage rates. Retrieved April 3, 2021, from https://www.gov.uk/national-minimum-wage-rates
How much does an Apprentice make in the United States? Retrieved April 4, 2021, from https://www.indeed.com/career/apprentice/salaries?from=top_sb
ILO. (2016). Minimum Wage Policy Guide. From https://www.ilo.org/global/docs/WCMS_508566/lang--en/index.htm
Living Wage Foundation. ACCREDITED LIVING WAGE EMPLOYERS. Retrieved July 19, 2021, from https://www.livingwage.org.uk/accredited-living-wage-employers Living Wage Foundation. WHAT IS THE REAL LIVING WAGE? Retrieved April 4, 2021, from https://www.livingwage.org.uk/what-real-living-wage
State Minimum Wage Laws. Retrieved, April 1, 2021, from https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/minimum-wage/state 小英夢想太遠台北要自訂對低生活工資,最後瀏覽日:2021 年 3 月 31 日,檢 自: https://www.viewpointtaiwan.com/commentary/%E5%B0%8F%E8%8B%B1%E5% A4%A2%E6%83%B3%E5%A4%AA%E9%81%A0- %E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E8%A6%81%E8%87%AA%E8%A8%82%E6%9C%8 0%E4%BD%8E%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E5%B7%A5%E8%B3%87/ 中華民國統計資訊網,最後瀏覽日:2021 年 3 月 31 日,檢自: https://statdb.dgbas.gov.tw/pxweb/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=FF0010A1A&ti=%A4%E1 %BC%C6%A4%AD%B5%A5%A4%C0%A6%EC%B2%D5%A4%A7%A5%AD% A7%A1%A8C%A4%E1%A4H%BC%C6%BBP%B4N%B7%7E%A4H%BC%C6- %A6%7E&path=../PXfile/HouseholdFinances/&lang=9&strList=L
令和 2 年度地域別最低賃金額改定の目安について,最後瀏覽日:2021 年 4 月 1 日,檢自:https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/newpage_12604.html
令和元年度地域別最低賃金額改定の目安について<,最後瀏覽日:2021 年 4 月 1 日,檢自:https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/newpage_06020.html
北市府調高基本薪資 時薪 133 月薪 2 萬 2,最後瀏覽日:2021 年 3 月 31 日, 檢自:https://www.cardu.com.tw/news/detail.php?nt_pk=28&ns_pk=21739
在家睡覺也要領薪水!基本工資風波中出現的假日工資問題,勞動黨桃竹苗勞 工服務中心通訊,最後瀏覽日:2021 年 7 月 19 日,檢自: https://www.coolloud.org.tw/node/3895
行政院主計處(2020),最後瀏覽日:2021 年 3 月 31 日,檢自: https://www.dgbas.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=46653&ctNode=5624&mp=1
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
勞工研究所
108262014
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108262014
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 王惠玲zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Wang, Huei-Lingen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 龔敏華zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Kung, Min-Huaen_US
dc.creator (作者) 龔敏華zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Kung, Min-Huaen_US
dc.date (日期) 2021en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-Sep-2021 17:20:57 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-Sep-2021 17:20:57 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Sep-2021 17:20:57 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0108262014en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/137021-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 勞工研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 108262014zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 國際勞工組織主張最低工資政策係改善低薪問題的政策工具之一,惟在全球化的發展之下,低薪、工作貧窮的問題逐漸被人關注,最低工資的數額越來越無法使勞工過上合理的生活水準,在此背景下,生活工資運動逐漸佔據大眾的視野,而生活工資條例的施行也為就業帶來正面效應。
本研究選擇有施行生活工資制度的英國、美國以及將生活工資概念納入最低工資制度的日本,作為範例,首先,本文將整理各國之最低工資制度,再探討生活工資運動出現的背景及各該生活工資制度詳細內容,並歸納在生活工資制度施行後對經濟、就業所產生的影響,在回顧三國制度後,本文將透過訪談的方式,了解目前台灣基本工資的問題以及在台灣的政治、經濟以及社會環境下,生活工資制度在我國的可行性與可能產生之影響。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) International Labour Organization claimed that the Minimum Wage Policy is one of the policy instruments to improve low-wage problems. However, under the development of globalization, the problems of low wage and working poor gradually attracted people’s attention. In this context, living wage movement caught people’s eye and living wage ordinances also had positive effects on employment.
This research chose the United Kingdom and the United States which have already implemented living wage ordinances, and Japan which had brought the concept of living wage in the Act of Minimum Wage as examples. First of all, this article sorted out the minimum wage system in the countries mentioned above, and summarized the impacts on the economy and employment after the implementation of the living wage ordinances. After reviewing the living wage systems in these countries, this research conducted several interviews to understand the problems with the basic wage in Taiwan and the feasibility and possible impact of implementing the living wage system under current Taiwanese political, economic, and social environment.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論1
第一節 研究動機與目的1
第二節 研究方法3
壹、 文獻分析法3
貳、 深度訪談法4
第三節 研究範圍與限制4
第四節 研究架構5
第二章 最低工資與生活工資及我國施行概況6
第一節 最低工資與生活工資6
壹、 最低工資6
貳、 生活工資9
第二節 我國基本工資制度之沿革與概述13
第三節 我國生活工資運動之概述17
壹、 以不同標準檢視我國基本工資數額17
貳、 我國生活工資運動概述22
第三章 英國、美國、日本最低工資與生活工資制度25
第一節 英國25
壹、 英國最低工資制度之沿革與概述25
貳、 英國生活工資制度之沿革與概述28
參、 英國最低工資與生活工資之關聯33
第二節 美國36
壹、 美國最低工資制度之沿革與概述36
貳、 美國生活工資制度之沿革與概述41
參、 美國最低工資與生活工資之關聯46
第三節 日本48
壹、 日本最低工資制度之沿革48
貳、 日本最低工資制度之概述51
參、 日本最低工資與生活工資之關聯53
第四章 訪談發現與分析55
第一節 訪談設計與對象55
第二節 訪談發現57
壹、 基本工資之問題57
貳、 生活工資之可行性64
參、 其他意見85
第三節 訪談分析89
壹、 基本工資的問題89
貳、 生活工資可行性分析90
第五章 結論與建議93
第一節 結論93
第二節 建議97
參考文獻99
附錄一104
附錄二106
zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1976363 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108262014en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 低薪zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 工作貧窮zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 最低工資zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 生活工資zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Low Wageen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Working Pooren_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Minimum Wageen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Living Wageen_US
dc.title (題名) 論最低工資與生活工資zh_TW
dc.title (題名) A Study on Minimum Wage and Living Wageen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文文獻
一、專書
林振賢(2003),新版勞基法的理論和實務,捷太出版。
張烽益(2014),論我國勞動者之合宜工資,回顧與前瞻:勞動基準法施行 30 週年論文集。

二、期刊
李健鴻(2016),從基本工資到最低工資:論台灣的最低工資法制化,台灣 勞工季刊,第 48 期。
辛炳隆(2010),我國基本工資審議機制之評析,新社會政策,第 12 期。
辛炳隆(2010),我國基本工資審議機制之評析,新社會政策,第 12 期。
辛炳隆(2016),論述最低工資、基本工資與生活工資,台灣勞工季刊,第 48 期。
陳巧鐘、苗坤齡(2013),勞動報酬變動趨勢分析,主計月刊,第 690 期。
陳昱光(2019),勞資關係進步基本工資宜溫和調漲-台灣大學國家發展研 究所副教授辛炳隆,勞動及職業安全衛生研究季刊,第 27 卷,第 4 期。

三、碩博士論文
廖瑞涓(2011),勞動基準法中工資定義之法律問題研究,中國文化大學法 學院法律學系碩士論文。

四、研究報告
黃麗璇、黃亦莉、王紫婕(2016),各主要國家最低(基本)工資調整機制 之研究,勞動部 105 年度委託研究計畫。

英文文獻
Andrea Werner & Ming Lim. (2016). The Ethics of the Living Wage: A Review and Research Agenda. Journal of Business Ethics No.137.
Andrés Marinakis. (2009). The role of ILO in the Development of minimum wages. ILO Century Project.
Chikako Kanki. (2011). Legal Structure of, and Issue with, Japan’s Regional Minimum Wage System: Comparative Study of the UK and French Systems, Including the Social Security Systems. Japan Labor Review, Vol.8.
D’Arcy, C., & Finch, D. (2019). The calculation of a living wage: the UK’s experience. Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, 25(3).
Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy & HM Treasury. (2020). National Living Wage and National Minimum Wage: Low Pay Commission Remit 2020.
Emmanuel Reynaud. (2017). The International Labour Organization and the Living Wage: A Historical Perspective. Conditions of Work and Employment Series No.90. GLA Economics (2015). A Fairer London: The 2015 Living Wage in London. Great London Authority.
Harry J. Holzer. (2008). LIVING WAGE LAWS: HOW MUCH DO (CAN) THEY MATTER?. IZA Discussion Paper No.3781.
Hiroya Nakakubo. (2009). A New Departure in the Japanese Minimum Wage Legislation. Japan Institute for Labour Policy and Training.
ILO. (2014). General Survey on Minimum Wage Systems. International Labour Conference, 103rd Session.
ILO. (2020). Global Wage Report 2020-21: Wages and minimum wages in the time of COVID-19.
Isao Ohashi. (2011). The Minimum Wage System in Japan: In the Light of Circumstances in the United States and Europe. Japan Labor Review, Vol.8.
Low Pay Commission. (2016). The National Living Wage: A Summary of the LPC’s findings on the £7.20 introductory rate.
Low Pay Commission. (2017). National Minimum Wage Low Pay Commission analysis.
Low Pay Commission. (2019). 20 years of the National Minimum Wage: A history of the UK minimum wage and its effects.
Low Pay Commission. (2019). The National Living Wage Beyond 2020.
Luce, S. (2017). Living wages: a US perspective. Employee Relations, 39.
Mark D. Brenner & Stephanie Luce. (2005). Living Wage Laws in Practice: The Boston, New Haven and Hartford Experiences. PERI Research Report.
Mary Schwartz & Ellen Wilson. (2010). Who Can Afford To Live in a Home? : A look at data from the 2006 American Community Survey. US Census Bureau.
Price V. Fishback & Andrew J. Seltzer. (2020). The Rise of American Minimum Wages, 1912-1968.
Richard Anker. (2011). Estimating a living wage: A methodological review. Conditions of Work and Employment Series No.29.
Thorsten Schulten & Torsten Müller. (2020). Between Poverty Wages And Living Wages: Minimum wage regimes in the European Union. European Studies for social and Labour Market Policy No.1.
Yukiko Abe. (2011). Minimum Wages and Employment in Japan. Japan Labor Review Vol.8.

網路資料
110 年各直轄市、縣(市)最低生活費依法調整公告,衛福部新聞稿,最後瀏 覽日:2021 年 3 月 31 日,檢自:https://dep.mohw.gov.tw/dosaasw/cp-530- 56282-103.html
GOV. UK. Who gets the minimum wage? Retrieved March 30, 2021, from https://www.gov.uk/national-minimum-wage/who-gets-the-minimum-wage
GOV.UK. National Minimum Wage and National Living Wage rates. Retrieved April 3, 2021, from https://www.gov.uk/national-minimum-wage-rates
How much does an Apprentice make in the United States? Retrieved April 4, 2021, from https://www.indeed.com/career/apprentice/salaries?from=top_sb
ILO. (2016). Minimum Wage Policy Guide. From https://www.ilo.org/global/docs/WCMS_508566/lang--en/index.htm
Living Wage Foundation. ACCREDITED LIVING WAGE EMPLOYERS. Retrieved July 19, 2021, from https://www.livingwage.org.uk/accredited-living-wage-employers Living Wage Foundation. WHAT IS THE REAL LIVING WAGE? Retrieved April 4, 2021, from https://www.livingwage.org.uk/what-real-living-wage
State Minimum Wage Laws. Retrieved, April 1, 2021, from https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/minimum-wage/state 小英夢想太遠台北要自訂對低生活工資,最後瀏覽日:2021 年 3 月 31 日,檢 自: https://www.viewpointtaiwan.com/commentary/%E5%B0%8F%E8%8B%B1%E5% A4%A2%E6%83%B3%E5%A4%AA%E9%81%A0- %E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E8%A6%81%E8%87%AA%E8%A8%82%E6%9C%8 0%E4%BD%8E%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E5%B7%A5%E8%B3%87/ 中華民國統計資訊網,最後瀏覽日:2021 年 3 月 31 日,檢自: https://statdb.dgbas.gov.tw/pxweb/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=FF0010A1A&ti=%A4%E1 %BC%C6%A4%AD%B5%A5%A4%C0%A6%EC%B2%D5%A4%A7%A5%AD% A7%A1%A8C%A4%E1%A4H%BC%C6%BBP%B4N%B7%7E%A4H%BC%C6- %A6%7E&path=../PXfile/HouseholdFinances/&lang=9&strList=L
令和 2 年度地域別最低賃金額改定の目安について,最後瀏覽日:2021 年 4 月 1 日,檢自:https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/newpage_12604.html
令和元年度地域別最低賃金額改定の目安について<,最後瀏覽日:2021 年 4 月 1 日,檢自:https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/newpage_06020.html
北市府調高基本薪資 時薪 133 月薪 2 萬 2,最後瀏覽日:2021 年 3 月 31 日, 檢自:https://www.cardu.com.tw/news/detail.php?nt_pk=28&ns_pk=21739
在家睡覺也要領薪水!基本工資風波中出現的假日工資問題,勞動黨桃竹苗勞 工服務中心通訊,最後瀏覽日:2021 年 7 月 19 日,檢自: https://www.coolloud.org.tw/node/3895
行政院主計處(2020),最後瀏覽日:2021 年 3 月 31 日,檢自: https://www.dgbas.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=46653&ctNode=5624&mp=1
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dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202101324en_US