Publications-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

NCCU Library

Citation Infomation

Related Publications in TAIR

題名 從北美自由貿易協定到美國‒墨西哥‒加拿大協議:川普「美國第一」觀念的發揚
From NAFTA to USMCA: The practice of Trump’s idea “America First”
作者 徐韋宇
Hsu, Wei-Yu
貢獻者 鄧中堅
Teng, Chung-Chian
徐韋宇
Hsu, Wei-Yu
關鍵詞 建構主義
北美自由貿易協定
美墨加協定
川普
Constructivism
NAFTA
USMCA
Donald Trump
日期 2021
上傳時間 2-Sep-2021 17:56:59 (UTC+8)
摘要 北美地區貿易制度因川普的上任而引發劇烈的變動,啟動NAFTA走上現代化一途,並奠定在NAFTA舊結構的基礎上發展出嶄新的USMCA結構。本文試圖藉由重視實踐活動的建構主義,來觀察美國內部觀念連動國家政策的改變以及北美三國互構之過程,並借用Susan K. Sell教授研究智慧財產權全球化的框架,分別訂定出北美貿易的結構、制度與能動者(行為者),並輔以建構主義的理論內容,描述北美區域間的貿易狀態的變化以及了解造成其改變之動力。
本文將產生新循環的過程分為國家與其內部因素探討,以及三國國家間交往、辯論、合作兩個層次,以增進對個別國家內部意識形態、物質條件、政策背景等因素的了解,並進一步觀察涵蓋以上內部因素的個別能動者彼此的交流與互動,以了解行為者間實踐形成的新文化或規範。如前所述,川普的就任是開啟北美貿易結構與制度改革的濫觴,因此本文著重於美國內部對北美貿易新觀念的討論,並以美國為出發點,來觀察川普「美國第一」觀念在國內與國際間的發展與成效。
研究發現,從北美自由貿易協定到美墨加協定的過程中,國家利益中經濟福祉的內涵並非物質上的實質收益,還有國家在歷史發展中附帶的認同來決定;此外,由國家利益發展而成之國家政策是一個不斷變動的循環,當社會結構改變或行為者觀念轉變時,進而影響一國國家政策的修正與重塑。
The trade institutions in North America experiences a drastic change due to Trump’s administration, modernize NAFTA and the development of USMCA structure, which is based on the original NAFTA as cornerstone. Through constructivism, this article attempts to observe the change of United States’ national policies which is driven by its internal idea, and the development among the three North American countries. With Prof. Susan K. Sell’s research framework on the globalization of intellectual property rights, the author defines the structure, institutions, and agents in North American Trade; integrating with the constructivism theories, this article aims to describe the trading dynamic among north American region and its effecting motions.
This article separates the process of the new cycle into two levels: study on state and its own internal factors and interaction, debate, and cooperation among three countries, to understand more about individual state’s ideology, material conditions, and policy background; furthermore, to realize how actors practiced the new culture or rules by observing the way the three respective states communicate.
As mentioned above, Trump’s appointment was the beginning of the reform of North American trade structure and institutions. Therefore, this article focuses on the discussion of the new concept of North American trade within the United States, and uses the United States as a starting point to observe the development and effects of Trump`s "America First" concept domestically and internationally.
According to studies, economic surplus in national interests provided through the development from NAFTA to USMCA are not materialistic, along with the nation’s self-recognition in history development. Besides, national policies developed from national interest is a dynamic cycle. The change of social structure or any behavioral concepts affects the revision and reshaping a country’s national policy.
參考文獻 一、 中文部分
(一) 專書
Alexander Wendt著,秦亞青譯,2000。《國際政治的社會理論》。上海:上海世紀 出版集團
史蒂芬・華特(Stephen M. Walt)著,林詠心譯,2019。,《以善意鋪成的地獄-菁英的僵化和霸權的衰落,重啟大棋局也注定失敗的美國外交政策》(The Hell of Good Intentions: America’s Foreign Policy Elite and the Decline of U.S. Primacy)。台北:麥田出版。
何思因,1994。《美國貿易政治》。台北:時英出版社。
秦亞青主編,2006。《文化與國際社會:建構主義國際關係理論研究》。中國:世界知識出版社。
張亞中、張登及主編,2020。《國際關係總論(第五版)》。新北:揚智文化。
陳澤義,2017。《研究方法:解決問題導向》。新北:普林斯頓國際。
廖炳惠,2003。《關鍵詞200:文學與批評研究的通用辭彙編》。台北:麥田出版。
劉振環,2010。《美國貿易政策研究》。北京:法律出版社。
(二) 專書論文:
石雅如,2014。<墨西哥加入北美自由貿易區二十年之觀察(1994-2014)>,施正鋒主編,《認識各國自由貿易協定(FTA)》。(台北:台灣國際研究學會),頁83-85。
廖小娟,2020。〈社會建構主義及英國學派〉,張亞中、張登及主編,《國際關係總論(第五版)》(台北:揚智),頁165。
賴怡忠,2014。<美國的自由貿易協定政策-策略、過程、與美台FTA>,施正鋒主編,《認識各國自由貿易協定(FTA)》(台北市:台灣國際研究學會,2014年),頁59-61。
(三) 期刊論文
王國璋,1998年。<區域意識、政黨認同與加拿大選民投票行為之長期分析>,《問題與研究》,第37卷,第12期, 12月,頁47-78。
宋學文,2008/12。<層次分析對國際關係研究的重要性及模型建構>,《問題與研究》,第47卷,第4期,頁167-199。
林麗芳,2018/12,<美墨加協定(USMCA)對美國農業之影響及其意涵>,《農政與農情》,第318期,頁44-50。
邱俊榮,2018/12,<從NAFTA到USMCA:解析美國國際貿易新戰略>,《新世紀智庫論壇》,第84期,頁29-36。
邱俊榮,2018/12。<從NAFTA到USMCA:解析美國國際貿易新戰略>,《新世紀智庫論壇》,第84期,頁29-36。
紀舜傑,2018/09。<墨西哥的國家認同¬¬‒被殖民與霸鄰的糾葛>,《台灣國際研究季刊》,第14卷,第3期,頁115-138。
涂志玲,2005/08。<從NAFTA十年成效看看南北型區域經濟合作>,《世界經濟與政治論壇》,第2005卷,第4期,頁7-12。
陳麗芬,2014。<「貿易促進授權法Trade Promotion Authority, TPA」與國會在貿易政策中的角色>,《貿易政策論叢》,第21期,頁45-64。
鄧中堅,1994,<北美自由貿易區的南向發展>,《美歐月刊》,第九卷第七期,頁:33-44。
游美惠,2000/08。<內容分析、文本分析與論述分析在社會研究的運用>,《調查研究》,第八期,頁82-85。
劉大年,2019/09。<美國川普政府的貿易政策>,《經濟前瞻》,第185期,頁9-12。
劉芸昕,2017/10/11,<北美自由貿易協定重啟談判 三國爭議難解>,《經貿法訊》,第219期,頁11-14。
謝文澤,2001。<貿易自由化對墨西哥製造業的影響>,《拉丁美洲研究》,第23卷,第3期,頁38-43。
顏慧欣、鄭昀欣,2018/06/29,< NAFTA 重談之進展與意涵分析>,《中華經濟研究院(WTO及RTA中心)電子報》,第606期,頁3-9。
魏艾,2018/11。<新「北美自由貿易協定」的政經意涵和影響>,《海峽評論》,第335期,頁6-9。
蘇振興,2004。<新自由主義與拉丁美洲>,《拉丁美洲研究》,第26卷,第2期,頁4-19。
(四) 網路與電子化資料
盧其宏編輯,<什麼是ISDS(投資人對地主國爭端解決機制)?>,《焦點事件》,
湯姆・巴特勒-鮑登(Tom Butler-Bowdon),<《一次讀懂商業經典》:交易就是我的藝術形式-唐納川普《交易的藝術》>,《關鍵評論網》,2019年12月8日,〈https://www.thenewslens.com/article/128223〉。
劉志宏,<經濟民族主義的幽靈>,《天下雜誌》,2011年4月28日,〈https://www.cw.com.tw/article/5006778?fbclid=IwAR0LDgwiBP6BnYjQzp-kjptP9JhCJlg7TxEfMdQHSvvGRqn2vWoYtLpRbm4〉。
賈培德,<甚麼是美國的TPA?我們真的有必要向TPA學習嗎?>,《聯合報》,2014年8月22日,< https://opinion.udn.com/opinion/story/5783/102084?fbclid=IwAR0cy23uYuvyxXPAB13o53_haiUm2Kj6PxZvUcqOejeWUNlxHe9xD9RXNLM >
地球圖輯隊,<川普踏上墨西哥 民眾:你不受歡迎>,2016年9月1日,〈https://dq.yam.com/post.php?id=6514〉。
BBC中文網,<「人物:特朗普女婿兼高參庫什納何許人?」>,2016年11月17日,〈https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world/2016/11/161117_profile_us_kushner〉。
蔡佳穎,<2016年被忽略的加拿大 總理:經濟與環保可以兼顧>,《台灣英文新聞》,2016年12月19日,〈https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/ch/news/3053067?fbclid=IwAR0eY09uTyT0MrUl7XYrpxBYfUZ8eaFeA30T_9JeTCSL4agaIjYjJ9H4qUU〉。
聶廷榛,<川普呼籲加速重啟NAFTA談判>,《中華經濟研究院》,2017年2月9日,< https://web.wtocenter.org.tw/mobile/page.aspx?pid=289515&nid=15483 >。
李淳,< RTA/各國情勢分析:美國重談NAFTA談判目標之評析>,《中華經濟研究院WTO及RTA中心》,2017年7月31日 ,
聶廷榛,,《中華經濟研究院》,2017年8月10日,
吳寧康,< NAFTA第二輪談判登場將進入深水區>,《中央廣播電台》,2017年9月1日,< https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/366184> 。
經濟部國際合作處,<「北美自由貿易協定」(NAFTA)重新談判第三回合諮商之進展及各界反應>,2017年9月30日,
李宜靜,< NAFTA第三回合更新談判中小企業取得進展,但仍有部分意見分歧>,《中華經濟研究院WTO及RTA中心》,2017年10月5日,< https://web.wtocenter.org.tw/Mobile/page.aspx?pid=298550&nid=120 >。
羅絜,,《中華經濟研究院WTO及RTA中心》,2017年10月19日,
< NAFTA第五輪談判落幕美墨加三方仍存在“重大分歧”>,《REUTERS》,2017年11月22日,< https://www.reuters.com/article/nafta-big-differences-1121-tuesday-idCNKBS1DM029 >。
經濟部國際合作處,<北美自由貿易協定(NAFTA)重啟談判第五回合諮商進展>,2017年12月1日,< https://www.moea.gov.tw/mns/ietc/bulletin/Bulletin.aspx?kind=31&html=1&menu_id=17131&bull_id=4881 >。
顏慧欣,< RTA/各國情勢分析:NAFTA第六回合談判進展>,《中華經濟研究院WTO及RTA中心》,2018年1月31日,< https://web.wtocenter.org.tw/Page.aspx?pid=304308&nid=13369&fbclid=IwAR1551gKu1cXuJvNyw8ZAZXktNruQW-uhi4rwtZPxdsV71npMIqYa_gxHm4 >。
吳承憲,< NAFTA展開第八回合談判,三方對汽車原產地規則仍未達成共識>,《中華經濟研究院WTO及RTA中心》,2018年4月26日,< https://web.wtocenter.org.tw/Page.aspx?pid=307277&nid=492 >。
地球圖輯隊,<參選三次終於當選 墨西哥左翼新總統出爐>,2018年7月2日,〈https://dq.yam.com/post.php?id=9545〉。
自由財經,<墨西哥新政府善意?稱有望年底前談成NAFTA修訂>,2018年7月5日,〈https://ec.ltn.com.tw/article/breakingnews/2479222〉。
鄭力軒,<30年前的美日貿易衝突,能給今日的中美貿易戰帶來什麼啟示?>,《關鍵評論網》,2018年07月27日,
顏慧欣,< RTA/各國情勢分析:NAFTA重啟談判之首輪成果與展望>,《中華經濟研究院WTO及RTA中心》,2018年8月31日,< https://web.wtocenter.org.tw/Page.aspx?pid=297903&nid=13369&fbclid=IwAR01vfetB0c8VHC52FW4o1L9ef_SiEEh-xvrj_dQ-jE_y_KPI_Nx6trwMeo >。
林靖豪編輯,<北美自由貿易協定(NAFTA)是什麼?>,《焦點事件》,2018年10月12日,﹤https://www.eventsinfocus.org/issues/324﹥。
于國欽,<依賴美國的風險>,《工商時報》,2018年10月14日,
<美國推「毒丸條款」:在貿易上孤立中國的重型武器>,《BBC》,2018年10月16日,
李秉芳,<美國眾議院通過新版『美墨加貿易協定』,面臨彈劾的川普獲「政治勝利」>,《關鍵評論網》,2019年12月20日,﹤https://www.thenewslens.com/article/129029﹥
李濠仲,<李濠仲專欄:從五種美國人中選擇台灣結盟對象>,《上報》,2020年7月3日,〈https://www.upmedia.mg/news_info.php?SerialNo=90579〉。
駐墨西哥代表處經濟組,<美墨加協定(USMCA)生效對墨國汽車業影響分析>,《經濟部國際合作處》2020年10月30日,
二、 英文部分
(一) 專書
David A. Lake,1988. Power, protection, and Free Trade: International Sources of U.S. Commercial Strategy, 1887-1939 .Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
E. H. Carr, 1964.The Twenty Years` Crisis. Harper Perennial.
Imtiaz Hussain, 2012. “NAFTA’s 15-Year Itch,” in Reevaluating NAFTA: Theory and Practice. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Jean Chrétien, 2008.My Years as Prime Minister. Canada: Vintage Canada.
John Bolton, 2020. The Room Where It Happened: A White House Memoir, Simon & Schuster Inc.
John Herd Thompson, and Stephen J. Randall,2002. Canada and the United States: Ambivalent Allies, 3rd ed. Montreal: McGill-Queens’ University Press.
Joseph A. McKinney, 2000.Created from NAFTA: The Structure, Function, and Significance of the Treaty’s Related Institutions. New York: Routledge.
Robert A. Pastor, 2001.Toward a North American Community: Lessons from the Old World for the New. Washington, D.C.: Peterson Institute for International Economics.
Robert O. Keohane,1984. After hegemony: Cooperation and discord in the world political economy. Princeton.NJ: Princeton University Press.
Susan Sell,2003. Private Power, Public Law. Washington DC: Cambridge University Press.
(二) 專書論文
Richard G. Lipsey, “Canada and the United States: The Economic Dimensions,” in Charles F. Doran, and John H. Sigler, eds. Canada and the United States: Enduring Friendship, Persistent Stress, (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1985), pp. 90-93.
(三) 期刊論文
Akiko Yanai, 2002/03. “The Function of the MFN clause in the Global Trading System,” IDE APEC STUDY CENTER Working Paper Series 01/02, No.3, p1-21.
G. John Ikenberry,2018/1,“The end of liberal international order?”, International Affair, Vol. 94 , pp.7-23.
Greg Anderson, 2008/07. “The Institutions of NAFTA,” NORTEAMÉRICA, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 11-41.
Harold Hongju Koh, 1997/06. “Why do nations obey international law,” Yale Law Journal, no.106, pp. 2599-2659.
(四) 網路與電子化資料
“A closer look at round five of the NAFTA negotiations “, 2017/12/04,《DENTONS》, < https://www.dentons.com/en/insights/articles/2017/december/4/a-closer-look-at-round-five-of-the-nafta-negotiations?fbclid=IwAR0OQI_xQnBuoxFuIOjVDG4A-O8Te4iJAZnietzoqVYNoZ3KZoVaNkRygmY >.
“A closer look at round five of the NAFTA negotiations “, 2017/12/04,《DENTONS》, < https://www.dentons.com/en/insights/articles/2017/december/4/a-closer-look-at-round-five-of-the-nafta-negotiations?fbclid=IwAR0Q-XaGUa_z2xcg-8NYwdGyvy-gXaw7caqDB47M4i28jtwRQwFiK2ZVggs >.
“A closer look at round four of the NAFTA negotiations”, 2017/10/25,《DENTONS》, < https://www.dentons.com/en/insights/alerts/2017/october/25/a-closer-look-at-round-four-of-the-nafta-negotiations?fbclid=IwAR3DV36h0kqgb7hBmQtpeS1s9cZ9NjckbRNWfR4peWGGD2_ukGGH5qBULPM >.
“A closer look at round seven of the NAFTA negotiations “, 2018/03/19,《DENTONS》, < https://www.dentons.com/en/insights/alerts/2018/march/19/a-closer-look-at-round-seven-of-the-nafta-negotiations >.
“A closer look at round six of the NAFTA negotiations “, 2018/02/12,《DENTONS》, < https://www.dentons.com/en/insights/alerts/2018/february/12/a-closer-look-at-round-six-of-the-nafta-negotiations >.
“Canada`s Bombardier jets hit with 220% U.S. duty”, 2017/09/27,《CBS NEWS》, < https://www.cbsnews.com/news/canadas-bombardier-jets-hit-with-220-u-s-duty/>.
“Full transcript: 2016 vice presidential debate,” 2016/10/05. 《POLITICO》, < https://www.politico.com/story/2016/10/full-transcript-2016-vice-presidential-debate-229185>.
“Full transcript: Third 2016 presidential debate,” 2016/10/20. 《POLITICO》, < https://www.politico.com/story/2016/10/full-transcript-third-2016-presidential-debate-230063>.
“Here’s Donald Trump’s Presidential Announcement Speech,”《TIME》, 2015/6/16, < https://time.com/3923128/donald-trump-announcement-speech/>.
“Here’s the full text of Donald Trump’s victory speech,” 2016/11/09. CNN Politics, < https://edition.cnn.com/2016/11/09/politics/donald-trump-victory-speech/index.html>
“NAFTA UPDATE - ROUND 8”, 2018/5/4, 《Pacific NorthWest Economic Region》,< http://www.pnwer.org/blog/nafta-update-round-8 >.
“RENEGOTIATING NAFTA: ROUND 4 “, 2017/11/14,《BDO CANADA》, < https://www.bdo.ca/en-ca/insights/tax/international-tax/renegotiating-nafta-round-4/?fbclid=IwAR0jjJdSoVgp7LUIl6peEvq9g1a_cNNT2NZT4WHwKw20EDESXGsYOIK_3Kw >.
“RENEGOTIATING NAFTA: ROUND 4”, 2017/11/14,《BDO CANADA》, < https://www.bdo.ca/en-ca/insights/tax/international-tax/renegotiating-nafta-round-4/?fbclid=IwAR2xasWtyR9QtFOTTjZ903J6H_laCWooKooa69yMPcl5VqnE1uToYES_G3A >.
“SUMMARY OF NAFTA ROUND 2 NEGOTIATIONS “, 2017/09/18,《BDO CANADA》, < https://www.bdo.ca/en-ca/insights/tax/international-tax/summary-of-nafta-round-2-negotiations/?fbclid=IwAR2rEk3-DTA1taSi954VlbfiE3NFHyEBbnTw4KK1wlyD8oj9CtMq_AjTLQM >.
“Transcript of the second debate,” 2016/10/10.《The New York Times》, < https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/10/us/politics/transcript-second-debate.html >.
“Trump renews threat to scrap NAFTA going into next round of talks”, 2017/8/27.《Reuters》,< https://www.reuters.com/article/us-trade-nafta-idUSKCN1B70NA >.
“Trump vows to back U.S. dairy farmers in Canada trade spat,” 2017/4/19, 《Reuters》, .
“US and Canada reach new trade deal to replace Nafta,” 2019/10/1, 《BBC News》, .
Aaron Blake, 2016/9/27. “The first Trump-Clinton presidential debate transcript, annotated,”《The Washington post》. < https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/09/26/the-first-trump-clinton-presidential-debate-transcript-annotated/>.
Adam Behsudi, 2017/11/09. “Farmers move to defy Trump on NAFTA”, 《POLITICO》, < https://www.politico.com/story/2017/11/09/trump-nafta-farmers-defy-244769?fbclid=IwAR3HErFQCnotUoRnU0ojKXaNNPrSqj-O4SsMOYrzh4gzR4dppP0VZJMGaAI >.
Ashifa Kassam and David Agren, 2017/8/8. “Canada v Mexico: Trump seeks to divide and conquer in Nafta negotiations,” 《The Guardian》, < https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/aug/08/canada-v-mexico-trump-seeks-to-divide-and-conquer-in-nafta-negotiations >.
Brent Patterson, 2018.“Trump’s Trade War Prompts Threats of Retaliatory Tariffs, Questions about the Future of NAFTA,” 《The Council of Canadians》.< https://canadians.org/analysis/trumps-trade-war-prompts-threats-retaliatory-tariffs-questions-about-future-nafta>.
Celeste Drake, 2018/3/6, ”Don’t let wall street profiteers scare you: Trade Enforcement≠ Trade War,” 《AFL-CIO》, < https://aflcio.org/2018/3/6/dont-let-wall-street-profiteers-scare-you-trade-enforcement-trade-war >
Celeste Drake, 2018/3/6. ”Don’t let wall street profiteers scare you: Trade Enforcement≠ Trade War”, 《AFL-CIO》, .
David Agren, ” Mexico warns that abandoning Nafta could end broader cooperation with US “, 2017/10/11,《The Guardian》, < https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/10/mexico-nafta-luis-videgaray-warning-trump?fbclid=IwAR133EnzQHo5mz5_02YNVrhc0EzcYiDwSGLoXe92z6qefLQjLKOOk7qJUGM >.
David Smith, 2018/8/28. “Trump announces US-Mexico trade deal, setting stage for NAfta overhaul”,《The Guardian》, < https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/aug/27/trump-nafta-us-mexico-trade-understanding-latest>.
Deborah Collier, 2018/9/18. “New trade agreement includes strong intellectual property protections,”《Morning Consult, < https://morningconsult.com/opinions/new-trade-agreement-includes-strong-intellectual-property-protections/?fbclid=IwAR1uzTBo9TPRc-j9fYH1-BrFdXudhDAhHlvE6Ze8EvUSBkmKoehgTrKv1rM >.
Doug Palmer, 2017/10/12. “Revolt of the business groups”, 《POLITICO》, .
Doug Palmer, 2017/10/12. “Revolt of the business groups”,《POLITICO》, < https://www.politico.com/tipsheets/morning-trade/2017/10/12/revolt-of-the-business-groups-222773?fbclid=IwAR38wJ5VMfPfRqiZMfjW2tkTFmz_EuY2YWb6weUfp-gfUfP9R4_Hfe-Xfio >.
Edward Helmore, 2017/10/12. “Trump warns it’s ‘possible’ the US will drop out of Nafta,”《The Guardian》,< https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/12/trump-warns-its-possible-the-us-will-drop-out-of-nafta >.
Edwin Lopez, 2018/10/2. “Timeline: How a new North American trade deal happened”,《SUPPLYCHAINDIVE》, < https://www.supplychaindive.com/news/NAFTA-timeline-how-USMCA-happened/538663/>.
Edwin Lopez, 2018/5/1. “US delays steel, aluminum tariffs until June,” 《SUPPLYCHAINDIVE》, < https://www.supplychaindive.com/news/us-delays-steel-aluminum-tariffs-june/522535/?fbclid=IwAR2ujqRuuWTiU2vi2qK1lQcWWv16JM5UxGeWJZ-kVzG5M5dsq1-5nK_izQY >.
Edwin Lopez, 2018/5/7. “Round 9: The final NAFTA countdown,” 《SUPPLYCHAINDIVE》, < https://www.supplychaindive.com/news/nafta-round-9-final-countdown-lame-duck/522952/?fbclid=IwAR1GJGVlsN9j_8WH3piEsjnhnqwyRP71S8IsDnZfgMUMQco0dGtflNgFk54>.
Eric Kulisch, 2017/6/5. “Automakers urged to prepare for NAFTA changes”, 《Automotive News》, .
Frances Hadfield, 2017/8, “NAFTA renegotiation: apparel, fashion, and many retail brands vs. textile industry,”《crowell morning》, < https://www.crowell.com/NewsEvents/AlertsNewsletters/all/The-Month-in-International-Trade-August-2017?fbclid=IwAR0WnKvilUgv2Z1eE9w6eQZ92eN8_KRFCscZ1cW_4lXMRgxz9l8XzlSUfHs>。
Frances Hadfield, 2017/8. “NAFTA renegotiation: apparel, fashion, and many retail brands vs. textile industry”,《Crowell Morning》, .
Julia Clark, 2017/9/22. ‘views from Mexico, Canada and The US: Trade and NAFTA,’ 《Ipsos》, < https://www.ipsos.com/en-us/news-polls/mexico-canada-us-trade-nafta-2017-09 >
Kayla Tausche, 2018/8/21. “A US-Mexico deal? Not without Congress”, 《CNBC》,< https://www.cnbc.com/2018/08/21/a-us-mexico-deal-not-without-congress.html?fbclid=IwAR0BsI2CXV-IYLN0vP50vsMlEufvNnctT_OISLMRiqZtx83ZzCse_ikwKtI>.
Kevin Liptak and Dan Merica, 2017/4/27. “Trump agrees ‘not to terminate NAFTA at this time”,《CNN》, < https://edition.cnn.com/2017/04/26/politics/trump-nafta/index.html >.
Kimberly Amadeo, 2021/2/4. “Trump’s NAFTA changes,”《The Balance》, < https://www.thebalance.com/donald-trump-nafta-4111368#how-trump-could-have-easily-ended-nafta>.
Mark Landler and Binyamin Appelbaum, 2017/4/26. “Trump tells foreign leaders that Nafta can stay for now”,《The New York Times》, < https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/26/us/politics/nafta-executive-order-trump.html>.
Simon Lester, 2018/3/21. “Brady-Lighthizer ISDS exchange (transcript),” International Economic Law and Policy Blog,< https://worldtradelaw.typepad.com/ielpblog/2018/03/brady-lighthizer-isds-exchange.html>.
Sonja puzic, 2017/2/13. “Trump says NAFTA deal with Canada will only be ‘tweaked”, 《CTV news》, .
Stefan Selig, 2017/12/4. “The Trump administration is in danger of making a ‘huge’ mistake in Nafta talks”,《CNBC》, .
United States General Accounting Office(GAO), 1994/10. “NAFTA Structure and Status of Implementing Organizations,”
USTR, 2017/10/17. “Closing Statement of USTR Robert Lighthizer at the Fourth Round of NAFTA Renegotiations”, < https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2017/october/closing-statement-ustr-robert?fbclid=IwAR3fzeNpsFz9Hgj06fWp4c1mZjMDPEadgLOtPI9gQklbIbZAhUdEbgQokC8 >.
USTR, 2018/1/29.“Closing Statement of USTR Robert Lighthizer at the Sixth Round of NAFTA Renegotiations”, < https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/fact-sheets/2018/january/closing-statement-ustr-robert?fbclid=IwAR0f1dgoJHIp2JPoQOrzDCJqRxG86YzHQUZeIZEAuBEVQ77b5fD5Mf13F-c >.
USTR, 2018/3/5.“Statement of USTR Robert Lighthizer at the Closing of the Seventh Round of NAFTA Renegotiations”, < https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2018/february/statement-ustr-robert-lighthizer?fbclid=IwAR2vicfDcl1-0ehPtfbXd2L_jPD-gmjv8nnFnMddZRJWMnb9WvyJBOAexgY >.
USTR,2017/09/27,”Trilateral Statement on the Conclusion of the Third Round of NAFTA Negotiations “,《Trilateral Statement on the Conclusion of the Third Round of NAFTA Negotiations》, .
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
外交學系
106253019
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106253019
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 鄧中堅zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Teng, Chung-Chianen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 徐韋宇zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Hsu, Wei-Yuen_US
dc.creator (作者) 徐韋宇zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Hsu, Wei-Yuen_US
dc.date (日期) 2021en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-Sep-2021 17:56:59 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-Sep-2021 17:56:59 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Sep-2021 17:56:59 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0106253019en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/137097-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 外交學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 106253019zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 北美地區貿易制度因川普的上任而引發劇烈的變動,啟動NAFTA走上現代化一途,並奠定在NAFTA舊結構的基礎上發展出嶄新的USMCA結構。本文試圖藉由重視實踐活動的建構主義,來觀察美國內部觀念連動國家政策的改變以及北美三國互構之過程,並借用Susan K. Sell教授研究智慧財產權全球化的框架,分別訂定出北美貿易的結構、制度與能動者(行為者),並輔以建構主義的理論內容,描述北美區域間的貿易狀態的變化以及了解造成其改變之動力。
本文將產生新循環的過程分為國家與其內部因素探討,以及三國國家間交往、辯論、合作兩個層次,以增進對個別國家內部意識形態、物質條件、政策背景等因素的了解,並進一步觀察涵蓋以上內部因素的個別能動者彼此的交流與互動,以了解行為者間實踐形成的新文化或規範。如前所述,川普的就任是開啟北美貿易結構與制度改革的濫觴,因此本文著重於美國內部對北美貿易新觀念的討論,並以美國為出發點,來觀察川普「美國第一」觀念在國內與國際間的發展與成效。
研究發現,從北美自由貿易協定到美墨加協定的過程中,國家利益中經濟福祉的內涵並非物質上的實質收益,還有國家在歷史發展中附帶的認同來決定;此外,由國家利益發展而成之國家政策是一個不斷變動的循環,當社會結構改變或行為者觀念轉變時,進而影響一國國家政策的修正與重塑。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The trade institutions in North America experiences a drastic change due to Trump’s administration, modernize NAFTA and the development of USMCA structure, which is based on the original NAFTA as cornerstone. Through constructivism, this article attempts to observe the change of United States’ national policies which is driven by its internal idea, and the development among the three North American countries. With Prof. Susan K. Sell’s research framework on the globalization of intellectual property rights, the author defines the structure, institutions, and agents in North American Trade; integrating with the constructivism theories, this article aims to describe the trading dynamic among north American region and its effecting motions.
This article separates the process of the new cycle into two levels: study on state and its own internal factors and interaction, debate, and cooperation among three countries, to understand more about individual state’s ideology, material conditions, and policy background; furthermore, to realize how actors practiced the new culture or rules by observing the way the three respective states communicate.
As mentioned above, Trump’s appointment was the beginning of the reform of North American trade structure and institutions. Therefore, this article focuses on the discussion of the new concept of North American trade within the United States, and uses the United States as a starting point to observe the development and effects of Trump`s "America First" concept domestically and internationally.
According to studies, economic surplus in national interests provided through the development from NAFTA to USMCA are not materialistic, along with the nation’s self-recognition in history development. Besides, national policies developed from national interest is a dynamic cycle. The change of social structure or any behavioral concepts affects the revision and reshaping a country’s national policy.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 目錄
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與背景 1
第二節 研究目的與問題 3
第三節 研究方法 4
壹、個案研究法 4
貳、論述分析法 5
第四節 研究架構與章節安排 5
壹、研究架構 5
貳、章節安排 7
第五節 研究範圍與資料來源 7
壹、研究範圍 7
貳、研究限制 7
參、資料來源 8
第二章 理論回顧與文獻探討 10
第一節 相關理論回顧 10
壹、建構主義 10
貳、理論應用 14
第二節 美國策略下NAFTA的演進 17
壹、NAFTA形成背景 17
貳、認同的形塑 23
第三節 美國貿易政策的演變 31
第三章 改變NAFTA的能動者 36
第一節 美國行政部門 36
壹、川普形塑公平貿易的觀念 36
貳、川普政府對NAFTA的立場和策略 44
第二節 美國國會、利益團體的影響 54
第三節 加拿大、墨西哥對NAFTA之觀念 60
壹、加拿大經貿觀念取向 60
貳、墨西哥的經貿觀念取向 62
第四章 USMCA談判回合 67
第一節 新舊貿易協定之主要差異 67
第二節 美國對談判的推進 71
第三節 加拿大、墨西哥對談判的影響 76
第四節 小結 82
第五章 結論 85
第一節 研究總結 85
第二節 未來研究方向 89
參考文獻 93
zh_TW
dc.format.extent 2246075 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106253019en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 建構主義zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 北美自由貿易協定zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 美墨加協定zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 川普zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Constructivismen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) NAFTAen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) USMCAen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Donald Trumpen_US
dc.title (題名) 從北美自由貿易協定到美國‒墨西哥‒加拿大協議:川普「美國第一」觀念的發揚zh_TW
dc.title (題名) From NAFTA to USMCA: The practice of Trump’s idea “America First”en_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、 中文部分
(一) 專書
Alexander Wendt著,秦亞青譯,2000。《國際政治的社會理論》。上海:上海世紀 出版集團
史蒂芬・華特(Stephen M. Walt)著,林詠心譯,2019。,《以善意鋪成的地獄-菁英的僵化和霸權的衰落,重啟大棋局也注定失敗的美國外交政策》(The Hell of Good Intentions: America’s Foreign Policy Elite and the Decline of U.S. Primacy)。台北:麥田出版。
何思因,1994。《美國貿易政治》。台北:時英出版社。
秦亞青主編,2006。《文化與國際社會:建構主義國際關係理論研究》。中國:世界知識出版社。
張亞中、張登及主編,2020。《國際關係總論(第五版)》。新北:揚智文化。
陳澤義,2017。《研究方法:解決問題導向》。新北:普林斯頓國際。
廖炳惠,2003。《關鍵詞200:文學與批評研究的通用辭彙編》。台北:麥田出版。
劉振環,2010。《美國貿易政策研究》。北京:法律出版社。
(二) 專書論文:
石雅如,2014。<墨西哥加入北美自由貿易區二十年之觀察(1994-2014)>,施正鋒主編,《認識各國自由貿易協定(FTA)》。(台北:台灣國際研究學會),頁83-85。
廖小娟,2020。〈社會建構主義及英國學派〉,張亞中、張登及主編,《國際關係總論(第五版)》(台北:揚智),頁165。
賴怡忠,2014。<美國的自由貿易協定政策-策略、過程、與美台FTA>,施正鋒主編,《認識各國自由貿易協定(FTA)》(台北市:台灣國際研究學會,2014年),頁59-61。
(三) 期刊論文
王國璋,1998年。<區域意識、政黨認同與加拿大選民投票行為之長期分析>,《問題與研究》,第37卷,第12期, 12月,頁47-78。
宋學文,2008/12。<層次分析對國際關係研究的重要性及模型建構>,《問題與研究》,第47卷,第4期,頁167-199。
林麗芳,2018/12,<美墨加協定(USMCA)對美國農業之影響及其意涵>,《農政與農情》,第318期,頁44-50。
邱俊榮,2018/12,<從NAFTA到USMCA:解析美國國際貿易新戰略>,《新世紀智庫論壇》,第84期,頁29-36。
邱俊榮,2018/12。<從NAFTA到USMCA:解析美國國際貿易新戰略>,《新世紀智庫論壇》,第84期,頁29-36。
紀舜傑,2018/09。<墨西哥的國家認同¬¬‒被殖民與霸鄰的糾葛>,《台灣國際研究季刊》,第14卷,第3期,頁115-138。
涂志玲,2005/08。<從NAFTA十年成效看看南北型區域經濟合作>,《世界經濟與政治論壇》,第2005卷,第4期,頁7-12。
陳麗芬,2014。<「貿易促進授權法Trade Promotion Authority, TPA」與國會在貿易政策中的角色>,《貿易政策論叢》,第21期,頁45-64。
鄧中堅,1994,<北美自由貿易區的南向發展>,《美歐月刊》,第九卷第七期,頁:33-44。
游美惠,2000/08。<內容分析、文本分析與論述分析在社會研究的運用>,《調查研究》,第八期,頁82-85。
劉大年,2019/09。<美國川普政府的貿易政策>,《經濟前瞻》,第185期,頁9-12。
劉芸昕,2017/10/11,<北美自由貿易協定重啟談判 三國爭議難解>,《經貿法訊》,第219期,頁11-14。
謝文澤,2001。<貿易自由化對墨西哥製造業的影響>,《拉丁美洲研究》,第23卷,第3期,頁38-43。
顏慧欣、鄭昀欣,2018/06/29,< NAFTA 重談之進展與意涵分析>,《中華經濟研究院(WTO及RTA中心)電子報》,第606期,頁3-9。
魏艾,2018/11。<新「北美自由貿易協定」的政經意涵和影響>,《海峽評論》,第335期,頁6-9。
蘇振興,2004。<新自由主義與拉丁美洲>,《拉丁美洲研究》,第26卷,第2期,頁4-19。
(四) 網路與電子化資料
盧其宏編輯,<什麼是ISDS(投資人對地主國爭端解決機制)?>,《焦點事件》,
湯姆・巴特勒-鮑登(Tom Butler-Bowdon),<《一次讀懂商業經典》:交易就是我的藝術形式-唐納川普《交易的藝術》>,《關鍵評論網》,2019年12月8日,〈https://www.thenewslens.com/article/128223〉。
劉志宏,<經濟民族主義的幽靈>,《天下雜誌》,2011年4月28日,〈https://www.cw.com.tw/article/5006778?fbclid=IwAR0LDgwiBP6BnYjQzp-kjptP9JhCJlg7TxEfMdQHSvvGRqn2vWoYtLpRbm4〉。
賈培德,<甚麼是美國的TPA?我們真的有必要向TPA學習嗎?>,《聯合報》,2014年8月22日,< https://opinion.udn.com/opinion/story/5783/102084?fbclid=IwAR0cy23uYuvyxXPAB13o53_haiUm2Kj6PxZvUcqOejeWUNlxHe9xD9RXNLM >
地球圖輯隊,<川普踏上墨西哥 民眾:你不受歡迎>,2016年9月1日,〈https://dq.yam.com/post.php?id=6514〉。
BBC中文網,<「人物:特朗普女婿兼高參庫什納何許人?」>,2016年11月17日,〈https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world/2016/11/161117_profile_us_kushner〉。
蔡佳穎,<2016年被忽略的加拿大 總理:經濟與環保可以兼顧>,《台灣英文新聞》,2016年12月19日,〈https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/ch/news/3053067?fbclid=IwAR0eY09uTyT0MrUl7XYrpxBYfUZ8eaFeA30T_9JeTCSL4agaIjYjJ9H4qUU〉。
聶廷榛,<川普呼籲加速重啟NAFTA談判>,《中華經濟研究院》,2017年2月9日,< https://web.wtocenter.org.tw/mobile/page.aspx?pid=289515&nid=15483 >。
李淳,< RTA/各國情勢分析:美國重談NAFTA談判目標之評析>,《中華經濟研究院WTO及RTA中心》,2017年7月31日 ,
聶廷榛,,《中華經濟研究院》,2017年8月10日,
吳寧康,< NAFTA第二輪談判登場將進入深水區>,《中央廣播電台》,2017年9月1日,< https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/366184> 。
經濟部國際合作處,<「北美自由貿易協定」(NAFTA)重新談判第三回合諮商之進展及各界反應>,2017年9月30日,
李宜靜,< NAFTA第三回合更新談判中小企業取得進展,但仍有部分意見分歧>,《中華經濟研究院WTO及RTA中心》,2017年10月5日,< https://web.wtocenter.org.tw/Mobile/page.aspx?pid=298550&nid=120 >。
羅絜,,《中華經濟研究院WTO及RTA中心》,2017年10月19日,
< NAFTA第五輪談判落幕美墨加三方仍存在“重大分歧”>,《REUTERS》,2017年11月22日,< https://www.reuters.com/article/nafta-big-differences-1121-tuesday-idCNKBS1DM029 >。
經濟部國際合作處,<北美自由貿易協定(NAFTA)重啟談判第五回合諮商進展>,2017年12月1日,< https://www.moea.gov.tw/mns/ietc/bulletin/Bulletin.aspx?kind=31&html=1&menu_id=17131&bull_id=4881 >。
顏慧欣,< RTA/各國情勢分析:NAFTA第六回合談判進展>,《中華經濟研究院WTO及RTA中心》,2018年1月31日,< https://web.wtocenter.org.tw/Page.aspx?pid=304308&nid=13369&fbclid=IwAR1551gKu1cXuJvNyw8ZAZXktNruQW-uhi4rwtZPxdsV71npMIqYa_gxHm4 >。
吳承憲,< NAFTA展開第八回合談判,三方對汽車原產地規則仍未達成共識>,《中華經濟研究院WTO及RTA中心》,2018年4月26日,< https://web.wtocenter.org.tw/Page.aspx?pid=307277&nid=492 >。
地球圖輯隊,<參選三次終於當選 墨西哥左翼新總統出爐>,2018年7月2日,〈https://dq.yam.com/post.php?id=9545〉。
自由財經,<墨西哥新政府善意?稱有望年底前談成NAFTA修訂>,2018年7月5日,〈https://ec.ltn.com.tw/article/breakingnews/2479222〉。
鄭力軒,<30年前的美日貿易衝突,能給今日的中美貿易戰帶來什麼啟示?>,《關鍵評論網》,2018年07月27日,
顏慧欣,< RTA/各國情勢分析:NAFTA重啟談判之首輪成果與展望>,《中華經濟研究院WTO及RTA中心》,2018年8月31日,< https://web.wtocenter.org.tw/Page.aspx?pid=297903&nid=13369&fbclid=IwAR01vfetB0c8VHC52FW4o1L9ef_SiEEh-xvrj_dQ-jE_y_KPI_Nx6trwMeo >。
林靖豪編輯,<北美自由貿易協定(NAFTA)是什麼?>,《焦點事件》,2018年10月12日,﹤https://www.eventsinfocus.org/issues/324﹥。
于國欽,<依賴美國的風險>,《工商時報》,2018年10月14日,
<美國推「毒丸條款」:在貿易上孤立中國的重型武器>,《BBC》,2018年10月16日,
李秉芳,<美國眾議院通過新版『美墨加貿易協定』,面臨彈劾的川普獲「政治勝利」>,《關鍵評論網》,2019年12月20日,﹤https://www.thenewslens.com/article/129029﹥
李濠仲,<李濠仲專欄:從五種美國人中選擇台灣結盟對象>,《上報》,2020年7月3日,〈https://www.upmedia.mg/news_info.php?SerialNo=90579〉。
駐墨西哥代表處經濟組,<美墨加協定(USMCA)生效對墨國汽車業影響分析>,《經濟部國際合作處》2020年10月30日,
二、 英文部分
(一) 專書
David A. Lake,1988. Power, protection, and Free Trade: International Sources of U.S. Commercial Strategy, 1887-1939 .Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
E. H. Carr, 1964.The Twenty Years` Crisis. Harper Perennial.
Imtiaz Hussain, 2012. “NAFTA’s 15-Year Itch,” in Reevaluating NAFTA: Theory and Practice. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Jean Chrétien, 2008.My Years as Prime Minister. Canada: Vintage Canada.
John Bolton, 2020. The Room Where It Happened: A White House Memoir, Simon & Schuster Inc.
John Herd Thompson, and Stephen J. Randall,2002. Canada and the United States: Ambivalent Allies, 3rd ed. Montreal: McGill-Queens’ University Press.
Joseph A. McKinney, 2000.Created from NAFTA: The Structure, Function, and Significance of the Treaty’s Related Institutions. New York: Routledge.
Robert A. Pastor, 2001.Toward a North American Community: Lessons from the Old World for the New. Washington, D.C.: Peterson Institute for International Economics.
Robert O. Keohane,1984. After hegemony: Cooperation and discord in the world political economy. Princeton.NJ: Princeton University Press.
Susan Sell,2003. Private Power, Public Law. Washington DC: Cambridge University Press.
(二) 專書論文
Richard G. Lipsey, “Canada and the United States: The Economic Dimensions,” in Charles F. Doran, and John H. Sigler, eds. Canada and the United States: Enduring Friendship, Persistent Stress, (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1985), pp. 90-93.
(三) 期刊論文
Akiko Yanai, 2002/03. “The Function of the MFN clause in the Global Trading System,” IDE APEC STUDY CENTER Working Paper Series 01/02, No.3, p1-21.
G. John Ikenberry,2018/1,“The end of liberal international order?”, International Affair, Vol. 94 , pp.7-23.
Greg Anderson, 2008/07. “The Institutions of NAFTA,” NORTEAMÉRICA, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 11-41.
Harold Hongju Koh, 1997/06. “Why do nations obey international law,” Yale Law Journal, no.106, pp. 2599-2659.
(四) 網路與電子化資料
“A closer look at round five of the NAFTA negotiations “, 2017/12/04,《DENTONS》, < https://www.dentons.com/en/insights/articles/2017/december/4/a-closer-look-at-round-five-of-the-nafta-negotiations?fbclid=IwAR0OQI_xQnBuoxFuIOjVDG4A-O8Te4iJAZnietzoqVYNoZ3KZoVaNkRygmY >.
“A closer look at round five of the NAFTA negotiations “, 2017/12/04,《DENTONS》, < https://www.dentons.com/en/insights/articles/2017/december/4/a-closer-look-at-round-five-of-the-nafta-negotiations?fbclid=IwAR0Q-XaGUa_z2xcg-8NYwdGyvy-gXaw7caqDB47M4i28jtwRQwFiK2ZVggs >.
“A closer look at round four of the NAFTA negotiations”, 2017/10/25,《DENTONS》, < https://www.dentons.com/en/insights/alerts/2017/october/25/a-closer-look-at-round-four-of-the-nafta-negotiations?fbclid=IwAR3DV36h0kqgb7hBmQtpeS1s9cZ9NjckbRNWfR4peWGGD2_ukGGH5qBULPM >.
“A closer look at round seven of the NAFTA negotiations “, 2018/03/19,《DENTONS》, < https://www.dentons.com/en/insights/alerts/2018/march/19/a-closer-look-at-round-seven-of-the-nafta-negotiations >.
“A closer look at round six of the NAFTA negotiations “, 2018/02/12,《DENTONS》, < https://www.dentons.com/en/insights/alerts/2018/february/12/a-closer-look-at-round-six-of-the-nafta-negotiations >.
“Canada`s Bombardier jets hit with 220% U.S. duty”, 2017/09/27,《CBS NEWS》, < https://www.cbsnews.com/news/canadas-bombardier-jets-hit-with-220-u-s-duty/>.
“Full transcript: 2016 vice presidential debate,” 2016/10/05. 《POLITICO》, < https://www.politico.com/story/2016/10/full-transcript-2016-vice-presidential-debate-229185>.
“Full transcript: Third 2016 presidential debate,” 2016/10/20. 《POLITICO》, < https://www.politico.com/story/2016/10/full-transcript-third-2016-presidential-debate-230063>.
“Here’s Donald Trump’s Presidential Announcement Speech,”《TIME》, 2015/6/16, < https://time.com/3923128/donald-trump-announcement-speech/>.
“Here’s the full text of Donald Trump’s victory speech,” 2016/11/09. CNN Politics, < https://edition.cnn.com/2016/11/09/politics/donald-trump-victory-speech/index.html>
“NAFTA UPDATE - ROUND 8”, 2018/5/4, 《Pacific NorthWest Economic Region》,< http://www.pnwer.org/blog/nafta-update-round-8 >.
“RENEGOTIATING NAFTA: ROUND 4 “, 2017/11/14,《BDO CANADA》, < https://www.bdo.ca/en-ca/insights/tax/international-tax/renegotiating-nafta-round-4/?fbclid=IwAR0jjJdSoVgp7LUIl6peEvq9g1a_cNNT2NZT4WHwKw20EDESXGsYOIK_3Kw >.
“RENEGOTIATING NAFTA: ROUND 4”, 2017/11/14,《BDO CANADA》, < https://www.bdo.ca/en-ca/insights/tax/international-tax/renegotiating-nafta-round-4/?fbclid=IwAR2xasWtyR9QtFOTTjZ903J6H_laCWooKooa69yMPcl5VqnE1uToYES_G3A >.
“SUMMARY OF NAFTA ROUND 2 NEGOTIATIONS “, 2017/09/18,《BDO CANADA》, < https://www.bdo.ca/en-ca/insights/tax/international-tax/summary-of-nafta-round-2-negotiations/?fbclid=IwAR2rEk3-DTA1taSi954VlbfiE3NFHyEBbnTw4KK1wlyD8oj9CtMq_AjTLQM >.
“Transcript of the second debate,” 2016/10/10.《The New York Times》, < https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/10/us/politics/transcript-second-debate.html >.
“Trump renews threat to scrap NAFTA going into next round of talks”, 2017/8/27.《Reuters》,< https://www.reuters.com/article/us-trade-nafta-idUSKCN1B70NA >.
“Trump vows to back U.S. dairy farmers in Canada trade spat,” 2017/4/19, 《Reuters》, .
“US and Canada reach new trade deal to replace Nafta,” 2019/10/1, 《BBC News》, .
Aaron Blake, 2016/9/27. “The first Trump-Clinton presidential debate transcript, annotated,”《The Washington post》. < https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/09/26/the-first-trump-clinton-presidential-debate-transcript-annotated/>.
Adam Behsudi, 2017/11/09. “Farmers move to defy Trump on NAFTA”, 《POLITICO》, < https://www.politico.com/story/2017/11/09/trump-nafta-farmers-defy-244769?fbclid=IwAR3HErFQCnotUoRnU0ojKXaNNPrSqj-O4SsMOYrzh4gzR4dppP0VZJMGaAI >.
Ashifa Kassam and David Agren, 2017/8/8. “Canada v Mexico: Trump seeks to divide and conquer in Nafta negotiations,” 《The Guardian》, < https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/aug/08/canada-v-mexico-trump-seeks-to-divide-and-conquer-in-nafta-negotiations >.
Brent Patterson, 2018.“Trump’s Trade War Prompts Threats of Retaliatory Tariffs, Questions about the Future of NAFTA,” 《The Council of Canadians》.< https://canadians.org/analysis/trumps-trade-war-prompts-threats-retaliatory-tariffs-questions-about-future-nafta>.
Celeste Drake, 2018/3/6, ”Don’t let wall street profiteers scare you: Trade Enforcement≠ Trade War,” 《AFL-CIO》, < https://aflcio.org/2018/3/6/dont-let-wall-street-profiteers-scare-you-trade-enforcement-trade-war >
Celeste Drake, 2018/3/6. ”Don’t let wall street profiteers scare you: Trade Enforcement≠ Trade War”, 《AFL-CIO》, .
David Agren, ” Mexico warns that abandoning Nafta could end broader cooperation with US “, 2017/10/11,《The Guardian》, < https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/10/mexico-nafta-luis-videgaray-warning-trump?fbclid=IwAR133EnzQHo5mz5_02YNVrhc0EzcYiDwSGLoXe92z6qefLQjLKOOk7qJUGM >.
David Smith, 2018/8/28. “Trump announces US-Mexico trade deal, setting stage for NAfta overhaul”,《The Guardian》, < https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/aug/27/trump-nafta-us-mexico-trade-understanding-latest>.
Deborah Collier, 2018/9/18. “New trade agreement includes strong intellectual property protections,”《Morning Consult, < https://morningconsult.com/opinions/new-trade-agreement-includes-strong-intellectual-property-protections/?fbclid=IwAR1uzTBo9TPRc-j9fYH1-BrFdXudhDAhHlvE6Ze8EvUSBkmKoehgTrKv1rM >.
Doug Palmer, 2017/10/12. “Revolt of the business groups”, 《POLITICO》, .
Doug Palmer, 2017/10/12. “Revolt of the business groups”,《POLITICO》, < https://www.politico.com/tipsheets/morning-trade/2017/10/12/revolt-of-the-business-groups-222773?fbclid=IwAR38wJ5VMfPfRqiZMfjW2tkTFmz_EuY2YWb6weUfp-gfUfP9R4_Hfe-Xfio >.
Edward Helmore, 2017/10/12. “Trump warns it’s ‘possible’ the US will drop out of Nafta,”《The Guardian》,< https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/12/trump-warns-its-possible-the-us-will-drop-out-of-nafta >.
Edwin Lopez, 2018/10/2. “Timeline: How a new North American trade deal happened”,《SUPPLYCHAINDIVE》, < https://www.supplychaindive.com/news/NAFTA-timeline-how-USMCA-happened/538663/>.
Edwin Lopez, 2018/5/1. “US delays steel, aluminum tariffs until June,” 《SUPPLYCHAINDIVE》, < https://www.supplychaindive.com/news/us-delays-steel-aluminum-tariffs-june/522535/?fbclid=IwAR2ujqRuuWTiU2vi2qK1lQcWWv16JM5UxGeWJZ-kVzG5M5dsq1-5nK_izQY >.
Edwin Lopez, 2018/5/7. “Round 9: The final NAFTA countdown,” 《SUPPLYCHAINDIVE》, < https://www.supplychaindive.com/news/nafta-round-9-final-countdown-lame-duck/522952/?fbclid=IwAR1GJGVlsN9j_8WH3piEsjnhnqwyRP71S8IsDnZfgMUMQco0dGtflNgFk54>.
Eric Kulisch, 2017/6/5. “Automakers urged to prepare for NAFTA changes”, 《Automotive News》, .
Frances Hadfield, 2017/8, “NAFTA renegotiation: apparel, fashion, and many retail brands vs. textile industry,”《crowell morning》, < https://www.crowell.com/NewsEvents/AlertsNewsletters/all/The-Month-in-International-Trade-August-2017?fbclid=IwAR0WnKvilUgv2Z1eE9w6eQZ92eN8_KRFCscZ1cW_4lXMRgxz9l8XzlSUfHs>。
Frances Hadfield, 2017/8. “NAFTA renegotiation: apparel, fashion, and many retail brands vs. textile industry”,《Crowell Morning》, .
Julia Clark, 2017/9/22. ‘views from Mexico, Canada and The US: Trade and NAFTA,’ 《Ipsos》, < https://www.ipsos.com/en-us/news-polls/mexico-canada-us-trade-nafta-2017-09 >
Kayla Tausche, 2018/8/21. “A US-Mexico deal? Not without Congress”, 《CNBC》,< https://www.cnbc.com/2018/08/21/a-us-mexico-deal-not-without-congress.html?fbclid=IwAR0BsI2CXV-IYLN0vP50vsMlEufvNnctT_OISLMRiqZtx83ZzCse_ikwKtI>.
Kevin Liptak and Dan Merica, 2017/4/27. “Trump agrees ‘not to terminate NAFTA at this time”,《CNN》, < https://edition.cnn.com/2017/04/26/politics/trump-nafta/index.html >.
Kimberly Amadeo, 2021/2/4. “Trump’s NAFTA changes,”《The Balance》, < https://www.thebalance.com/donald-trump-nafta-4111368#how-trump-could-have-easily-ended-nafta>.
Mark Landler and Binyamin Appelbaum, 2017/4/26. “Trump tells foreign leaders that Nafta can stay for now”,《The New York Times》, < https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/26/us/politics/nafta-executive-order-trump.html>.
Simon Lester, 2018/3/21. “Brady-Lighthizer ISDS exchange (transcript),” International Economic Law and Policy Blog,< https://worldtradelaw.typepad.com/ielpblog/2018/03/brady-lighthizer-isds-exchange.html>.
Sonja puzic, 2017/2/13. “Trump says NAFTA deal with Canada will only be ‘tweaked”, 《CTV news》, .
Stefan Selig, 2017/12/4. “The Trump administration is in danger of making a ‘huge’ mistake in Nafta talks”,《CNBC》, .
United States General Accounting Office(GAO), 1994/10. “NAFTA Structure and Status of Implementing Organizations,”
USTR, 2017/10/17. “Closing Statement of USTR Robert Lighthizer at the Fourth Round of NAFTA Renegotiations”, < https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2017/october/closing-statement-ustr-robert?fbclid=IwAR3fzeNpsFz9Hgj06fWp4c1mZjMDPEadgLOtPI9gQklbIbZAhUdEbgQokC8 >.
USTR, 2018/1/29.“Closing Statement of USTR Robert Lighthizer at the Sixth Round of NAFTA Renegotiations”, < https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/fact-sheets/2018/january/closing-statement-ustr-robert?fbclid=IwAR0f1dgoJHIp2JPoQOrzDCJqRxG86YzHQUZeIZEAuBEVQ77b5fD5Mf13F-c >.
USTR, 2018/3/5.“Statement of USTR Robert Lighthizer at the Closing of the Seventh Round of NAFTA Renegotiations”, < https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2018/february/statement-ustr-robert-lighthizer?fbclid=IwAR2vicfDcl1-0ehPtfbXd2L_jPD-gmjv8nnFnMddZRJWMnb9WvyJBOAexgY >.
USTR,2017/09/27,”Trilateral Statement on the Conclusion of the Third Round of NAFTA Negotiations “,《Trilateral Statement on the Conclusion of the Third Round of NAFTA Negotiations》, .
zh_TW
dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202101234en_US