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題名 現代漢語名詞謂語句研究與教學應用
A study of nominal predicates in modern Chinese and its pedagogical applications作者 王楚蓁
Wang, Chu-Chen貢獻者 鄧守信
Teng, Shou-Hsin
王楚蓁
Wang, Chu-Chen關鍵詞 名詞謂語句
繫詞句
教學語法
口語體
省略句
Nominal predicate
Copular clause
Pedagogical grammar
Colloquialism
Ellipsis日期 2021 上傳時間 10-Feb-2022 13:06:11 (UTC+8) 摘要 現代漢語名詞謂語句在華語教學中一直是隱而不顯的語法點,根本原因在於難以建立一個跨語言的對比框架,前人文獻多採窮盡列舉的方式來定義之。本文以Payne(1997)、Pustet(2003)和Dixon(2010)對無動詞謂語句的類型分類為基礎,探討漢語名詞謂語句的四項語義關係:分別是量化(quantification)、相等(identity)、存有(existence and possession)以及屬性(attribution)。這四項語義關係中,可以發現漢語繫詞句和名詞謂語句呈現了互補分佈的現象。漢語量化關係的無標句式為名詞謂語句、相等關係的無標句式為繫詞句、存有關係的無標句式則為有字句、屬性關係則呈現紛雜的表達句式。根據本文的分類可以發現,傳統將名詞謂語句視為「繫詞句省略」簡化了現代漢語名詞謂語句的真實樣貌,而將「不是」當成名詞謂語句的否定式也是因「繫詞句省略」延伸造成的迷思。換言之,名詞謂語句和繫詞句不單純是非正式語體和正式語體的對比而已,而是依據不同的語義關係或語用策略而採取的句式選擇。其中,名詞謂語句除了量化關係以外,在其他三類須達成一定的句法、語義和語用條件才能使用:如出現在對比句構、作為謂語的名詞組需帶有修飾結構、或是帶有序列義的名詞等。語用上也與繫詞句有很大的差異,如相等關係展現出主謂語名詞之間的認同或親近感,存有關係經常與範圍副詞共現,強化全量或量少的語義等。本文最後分析學習者的名詞謂語句偏誤,發現以往可能低估了量化關係名詞謂語句的習得難度,部分學習者出現了繫詞泛用和遺漏的偏誤現象。本文根據Teng(2003)教學語法排序原則對這四種語義關係進行教學排序,依序是:量化關係、相等關係、存有關係和屬性關係。現代漢語名詞謂語句因其口語特性,長期以來被視為繫詞句的省略形式。因此忽略了名詞謂語句和繫詞句在語言經濟性和有效性之間,句法、語義、語用上產生的競逐關係,冀望本研究能作為一個起點,引發華語教學研究者對因「省略」之名而備受忽略的語言口語現象的關注和興趣。
Nominal predicates in modern Chinese have long been overlooked as a grammatical teaching point in Chinese language instruction. The main reason for this is the difficulty finding a cross-linguistic comparative framework. Past literature on the topic has compiled exhaustive lists to define this phenomenon. This paper uses the classification for verbless clauses proposed by Payne (1997), Pustet (2003), and Dixon (2010) as the basis for its examination of the four semantic relationships in Chinese nominal predicates: quantification, identity, existence and possession, and attribution.Among these four semantic relationships, it can be seen that Chinese copular clauses and nominal predicates exhibit a complementary distribution. The unmarked sentence structures in Chinese of quantification, identity, and existence and possession are that of nominal predicates, copular clauses, and you construction sentences, respectively, while attribution is expressed through a variety of sentence structures. Following the classification laid out in this paper, it becomes apparent that the traditional view of nominal predicates as “copular clauses with omissions” is an oversimplification of the structure of nominal predicates in modern Chinese. This oversimplification has brought about the myth that the Chinese bu shi represents the only negation structure for nominal predicates. In other words, the difference between nominal predicates and copular clauses cannot be attributed to informal and formal language alone. Instead, the sentence structure is chosen based on different semantic relationships or pragmatics. For instance, aside from quantification, the other three relationship categories of nominal predicates must meet certain syntactic, semantic and pragmatic requirements: such as appearing in a comparative sentence structure, having the noun phrase accompanying the predicate follow a structure that allows for qualification and has a sequential meaning, etc. There is also a notable difference with copular clauses when it comes to pragmatics. For example, identity relationships reveal the identity and closeness between the subject and nominal predicate, existence and possession relationships often appear alongside scope adverbs, strengthening the semantic meaning of large or small amounts, etc.Finally, this paper analyzes the errors learners make when producing nominal predicates. It finds that in the past the difficulty of quantification in nominal predicates was underestimated, finding errors in omission or unnecessary copular usage among a portion of learners. This paper follows the order for teaching the four semantic relationships set by Teng (2003): quantification, identity, existence and possession, and attribution.Due to the colloquial nature of Modern Chinese nominal predicates, they have been long regarded as copular clauses with omissions. As a result, the competitive relationship between the economy and efficiency principles of language have been overlooked with regard to nominal predicates and copular clauses. It is the intention of this research to inspire greater interest and attention among researchers of Chinese language instruction on “omissions” and their appearance in colloquial speech.參考文獻 中文參考書目丁邦新(譯)(1980)。中國話的文法。(原作者:趙元任)(1968)。香港:中文大學出版社王力(1980)。漢語史稿。北京:中華書局。王紅旗(2016)。體詞謂語句的範圍和語法形式。漢語學習(2),3-10。王玨(2001)。現代漢語名詞研究。上海:華東師範大學出版社。石定栩(2002)。體詞謂語句的結構與意義。載於徐烈炯、邵敬敏(主編),漢語語法研究的新拓展(465-480)。浙江:浙江教育出版社。石定栩(2009)。體詞謂語句和詞類劃分。漢語學報(1),29-40。石定栩(2011)。 名詞和名詞性成分。 北京: 北京大學出版社。石毓智(2001)。肯定與否定的對稱與不對稱。北京:北京語言文化大學出版社。石毓智(2005)。論判斷、焦點、強調與對比之關係—「是」的語法功能和使用條件。語言研究(4),45-53。朱德熙(1982)。語法講義。北京:商務印書館。朱德熙(1985)。語法答問。北京:商務印書館。朴正九(2016)。從類型學視角看和與形容詞謂語句的信息結構。中國語文(4),387-396。江藍生(2003)。語言接觸與元明時期的特殊判斷句。語言學論叢(28)。 北京:商務出版社。何中清(2019)。功能語法視角下的英語同位語分析。山東外語教學(2),36-45。呂叔湘(1979)。漢語語法分析問題。北京:商務印書館。李佐豐(2004)。古代漢語語法學。北京:商務印書館。汪維輝(譯)(2003)。古漢語判斷句中的繫詞。(原作者:馮勝利)。古漢語研究(1),30-36。沈家煊(1997)。形容詞句法功能的標記模式。中國語文(4),242-250。沈家煊(2016)。名詞與動詞。北京:商務印書館。邢福義(1984)。說「NP了」句式。語文研究(3),21-26。袁毓林(2010)。漢語詞類的認知研究和模糊劃分。上海:上海教育出版社。周國正(2007)。從漢語信息結構框架看繫詞「是」形成的動因。台大文史哲學報(66),1-16。帖伊、覃修桂(2019)體認語言學視角下的名詞謂語句研究:構式界定與認知動因。外國語文(5),22-29。林若望(2020)。形容詞謂語句及名詞謂語句的一些問題:談語意分析與華語教學。中國語學(267),1-23。孫朝奮(1994)。《虛詞論》評介。國外語言學(4),19-25。馬慶株(1991)。順序義對體詞語法功能的影響。漢語語義語法範疇問題,39-69。北京:北京語言文化大學出版社。高航(2008)。名詞謂語句的認知解釋:主觀化與心理掃描。外語研究(4),31-36。高航(2015)。句法結構形成中的語用因素:以現代漢語名詞謂語句為例。浙江外國語學院學報(5),1-8。高航(2020)。激進構式語法視角下名詞謂語句的跨語言研究。現代外語(4),464-476。陳俊光、劉心怡(2009)。漢語「好」的多視角分析與教學應用。華語文教學研究(2),45-98。張莉萍(2013)。TOCFL作文語料庫的建置與應用。載於崔希亮、張寶林(主編),第二屆漢語中介語語料庫建設與應用國際學術討論會論文選集(141-152)。北京:北京語言大學出版社。張斌(2010)。現代漢語描寫語法。北京:商務印書館 。張軼歐(2015)。日本大學生漢語學習語法實例偏誤分析—以初級學習階段為中心。關西大學外國語教育(14),91-105。張誼生(1996)。名詞的語義基礎及功能轉化與副詞修飾名詞。語言教學與研究(4),57-75。張麟聲(2017)。從對外漢語教學的角度來和「體詞謂語句」和「是字句」的互補性分布。海外華文教育(7),910-921。陳滿華(2008)。體詞謂語句研究。北京:中國文聯出版社。項開喜(2001)。體詞謂語句的功能透視。漢語學習(1),13-17。黃正德(1988)。說「是」和「有」。中央研究院歷史語言研究所集刊,43-64。劉月華等(2001)。實用現代漢語語法。北京:商務印書館。劉順(2003)。現代漢語名詞的多視角研究。上海,學林出版社。蔣紹愚、徐昌華(譯)(2003)。中國語歷史文法。(原作者:太田辰夫)。北京:北京大學出版社。鄧守信(2008)。對外漢語教學語法。台北:文鶴出版社。______(2018)。當代中文語法點全集。台北:聯經出版社。鄧思穎(2002)。經濟原則和漢語沒有動詞的句子。現代外語(1),______(2002)。漢語時間詞謂語句的限制條件。中國語文(3),217-221。______(2004)。空動詞從屬小句的特點。漢語學報(1),23-32。戴浩一(2002)。概念結構與非自主性語法:漢語語法概念系統初探。當代語言學(1),1-12。___(2007)。中文構詞和句法的概念結構。華語文教學研究(4),1-30。碩博士論文汪磊(2014)。外國學生名詞謂語句習得研究。南京師範大學碩士學位論文,南京。唐寬(2018)。現代漢語動詞短語省略結構的允准層級。澳門大學碩士學位論文,澳門。孫靜怡(2002)。華語副詞「都」的語義分析與教學語法。台灣師範大學碩士學位論文,台北。張麗娟(2017)。漢語名詞句篇章問題研究。武漢大學博士學位論文,湖北。廖香蘭(2009)。現代漢語「了」的認知研究。台灣師範大學碩士學位論文,台北。龐加光(2014)。漢語名詞謂語:基於重新範疇化的許可模式。南京大學博士學位論文,南京。教材肖奚強、朱敏(主編)(2008)漢語初級強化教程綜合課本(第一冊)。北京:北京大學出版社榮繼華(主編)(2011)發展漢語初級綜合教材(第一冊)。北京:北京語言大學出版社。劉珣(主編)(2003)。新實用漢語課本(第一冊)。北京:北京語言文化大學書版社鄧守信(主編)(2015)。當代中文課程課程(第一冊)。台北:聯經出版公司。英文參考書目Chen, P.(陳平) (2009). 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The World Atlas of Language Structures Online.Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.(Available online at http://wals.info/chapter/120, Accessed on 2021-09-23.)Stern, H. (1992). Issues and Options in Language Teaching. Oxford: Oxford. University Press.Tang, Sze-Wing(鄧思穎)(2001). Nominal predication and focus anchoring. Gerhard Jäger, Anatoli Strigin, Chris Wilder, and Niina Zhang (eds.), ZAS Papers in Linguistics , 22, (pp.159-172). Berlin: ZAS.______ (2003). Verbless adverbial clauses and economy. In Jie Xu, Donghong Ji, & Kim Teng Lua, Chinese Syntax and Semantics, 157-176. Singapore: Prentice Hall.Teng, Shou-hsin(鄧守信) (1975). A Semantic Study of Transitivity Relations in Chinese. Berkeley: University of California Press.____ (1997). Towards a pedagogical grammar of Chinese. Journal of Chinese Language Teachers Association, 3, 29-40.Wei, Ting-Chi(魏廷冀). 2007. Nominal Predicates in Mandarin Chinese. Taiwan Journal of Linguistics, 5, 85-130. 描述 博士
國立政治大學
華語文教學碩博士學位學程
100160501資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0100160501 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 鄧守信 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Teng, Shou-Hsin en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 王楚蓁 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Wang, Chu-Chen en_US dc.creator (作者) 王楚蓁 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Wang, Chu-Chen en_US dc.date (日期) 2021 en_US dc.date.accessioned 10-Feb-2022 13:06:11 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 10-Feb-2022 13:06:11 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 10-Feb-2022 13:06:11 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0100160501 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/138939 - dc.description (描述) 博士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 華語文教學碩博士學位學程 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 100160501 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 現代漢語名詞謂語句在華語教學中一直是隱而不顯的語法點,根本原因在於難以建立一個跨語言的對比框架,前人文獻多採窮盡列舉的方式來定義之。本文以Payne(1997)、Pustet(2003)和Dixon(2010)對無動詞謂語句的類型分類為基礎,探討漢語名詞謂語句的四項語義關係:分別是量化(quantification)、相等(identity)、存有(existence and possession)以及屬性(attribution)。這四項語義關係中,可以發現漢語繫詞句和名詞謂語句呈現了互補分佈的現象。漢語量化關係的無標句式為名詞謂語句、相等關係的無標句式為繫詞句、存有關係的無標句式則為有字句、屬性關係則呈現紛雜的表達句式。根據本文的分類可以發現,傳統將名詞謂語句視為「繫詞句省略」簡化了現代漢語名詞謂語句的真實樣貌,而將「不是」當成名詞謂語句的否定式也是因「繫詞句省略」延伸造成的迷思。換言之,名詞謂語句和繫詞句不單純是非正式語體和正式語體的對比而已,而是依據不同的語義關係或語用策略而採取的句式選擇。其中,名詞謂語句除了量化關係以外,在其他三類須達成一定的句法、語義和語用條件才能使用:如出現在對比句構、作為謂語的名詞組需帶有修飾結構、或是帶有序列義的名詞等。語用上也與繫詞句有很大的差異,如相等關係展現出主謂語名詞之間的認同或親近感,存有關係經常與範圍副詞共現,強化全量或量少的語義等。本文最後分析學習者的名詞謂語句偏誤,發現以往可能低估了量化關係名詞謂語句的習得難度,部分學習者出現了繫詞泛用和遺漏的偏誤現象。本文根據Teng(2003)教學語法排序原則對這四種語義關係進行教學排序,依序是:量化關係、相等關係、存有關係和屬性關係。現代漢語名詞謂語句因其口語特性,長期以來被視為繫詞句的省略形式。因此忽略了名詞謂語句和繫詞句在語言經濟性和有效性之間,句法、語義、語用上產生的競逐關係,冀望本研究能作為一個起點,引發華語教學研究者對因「省略」之名而備受忽略的語言口語現象的關注和興趣。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Nominal predicates in modern Chinese have long been overlooked as a grammatical teaching point in Chinese language instruction. The main reason for this is the difficulty finding a cross-linguistic comparative framework. Past literature on the topic has compiled exhaustive lists to define this phenomenon. This paper uses the classification for verbless clauses proposed by Payne (1997), Pustet (2003), and Dixon (2010) as the basis for its examination of the four semantic relationships in Chinese nominal predicates: quantification, identity, existence and possession, and attribution.Among these four semantic relationships, it can be seen that Chinese copular clauses and nominal predicates exhibit a complementary distribution. The unmarked sentence structures in Chinese of quantification, identity, and existence and possession are that of nominal predicates, copular clauses, and you construction sentences, respectively, while attribution is expressed through a variety of sentence structures. Following the classification laid out in this paper, it becomes apparent that the traditional view of nominal predicates as “copular clauses with omissions” is an oversimplification of the structure of nominal predicates in modern Chinese. This oversimplification has brought about the myth that the Chinese bu shi represents the only negation structure for nominal predicates. In other words, the difference between nominal predicates and copular clauses cannot be attributed to informal and formal language alone. Instead, the sentence structure is chosen based on different semantic relationships or pragmatics. For instance, aside from quantification, the other three relationship categories of nominal predicates must meet certain syntactic, semantic and pragmatic requirements: such as appearing in a comparative sentence structure, having the noun phrase accompanying the predicate follow a structure that allows for qualification and has a sequential meaning, etc. There is also a notable difference with copular clauses when it comes to pragmatics. For example, identity relationships reveal the identity and closeness between the subject and nominal predicate, existence and possession relationships often appear alongside scope adverbs, strengthening the semantic meaning of large or small amounts, etc.Finally, this paper analyzes the errors learners make when producing nominal predicates. It finds that in the past the difficulty of quantification in nominal predicates was underestimated, finding errors in omission or unnecessary copular usage among a portion of learners. This paper follows the order for teaching the four semantic relationships set by Teng (2003): quantification, identity, existence and possession, and attribution.Due to the colloquial nature of Modern Chinese nominal predicates, they have been long regarded as copular clauses with omissions. As a result, the competitive relationship between the economy and efficiency principles of language have been overlooked with regard to nominal predicates and copular clauses. It is the intention of this research to inspire greater interest and attention among researchers of Chinese language instruction on “omissions” and their appearance in colloquial speech. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 11.1. 研究動機 11.2. 研究範圍 31.1.1. 「名詞謂語句」釋義 31.1.2. 名詞謂語句的研究範圍 51.3. 研究方法 12第二章 文獻探討 132.1. 類型學研究 132.1.1. 繫詞句和名詞謂語句 132.1.2. 繫詞省略句和名詞謂語句 222.1.3. 小結 242.2. 繫詞的功能和謂語句的類型 252.2.1. 繫詞的歷時發展類型 252.2.2. 無動詞句的謂語類型 282.3. 漢語名詞謂語句的共時研究 472.3.1. 名詞謂語句的句法問題 482.3.2. 認知語法與漢語名詞謂語句研究 56第三章 漢語名詞謂語句的範圍界定與句法特徵 593.1. 界定現代漢語名詞謂語句的範圍 593.2. 漢語名詞作為謂語時的「名詞力」(nounhood) 703.2.1. 數量結構與名詞謂語句 713.2.2. 修飾語結構與名詞謂語句 773.3. 漢語名詞作為謂語的「謂語力」(predicatehood) 823.3.1. 修飾名詞謂語句中的副詞 823.3.2. 漢語助詞「了」與名詞謂語句 863.4. 小結 91第四章 漢語名詞謂語句的語義類型和語用功能 954.1. 名詞謂語句的量化關係分析 984.1.1. 名詞謂語句的量化關係 984.1.2. 名詞謂語句量化關係的認知機制和語用特徵 1024.2. 名詞謂語句的相等關係分析 1084.2.1. 名詞謂語句的相等關係 1084.2.2. 名詞謂語句相等關係的認知機制和語用特徵 1134.3. 名詞謂語句的存有關係分析 1174.3.1. 名詞謂語句的存有關係 1174.3.2. 名詞謂語句存有關係的認知機制和語用特徵 1204.4. 名詞謂語句的屬性關係分析 1234.4.1. 名詞謂語句的屬性關係 1234.4.2. 名詞謂語句屬性關係的認知機制和語用特徵 1274.5. 小結 132第五章 漢語名詞謂語句的教學語法 1365.1. 華語教材裡的名詞謂語句 1365.2. 漢語名詞謂語句中介語分析 1445.2.1. 名詞謂語句量化關係的偏誤分析 1475.2.2. 名詞謂語句其他語義關係的偏誤分析 1495.3. 現代漢語名詞謂語句的教學語法 1535.3.1. 教學語法與原則 1535.3.2. 漢語名詞謂語句的教學語法描述 159第六章 結語 1676.1. 總結 1676.2. 研究限制與展望 169參考文獻 171 zh_TW dc.format.extent 3704969 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0100160501 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 名詞謂語句 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 繫詞句 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 教學語法 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 口語體 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 省略句 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Nominal predicate en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Copular clause en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Pedagogical grammar en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Colloquialism en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Ellipsis en_US dc.title (題名) 現代漢語名詞謂語句研究與教學應用 zh_TW dc.title (題名) A study of nominal predicates in modern Chinese and its pedagogical applications en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文參考書目丁邦新(譯)(1980)。中國話的文法。(原作者:趙元任)(1968)。香港:中文大學出版社王力(1980)。漢語史稿。北京:中華書局。王紅旗(2016)。體詞謂語句的範圍和語法形式。漢語學習(2),3-10。王玨(2001)。現代漢語名詞研究。上海:華東師範大學出版社。石定栩(2002)。體詞謂語句的結構與意義。載於徐烈炯、邵敬敏(主編),漢語語法研究的新拓展(465-480)。浙江:浙江教育出版社。石定栩(2009)。體詞謂語句和詞類劃分。漢語學報(1),29-40。石定栩(2011)。 名詞和名詞性成分。 北京: 北京大學出版社。石毓智(2001)。肯定與否定的對稱與不對稱。北京:北京語言文化大學出版社。石毓智(2005)。論判斷、焦點、強調與對比之關係—「是」的語法功能和使用條件。語言研究(4),45-53。朱德熙(1982)。語法講義。北京:商務印書館。朱德熙(1985)。語法答問。北京:商務印書館。朴正九(2016)。從類型學視角看和與形容詞謂語句的信息結構。中國語文(4),387-396。江藍生(2003)。語言接觸與元明時期的特殊判斷句。語言學論叢(28)。 北京:商務出版社。何中清(2019)。功能語法視角下的英語同位語分析。山東外語教學(2),36-45。呂叔湘(1979)。漢語語法分析問題。北京:商務印書館。李佐豐(2004)。古代漢語語法學。北京:商務印書館。汪維輝(譯)(2003)。古漢語判斷句中的繫詞。(原作者:馮勝利)。古漢語研究(1),30-36。沈家煊(1997)。形容詞句法功能的標記模式。中國語文(4),242-250。沈家煊(2016)。名詞與動詞。北京:商務印書館。邢福義(1984)。說「NP了」句式。語文研究(3),21-26。袁毓林(2010)。漢語詞類的認知研究和模糊劃分。上海:上海教育出版社。周國正(2007)。從漢語信息結構框架看繫詞「是」形成的動因。台大文史哲學報(66),1-16。帖伊、覃修桂(2019)體認語言學視角下的名詞謂語句研究:構式界定與認知動因。外國語文(5),22-29。林若望(2020)。形容詞謂語句及名詞謂語句的一些問題:談語意分析與華語教學。中國語學(267),1-23。孫朝奮(1994)。《虛詞論》評介。國外語言學(4),19-25。馬慶株(1991)。順序義對體詞語法功能的影響。漢語語義語法範疇問題,39-69。北京:北京語言文化大學出版社。高航(2008)。名詞謂語句的認知解釋:主觀化與心理掃描。外語研究(4),31-36。高航(2015)。句法結構形成中的語用因素:以現代漢語名詞謂語句為例。浙江外國語學院學報(5),1-8。高航(2020)。激進構式語法視角下名詞謂語句的跨語言研究。現代外語(4),464-476。陳俊光、劉心怡(2009)。漢語「好」的多視角分析與教學應用。華語文教學研究(2),45-98。張莉萍(2013)。TOCFL作文語料庫的建置與應用。載於崔希亮、張寶林(主編),第二屆漢語中介語語料庫建設與應用國際學術討論會論文選集(141-152)。北京:北京語言大學出版社。張斌(2010)。現代漢語描寫語法。北京:商務印書館 。張軼歐(2015)。日本大學生漢語學習語法實例偏誤分析—以初級學習階段為中心。關西大學外國語教育(14),91-105。張誼生(1996)。名詞的語義基礎及功能轉化與副詞修飾名詞。語言教學與研究(4),57-75。張麟聲(2017)。從對外漢語教學的角度來和「體詞謂語句」和「是字句」的互補性分布。海外華文教育(7),910-921。陳滿華(2008)。體詞謂語句研究。北京:中國文聯出版社。項開喜(2001)。體詞謂語句的功能透視。漢語學習(1),13-17。黃正德(1988)。說「是」和「有」。中央研究院歷史語言研究所集刊,43-64。劉月華等(2001)。實用現代漢語語法。北京:商務印書館。劉順(2003)。現代漢語名詞的多視角研究。上海,學林出版社。蔣紹愚、徐昌華(譯)(2003)。中國語歷史文法。(原作者:太田辰夫)。北京:北京大學出版社。鄧守信(2008)。對外漢語教學語法。台北:文鶴出版社。______(2018)。當代中文語法點全集。台北:聯經出版社。鄧思穎(2002)。經濟原則和漢語沒有動詞的句子。現代外語(1),______(2002)。漢語時間詞謂語句的限制條件。中國語文(3),217-221。______(2004)。空動詞從屬小句的特點。漢語學報(1),23-32。戴浩一(2002)。概念結構與非自主性語法:漢語語法概念系統初探。當代語言學(1),1-12。___(2007)。中文構詞和句法的概念結構。華語文教學研究(4),1-30。碩博士論文汪磊(2014)。外國學生名詞謂語句習得研究。南京師範大學碩士學位論文,南京。唐寬(2018)。現代漢語動詞短語省略結構的允准層級。澳門大學碩士學位論文,澳門。孫靜怡(2002)。華語副詞「都」的語義分析與教學語法。台灣師範大學碩士學位論文,台北。張麗娟(2017)。漢語名詞句篇章問題研究。武漢大學博士學位論文,湖北。廖香蘭(2009)。現代漢語「了」的認知研究。台灣師範大學碩士學位論文,台北。龐加光(2014)。漢語名詞謂語:基於重新範疇化的許可模式。南京大學博士學位論文,南京。教材肖奚強、朱敏(主編)(2008)漢語初級強化教程綜合課本(第一冊)。北京:北京大學出版社榮繼華(主編)(2011)發展漢語初級綜合教材(第一冊)。北京:北京語言大學出版社。劉珣(主編)(2003)。新實用漢語課本(第一冊)。北京:北京語言文化大學書版社鄧守信(主編)(2015)。當代中文課程課程(第一冊)。台北:聯經出版公司。英文參考書目Chen, P.(陳平) (2009). 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Taiwan Journal of Linguistics, 5, 85-130. zh_TW dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202200028 en_US