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題名 伊朗革命衛隊在伊朗經濟之角色，2005-2017年
The Role of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps in Iran’s Economy, 2005-2017
作者 賴義中
Lai, Yi-Chung
貢獻者 魏百谷
Wei, Bai-Ku
賴義中
Lai, Yi-Chung
關鍵詞 伊朗
革命衛隊
內賈德
魯哈尼
哈梅尼
伊朗核協議
Iran
Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
Hassan Rouhani
Ali Khamenei
JCPOA
日期 2021
上傳時間 1-Oct-2021 10:16:31 (UTC+8)
摘要 伊朗革命衛隊(IRGC)普遍被認為在伊朗國內政治及區域地緣政治中均扮演重要角色。經過多年發展，革命衛隊已從一支高度意識形態化的軍隊演變為一個龐大的複合體，其影響力遍及伊朗社會的各個層面。革命衛隊不僅在伊朗干涉區域國家的各項行動中參與甚多，近年來更擴大其經濟實力，也讓國際學術圈相繼投入研究其發展。
為特別探究革命衛隊在伊朗經濟中之角色，本文首先爬梳了革命衛隊發展沿革，包含其成立、轉變及鞏固之過程，並著重於其自伊朗立國以來各時期的發展如何有助形塑其現階段的地位。其次，透過比較革命衛隊在Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (2005-2013)及Hassan Rouhani (2013-2017，第1任)兩位總統任內之發展，本文發現革命衛隊雖應國家早期建制需要執行任務，經過多年時間，其已發展出一定自主性及內部動能，且在面對多次民選政府及總統變更時，逐漸能夠主導自身議程。另一方面，革命衛隊的快速成長也引起伊朗國內及國際之關注，伊朗最高領導人Ali Khamenei作為憲法中革命衛隊之監管者，亦會擇時間接干涉調解，使革命衛隊不至於脫離政權掌控。此外，隨著國際政治情勢快速變化，革命衛隊與伊朗民選政府間的關係也愈趨複雜。結論中，本文認為革命衛隊與伊朗民選政府間的關係將持續由合作與衝突並存，而革命衛隊亦將持續追求自身利益、捍衛固有權力及維持現狀。
Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) is widely considered one of the most influential actors both within the domestic and regional geopolitics. Over the years, the IRGC has evolved from an ideological force to conglomerate whose tracks influence becomes visible in many aspects of the Iranian society. Besides heavily involving in Iran’s regional intervention, the IRGC has expanded its economic power in more recent years, which also draws increasing attention from the global academic sphere.
To expound the IRGC’s economic role per se, this thesis first reviews the formation, transition, and consolidation process of the IRGC, particularly how its development in different time phases had helped shape its current status. Secondly, by comparing the development respectively under two previous presidents, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (2005-2013) and Hassan Rouhani (2013-2017, first term), this thesis finds out that the IRGC, despite being responsive to the government’s need in early state-building, has cultivated its autonomy and internal dynamics overtime and has gradually adopts its own agenda when facing presidency changes. On the other hand, while the IRGC’s fast growth aroused concerns inside and outside Iran, the Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, who constitutionally oversees the IRGC, also mediated indirectly to bring the IRGC under the regime’s control. On top of that, fast-changing international political issues have further complicated the relations between the IRGC and the elected presidents. In conclusion, this thesis suggests that cooperation and confrontation should continue to co-exist in the relations of the IRGC and the Iranian government, while the IRGC will seek to pursue its own interests, defend its power, and remain the status quo.
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Working Papers
Bastani, Hossein. “How Powerful is Rouhani in the Islamic Republic?” Research paper for Chatham House, (November 2014): 1-17.
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Mohseni, Ebrahim, Nancy Gallagher and Clay Ramsay. “The Ramifications of Rouhani’s Re-election.” Working Paper for Center for International & Security Studies of the University of Maryland (July 2017): 1-36.
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Internet Articles
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News and Commentary
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“Supreme Leader Reaffirms Tax Exemption Status of Religious Foundation,” Kayhan, December 17, 2016. https://kayhanlife.com/society/human-rights/supreme-leader-reaffirms-tax-exemption-status-of-religious-foundation/
Tehran Bureau. “Iran’s Saeed Jalili: anointed successor or convenient bogeyman?” The Guardian, June 12, 2013. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/12/iran-saeed-jalili-presidential-election
Tehran Bureau. “Across the Zagros: Iranian influence in Iraqi Kurdistan.” The Guardian, November 21, 2013.
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Tehran Bureau. “Rouhani tries to get Iranians to pay their taxes,” the Guardian, February 5, 2015. https://www.theguardian.com/world/iran-blog/2015/feb/05/rouhani-tries-to-get-iranians-to-pay-their-taxes.
Tomlinson, Hugh. “Iran’s elite Guard runs global crime network pushing heroin to West: Senior commanders have been linked to lucrative drug operations.” The Times, November 11, 2011. https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/irans-elite-guard-runs-global-crime-network-pushing-heroin-to-west-nd9bjv3xxrz
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Torbati, Yeganeh. “Iran signs key oil contract with Khamenei-linked firm.” Reuters, October 5, 2016. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-oil-contract-idUSKCN1242BM
Wright, Robin. “Iranian Unit to Be Labeled ’Terrorist’.” Washington Post, August 15, 2007. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/14/AR2007081401662.html

Online Documents
Cimino-Isaacs, Cathleen D., Kenneth Katzman and Derek E. Mix. “Iran: Efforts to Preserve Economic Benefits of the Nuclear Deal.” Congressional Research Service IF10916, February 26, 2019.
https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=IF10916
Directorate of Intelligence. “Iran’s Revolutionary Guard: Armed Pillar of the Islamic Republic.” Central Intelligence Agency, January 1, 1987 (released on May 2012). https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP06T00412R000606580001-5.pdf
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Levitt, Matthew. “The Implications of Sanctions Relief under the Iran Agreement”, Testimony to the Senate Committee, August 5, 2015.
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Katzman, Kenneth. “Iran’s Foreign and Defense Policies.” Congressional Research Service R44017, June 15, 2017, 1-61.
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Katzman, Kenneth. “Iran Sanctions”. Congressional Research Service RS20871, updated April 6, 2021, 1-91. https://crsreports.congress.gov/search/#/?termsToSearch=iran%20sanctions&orderBy=Relevance
Levitt, Matthew. “Iran’s Support for Terrorism in the Middle East.” Testimony before the U.S. Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations, Subcommittee on Near Eastern and Central Asian Affairs, July 25, 2012. http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/testimony/LevittTestimony20120725.pdf
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
中東與中亞研究碩士學位學程
104560001
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0104560001
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 魏百谷zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Wei, Bai-Kuen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 賴義中zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lai, Yi-Chungen_US
dc.creator (作者) 賴義中zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Lai, Yi-Chungen_US
dc.date (日期) 2021en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Oct-2021 10:16:31 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Oct-2021 10:16:31 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Oct-2021 10:16:31 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0104560001en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/137332-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 中東與中亞研究碩士學位學程zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 104560001zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 伊朗革命衛隊(IRGC)普遍被認為在伊朗國內政治及區域地緣政治中均扮演重要角色。經過多年發展，革命衛隊已從一支高度意識形態化的軍隊演變為一個龐大的複合體，其影響力遍及伊朗社會的各個層面。革命衛隊不僅在伊朗干涉區域國家的各項行動中參與甚多，近年來更擴大其經濟實力，也讓國際學術圈相繼投入研究其發展。
為特別探究革命衛隊在伊朗經濟中之角色，本文首先爬梳了革命衛隊發展沿革，包含其成立、轉變及鞏固之過程，並著重於其自伊朗立國以來各時期的發展如何有助形塑其現階段的地位。其次，透過比較革命衛隊在Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (2005-2013)及Hassan Rouhani (2013-2017，第1任)兩位總統任內之發展，本文發現革命衛隊雖應國家早期建制需要執行任務，經過多年時間，其已發展出一定自主性及內部動能，且在面對多次民選政府及總統變更時，逐漸能夠主導自身議程。另一方面，革命衛隊的快速成長也引起伊朗國內及國際之關注，伊朗最高領導人Ali Khamenei作為憲法中革命衛隊之監管者，亦會擇時間接干涉調解，使革命衛隊不至於脫離政權掌控。此外，隨著國際政治情勢快速變化，革命衛隊與伊朗民選政府間的關係也愈趨複雜。結論中，本文認為革命衛隊與伊朗民選政府間的關係將持續由合作與衝突並存，而革命衛隊亦將持續追求自身利益、捍衛固有權力及維持現狀。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) is widely considered one of the most influential actors both within the domestic and regional geopolitics. Over the years, the IRGC has evolved from an ideological force to conglomerate whose tracks influence becomes visible in many aspects of the Iranian society. Besides heavily involving in Iran’s regional intervention, the IRGC has expanded its economic power in more recent years, which also draws increasing attention from the global academic sphere.
To expound the IRGC’s economic role per se, this thesis first reviews the formation, transition, and consolidation process of the IRGC, particularly how its development in different time phases had helped shape its current status. Secondly, by comparing the development respectively under two previous presidents, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (2005-2013) and Hassan Rouhani (2013-2017, first term), this thesis finds out that the IRGC, despite being responsive to the government’s need in early state-building, has cultivated its autonomy and internal dynamics overtime and has gradually adopts its own agenda when facing presidency changes. On the other hand, while the IRGC’s fast growth aroused concerns inside and outside Iran, the Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, who constitutionally oversees the IRGC, also mediated indirectly to bring the IRGC under the regime’s control. On top of that, fast-changing international political issues have further complicated the relations between the IRGC and the elected presidents. In conclusion, this thesis suggests that cooperation and confrontation should continue to co-exist in the relations of the IRGC and the Iranian government, while the IRGC will seek to pursue its own interests, defend its power, and remain the status quo.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Chapter 1: Introduction...1
Sec. 1.1 Research Background and Motives...1
Sec. 1.2 Research Questions and Aims...5
Sec. 1.3 Literature Review...6
Sec. 1.4 Research Design...14
Sec. 1.5 Chapter Outline...16
Chapter 2: Formation, Transition, and Consolidation of the IRGC (1979-2005)...18
Sec. 2.1 Gendarmerie: Creation and Institutionalization of the IRGC...19
Sec. 2.2 Martyrs: the IRGC in the Iran-Iraq War...24
Sec. 2.3 Rafsanjani: The Implication of Privatization...27
Sec. 2.4 Khatami: Tension and Confrontation...31
Sec. 2.5 Summary...35
Chapter 3: Aligning with Ahmadinejad: How IRGC Expands its Economic Influence (2005-2013)...37
Sec. 3.1 IRGC’s Economic Role in the Constitution...38
Sec. 3.2 Strategic Alliance of IRGC and Ahmadinejad...40
Sec. 3.3 IRGC Reaches Out for Oil and Gas...44
Sec. 3.4 Impact of the Sanctions...49
Sec. 3.5 Summary...55
Chapter 4: Diminishing Economic Influence: Rouhani’s Attempt to Contain the IRGC (2013-2017)...57
Sec. 4.1 Rouhani and Khamenei’s Approach to the IRGC...58
Sec. 4.2 Rouhani’s Reform and How the IRGC Responds...61
Sec. 4.3 JCPOA and its Implication for the IRGC...67
Sec. 4.4 Post-JCPOA Political-economic Landscape and the IRGC...69
Sec. 4.5 Summary...73
Chapter 5: Conclusion...75
Sec. 5.1 Research Findings...75
Sec. 5.2 Future Prospects...77
Bibliography...80		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1241891 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0104560001en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 伊朗zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 革命衛隊zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 內賈德zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 魯哈尼zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 哈梅尼zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 伊朗核協議zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Iranen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Mahmoud Ahmadinejaden_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Hassan Rouhanien_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Ali Khameneien_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) JCPOAen_US
dc.title (題名) 伊朗革命衛隊在伊朗經濟之角色，2005-2017年zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Role of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps in Iran’s Economy, 2005-2017en_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bibliography
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E-Books
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Working Papers
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http://www.ncr-iran.org/en/ncri-statements/terrorism-fundamentalism/7108-iran-ahmadinejads-cabinet-latest-step-for-total-domination-by-irgc-and-bassij-force
“Iran: Smuggled Commodities Have High Figures in Foreign Trade.” National Council of Resistance of Iran News, January 23, 2017. http://www.ncr-iran.org/en/news/economy/22015-iran-smuggled-commodities-have-high-figures-in-foreign-trade
“Iran: IRGC and Institutionalized Smuggling.” National Council of Resistance of Iran News, May 16, 2017. http://www.ncr-iran.org/en/news/election/iran-election-2017-articles/22812-iran-irgc-and-institutionalized-smuggling
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Online Documents
Cimino-Isaacs, Cathleen D., Kenneth Katzman and Derek E. Mix. “Iran: Efforts to Preserve Economic Benefits of the Nuclear Deal.” Congressional Research Service IF10916, February 26, 2019.
https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=IF10916
Directorate of Intelligence. “Iran’s Revolutionary Guard: Armed Pillar of the Islamic Republic.” Central Intelligence Agency, January 1, 1987 (released on May 2012). https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP06T00412R000606580001-5.pdf
Heuty, Antoine. “A Ticking Bomb? Iran’s Oil and Gas Management.” Briefing of Revenue Watch Institute, February 2012.
https://resourcegovernance.org/analysis-tools/publications/iran%E2%80%99s-oil-and-gas-management
Levitt, Matthew. “The Implications of Sanctions Relief under the Iran Agreement”, Testimony to the Senate Committee, August 5, 2015.
https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-114shrg97883/html/CHRG-114shrg97883.htm
Katzman, Kenneth. “Iran’s Foreign and Defense Policies.” Congressional Research Service R44017, June 15, 2017, 1-61.
https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=R44017
Katzman, Kenneth. “Iran Sanctions”. Congressional Research Service RS20871, updated April 6, 2021, 1-91. https://crsreports.congress.gov/search/#/?termsToSearch=iran%20sanctions&orderBy=Relevance
Levitt, Matthew. “Iran’s Support for Terrorism in the Middle East.” Testimony before the U.S. Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations, Subcommittee on Near Eastern and Central Asian Affairs, July 25, 2012. http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/testimony/LevittTestimony20120725.pdf
Natural Resource Governance Institute. “Islamic Republic of Iran: Oil Stabilization Fund and the National Development Fund of Iran” in National Resource Funds, February 2014, 1-12. https://resourcegovernance.org/natural-resource-funds		zh_TW
dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202101586en_US