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題名 當代媒介浮現之物質基礎：以社交按鈕為例
A Materialist Approach to Media Emergence：The Case of Social Buttons
作者 張惠嵐
Chang, Hui-Lan
貢獻者 鍾蔚文
Chung, Wei-Wen
張惠嵐
Chang, Hui-Lan
關鍵詞 共同演化
物質基礎
前結構
按讚社交按鈕
浮現
發生學途徑
日期 2021
上傳時間 1-Dec-2021 14:27:11 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究旨在超越傳統媒介以人文為主之取徑，探索按讚社交按鈕浮現之物質結構，並進一步釐清，在此過程中物質和社會結構相生相長之關係。

本研究第一部分首先說明按讚社交按鈕之物質結構，主要分為兩部分。一為其前結構，由社區記憶（CM）、電腦化電子佈告欄（CBBS）、社交新聞網站（Digg）等構成。二為按讚社交按鈕浮現當下的物質條件，主要包括「動態消息」、「邊際排名演算法」、「你可能認識的人」等技術裝置。以上種種物質架構，進一步使當代的特定社交形式成為可能。如CM、CBBS促成了「指令式社交」，Digg促成了「程式性社交」，而Facebook使「技術數學性社交」成為主流。物質結構進入人文世界，成為社會實踐的一環，社交按鈕因此成為物質和社會之間的中介者，彰顯了社會和物質結構互動的過程。

本研究第二部分，進一步以劍橋分析事件為例，闡述物質和社會結構如何相互作用。具體而言，臉書提供Graph API技術介面，以擷取社交按鈕之數據。此一技術創造了特定之文化脈絡，而文化脈絡也反過來改變API。

整體而言，本研究發現，按讚社交按鈕是由交織的網絡中浮現；彰顯了硬體、程式與社會共同演化的關係，而且是一循迴出現的過程。
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https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-silicon-valley/in-the-clubhouse

Winthrop-Young, G. (2017). The Kittler effect. New German Critique, 44(3), 205-224.

Winthrop-Young, G. (2015). Discourse, media, cultural techniques: The complexity of Kittler. Modern Language Notes, 130 (3), 447-465.

Winthrop-Young, G. (2014). The KULTUR of cultural techniques: Conceptual inertia and the parasitic materialities of ontologization. Cultural Politics, 10(3),376-388.

Winthrop-Young, G. (2013a). Cultural techniques: Preliminary remarks. Theory, Culture & Society, 30(6), 3-19.

Winthrop-Young, G., Iurascu, I., & Parikka, J. (2013b) (Eds). Cultural Techniques. Special issue of Theory, Culture and Society, 30(6), 3-172.

Winthrop-Young, G. (2011). Kittler and the media. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Winthrop-Young, G. (2006a). Cultural studies and German media theory. In G. Hall & C. Birchall (Eds), New cultural studies: Adventures in theory (pp. 88-104). Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh.

Winthrop-Young, G., & Gane, N. (2006b). Friedrich Kittler: An introduction. Theory, Culture & Society, 23(7-8), 5-16.

Young, L. C. (2015). Cultural techniques and logistical Media: Tuning German and Anglo-American media studies. M/C Journal, 18(2). Retrieved September 3, 2018, from
https://doi.org/10.5204/mcj.961

Zielinski, S. (2008). Deep time of the media: Toward an archaeology of hearing and seeing by technical means. Cambridge: The MIT Press.

Zielinski, S., & Wagnermaier, S. (2007). Variantology 1: On deep time relations of arts, sciences and technologies. Köln: Walther Konig.




二、西文報紙

Hofmann, J. (1988, July 30). Answering the need for time on the telephone. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 20, 2019, from
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-07-30-li-6718-story.html

Isaac, M. (2021, October, 28). Facebook renames itself Meta. The New York Times. Retrieved Novmber 10, 2021, from
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/28/technology/facebook-meta-name-change.html?referringSource=articleShare

Isaac, M. (2021, October 29). Facebook wrestles with the features it used to define social networking. The New York Times. Retrieved October 30, 2021, from
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/25/technology/facebook-like-share-buttons.html?referringSource=articleShare

Johnson, S. (2016, November, 3). Want to know what virtual reality might become?
Look to the past. The New York Times. Retrieved July 1, 2018, from
https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/06/magazine/want-to-know-what-virtual-reality-might-become-look-to-the-past.html

Metz, C. (2019, December 23). Randy Suess, computer bulletin board inventor, dies at 74. The New York Times. Retrieved March 14, 2021, from
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/20/technology/randy-suess-dead.html

Salisbury, D. F. (1984, August 29). Community Memory Project: A step toward ‘electronic village’. The Christian Science Monitor, Retrieved July 1, 2019, from
https://www.csmonitor.com/1984/0829/082938.html

Wiener, A. (2021, March 31). Clubhouse Feels Like a Party But is it a good one? The New Yorker. Retrieved July 8, 2021, from
https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-silicon-valley/in-the-clubhouse


三、資料庫

United States Patent and Trademark Office. Retrieved May 1, 2020, from
https://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/index.html

Google Patents. Retrieved May 1, 2020, from
https://patents.google.com/

Byte Magazine. Retrieved March 10, 2021, from
https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine?tab=about


四、網站

Computer History Museum. Retrieved May 8, 2020, from
https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102734462

Digg.com. Retrieved January 6, 2019, from
https://digg.com

GitHub. Retrieved April 1, 2020, from
https://gist.github.com/dylanmckay/2b191a10068bd87d0fffba242db44b52

Library of Congress
https://www.loc.gov

WaybackMachine- Internet Archive. Retrieved May 1, 2020, from
https://archive.org/web/



五、影音

Plutte, J. (Producer), & Gardner, A. (Director). (2011). Lee Felsenstein: The first community memory. [Motion Picture]. United States: Computer History Museum. Retrieved May 18, 2020, from
https://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/the-web/20/377/2328

Media.ccc.de. (2015). Lee Felsenstein: Opening the door to cyberspace. Retrieved. [Youtube]. Retrieved May 18, 2020, from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4sow2W0m2LM

Meta Developers (2013). Getting Started with the Graph API. Retrieved June11,
2019, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WteK95AppF4


Scott, J. (Producer). (2005). BBS: The Documentary. Interner Archive. Retrieved April 8, 2021, from
https://archive.org/details/BBS.The.Documentary



六、Community Memory社區記憶文件

Computer History Museum (2005). Community Memory interface design (1988-1991) (Catalog Number:102734462). Publisher: Community Memory Project.Retrieved May 8, 2020, from
https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102734462

Computer History Museum (2005). Overviews and promotional material (1988-1991) (Catalog Number:102734414). Publisher: Community Memory Project.Retrieved May 10, 2020, from
https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102734414

Computer History Museum (2005). Newsletters (1974-1991) (Catalog Number: 102734421). Publisher: Community Memory Project; Resource One. Retrieved May 12, 2020, from
https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102734421

Computer History Museum (2005). Newsletters and periodicals (1973-1993) (Catalog Number:102734503). Publisher: Community Memory Project. Retrieved May 12, 2020, from
https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102734503

Computer History Museum (2005). Community Memory Project poster, "Speak Up!" (Catalog Number:102633332). Publisher: Community Memory Project.Retrieved May 12, 2020, from
https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102633332

Computer History Museum (2005). Community Memory terminal being used at Berkeley laundromat (1990) (Catalog Number: 102774056). Photographer: Maciuszko, Kathleen. Retrieved May 15, 2020, from
https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102774056

Computer History Museum (2005). Community Memory terminal sites (1983-1991) (Catalog Number: 102734455). Credit: Lee Felsenstein.Retrieved May 15, 2020, from
https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102734455

Computer History Museum (2005). People using computers at Community Memory center (1988-1990) (Catalog Number: 102774057). Credit: Lee Felsenstein.Retrieved May 15, 2020, from
https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102774057

Computer History Museum (2005). Discussion board printouts from Leopold`s Records terminal (1974-1975) (Catalog Number: 102734428). Publisher: Community Memory Project.Retrieved May 16, 2020, from
https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102734428

Computer History Museum (2005). Homebrew computer club newsletter(Volume 2, Issue 14)(1977) (Object ID: 500004358). Publisher: Homebrew Computer Club. Retrieved May 16, 2020, from
https://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/personal-computers/17/296/1131

Computer History Museum (2005). First issue of the homebrew computer club newsletter (1975) (Object ID: 500004360). Publisher: Homebrew Computer Club. Retrieved May 17, 2020, from
https://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/personal-computers/17/312/1138

Computer History Museum (2005). Homebrew computer club newsletter(Volume 2, Issue 14) (1977) (Object ID: 500004359). Publisher: Homebrew Computer Club. Retrieved May 18, 2020, from
https://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/personal-computers/17/312/1137

Computer History Museum (2005). The homebrew computer club meeting (1978) (Object ID: 102702618). Publisher: Homebrew Computer Club. Retrieved May 18, 2020, from
https://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/personal-computers/17/312/1139

Computer History Museum (2011). Lee Felsenstein, Resource One (1972) (Catalog Number:102702628). Credtit: Gift of Lee Felsenstein. Retrieved March 8, 2021, from
https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102702628



七、社群媒體

Facebook (2011). EdgeRank Magic revealed in F8 Conference. Retrieved May 27, 2018, from
https://m.facebook.com/EdgeRankAlgorithm/posts/?_rdr


Zuckerberg, M. (2018, March 21). I want to share an update on the Cambridge Analytica situation. [Facebook status update]. Retrieved April 17, 2021, from
https://www.facebook.com/zuck/posts/10104712037900071?pnref=story


Zuckerberg, M. (2012, February 1). Founder’s Letter. [Facebook status update]. Retrieved January 14, 2020, from
https://www.facebook.com/notes/261129471966151/



八、專利文件

Bullock, W., Xu, L., & Zhou, L. (2019). Predicting household demographics based on image data (Patent: US10277714B2). Retrieved May 1, 2021, from USPTO
https://is.gd/u5zzyw

Rubinstein, Y. D., Doshi, A., Ebberson, R. K., & Gleason, C. (2014). Associating an indication of user emotional reaction with content items presented by a social networking system (Patent: US8918339B2). Retrieved February 16, 2019, from Google Patents
https://patents.google.com/patent/US8918339

Subbian, K. (2018). Offline Trajectories (Patent: US20180352383A1). Retrieved January 9, 2021, from USPTO
https://reurl.cc/n5be88

Sullivan, B. M., Karthikeyan, G., Liu, Z., Massa, W. L. P., & Gupta, M. (2020). Socioeconomic group classification based on user features (Patent: US10607154B2). Retrieved May 27, 2021, from Google patents
https://reurl.cc/82AdMX

Zuckerberg, M., Bosworth, A., Cox, C., Sanghvi., R., & Cahill, M. (2012). Communicating a newsfeed of media content based on a member`s interactions in a social network environment (Patent: US8171128B2). Retrieved March 14, 2019, from Google Patents
https://patents.google.com/patent/US8171128B2/en


Zuckerberg, M., Sanghvi, R., Bosworth, A., Cox, C., Sittig, A., Hughes, C., Geminder, K., Corson, D. (2010). Dynamically providing a news feed about a user of a social network (Patent: US7669123B2). Retrieved July 5, 2019, from Google Patents
https://patents.google.com/patent/US7669123B2/en



九、臉書文件

Backstorm, L. (2013). News Feed FYI: A window into news deed. Retrieved Jun 11, 2019, from
https://www.facebook.com/business/news/News-Feed-FYI-A-Window-Into-News-Feed

Hamilton, B. (2010). Bootcamp: Growing culture at Facebook. Retrieved January 14, 2020, from
https://engineering.fb.com/2010/01/19/culture/bootcamp-growing-culture-at-facebook/

Hoofien, N. (2017). Accelerating growth through Facebook’s rotational engineering program. Retrieved January 14, 2020, from
https://engineering.fb.com/2017/06/30/culture/accelerating-growth-through-facebook-s-rotational-engineering-program/

Ho, C. C. (2013). Introducing new Like and Share buttons. Retrieved January 10, 2019, from
https://developers.facebook.com/blog/post/2013/11/06/introducing-new-like-and-share-buttons/

Zhu, M. (2021). Introducing Facebook Graph API v12.0 and Marketing API v12.0. Retrieved October, 8, 2021, from
https://developers.facebook.com/blog/post/2021/09/14/introducing-facebook-graph-api-v12-marketing-api-v12/

Facebook. (2007). Facebook Unveils Platform for Developers of Social Applications. Retrieved March 14, 2021, from
https://about.fb.com/news/2007/05/facebook-unveils-platform-for-developers-of-social-applications/

Facebook. (2008). People you may know. Retrieved June 6, 2018
https://m.facebook.com/nt/screen/?params=%7B%22note_id%22%3A807185490115990%7D&path=%2Fnotes%2Fnote%2F&refsrc=deprecated&_rdr

Facebook （無年份）。《Facebook如何提供「你可能認識的朋友」建議選項》。取自
https://m.facebook.com/help/163810437015615?locale=zh_TW&_rdr。上網日期：2019年8月7日。

Facebook （2020）。《網頁專用的按讚鈕》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/docs/plugins/like-button?locale=zh_TW。上網日期：2019年2月20日。

Facebook （2020）。《Facebook 開放平台使用條款》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/terms/。上網日期：2021年3月17日。

Facebook （2021）。《開發人員政策》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/devpolicy/?locale=zh_TW。上網日期：2021年9月28日。

Facebook （無年份）。《應用程式開發》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/docs/development。上網日期：2021年3月18日。

Facebook （無年份）。《應用程式審查》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/docs/app-review。上網日期：2021年3月18日。

Facebook （無年份）。《開發人員須遵守隱私設定與同意》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/docs/privacy。上網日期：2021年3月19日。

Facebook （無年份）。《開發人員互助論壇》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/community/。上網日期：2021年3月20日。

Facebook （無年份）。《開發人員社群守則》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/community/guidelines/。上網日期：2021年3月21日。

Facebook （無年份）。《平台故障報告》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/support/bugs/。上網日期：2021年4月17日。

Facebook （無年份）。《平台資料事件回報》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/incident/report/。上網日期：2021年4月17日。

Facebook （無年份）。《資料政策》。取自
https://www.facebook.com/privacy/explanation/。上網日期：2021年4月17日。

Facebook （無年份）。《開發人員支援》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/support/。上網日期：2021年4月18日。

Facebook （無年份）。《圖形API總覽》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/docs/graph-api/overview。上網日期：2021年4月19日。

Facebook （無年份）。《API變更紀錄》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/docs/graph-api/changelog/out-of-cycle-changes。上網日期：2021年4月20日。

Facebook （無年份）。《Graph API條款》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/docs/graph-api/changelog
https://developers.facebook.com/docs/
上網日期：2020年3月7日。

Facebook （無年份）。《臉書的cookie政策》。取自
https://www.facebook.com/policies/cookies。上網日期：2021年4月21日。

Facebook （無年份）。《取得cookie許可資源》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/docs/privacy。上網日期：2021年4月22日。

Facebook （無年份）。《開發人員平台計畫中心》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/platform-initiatives/。上網日期：2021年4月25日。

Facebook （無年份）。《創意家社群》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/developercircles/。上網日期：2021年4月26日。

Facebook （無年份）。《存取權杖》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/docs/facebook-login/access-tokens/?locale=zh_TW。上網日期：2021年1月25日。

Facebook （無年份）。《線上網路研討會最新消息》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/developercircles/ 上網日期：2021年4月26日。

Facebook （無年份）。《Gaining tech knowledge within the community》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/success-stories/peculiar-ediomo-abasi/ 上網日期：2021年4月26日。

Facebook （無年份）。《A tech enthusiast empowers women to learn programming skills》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/success-stories/leatruc/ 上網日期：2021年4月26日。

Facebook （無年份）。《Innovating with Facebook Developer Circles and Facebook Online Hackathons》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/success-stories/khaled-abouseada/ 上網日期：2021年4月26日。
描述 博士
國立政治大學
新聞學系
100451501
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0100451501
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 鍾蔚文zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chung, Wei-Wenen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 張惠嵐zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chang, Hui-Lanen_US
dc.creator (作者) 張惠嵐zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chang, Hui-Lanen_US
dc.date (日期) 2021en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Dec-2021 14:27:11 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Dec-2021 14:27:11 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Dec-2021 14:27:11 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0100451501en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/137997-
dc.description (描述) 博士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 新聞學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 100451501zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究旨在超越傳統媒介以人文為主之取徑，探索按讚社交按鈕浮現之物質結構，並進一步釐清，在此過程中物質和社會結構相生相長之關係。

本研究第一部分首先說明按讚社交按鈕之物質結構，主要分為兩部分。一為其前結構，由社區記憶（CM）、電腦化電子佈告欄（CBBS）、社交新聞網站（Digg）等構成。二為按讚社交按鈕浮現當下的物質條件，主要包括「動態消息」、「邊際排名演算法」、「你可能認識的人」等技術裝置。以上種種物質架構，進一步使當代的特定社交形式成為可能。如CM、CBBS促成了「指令式社交」，Digg促成了「程式性社交」，而Facebook使「技術數學性社交」成為主流。物質結構進入人文世界，成為社會實踐的一環，社交按鈕因此成為物質和社會之間的中介者，彰顯了社會和物質結構互動的過程。

本研究第二部分，進一步以劍橋分析事件為例，闡述物質和社會結構如何相互作用。具體而言，臉書提供Graph API技術介面，以擷取社交按鈕之數據。此一技術創造了特定之文化脈絡，而文化脈絡也反過來改變API。

整體而言，本研究發現，按讚社交按鈕是由交織的網絡中浮現；彰顯了硬體、程式與社會共同演化的關係，而且是一循迴出現的過程。		zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 按讚社交按鈕是「新」產物嗎 1
第一節 前言 1
第二節 從媒介研究的關鍵字談起 5
第三節 直指關鍵：浮現作為媒介研究的切入點 8
第四節 提出發生學取徑 9
第五節 研究問題 11
第六節 章節架構 12

第二章 數位物質論：尋找媒介浮現的物質基礎 15
第一節 尋找關鍵的發生機制 15
第二節 回歸物質基礎：從新物質主義浪潮談起 22
第三節 德國媒介研究思潮：以物質為探問基礎的文化分析 27
第四節 文化技術作為媒介理論命題的企圖 40
第五節 軟性的物質基礎：巨量程式碼的脈絡化影響 46
第六節 數位物質論基本內涵 51

第三章 媒介浮現即網絡：媒介考古學的視角 55
第一節 從認識談起 55
第二節 見樹又見林：重新架構媒介的出現過程 57
第三節 意義之網浮現：看見浮現結構裡的隱藏網絡 61
第四節 小結 78

第四章 社交按鈕、Graph API與社會文化脈絡的共同演化 80
第一節 社交按鈕浮現的前結構 81
第二節 社交按鈕浮現當下的物質條件：進入一個安排的社交架構 96
第三節 巨量程式碼的脈絡化影響一：從程式語言至社交語言 112
第四節 巨量程式碼的脈絡化影響二：Graph API媒介物質性的實踐脈絡 117
第五節 展開隱藏的世界：物質性與社會性的交引纏繞 154

第五章 網狀交織的浮現網絡 161
第一節 研究發現 162
第二節 研究貢獻 168
第三節 展望未來研究 175

參考文獻 181		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 5888868 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0100451501en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 共同演化zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 物質基礎zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 前結構zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 按讚社交按鈕zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 浮現zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 發生學途徑zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 當代媒介浮現之物質基礎：以社交按鈕為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) A Materialist Approach to Media Emergence：The Case of Social Buttonsen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、書目

王心遠譯（2014）。《數碼人類學》。北京：人民出版社。
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多綏婷譯（2016）。《維多利亞時代的互聯網：人類第一次大連結》。江西：人民出版。
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宋瑛堂譯（2013）。《禪與摩托車維修的藝術》。台北：行人。
（原書 R. Pirsig [2006]. Zen and the art of motorcycle maintenance : An inquiry into values.）


林華譯（2016）。《社群媒體前兩千年》。台北：行人。
（原書 T. Standage [2013]. Writing on the wall: Social media the first thousand years.）


黃逸華、劉體中、林麗雪譯（2017）。《成為臉書：馬克‧祖克柏如何思考創新與布局，讓全世界離不開臉書！》。台北：三采。
（原書 M. Hoefflinger [2013]. Becoming facebook: The 10 challenges that defined the company that`s disrupting the world. Baker & Taylor Press.）

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三、資料庫

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五、影音

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Media.ccc.de. (2015). Lee Felsenstein: Opening the door to cyberspace. Retrieved. [Youtube]. Retrieved May 18, 2020, from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4sow2W0m2LM

Meta Developers (2013). Getting Started with the Graph API. Retrieved June11,
2019, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WteK95AppF4


Scott, J. (Producer). (2005). BBS: The Documentary. Interner Archive. Retrieved April 8, 2021, from
https://archive.org/details/BBS.The.Documentary



六、Community Memory社區記憶文件

Computer History Museum (2005). Community Memory interface design (1988-1991) (Catalog Number:102734462). Publisher: Community Memory Project.Retrieved May 8, 2020, from
https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102734462

Computer History Museum (2005). Overviews and promotional material (1988-1991) (Catalog Number:102734414). Publisher: Community Memory Project.Retrieved May 10, 2020, from
https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102734414

Computer History Museum (2005). Newsletters (1974-1991) (Catalog Number: 102734421). Publisher: Community Memory Project; Resource One. Retrieved May 12, 2020, from
https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102734421

Computer History Museum (2005). Newsletters and periodicals (1973-1993) (Catalog Number:102734503). Publisher: Community Memory Project. Retrieved May 12, 2020, from
https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102734503

Computer History Museum (2005). Community Memory Project poster, "Speak Up!" (Catalog Number:102633332). Publisher: Community Memory Project.Retrieved May 12, 2020, from
https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102633332

Computer History Museum (2005). Community Memory terminal being used at Berkeley laundromat (1990) (Catalog Number: 102774056). Photographer: Maciuszko, Kathleen. Retrieved May 15, 2020, from
https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102774056

Computer History Museum (2005). Community Memory terminal sites (1983-1991) (Catalog Number: 102734455). Credit: Lee Felsenstein.Retrieved May 15, 2020, from
https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102734455

Computer History Museum (2005). People using computers at Community Memory center (1988-1990) (Catalog Number: 102774057). Credit: Lee Felsenstein.Retrieved May 15, 2020, from
https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102774057

Computer History Museum (2005). Discussion board printouts from Leopold`s Records terminal (1974-1975) (Catalog Number: 102734428). Publisher: Community Memory Project.Retrieved May 16, 2020, from
https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102734428

Computer History Museum (2005). Homebrew computer club newsletter(Volume 2, Issue 14)(1977) (Object ID: 500004358). Publisher: Homebrew Computer Club. Retrieved May 16, 2020, from
https://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/personal-computers/17/296/1131

Computer History Museum (2005). First issue of the homebrew computer club newsletter (1975) (Object ID: 500004360). Publisher: Homebrew Computer Club. Retrieved May 17, 2020, from
https://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/personal-computers/17/312/1138

Computer History Museum (2005). Homebrew computer club newsletter(Volume 2, Issue 14) (1977) (Object ID: 500004359). Publisher: Homebrew Computer Club. Retrieved May 18, 2020, from
https://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/personal-computers/17/312/1137

Computer History Museum (2005). The homebrew computer club meeting (1978) (Object ID: 102702618). Publisher: Homebrew Computer Club. Retrieved May 18, 2020, from
https://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/personal-computers/17/312/1139

Computer History Museum (2011). Lee Felsenstein, Resource One (1972) (Catalog Number:102702628). Credtit: Gift of Lee Felsenstein. Retrieved March 8, 2021, from
https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102702628



七、社群媒體

Facebook (2011). EdgeRank Magic revealed in F8 Conference. Retrieved May 27, 2018, from
https://m.facebook.com/EdgeRankAlgorithm/posts/?_rdr


Zuckerberg, M. (2018, March 21). I want to share an update on the Cambridge Analytica situation. [Facebook status update]. Retrieved April 17, 2021, from
https://www.facebook.com/zuck/posts/10104712037900071?pnref=story


Zuckerberg, M. (2012, February 1). Founder’s Letter. [Facebook status update]. Retrieved January 14, 2020, from
https://www.facebook.com/notes/261129471966151/



八、專利文件

Bullock, W., Xu, L., & Zhou, L. (2019). Predicting household demographics based on image data (Patent: US10277714B2). Retrieved May 1, 2021, from USPTO
https://is.gd/u5zzyw

Rubinstein, Y. D., Doshi, A., Ebberson, R. K., & Gleason, C. (2014). Associating an indication of user emotional reaction with content items presented by a social networking system (Patent: US8918339B2). Retrieved February 16, 2019, from Google Patents
https://patents.google.com/patent/US8918339

Subbian, K. (2018). Offline Trajectories (Patent: US20180352383A1). Retrieved January 9, 2021, from USPTO
https://reurl.cc/n5be88

Sullivan, B. M., Karthikeyan, G., Liu, Z., Massa, W. L. P., & Gupta, M. (2020). Socioeconomic group classification based on user features (Patent: US10607154B2). Retrieved May 27, 2021, from Google patents
https://reurl.cc/82AdMX

Zuckerberg, M., Bosworth, A., Cox, C., Sanghvi., R., & Cahill, M. (2012). Communicating a newsfeed of media content based on a member`s interactions in a social network environment (Patent: US8171128B2). Retrieved March 14, 2019, from Google Patents
https://patents.google.com/patent/US8171128B2/en


Zuckerberg, M., Sanghvi, R., Bosworth, A., Cox, C., Sittig, A., Hughes, C., Geminder, K., Corson, D. (2010). Dynamically providing a news feed about a user of a social network (Patent: US7669123B2). Retrieved July 5, 2019, from Google Patents
https://patents.google.com/patent/US7669123B2/en



九、臉書文件

Backstorm, L. (2013). News Feed FYI: A window into news deed. Retrieved Jun 11, 2019, from
https://www.facebook.com/business/news/News-Feed-FYI-A-Window-Into-News-Feed

Hamilton, B. (2010). Bootcamp: Growing culture at Facebook. Retrieved January 14, 2020, from
https://engineering.fb.com/2010/01/19/culture/bootcamp-growing-culture-at-facebook/

Hoofien, N. (2017). Accelerating growth through Facebook’s rotational engineering program. Retrieved January 14, 2020, from
https://engineering.fb.com/2017/06/30/culture/accelerating-growth-through-facebook-s-rotational-engineering-program/

Ho, C. C. (2013). Introducing new Like and Share buttons. Retrieved January 10, 2019, from
https://developers.facebook.com/blog/post/2013/11/06/introducing-new-like-and-share-buttons/

Zhu, M. (2021). Introducing Facebook Graph API v12.0 and Marketing API v12.0. Retrieved October, 8, 2021, from
https://developers.facebook.com/blog/post/2021/09/14/introducing-facebook-graph-api-v12-marketing-api-v12/

Facebook. (2007). Facebook Unveils Platform for Developers of Social Applications. Retrieved March 14, 2021, from
https://about.fb.com/news/2007/05/facebook-unveils-platform-for-developers-of-social-applications/

Facebook. (2008). People you may know. Retrieved June 6, 2018
https://m.facebook.com/nt/screen/?params=%7B%22note_id%22%3A807185490115990%7D&path=%2Fnotes%2Fnote%2F&refsrc=deprecated&_rdr

Facebook （無年份）。《Facebook如何提供「你可能認識的朋友」建議選項》。取自
https://m.facebook.com/help/163810437015615?locale=zh_TW&_rdr。上網日期：2019年8月7日。

Facebook （2020）。《網頁專用的按讚鈕》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/docs/plugins/like-button?locale=zh_TW。上網日期：2019年2月20日。

Facebook （2020）。《Facebook 開放平台使用條款》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/terms/。上網日期：2021年3月17日。

Facebook （2021）。《開發人員政策》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/devpolicy/?locale=zh_TW。上網日期：2021年9月28日。

Facebook （無年份）。《應用程式開發》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/docs/development。上網日期：2021年3月18日。

Facebook （無年份）。《應用程式審查》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/docs/app-review。上網日期：2021年3月18日。

Facebook （無年份）。《開發人員須遵守隱私設定與同意》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/docs/privacy。上網日期：2021年3月19日。

Facebook （無年份）。《開發人員互助論壇》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/community/。上網日期：2021年3月20日。

Facebook （無年份）。《開發人員社群守則》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/community/guidelines/。上網日期：2021年3月21日。

Facebook （無年份）。《平台故障報告》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/support/bugs/。上網日期：2021年4月17日。

Facebook （無年份）。《平台資料事件回報》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/incident/report/。上網日期：2021年4月17日。

Facebook （無年份）。《資料政策》。取自
https://www.facebook.com/privacy/explanation/。上網日期：2021年4月17日。

Facebook （無年份）。《開發人員支援》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/support/。上網日期：2021年4月18日。

Facebook （無年份）。《圖形API總覽》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/docs/graph-api/overview。上網日期：2021年4月19日。

Facebook （無年份）。《API變更紀錄》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/docs/graph-api/changelog/out-of-cycle-changes。上網日期：2021年4月20日。

Facebook （無年份）。《Graph API條款》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/docs/graph-api/changelog
https://developers.facebook.com/docs/
上網日期：2020年3月7日。

Facebook （無年份）。《臉書的cookie政策》。取自
https://www.facebook.com/policies/cookies。上網日期：2021年4月21日。

Facebook （無年份）。《取得cookie許可資源》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/docs/privacy。上網日期：2021年4月22日。

Facebook （無年份）。《開發人員平台計畫中心》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/platform-initiatives/。上網日期：2021年4月25日。

Facebook （無年份）。《創意家社群》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/developercircles/。上網日期：2021年4月26日。

Facebook （無年份）。《存取權杖》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/docs/facebook-login/access-tokens/?locale=zh_TW。上網日期：2021年1月25日。

Facebook （無年份）。《線上網路研討會最新消息》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/developercircles/ 上網日期：2021年4月26日。

Facebook （無年份）。《Gaining tech knowledge within the community》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/success-stories/peculiar-ediomo-abasi/ 上網日期：2021年4月26日。

Facebook （無年份）。《A tech enthusiast empowers women to learn programming skills》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/success-stories/leatruc/ 上網日期：2021年4月26日。

Facebook （無年份）。《Innovating with Facebook Developer Circles and Facebook Online Hackathons》。取自
https://developers.facebook.com/success-stories/khaled-abouseada/ 上網日期：2021年4月26日。		zh_TW
dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202101719en_US