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題名 俄國綠色經濟 : 最佳可行技術政策
Russia`s Green Economy : The Policy of Best Available Techniques作者 董靜樺
Tung, Ching-Hua貢獻者 魏百谷
董靜樺
Tung, Ching-Hua關鍵詞 綠色經濟
最佳可行技術
能源效率
製程技術
永續發展
環境保護
政策制定
汙染排放
Green economy
Best available techniques
Energy efficiency
Process technology
Sustainable development
Environmental protection
Policy formulation
Pollution emission日期 2021 上傳時間 1-Nov-2021 12:13:00 (UTC+8) 摘要 經濟環境友善，是時下的重要議題，而經濟活動中的製程技術更與之息息相關。本研究旨在探討能源稟賦國─俄羅斯，其綠色經濟發展現況，與最佳可行技術政策(以下簡稱BAT)之立法與執行。本研究採用文獻分析法，並以2007年，俄國訂定「國家環境日」之時點為分界，進行前後差異比對，利用量化數據與質化成果為整體之論述。首先，經由資料數據蒐集，採用俄國碳排放量、GDP能源強度，以及該國耗能產業之占比等，進行交互分析。針對歷年數據觀之，俄國碳排放量及GDP能源強度，與他國相比僅能望其項背，在近期只有微幅進步，而在2007年後，無明顯差異。另質化部分，綠色經濟環境則明顯得到改善，政府態度趨於積極，更在2021年6月通過《限制溫室氣體排放及引入碳報告之法案》。為激勵企業轉型，政府提供相關稅賦優惠措施，金融環境面，則針對企業在提升能效與環保行動上，予以貸款優惠及發行綠色債券，並且將CSR指標納入貸款評估。整體而言，俄國就轉型至綠色經濟領域，較以往更為友善。接著，將俄國BAT政策分為兩部份討論。第一為政策立法過程，從中，可觀察到俄國政治領導力及利益團體，對政策產生之影響。 BAT政策之最終定案，有關政策過渡期、規範客體以及技術標準等，皆明顯放寬。第二，政策成效部分，以俄國熱電BAT─參考文件38號為個案說明，該技術標準雖汰換部份老舊設施，協助產業升級，但與國際新興技術仍存有差距，尚須調整更新。由於歐盟BAT被多國參考採用，因此俄國在推行政策過程中，增加了國際交流與合作機會，此舉將有助於提升其國際影響力。
Developing an environmentally friendly economy is an important issue nowadays, with which process technology in economic activities is considered closely associated. This study aims to explore the green economy development status of Russia, a country with a rich endowment of energy, and analyze the legislation and implementation of its Best Available Techniques (BAT) policy. Using the literature analysis method, this study compares the changes of Russia before and after the establishment of the “National Environment Day” in 2007 and conducts the overall exposition with quantitative data and qualitative results.First, with the data collected, an interactive analysis is made of the items including Russia’s carbon emissions, GDP energy intensity, and the proportion of energy-consuming industries. Historical data revealed that in terms of carbon emissions and GDP energy intensity, Russia was still placed way down the list compared with other countries, with slight progress secured, and that the situation was not found to have a significant improvement after 2007. Qualitatively, the green economic environment had been remarkably improved and the government’s attitude turned to be active. What’s more, the Russian government passed the “Law on the Restriction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and the Introduction of Carbon Reporting” in June 2021. To encourage enterprises to transform, the government has developed relevant tax incentives. In terms of financing, the government grants enterprises green bonds and loan incentives in support of their energy efficiency improvement and environmental protection actions, and incorporates their CSR indicators into loan appraisal. Overall, Russia`s environment is more friendly than before in its transition to a green economy.Next, this study discusses Russia’s BAT policy on two aspects. The first is the policy legislative process, from which the influence of Russian political leadership and interest groups on the policy can be observed. It can be seen that the final BAT policy was evidently softened in terms of the policy transition period, regulated objects, and technical standards. The second is about policy effectiveness, exemplified by Russian Thermal Power BAT-Reference Document No. 38. Although this technical standard requires the replacement of old facilities and provides assistance in industrial upgrading, it still has a gap between international emerging technology standards and needs to be modified and updated. 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國立政治大學
俄羅斯研究所
107263005資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107263005 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 魏百谷 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) 董靜樺 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Tung, Ching-Hua en_US dc.creator (作者) 董靜樺 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Tung, Ching-Hua en_US dc.date (日期) 2021 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Nov-2021 12:13:00 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Nov-2021 12:13:00 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Nov-2021 12:13:00 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0107263005 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/137712 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 俄羅斯研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 107263005 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 經濟環境友善，是時下的重要議題，而經濟活動中的製程技術更與之息息相關。本研究旨在探討能源稟賦國─俄羅斯，其綠色經濟發展現況，與最佳可行技術政策(以下簡稱BAT)之立法與執行。本研究採用文獻分析法，並以2007年，俄國訂定「國家環境日」之時點為分界，進行前後差異比對，利用量化數據與質化成果為整體之論述。首先，經由資料數據蒐集，採用俄國碳排放量、GDP能源強度，以及該國耗能產業之占比等，進行交互分析。針對歷年數據觀之，俄國碳排放量及GDP能源強度，與他國相比僅能望其項背，在近期只有微幅進步，而在2007年後，無明顯差異。另質化部分，綠色經濟環境則明顯得到改善，政府態度趨於積極，更在2021年6月通過《限制溫室氣體排放及引入碳報告之法案》。為激勵企業轉型，政府提供相關稅賦優惠措施，金融環境面，則針對企業在提升能效與環保行動上，予以貸款優惠及發行綠色債券，並且將CSR指標納入貸款評估。整體而言，俄國就轉型至綠色經濟領域，較以往更為友善。接著，將俄國BAT政策分為兩部份討論。第一為政策立法過程，從中，可觀察到俄國政治領導力及利益團體，對政策產生之影響。 BAT政策之最終定案，有關政策過渡期、規範客體以及技術標準等，皆明顯放寬。第二，政策成效部分，以俄國熱電BAT─參考文件38號為個案說明，該技術標準雖汰換部份老舊設施，協助產業升級，但與國際新興技術仍存有差距，尚須調整更新。由於歐盟BAT被多國參考採用，因此俄國在推行政策過程中，增加了國際交流與合作機會，此舉將有助於提升其國際影響力。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Developing an environmentally friendly economy is an important issue nowadays, with which process technology in economic activities is considered closely associated. This study aims to explore the green economy development status of Russia, a country with a rich endowment of energy, and analyze the legislation and implementation of its Best Available Techniques (BAT) policy. Using the literature analysis method, this study compares the changes of Russia before and after the establishment of the “National Environment Day” in 2007 and conducts the overall exposition with quantitative data and qualitative results.First, with the data collected, an interactive analysis is made of the items including Russia’s carbon emissions, GDP energy intensity, and the proportion of energy-consuming industries. Historical data revealed that in terms of carbon emissions and GDP energy intensity, Russia was still placed way down the list compared with other countries, with slight progress secured, and that the situation was not found to have a significant improvement after 2007. Qualitatively, the green economic environment had been remarkably improved and the government’s attitude turned to be active. What’s more, the Russian government passed the “Law on the Restriction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and the Introduction of Carbon Reporting” in June 2021. To encourage enterprises to transform, the government has developed relevant tax incentives. In terms of financing, the government grants enterprises green bonds and loan incentives in support of their energy efficiency improvement and environmental protection actions, and incorporates their CSR indicators into loan appraisal. Overall, Russia`s environment is more friendly than before in its transition to a green economy.Next, this study discusses Russia’s BAT policy on two aspects. The first is the policy legislative process, from which the influence of Russian political leadership and interest groups on the policy can be observed. It can be seen that the final BAT policy was evidently softened in terms of the policy transition period, regulated objects, and technical standards. The second is about policy effectiveness, exemplified by Russian Thermal Power BAT-Reference Document No. 38. Although this technical standard requires the replacement of old facilities and provides assistance in industrial upgrading, it still has a gap between international emerging technology standards and needs to be modified and updated. Moreover, since the EU BAT has been used as a reference by many countries, Russia has increased the opportunities for international exchanges and cooperation in policy implementation, which is expected to enhance its international influence. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第壹章、緒論 1第一節、研究背景、動機及目的 1第二節、文獻探討 6第三節、研究方法 20第四節、研究範圍與限制 21第五節、研究架構與章節安排 23第貳章、俄國綠色經濟發展狀況 25第一節、俄國歷年碳排放指標 25第二節、俄國能源強度指標 38第三節、俄國產業 44第四節、小結 51第參章、最佳可行技術政策的制定背景與歷程 59第一節、政策制定背景 59第二節、政策制定過程與角力 63第三節、政策定案 73第四節、小結 77第肆章、最佳可行技術政策之執行與成效 81第一節、政策執行現況 81第二節、政策成果 92第三節、小結 98第伍章、結論 103第一節、研究成果 103第二節、研究建議 110參考文獻 112附錄 135 zh_TW dc.format.extent 6943968 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107263005 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 綠色經濟 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 最佳可行技術 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 能源效率 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 製程技術 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 永續發展 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 環境保護 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 政策制定 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 汙染排放 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Green economy en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Best available techniques en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Energy efficiency en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Process technology en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Sustainable development en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Environmental protection en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Policy formulation en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Pollution emission en_US dc.title (題名) 俄國綠色經濟 : 最佳可行技術政策 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Russia`s Green Economy : The Policy of Best Available Techniques en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、 中文(一) 專書暨報告卡托（Cato, MS）（2011）綠色經濟學：理論。政策與實務/ Molly Scott Cato原著；週賓凰，徐耀南，王絹淑翻譯。初版。臺北市：智勝文化。朱雲鵬（2014）綠色所得與綠色消費/朱雲鵬等編著; 國家教育研究院主編。初版。臺北市：五南圖書。洪泉湖 (2017) 當代歐洲民族運動 從蘇格蘭獨立公投到克里米亞危機 / 洪泉湖主編. 初版. 臺北市: 聯經. 頁100-128。洪美蘭 (2008) 經濟均衡發展策略 : 歐洲轉型國家之案例與啓示 / 洪美蘭著. 初版. 臺北市: 洪美蘭出版。惠特（White, R）（2008）碳交易：氣候變遷的市場解決方案/羅德尼.懷特（Rodney R. 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