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題名 集體安全制度與非國際性武裝衝突： 區域組織於非洲之實踐
The Collective Security System and Non-International Armed Conflicts: Practice of Regional Organizations in Africa作者 張毓恬
Chang, Yu-Tien貢獻者 蔡沛倫
Tsai, Pei-Lun
張毓恬
Chang, Yu-Tien關鍵詞 非洲和平安全架構
非洲聯盟
聯合國憲章第八章
集體安全制度
西非國家經濟共同體
國際刑事法
邀請干涉
非洲團結組織
保護責任
非憲政秩序政府更迭
保持占有
African Peace and Security Architecture
African Union
chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter
collective security system
Economic Community of West African States
international criminal law
intervention by invitation
Organization of African Unity
responsibility to protect
unconstitutional changes of government
uti possidetis日期 2022 上傳時間 1-Mar-2022 18:05:02 (UTC+8) 摘要 在無中央政府狀態的國際社會中，國家藉由加入全球以及區域的集體安全制度保障自身避免戰爭自二十世紀中期變得蓬勃。於此之際，非國際性武裝衝突已成為國際和平及安全威脅的來源，不僅衝擊聯合國的集體安全制度，也刺激非洲次區域以及區域集體安全制度的發展。本文回顧聯合國、非洲聯盟、西非國家經濟共同體之集體安全制度的發展歷程並分析其主要規範；透過聯合國與非洲聯盟在蒲隆地、索馬利亞、蘇丹達佛、中非共和國，以及聯合國與西非國家經濟共同體在賴比瑞亞、象牙海岸、馬利的共同實踐，探討全球-區域如何運用集體安全制度處理非國際性武裝衝突。在集體安全制度的規範方面，非洲聯盟與西非國家經濟共同體的集體安全制度共同的特色皆涵蓋衝突預防、訂定有條件的干涉權，以及訂有非憲政秩序政府更迭的制裁機制。此外，兩者的調停以及決策機制也反映非洲問題非洲方法解決的特性。在全球-區域合作方面，聯合國維和行動的部署多為接替非洲聯盟、西非國家經濟共同體的和平任務，整體而言，在區域辦法優先的原則下，非洲區域組織是處理會員國發生國內衝突第一線的反應者，而聯合國目前仍主要責任的承擔者以及建設和平的主導者。此外，非洲和平安全架構仍存在各次區域能力發展不均的現象，如何有效解決跨區域的衝突仍是難題。在對抗大規模暴行的合作上，對於聯合國以國際刑事法院機制究責，非洲聯盟採取抵制的態度，欲將國際刑事管轄權非洲化，但後續的實踐顯示許多非洲國家願意與安全理事會合作，終結在武裝衝突中有罪不罰的文化。
Since mid-20th century, in the international community, where there is an absence of a central government, states have secured themselves from armed conflicts by participating in regional and global collective security systems. In the meantime, non-international armed conflicts have become the main sources of threats to international peace and security, not only impacting the United Nations (UN) collective security system, but also contributing to the development of collective security systems in sub-regional and regional organizations, including those in Africa.This thesis reviews collective security systems of the UN, the African Union (AU), and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and their development, and analyzes their core instruments. It also explores how these systems have been applied to manage non-international armed conflicts through examinng practice of the UN and the AU in Burundi, Somalia, Darfur, and Central African Republic and that of the UN and the ECOWAS in Liberia, Côte d’Ivoire, and Mali.The analysis of the legal and institutional frameworks reveals that both the AU and the ECOWAS collective security systems cover conflict prevention, the right of conditioned intervention, and sanctions to the unconstitutional changes of government. Also, their mediation and decision-making mechanisms reflect characteristics of African solutions to African problems.The study of cooperation patterns under the global-regional security framework shows that the AU and ECOWAS peace missions have been frequently taken over by UN operations. Overall, following the doctrine of priority to regional arrangements, African regional organizations are the first responders to African intra-state conflicts, but the UN still plays a leading role and often shoulders the primary duty in the peacebuilding process. In addition, the African Peace and Security Architecture has existed unequal capacity development of subregional organizations, and effectively tackling transregional conflicts remains a difficult task. In combating mass atrocities, the AU had refused the UN’s stance on holding perpetrators accountable through the International Criminal Court, and the AU tried to Africanize jurisdiction over the atrocity crimes. But subsequent states practice indicates that many African states are willing to cooperate with the Security Council to end the culture of impunity in armed conflicts.參考文獻 英文專書Abass, A. (2004). Regional organisations and the development of collective security: Beyond chapter viii of the UN Charter. 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國立政治大學
外交學系
106253011資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106253011 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 蔡沛倫 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Tsai, Pei-Lun en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 張毓恬 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chang, Yu-Tien en_US dc.creator (作者) 張毓恬 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Chang, Yu-Tien en_US dc.date (日期) 2022 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Mar-2022 18:05:02 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Mar-2022 18:05:02 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Mar-2022 18:05:02 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0106253011 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/139291 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 外交學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 106253011 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 在無中央政府狀態的國際社會中，國家藉由加入全球以及區域的集體安全制度保障自身避免戰爭自二十世紀中期變得蓬勃。於此之際，非國際性武裝衝突已成為國際和平及安全威脅的來源，不僅衝擊聯合國的集體安全制度，也刺激非洲次區域以及區域集體安全制度的發展。本文回顧聯合國、非洲聯盟、西非國家經濟共同體之集體安全制度的發展歷程並分析其主要規範；透過聯合國與非洲聯盟在蒲隆地、索馬利亞、蘇丹達佛、中非共和國，以及聯合國與西非國家經濟共同體在賴比瑞亞、象牙海岸、馬利的共同實踐，探討全球-區域如何運用集體安全制度處理非國際性武裝衝突。在集體安全制度的規範方面，非洲聯盟與西非國家經濟共同體的集體安全制度共同的特色皆涵蓋衝突預防、訂定有條件的干涉權，以及訂有非憲政秩序政府更迭的制裁機制。此外，兩者的調停以及決策機制也反映非洲問題非洲方法解決的特性。在全球-區域合作方面，聯合國維和行動的部署多為接替非洲聯盟、西非國家經濟共同體的和平任務，整體而言，在區域辦法優先的原則下，非洲區域組織是處理會員國發生國內衝突第一線的反應者，而聯合國目前仍主要責任的承擔者以及建設和平的主導者。此外，非洲和平安全架構仍存在各次區域能力發展不均的現象，如何有效解決跨區域的衝突仍是難題。在對抗大規模暴行的合作上，對於聯合國以國際刑事法院機制究責，非洲聯盟採取抵制的態度，欲將國際刑事管轄權非洲化，但後續的實踐顯示許多非洲國家願意與安全理事會合作，終結在武裝衝突中有罪不罰的文化。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Since mid-20th century, in the international community, where there is an absence of a central government, states have secured themselves from armed conflicts by participating in regional and global collective security systems. In the meantime, non-international armed conflicts have become the main sources of threats to international peace and security, not only impacting the United Nations (UN) collective security system, but also contributing to the development of collective security systems in sub-regional and regional organizations, including those in Africa.This thesis reviews collective security systems of the UN, the African Union (AU), and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and their development, and analyzes their core instruments. It also explores how these systems have been applied to manage non-international armed conflicts through examinng practice of the UN and the AU in Burundi, Somalia, Darfur, and Central African Republic and that of the UN and the ECOWAS in Liberia, Côte d’Ivoire, and Mali.The analysis of the legal and institutional frameworks reveals that both the AU and the ECOWAS collective security systems cover conflict prevention, the right of conditioned intervention, and sanctions to the unconstitutional changes of government. Also, their mediation and decision-making mechanisms reflect characteristics of African solutions to African problems.The study of cooperation patterns under the global-regional security framework shows that the AU and ECOWAS peace missions have been frequently taken over by UN operations. Overall, following the doctrine of priority to regional arrangements, African regional organizations are the first responders to African intra-state conflicts, but the UN still plays a leading role and often shoulders the primary duty in the peacebuilding process. In addition, the African Peace and Security Architecture has existed unequal capacity development of subregional organizations, and effectively tackling transregional conflicts remains a difficult task. In combating mass atrocities, the AU had refused the UN’s stance on holding perpetrators accountable through the International Criminal Court, and the AU tried to Africanize jurisdiction over the atrocity crimes. But subsequent states practice indicates that many African states are willing to cooperate with the Security Council to end the culture of impunity in armed conflicts. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1第一節 研究目的 1第二節 文獻回顧 3一、集體安全概念及其演變 3二、非國際性武裝衝突 8三、集體安全制度的全球-區域框架 11第三節 研究範圍 13第四節 研究途徑與方法 13ㄧ、文件分析 14二、個案研究 15第五節 論文章節安排 16第二章 聯合國集體安全制度 17第一節 從《大西洋憲章》到《聯合國憲章》 17一、聯合國成立經過 17二、成立目的、原則與主要機關 19第二節 聯合國集體安全制度之主要規範 24一、《聯合國憲章》之爭端和平解決 24二、《聯合國憲章》與武力使用 24三、《聯合國憲章》外的非國際性武裝衝突干涉型態 30四、其他相關國際法文件 36五、聯合國維和行動規範與演變 37第三節 從剛果行動到軍事干涉利比亞 40一、剛果(1960-1964年) 40二、利比亞(2011年) 43第四節 小結 46第三章 非洲聯盟集體安全制度 49第一節 從《非洲團結組織憲章》到《非洲聯盟組織法》 49一、非洲團結組織簡介 49二、非洲團結組織集體安全制度之發展(1963-1990年) 54三、安全改革與非洲聯盟成立 73第二節 非洲聯盟集體安全制度之主要規範 78一、《非洲聯盟組織法》 79二、《關於建立非洲聯盟和平安全理事會議定書》 84三、《非洲防衛與安全共同政策宣言》 92第三節 非洲聯盟干涉權之實踐 94一、邀請干涉 94二、對抗大規模暴行 100三、非洲聯盟任務與《聯合國憲章》第八章 113第四節 小結 116第四章 西非國家經濟共同體集體安全制度 119第一節 從《西非國家經濟共同體條約》到《修訂條約》 119一、ECOWAS成立簡介 119二、ECOWAS集體安全制度的形成與發展(1975-1999年) 122三、擴及安全功能 136第二節 西非國家經濟共同體集體安全制度之主要規範 138一、《關於西非國家經濟共同體衝突預防、管理、解決、維和及安全機制議定書》 138二、《民主與善治議定書》 145第三節 西非國家經濟共同體之干涉實踐 147一、賴比瑞亞、象牙海岸、馬利 147二、奈及利亞、ECOWAS以及非洲聯盟 161三、ECOWAS任務與《聯合國憲章》第八章 164第四節 小結 167第五章 結論 169第一節 非洲區域集體安全制度特色 169一、衝突預防 169二、決策機制 171三、訂定處理會員國國內衝突之干涉權 171四、制裁非憲政秩序政府更迭 173第二節 非洲區域組織因應非國際性武裝衝突之模式 175一、和平進程與辦法 175二、終結對大規模暴行的有罪不罰 177第三節 聯合國體系下的全球-區域安全合作 179一、非國際性武裝衝突與安全理事會決議案 179二、聯合國-非洲區域組織安全合作型態 180參考文獻 183 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2505103 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106253011 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 非洲和平安全架構 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 非洲聯盟 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 聯合國憲章第八章 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 集體安全制度 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 西非國家經濟共同體 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國際刑事法 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 邀請干涉 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 非洲團結組織 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 保護責任 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 非憲政秩序政府更迭 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 保持占有 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) African Peace and Security Architecture en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) African Union en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) collective security system en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Economic Community of West African States en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) international criminal law en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) intervention by invitation en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Organization of African Unity en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) responsibility to protect en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) unconstitutional changes of government en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) uti possidetis en_US dc.title (題名) 集體安全制度與非國際性武裝衝突： 區域組織於非洲之實踐 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Collective Security System and Non-International Armed Conflicts: Practice of Regional Organizations in Africa en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 英文專書Abass, A. 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