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題名 房地價格上漲率與其宗地價格上漲率之比率對不動產價格的影響
The effect of the ratio of estate price increase rate and its land parcel price increase rate on real estate prices.
作者 黃先智
HUANG, HSIEN-CHIH
貢獻者 林左裕
黃先智
HUANG, HSIEN-CHIH
關鍵詞 房地價格上漲率與其宗地價格上漲率之比率
土地槓桿比率
房價
地價
房價變動率
地價變動率
The Estate Price increase to Land Parcel Price increase ratio
Land Leverage
Real Estate Price
Land Price
Real Estate Price Increase Rate
Land Price Increase Rate
日期 2022
上傳時間 1-Mar-2022 17:45:52 (UTC+8)
摘要 不動產價格的決定應同時取決於不動產的供給與需求,而不動產供給價格彈性大小與不動產市場價格變動具有緊密聯繫。Bostic et al.(2007)提出土地槓桿假說:「不動產為土地與建物的結合,其土地槓桿比例(Land Leverage Ratio,土地總價占房地總價之比值)等於房地價格上漲率扣減建物價格上漲率再除以土地價格上漲率扣減建物價格上漲率之比率。因而認為不動產價格的變動主要源自土地之影響,其土地槓桿比例越高者,其不動產價格變動幅度越大」。但,本論文認為土地槓桿假說有些許不完美之處,從而運用供給價格彈性的理論以房地供給價格彈性及其宗地供給價格彈性之比,推導出房地價格上漲率與其宗地價格上漲率之比率(ELR)來取代土地槓桿假說,以解釋影響不動產價格發生變動之諸現象。
本論文以縣市合併前的原臺中市及沙鹿區作為研究範圍,採用2012年至2017年之不動產實價登錄資料中結構為鋼筋混凝土造之透天厝交易案例進行實證,計算個案房價變動率與ELR,並將房價及房價變動率作為被解釋變數,ELR作為解釋變數,透過複迴歸模型進行分析。研究結果指出,ELR對房價及房價變動率在景氣繁榮期確有顯著的影響,而在景氣衰退期就不甚明顯。另,在都會地區與鄉村區方面,ELR對房價及房價變動率的影響,在原台中市比沙鹿區影響更為顯著。
此結果說明,台中地區於景氣繁榮期ELR對房價及房價變動率,不論是都會地區或鄉村區均存在顯著的影響現象。
The price of real estate should be determined by the supply and demand of real estate, and the price elasticity of real estate supply is bound up with the price change of the real estate market. Bostic et al. (2007) proposed the Land Leverage Hypothesis, “Real estate is a combination of land and buildings, and the formula of land leverage ratio (the ratio of total land value to total real estate value) is as follows: (the real estate price increase rate - the building price increase rate) ÷ (the land price increase rate – the building price increase rate). Therefore, it is believed that changes in real estate prices are mainly influenced by the land, and the higher the land leverage ratio, the greater the changes in real estate prices." However, the author deems that the land leverage hypothesis is somewhat imperfect and employs the price elasticity of supply to deduce the Estate price increase to Land parcel price increase Ratio (ELR) based on the ratio of real estate supply price elasticity and land supply price elasticity to replace the land leverage hypothesis to explain the phenomena affecting the change of real estate price.
Taking the original Taichung City and Shalu District before the merger as the research targets, this study explored the housing transaction cases with reinforced concrete structure in the Actual Price Registration of Real Estate Transactions data from 2012 to 2017 for empirical analysis, calculated the house price change rate and ELR of the case, took the house price and house price change rate as the explained variable and ELR as the explanatory variable, and analyzed them with the multiple regression model. The research results indicate that ELR has a significant impact on house prices and house price change rate in the boom period, but the impact is not apparent in the recession period. Besides, in urban and rural areas, the impact of ELR on housing prices and the rate of change in housing prices is more significant in original Taichung City than in Shalu District.
The results show that ELR has a significant impact on housing price and housing price change in Taichung City during the boom period, no matter in urban areas or rural areas.
參考文獻 一、專書
林左裕,2018,『不動產投資管理』六版,台北:智勝文化事業有限公司。
郭婉容,1989,『個體經濟學』,台北:三民書局。
張清溪、許嘉棟、劉鶯釧、吳聰敏,1990,『經濟學理論與實際』初版,台北:新陸書局股份有限公司。
George Soros著;俞濟群。黃嘉斌譯,1995,『金融煉金術』初版,台北市:寰宇出版。
柄谷行人著;趙京華譯,2011,『跨越性批判-康德與馬克思』初版,中國:中央編譯出版社。
馬克思、恩格斯著;吳家駟譯,1990,『資本論(第一卷)』初版,台北:時報文化出版企業有限公司。
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二、中文參考文獻
吳孟璇,2015,「臺北市高房價成因剖析─以租價關係、總體因素與預期因素探討」,『國立政治大學地政學系碩士論文』,臺北市。
杜宇璇、宋豐荃、曾禹瑄、葛仲寧、陳奉瑤,2013,「台灣特徵價格模型之回顧分析」,『土地問題研究季刊』,12(2):44-57。
林子欽、李汪穎、陳國華,2011,「公寓建物之折舊估算與房屋稅負」,『都市與計劃』,38(1):31-46。
林祖嘉、馬毓駿,2007,「特徵方程式大量估價法在台灣不動產市場之應用」,『住宅學報』,16(2):1-22。
林素菁、林祖嘉,2001,「台灣地區住宅供給彈性之估計」,『住宅學報』,10(1):17-27。
邱麒安,2018,「總體景氣波動對房價之不對稱影響」,『國立政治大學地政學系博士學位論文』,臺北市。
洪得洋、林祖嘉,1999,「台北市捷運系統與道路寬度對房屋價格影響之研究」,『住宅學報』,8:47-67。
高毓穗,2007,「房地分離下建物折舊之研究」,『國立政治大學地政學系碩士學位論文』,臺北市。
高曉娜、蘭宜生,2016,「土地供給價格彈性、預期與房價波動分析」,『商業研究』,(465):43-50。
彭建文,2014,「總體經濟與房地產關聯分析」,『台灣地區2014房地產年鑑』:1-21。
張鵬、高波,2018,「土地供給價格彈性與房價波動:影響機制及實證研究」,『現代城市研究』,1009-6000(2018)06-0016-07。
梁仁旭,2012,「不動產價值逆折舊之探討」,『住宅學報』,21(2):71-90。
梁仁旭等,2017,「土地槓桿比例之研究--價值拆分、假說驗證與驅動分析」,『科技部補助專題研究計畫成果報告期末報告』,台北市。
楊宗憲、蘇倖慧,2011,「迎毗設施與鄰避設施對住宅價格影響之研究」,『住宅學報』,20(2):61-80。
葉士郁,2016,「土地槓桿比率與房價變動關聯性之研究」,『國立政治大學地政學系碩士學位論文』,台北市。
謝炘宏,2013,「房地分離下建物折舊路徑之探討」,『國立臺北大學不動產與城鄉學系碩士學位論文』,新北市。
嚴金海、豐雷,2019,「土地供應管制、住宅供給彈性與房價週期波動」,『中國土地科學』,33(3):16-24。

三、外文參考文獻
Bostic, R. W., S. D. Longhofer & C. L. Redfearn, 2007, “Land Decomposing Home Price Dynamics", Real Estate Economics, 35(2): 183-208.
Bourassa, S. C., D. R. Haurin, J. L. Haurin, M. Hoesli & J. Sun, 2009, “House Price Changes and Idiosyncratic Risk: the Impact of Property Characteristics", RealEstate Economics, 37(2): 259-278.
Bourassa, S. C., M. Hoesli, D. Scognamiglio & S. Zhang, 2011, “Land Leverage and House Prices", Regional Science & Urban Economics, 41(2): 134-144.
Burnett-Isaacs,K.,2015,“Using Hedonic to Create Land and Structure Price Indexes for the Ottawa Condominium Market", Statistics Canada.
Case, K. E., 2007, “The Value of Land in the United States: 1975-2005", Land Policies and Their Outcomes, 127-147.
Chen, M.& K. Patel, 1998, “Housing Price Dynamics and Granger Causality: An土地槓桿比率與房價變動關聯性之研究77 Analysis of Taipei New Dwelling Market", Journal of the Asia Real Estate Society, 1(1): 101-126.
Costello, G. & C. Leishman, 2012,“L& Leverage Dynamics in Property Markets",RICS Research.
Costello, G., 2014, “Land Price Dynamics in a Large Australian Urban Housing Markets",International Journal of Housing Market and Analysis,7(1),pp.42-60.
Davis, M. A. & J. Heathcote, 2007,“The Price & Quantity of Residential Land in the United States", Journal of Monetary Economics, 54(8): 2595-2620.
Davis, M. A. & M. G. Palumbo., 2008,“The Price of Residential Land in Large US Cities", Journal of Urban Economics, 63(1): 352-384.
Diewert, W. E., and R. Hendriks, 2011,“The decomposition of a house price index into land and structures components: A hedonic regression approach", The Valuation Journal, 6(1), pp. 58-105.
Diewert, W. E., J. D. Haan and R. Hendriks, 2015,“Hedonic Regressions and the Decomposition of a House Price Index into Land and Structure Components", Econometric Reviews, 34(1-2), pp. 106-126.
Diewert, E., and C. Shimizu, 2016,“Alternative Approaches to Commercial Property Price Indexes for Tokyo", Review of Income and Wealth.
Du, H., Y. Ma & Y. An, 2011, “The Impact of Land Policy on the Relation between Housing and Land Prices: Evidence from China", The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 51(1): 19-27.
Francke, M. K., and A. M. Minne, 2016, “Land, Structure and Depreciation", Real Estate Economics, 1(1), pp. 1-37..
Kuminoff, N. V., and J. C. Pope, 2013, “The value of residential land and structures during the great housing boom and bust", Land Economics, 89(1), pp. 1-29.
Larson, W., 2015, “New Estimates of Value of Land of the United States", BEA Working Papers.
Lin, T. C., and Alan W. Evans,2000,” The relationship between the price of land and size of plot when plots are small”, Univ. of Wisconsin Press, ISSN 0023-7639, ZDB-ID 214741-5. - Vol. 76.2000, 3, p. 386-394。
Lin, T. C., and M. H. Jhen, 2009, “Inequity of Land Valuation in the Highly Developed City of Taipei, Taiwan", Land Use Policy, 26(3), pp. 662-668.
Lum, S. K., 2002, “Market Fundamentals, Public Policy and Private Gain: Housing Price Dynamics in Singapore", Journal of Property Research, 19(2): 121-143.
Mikhed, V., & Zemčík, P., 2009, “Do House Prices Reflect Fundamentals?Aggregate and Panel Data Evidence", Journal of Housing Economics, 18(2):140-149.
Oikarinen, E., 2010, “An Econometric Examination on the Share of Land Value of Single-Family Housing Prices in Helsinki", Research on Finnish Society, 3:7-18.
Özdilek, Ü., 2012, “An Overview of the Enquiries on the Issue of Apportionment of Value between Land and Improvements", Journal of Property Research, 29(1), pp. 69-84.
Rauterkus, S. Y. & N. G. Miller, 2011, “Residential Land Values and Walkability",Journal of Sustainable Real Estate, 3(1):23-43.
Sirmans, S., Macpherson, D., & Zietz, E., 2005, “The Composition of Hedonic Pricing Models"Journal of Real Estate Literature, 13(1):1-44.
Tsai, I.& C. Peng., 2011, “Bubbles in the Taiwan Housing Market: The Determinants and Effects", Habitat Internationa, 135: 379-390.

四、網頁資料
勞動價值論,網址:https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/勞動價值理論。
貨幣中立說,網址:https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/貨幣中立性。
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
地政學系碩士在職專班
107923015
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107923015
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 林左裕zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 黃先智zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) HUANG, HSIEN-CHIHen_US
dc.creator (作者) 黃先智zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) HUANG, HSIEN-CHIHen_US
dc.date (日期) 2022en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Mar-2022 17:45:52 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Mar-2022 17:45:52 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Mar-2022 17:45:52 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0107923015en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/139256-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 地政學系碩士在職專班zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 107923015zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 不動產價格的決定應同時取決於不動產的供給與需求,而不動產供給價格彈性大小與不動產市場價格變動具有緊密聯繫。Bostic et al.(2007)提出土地槓桿假說:「不動產為土地與建物的結合,其土地槓桿比例(Land Leverage Ratio,土地總價占房地總價之比值)等於房地價格上漲率扣減建物價格上漲率再除以土地價格上漲率扣減建物價格上漲率之比率。因而認為不動產價格的變動主要源自土地之影響,其土地槓桿比例越高者,其不動產價格變動幅度越大」。但,本論文認為土地槓桿假說有些許不完美之處,從而運用供給價格彈性的理論以房地供給價格彈性及其宗地供給價格彈性之比,推導出房地價格上漲率與其宗地價格上漲率之比率(ELR)來取代土地槓桿假說,以解釋影響不動產價格發生變動之諸現象。
本論文以縣市合併前的原臺中市及沙鹿區作為研究範圍,採用2012年至2017年之不動產實價登錄資料中結構為鋼筋混凝土造之透天厝交易案例進行實證,計算個案房價變動率與ELR,並將房價及房價變動率作為被解釋變數,ELR作為解釋變數,透過複迴歸模型進行分析。研究結果指出,ELR對房價及房價變動率在景氣繁榮期確有顯著的影響,而在景氣衰退期就不甚明顯。另,在都會地區與鄉村區方面,ELR對房價及房價變動率的影響,在原台中市比沙鹿區影響更為顯著。
此結果說明,台中地區於景氣繁榮期ELR對房價及房價變動率,不論是都會地區或鄉村區均存在顯著的影響現象。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The price of real estate should be determined by the supply and demand of real estate, and the price elasticity of real estate supply is bound up with the price change of the real estate market. Bostic et al. (2007) proposed the Land Leverage Hypothesis, “Real estate is a combination of land and buildings, and the formula of land leverage ratio (the ratio of total land value to total real estate value) is as follows: (the real estate price increase rate - the building price increase rate) ÷ (the land price increase rate – the building price increase rate). Therefore, it is believed that changes in real estate prices are mainly influenced by the land, and the higher the land leverage ratio, the greater the changes in real estate prices." However, the author deems that the land leverage hypothesis is somewhat imperfect and employs the price elasticity of supply to deduce the Estate price increase to Land parcel price increase Ratio (ELR) based on the ratio of real estate supply price elasticity and land supply price elasticity to replace the land leverage hypothesis to explain the phenomena affecting the change of real estate price.
Taking the original Taichung City and Shalu District before the merger as the research targets, this study explored the housing transaction cases with reinforced concrete structure in the Actual Price Registration of Real Estate Transactions data from 2012 to 2017 for empirical analysis, calculated the house price change rate and ELR of the case, took the house price and house price change rate as the explained variable and ELR as the explanatory variable, and analyzed them with the multiple regression model. The research results indicate that ELR has a significant impact on house prices and house price change rate in the boom period, but the impact is not apparent in the recession period. Besides, in urban and rural areas, the impact of ELR on housing prices and the rate of change in housing prices is more significant in original Taichung City than in Shalu District.
The results show that ELR has a significant impact on housing price and housing price change in Taichung City during the boom period, no matter in urban areas or rural areas.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 目 錄
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 1
一、 研究動機 1
二、 研究目的 4
第二節 研究方法與範圍 5
一、 研究方法 5
二、 研究範圍 6
三、 研究限制 8
第三節 研究架構 10
第二章 立論基礎與文獻回顧 11
第一節 立論基礎 11
一、 供給價格彈性理論 11
二、 土地槓桿假說及省思 12
三、 特徵價格理論 16
第二節 文獻回顧 17
一、 土地槓桿比率之相關研究 17
二、 景氣循環與影響不動產價格之重要因素 23
第三節 小結 30
第三章 研究設計 32
第一節 實證模型之建構 32
一、房地價與地價複迴歸模型 32
二、房價變動率複迴歸模型 34
三、變數選取說明 35
第二節 資料來源與說明 39
第四章 房地價格上漲率與其宗地價格上漲率之比率(ELR)之實證結果分析 48
第一節 房地價格上漲率與其宗地價格上漲率之比率與不動產價格之關聯性 48
第二節 房地價格上漲率與其宗地價格上漲率之比率與不動產價格變動之關聯性 54
一、 房地價格上漲率與其宗地價格上漲率之比率(ELR)與房價變動之分析 54
第三節 房地價格上漲率與其宗地價格上漲率之比率(ELR)於政策運用之分析 59
一、穩定房地價格上漲率與其宗地價格上漲率之比率(ELR)水準 59
二、建構完善都市 60
第五章 結論 62
第一節 投機套利是市場的本質特性 62
第二節 研究結論 64
參 考 文 獻 66
圖目錄
圖 1 1臺中市行政區域圖 6
圖 1 2台中市2012年Q1至2018年Q4(透天厝)買賣契約價格平均單價 7
圖 1 3研究流程圖 10
表目錄
表3-1使用變數說明表 38
表3-2原台中市(2012年~2014年)房價變動率相關敘述統計表 40
表3-3 沙鹿區(2012年~2014年)房價變動率相關敘述統計表 41
表3-4建物估價相關參數設定表 42
表3-5原台中市(2012年、2014年、2017年)建物成本估價之相關敘述統計表 43
表3-6沙鹿區(2012年、2014年)建物成本估價之相關敘述統計表 43
表3-7 原台中市(2012年)研究樣本之連續變數敘述統計表 45
表3-8原台中市(2014年)研究樣本之連續變數敘述統計表 45
表3-9沙鹿區(2012年)研究樣本之連續變數敘述統計表 46
表3-10原台中市研究樣本之行政區分布統計表 46
表3-11原台中市研究樣本之虛擬變數敘述統計表(使用分區) 47
表3-12沙鹿區研究樣本之虛擬變數敘述統計表(使用分區) 47
表4-1原台中市景氣繁榮期房價複迴歸模型 50
表4-2原台中市景氣衰退期房價複迴歸模型 51
表4-3沙鹿區景氣繁榮期房價複迴歸模型 53
表4-4原台中市景氣繁榮期房價變動率複迴歸模型 57
表4-5原台中市景氣衰退期房價變動率複迴歸模型 57
表4-6沙鹿區景氣繁榮期房價變動率複迴歸模型 58
zh_TW
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107923015en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 房地價格上漲率與其宗地價格上漲率之比率zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 土地槓桿比率zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 房價zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 地價zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 房價變動率zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 地價變動率zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) The Estate Price increase to Land Parcel Price increase ratioen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Land Leverageen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Real Estate Priceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Land Priceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Real Estate Price Increase Rateen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Land Price Increase Rateen_US
dc.title (題名) 房地價格上漲率與其宗地價格上漲率之比率對不動產價格的影響zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The effect of the ratio of estate price increase rate and its land parcel price increase rate on real estate prices.en_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
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四、網頁資料
勞動價值論,網址:https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/勞動價值理論。
貨幣中立說,網址:https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/貨幣中立性。
zh_TW
dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202200260en_US