Publications-Theses
Article View/Open
Publication Export
-
題名 聊天機器人之採用行為與顧客品牌關係之研究
A Study on the Adoption Behavior of Chatbots and Customer Brand Relationships作者 王若璇
Wang, Jo-Hsuan貢獻者 陳建維
Chen, Chien Wei
王若璇
Wang, Jo-Hsuan關鍵詞 品牌聊天機器人
科技接受模型
顧客品牌關係日期 2022 上傳時間 1-Jul-2022 15:58:56 (UTC+8) 摘要 聊天機器人透過電腦程式設計與人工智慧技術的應用,藉由預先設定的腳本或是自然語言處理技術模擬如真人般的對話。自2016年Meta (前身為臉書)與微軟開放各自通訊平台的聊天機器人開發資源後,聊天機器人開始成為許多品牌積極開發的行銷溝通工具,其主要目的包括將聊天機器人設計為全時段的客戶服務以分擔真人客服的工作量;或者品牌會根據活動與優惠檔期設計聊天機器人以增加期間內與消費者的互動;品牌亦可以將聊天機器人互動中所蒐集到的消費者行為資料加以分析,達到更加精準的行銷目標。本研究欲探討品牌在推出品牌聊天機器人時消費者的知覺感受將如何影響消費者的滿意度與持續使用意圖,以及研究品牌推出聊天機器人是否可以真的幫助到品牌長期與與消費者維繫關係並且值得品牌持續投入開發。本研究架構包含消費者的感知有用性、感知易用性、感知享受與感知風險,使用品牌聊天機器人後的滿意度與持續使用意願,以及品牌效益相關變數,透過問卷調查的方式探討知覺感受如何影響品牌聊天機器人的滿意度與持續使用意圖,並探討品牌聊天機器人的使用體驗如何影響顧客語品牌的關係。最後總共回收有效問卷236份,研究結果顯示:正向的感知有用性、感知易用性與感知享受皆有助於提升消費者對品牌聊天機器人的滿意度與持續使用意圖,而越高的感知易用性則會提升感知有用性。感知風險則是負向影響消費者對品牌聊天機器人的滿意度與持續使用意圖。此外,正向的聊天機器人使用體驗將提高消費者與品牌互動的意願,而如果品牌聊天機器人讓消費者有較高的社會臨場感將會強化其與品牌持續互動的意願,並且有助於進一步幫助消費者成為品牌的忠誠顧客。最後,消費者對於使用品牌聊天機器人的自我效能並不會在模型中產生調節效果,個人資訊科技創新程度則是會產生負向顯著的調節效果。 參考文獻 一、中文文獻1.王昊奮、邵浩、李方圓、張凱、宋亞楠 (2019)。中文自然語言處理實戰:聊天機器人與深度學習整合應用。台灣:博碩。2.數位時代(2019)。真人吃不下的客服量,它30秒搞定!3個成功案例,看Chatbot「聊」出大商機。民111年5月28日,取自:https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/54610/chatbot-kfc-skyscanner3.Chatisfy. (2021)。超過22億名用戶在使用臉書與Messenger你想抓住幾個?民111年5月28日,取自:https://www.chatisfy.com/messenger4.Gosky. (2022)。GoSky 社群 CRM 關鍵報告白皮書. 民111年5月22日,取自: https://www.goskyai.com/tw-blog/gosky-2022-social-crm-whitepaper5.Meta. (2019)。大勢所趨?不可不知的對話式商務。民111年5月22號,取自:https://www.facebook.com/business/news/insights/conversational-commerce6.Wang. E. (2018)。KFC 肯德基 Chatbot 輕鬆完成線上訂餐。民111年5月28號,取自:https://rb.gy/cdfzed二、英文文獻1.Adamopoulou, E., & Moussiades, L. (2020). An Overview of Chatbot Technology. In I. Maglogiannis, L. Iliadis, & E. Pimenidis, Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations Cham.2.Agarwal, R., & Prasad, J. (1998). A conceptual and operational definition of personal innovativeness in the domain of information technology. Information systems research, 9(2), 204-215.3.Alreck, P. L., & Settle, R. B. (1999). Strategies for building consumer brand preference. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 8, 130-144.4.Ambler, T., Bhattacharya, C. B., Edell, J., Keller, K. L., Lemon, K. N., & Mittal, V. (2002). Relating brandand customer perspectives on marketing management. Journal of service research, 5(1), 13-25.5.Babin, B. J., Darden, W. R., & Griffin, M. (1994). Work and/or fun: measuring hedonic and utilitarian shopping value. Journal of Consumer research, 20(4), 644-656.6.Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Prentice-Hall, Inc.7.Bauer, R. A. (1960). Consumer Behavior as Risk Taking. Risk Taking and Information Handling in Consumer Behavior. D. F. Cox. Cambridge, Mass, Harvard University Press. 389-398.8.Bedué, P. (2020b). Just Fun and Games? Utilitarian and Hedonic Chatbot Perceptions and Their Role for Continuance Intentions. In W. Abramowicz & G. Klein, Business Information Systems Cham.9.Bhattacherjee, A. (2001). Understanding information systems continuance: An expectation-confirmation model. MIS Quarterly, 351-370.10.Biocca, F. (1997). The Cyborg`s Dilemma: Progressive Embodiment in Virtual Environments [1]. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.1997.tb00070.x11.Biocca, F., Harms, C., & Burgoon, J. (2003). Towards A More Robust Theory and Measure of Social Presence: Review and Suggested Criteria. Presence, 12, 456-480. https://doi.org/10.1162/10547460332276127012.Boerman, S. C., Kruikemeier, S., & Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. J. (2017). Online Behavioral Advertising: A Literature Review and Research Agenda. Journal of Advertising, 46(3), 363-376. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2017.133936813.Botha, E., & Reyneke, M. (2016). The Influence of Social Presence on Online Purchase Intention: An Experiment with Different Product Types. In C. Campbell & J. Ma, Looking Forward, Looking Back: Drawing on the Past to Shape the Future of Marketing Cham.14.Brakus, J. J., Schmitt, B. H., & Zarantonello, L. (2009). Brand experience: what is it? How is it measured? Does it affect loyalty? Journal of marketing, 73(3), 52-68.15.Brandtzaeg, P. B., & Følstad, A. (2017). Why people use chatbots. International conference on internet science,16.Brodie, R. J., Hollebeek, L. D., Jurić, B., & Ilić, A. (2011). Customer engagement: Conceptual domain, fundamental propositions, and implications for research. Journal of service research, 14(3), 252-271.17.Budulan, Ș. (2018). Chatbot Categories and Their Limitations. https://dzone.com/articles/chatbots-categories-and-their-limitations-118.Calder, B. J., Malthouse, E. C., & Schaedel, U. (2009). An Experimental Study of the Relationship between Online Engagement and Advertising Effectiveness. Journal of interactive marketing, 23(4), 321-331. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2009.07.00219.Caro, L. M., & García, J. A. M. (2007). Cognitive–affective model of consumer satisfaction. An exploratory study within the framework of a sporting event. Journal of Business Research, 60(2), 108-114.20.Chaudhuri, A., & Holbrook, M. B. (2001). The chain of effects from brand trust and brand affect to brand performance: the role of brand loyalty. Journal of marketing, 65(2), 81-93.21.Chen, C.-F., & Chen, P.-C. (2011). Applying the TAM to travelers’ usage intentions of GPS devices. Expert Systems with Applications, 38(5), 6217-6221.22.Chen, C.-F., & Wang, J.-P. (2016). Customer participation, value co-creation and customer loyalty – A case of airline online check-in system. Computers in Human Behavior, 62, 346-352. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.04.01023.Cheng, Y., & Jiang, H. (2022). Customer–brand relationship in the era of artificial intelligence: understanding the role of chatbot marketing efforts. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 31(2), 252-264. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-05-2020-290724.Compeau, D., Higgins, C. A., & Huff, S. (1999). Social Cognitive Theory and Individual Reactions to Computing Technology: A Longitudinal Study. MIS Quarterly, 23(2), 145-158. https://doi.org/10.2307/24974925.Compeau, D. R., & Higgins, C. A. (1995). Computer Self-Efficacy: Development of a Measure and Initial Test. MIS Quarterly, 19(2), 189-211. https://doi.org/10.2307/24968826.Cyr, D., Hassanein, K., Head, M., & Ivanov, A. (2007). The Role of Social Presence in Establishing Loyalty in e-Service Environments. Interacting with Computers, 19, 43-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intcom.2006.07.01027.Datareportal. (2022). DIGITAL 2022: TAIWAN. Retrieved May 22, 2022 from https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2022-taiwan28.Davis, F. D. (1985). A technology acceptance model for empirically testing new end-user information systems: Theory and results Massachusetts Institute of Technology].29.Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1989). User Acceptance of Computer Technology: A Comparison of Two Theoretical Models. Management Science, 35(8), 982-1003. http://www.jstor.org/stable/263215130.Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1992). Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation to Use Computers in the Workplace1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22(14), 1111-1132. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00945.x31.Delgado‐Ballester, E., & Munuera‐Alemán, J. L. (2001). Brand trust in the context of consumer loyalty. European Journal of marketing.32.Dick, A. S., & Basu, K. (1994). Customer loyalty: toward an integrated conceptual framework. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 22(2), 99-113.33.Dowling, G., Staelin, R., 1994. A model of perceived risk and intended risk-handling activity. Journal of Consumer Research, 21, 119–134.34.Doney, P. M., & Cannon, J. P. (1997). An examination of the nature of trust in buyer–seller relationships. Journal of marketing, 61(2), 35-51.35.Eastin, M. S. (2002). Diffusion of e-commerce: an analysis of the adoption of four e-commerce activities. Telematics and Informatics, 19(3), 251-267.36.Erciş, A., Ünal, S., Candan, F. B., & Yıldırım, H. (2012). The effect of brand satisfaction, trust and brand commitment on loyalty and repurchase intentions. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 58, 1395-1404.37.Farhat, K., Mokhtar, S. S. M., & Salleh, S. B. M. (2021). Role of brand experience and brand affect in creating brand engagement: A case of higher education institutions (HEIs). Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 31(1), 107-135.38.Featherman, M. S., & Pavlou, P. A. (2003). Predicting e-services adoption: a perceived risk facets perspective. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 59(4), 451-474.39.Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behaviour: An introduction to theory and research (Vol. 27).40.Flynn, L. R., & Goldsmith, R. E. (1993). A validation of the Goldsmith and Hofacker innovativeness scale. Educational and psychological measurement, 53(4), 1105-1116.41.Gefen, D., Karahanna, E., & Straub, D. W. (2003). Trust and TAM in online shopping: An integrated model. MIS Quarterly, 51-90.42.Gefen, D., & Keil, M. (1998). The impact of developer responsiveness on perceptions of usefulness and ease of use: An extension of the technology acceptance model. ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems, 29(2), 35-49.43.Gentsch, P. (2018). AI in marketing, sales and service. How marketers without a data science degree can use AI, big data and bots. Palgrave Macmillan.44.Gist, M. E. (1987). Self-efficacy: Implications for organizational behavior and human resource management. Academy of management review, 12(3), 472-485.45.Goldsmith, R. E., & Hofacker, C. F. (1991). Measuring consumer innovativeness. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 19(3), 209-221.46.Ha, H.-Y., & Perks, H. (2005). Effects of consumer perceptions of brand experience on the web: Brand familiarity, satisfaction and brand trust. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 4, 438-452. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.2947.Hassanein, K., & Head, M. (2007). Manipulating perceived social presence through the web interface and its impact on attitude towards online shopping. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 65(8), 689-708. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2006.11.01848.Heale, R., & Twycross, A. (2015). Validity and reliability in quantitative studies. Evidence-based nursing, 18(3), 66-67.49.Heinonen, K., & Strandvik, T. (2002). Consumer responsiveness to marketing communication in digital channels. Frontiers of e-Business Research, 137-152.50.Heinonen, K., & Strandvik, T. (2006). Consumer Responsiveness to Mobile Marketing. Hanken School of Economics, Working Papers, 5. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMC.2007.01417751.Hellier, P. K., Geursen, G. M., Carr, R. A., & Rickard, J. A. (2003). Customer repurchase intention: A general structural equation model. European Journal of marketing.52.Heo, M., & Lee, K. J. (2018). Chatbot as a new business communication tool: The case of naver talktalk. Business Communication Research and Practice, 1(1), 41-45.53.Higgins, E. T. (2006). Value from hedonic experience and engagement. Psychological review, 113(3), 439.54.Hill, J., Ford, W. R., & Farreras, I. G. (2015). Real conversations with artificial intelligence: A comparison between human–human online conversations and human–chatbot conversations. Computers in Human Behavior, 49, 245-250.55.Hollebeek, L. D., Glynn, M. S., & Brodie, R. J. (2014). Consumer brand engagement in social media: Conceptualization, scale development and validation. Journal of interactive marketing, 28(2), 149-165.56.Horppu, M., Kuivalainen, O., Tarkiainen, A., & Ellonen, H. K. (2008). Online satisfaction, trust and loyalty, and the impact of the offline parent brand. Journal of Product & Brand Management.57.Hoyer, W. D., & Brown, S. P. (1990). Effects of brand awareness on choice for a common, repeat-purchase product. Journal of Consumer research, 17(2), 141-148.58.Hsu, M.-H., & Chiu, C.-M. (2004). Internet self-efficacy and electronic service acceptance. Decision Support Systems, 38(3), 369-381. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2003.08.00159.Hsu, M. H., Chiu, C. M., & Ju, T. L. (2004). Determinants of continued use of the WWW: an integration of two theoretical models. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 104(8/9), 766-775. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/0263557041056775760.Hussain, S., Ameri Sianaki, O., & Ababneh, N. (2019). A Survey on Conversational Agents/Chatbots Classification and Design Techniques. In L. Barolli, M. Takizawa, F. Xhafa, & T. Enokido, Web, Artificial Intelligence and Network Applications Cham.61.Igbaria., M., (1993) “User Acceptance of Microcomputer Technology: An Empirical Test” Omega, 21(1). 73-9162.Igbaria, M., Iivari, J., & Maragahh, H. (1995). Why do individuals use computer technology? A Finnish case study. Information & Management, 29(5), 227-238. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-7206(95)00031-063.Iglesias, O., Singh, J. J., & Batista-Foguet, J. M. (2011). The role of brand experience and affective commitment in determining brand loyalty. Journal of Brand Management, 18(8), 570-582. https://doi.org/10.1057/bm.2010.5864.Im, I., Kim, Y., & Han, H.-J. (2008). The effects of perceived risk and technology type on users’ acceptance of technologies. Information & Management, 45(1), 1-9.65.InsiderIntelligence. (2022). Top AI chatbots for business in 2022: Benefits and platform integrations. Retrieved May 23, 2022 from https://www.insiderintelligence.com/insights/best-ai-chatbots-online-robot-chat/66.Jacoby, J., & Chestnut, R. W. (1978). Brand Loyalty, Measurement and Management.67.Jacoby, J., & Kaplan, L. B. (1972). The components of perceived risk. ACR special volumes.68.Janarthanam, S. (2017). Hands-On Chatbots and Conversational UI Development. Packet Publishing Ltd.69.Jex, S. M., & Bliese, P. D. (1999). Efficacy beliefs as a moderator of the impact of work-related stressors: a multilevel study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(3), 349.70.Kaplan, L. B., Szybillo, G. J., & Jacoby, J. (1974). Components of perceived risk in product purchase: A cross-validation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 59(3), 287.71.Keller, K. L. (1993). Conceptualizing, measuring, and managing customer-based brand equity. Journal of marketing, 57(1), 1-22.72.Kim, D. J., Ferrin, D. L., & Rao, H. R. (2008). A trust-based consumer decision-making model in electronic commerce: The role of trust, perceived risk, and their antecedents. Decision Support Systems, 44(2), 544-564.73.Kim, Y. H., Kim, D. J., & Wachter, K. (2013). A study of mobile user engagement (MoEN): Engagement motivations, perceived value, satisfaction, and continued engagement intention. Decision Support Systems, 56, 361–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2013.07.00274.Kirton, M. (1976). Adaptors and innovators: A description and measure. Journal of Applied Psychology, 61(5), 622.75.Kumar, V., Aksoy, L., Donkers, B., Venkatesan, R., Wiesel, T., & Tillmanns, S. (2010). Undervalued or Overvalued Customers: Capturing Total Customer Engagement Value. Journal of Service Research - J SERV RES, 13, 297-310. https://doi.org/10.1177/109467051037560276.Lau, G. T., & Lee, S. H. (1999). Consumers` trust in a brand and the link to brand loyalty. Journal of Market-Focused Management, 4(4), 341-370.77.Lee, H., Choi, S. Y., & Kang, Y. S. (2009). Formation of e-satisfaction and repurchase intention: Moderating roles of computer self-efficacy and computer anxiety. Expert Systems with Applications, 36(4), 7848-7859.78.Lee, M.-C. (2009). Factors influencing the adoption of internet banking: An integration of TAM and TPB with perceived risk and perceived benefit. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 8(3), 130-141. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2008.11.00679.Lee, Y., Kozar, K. A., & Larsen, K. R. (2003). The technology acceptance model: Past, present, and future. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 12(1), 50.80.Ling, K. C., Daud, D. B., Piew, T. H., Keoy, K. H., & Hassan, P. (2011). Perceived risk, perceived technology, online trust for the online purchase intention in Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(6), 167.81.Lu, B., Fan, W., & Zhou, M. (2016). Social presence, trust, and social commerce purchase intention: An empirical research. Computers in Human Behavior, 56, 225-237.82.Luarn, P., & Lin, H.-H. (2005). Toward an understanding of the behavioral intention to use mobile banking. Computers in Human Behavior, 21(6), 873-891.83.Manen, V. (2016). Bot or not: this is why Facebook bets on chatbots. https://marketingfacts.nl/berichten/chatbots-facebook-inzet-chatbots-messenger84.Mano, H., & Oliver, R. L. (1993). Assessing the dimensionality and structure of the consumption experience: evaluation, feeling, and satisfaction. Journal of Consumer research, 20(3), 451-466.85.McTear, M. C. C., Zoraida; Griol Barres, David. (2016). The conversational interface. Talking to smart devices. Springer.86.Merrilees, B. (2016). Interactive brand experience pathways to customer-brand engagement and value co-creation. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 25, 402-408. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-04-2016-115187.Messina, C. (2016). 2016 will be the year of conversational commerce. https://medium.com/chris-messina/2016-will-be-the-year-of-conversational-commerce-1586e85e3991#.bsdskkyji88.Midgley, D. F., & Dowling, G. R. (1978). Innovativeness: The concept and its measurement. Journal of Consumer research, 4(4), 229-242.89.Moorman, C., Deshpande, R., & Zaltman, G. (1993). Factors affecting trust in market research relationships. Journal of marketing, 57(1), 81-101.90.Moorman, C., Zaltman, G., & Deshpande, R. (1992). Relationships between providers and users of market research: The dynamics of trust within and between organizations. Journal of marketing research, 29(3), 314-328.91.Morgan, R., & Hunt, S. (1994). The Commitment-Trust Theory of Relationship Marketing. the journal of marketing, 58, 20-38. https://doi.org/10.2307/125230892.Morgan-Thomas, A., & Veloutsou, C. (2013). Beyond technology acceptance: Brand relationships and online brand experience. Journal of Business Research, 66(1), 21-27.93.Morris, J. D., Choi, Y., & Ju, I. (2016). Are Social Marketing and Advertising Communications (SMACs) Meaningful?: A Survey of Facebook User Emotional Responses, Source Credibility, Personal Relevance, and Perceived Intrusiveness. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 37(2), 165-182. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641734.2016.117118294.Morrison, S., & Crane, F. G. (2007). Building the service brand by creating and managing an emotional brand experience. Journal of Brand Management, 14(5), 410-421.95.Mou, Y., & Xu, K. (2017). The media inequality: Comparing the initial human-human and human-AI social interactions. Computers in Human Behavior, 72, 432-440.96.Murphy, P. E., & Enis, B. M. (1986). Classifying products strategically. Journal of marketing, 50(3), 24-42.97.Nimavat, K., & Champaneria, T. (2017). Chatbots: An overview. Types, Architecture, Tools and Future Possibilities.98.Oliver, R. L. (1980). A cognitive model of the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction decisions. Journal of marketing research, 17(4), 460-469.99.Oliver, R. L. (2014). Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer: A behavioral perspective on the consumer. Routledge.100.Ong, C. H., Lee, H. W., & Ramayah, T. (2018). Impact of brand experience on loyalty. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 27(7), 755-774.101.Papadopoulou, P., Andreou, A., Kanellis, P., & Martakos, D. (2001). Trust and relationship building in electronic commerce. Internet Research, 11(4), 322-332. https://doi.org/10.1108/10662240110402777102.Pavlou, P. A., & Fygenson, M. (2006). Understanding and predicting electronic commerce adoption: An extension of the theory of planned behavior. MIS Quarterly, 115-143.103.Peter, J. P., Ryan, Michael J. (1976). “An Investigation of Perceived Risk at the Brand Level.” Journal of Marketing Research 13(May): 184-188.104.Premkumar, G., & Bhattacherjee, A. (2008). Explaining information technology usage: A test of competing models. Omega, 36(1), 64-75.105.Ramaseshan, B., & Stein, A. (2014). Connecting the dots between brand experience and brand loyalty: The mediating role of brand personality and brand relationships. Journal of Brand Management, 21(7), 664-683.106.Roger, E. M. (1983). Diffusion of Innovation (Third Ed.). The Free Press, New York.107.Roger, E. M. (1995). Diffusion of Innovation (Fourth Ed.). The Free Press, New York.108.Rogers, E. M. a. F. F. S. (1971). Communication of Innovations. The Free Press, New York.109.Rourke, L., Anderson, T., Garrison, D. R., & Archer, W. (1999). Assessing Social Presence in Asynchronous Text-based Computer Conferencing. The Journal of Distance Education / Revue de l`ducation Distance, 14(2), 50-71.110.Sääksjärvi, M., & Samiee, S. (2011). Relationships among brand identity, brand image and brand preference: differences between cyber and extension retail brands over time. Journal of interactive marketing, 25(3), 169-177.111.Sahin, A., Zehir, C., & Kitapçı, H. (2011). The effects of brand experiences, trust and satisfaction on building brand loyalty; an empirical research on global brands. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 24, 1288-1301.112.Shopify. (2016). Conversational Commerce. https://www.shopify.com/encyclopedia/conversational-commerce113.Srinivasan, K. N., Cecilia; Tanguturi, Praveen. (2018). Chatbots are here to stay. So what are you waiting for? . Accenture.114.Statista. (2021). Number of monthly active Instagram users from January 2013 to December 2021. Retrieved May 26, 2022 from https://www.statista.com/statistics/253577/number-of-monthly-active-instagram-users/115.Teo, T. S. H., Lim, V. K. G., & Lai, R. Y. C. (1999). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in Internet usage. Omega, 27(1), 25-37. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-0483(98)00028-0116.Trivedi, J. (2019). Examining the customer experience of using banking chatbots and its impact on brand love: The moderating role of perceived risk. Journal of internet Commerce, 18(1), 91-111.117.Tsai, W.-H. S., Liu, Y., & Chuan, C.-H. (2021). How chatbots` social presence communication enhances consumer engagement: the mediating role of parasocial interaction and dialogue. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing.118.Tu, C.-H. (2000). On-line learning migration: From social learning theory to social presence theory in a CMC environment. J. Network and Computer Applications, 23, 27-37. https://doi.org/10.1006/jnca.1999.0099119.Tu, C.-H., & McIsaac, M. (2002). The relationship of social presence and interaction in online classes. The American journal of distance education, 16(3), 131-150.120.Van den Broeck, E., Zarouali, B., & Poels, K. (2019). Chatbot advertising effectiveness: When does the message get through? Computers in Human Behavior, 98, 150-157.121.van der Heijden, H. (2004). User Acceptance of Hedonic Information Systems. MIS Quarterly, 28(4), 695-704. https://doi.org/10.2307/25148660122.van Doorn, J., Lemon, K., Mittal, V., Nass, S., Pick, D., Pirner, P., & Verhoef, P. (2010). Customer Engagement Behavior: Theoretical Foundations and Research Directions. Journal of Service Research - J SERV RES, 13, 253-266. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670510375599123.Wang, L. C., Baker, J., Wagner, J. A., & Wakefield, K. (2007). Can a retail web site be social? Journal of marketing, 71(3), 143-157.124.Westbrook, R. A., & Oliver, R. L. (1981). Developing better measures of consumer satisfaction: some preliminary results. ACR North American Advances.125.Wirtz, J., & Bateson, J. E. (1999). Consumer satisfaction with services: integrating the environment perspective in services marketing into the traditional disconfirmation paradigm. Journal of Business Research, 44(1), 55-66.126.Yi, M. Y., Fiedler, K. D., & Park, J. S. (2006). Understanding the role of individual innovativeness in the acceptance of IT‐based innovations: Comparative analyses of models and measures. Decision sciences, 37(3), 393-426.127.Zarouali, B., Van den Broeck, E., Walrave, M., & Poels, K. (2018). Predicting consumer responses to a chatbot on Facebook. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 21(8), 491-497.128.Zumstein, D., & Hundertmark, S. (2017). CHATBOTS--AN INTERACTIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR PERSONALIZED COMMUNICATION, TRANSACTIONS AND SERVICES. IADIS International Journal on WWW/Internet, 15(1). 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際經營與貿易學系
109351011資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109351011 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 陳建維 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Chen, Chien Wei en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 王若璇 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Wang, Jo-Hsuan en_US dc.creator (作者) 王若璇 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Wang, Jo-Hsuan en_US dc.date (日期) 2022 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Jul-2022 15:58:56 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Jul-2022 15:58:56 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Jul-2022 15:58:56 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0109351011 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/140548 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國際經營與貿易學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 109351011 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 聊天機器人透過電腦程式設計與人工智慧技術的應用,藉由預先設定的腳本或是自然語言處理技術模擬如真人般的對話。自2016年Meta (前身為臉書)與微軟開放各自通訊平台的聊天機器人開發資源後,聊天機器人開始成為許多品牌積極開發的行銷溝通工具,其主要目的包括將聊天機器人設計為全時段的客戶服務以分擔真人客服的工作量;或者品牌會根據活動與優惠檔期設計聊天機器人以增加期間內與消費者的互動;品牌亦可以將聊天機器人互動中所蒐集到的消費者行為資料加以分析,達到更加精準的行銷目標。本研究欲探討品牌在推出品牌聊天機器人時消費者的知覺感受將如何影響消費者的滿意度與持續使用意圖,以及研究品牌推出聊天機器人是否可以真的幫助到品牌長期與與消費者維繫關係並且值得品牌持續投入開發。本研究架構包含消費者的感知有用性、感知易用性、感知享受與感知風險,使用品牌聊天機器人後的滿意度與持續使用意願,以及品牌效益相關變數,透過問卷調查的方式探討知覺感受如何影響品牌聊天機器人的滿意度與持續使用意圖,並探討品牌聊天機器人的使用體驗如何影響顧客語品牌的關係。最後總共回收有效問卷236份,研究結果顯示:正向的感知有用性、感知易用性與感知享受皆有助於提升消費者對品牌聊天機器人的滿意度與持續使用意圖,而越高的感知易用性則會提升感知有用性。感知風險則是負向影響消費者對品牌聊天機器人的滿意度與持續使用意圖。此外,正向的聊天機器人使用體驗將提高消費者與品牌互動的意願,而如果品牌聊天機器人讓消費者有較高的社會臨場感將會強化其與品牌持續互動的意願,並且有助於進一步幫助消費者成為品牌的忠誠顧客。最後,消費者對於使用品牌聊天機器人的自我效能並不會在模型中產生調節效果,個人資訊科技創新程度則是會產生負向顯著的調節效果。 zh_TW dc.description.tableofcontents 謝辭 i摘要 ii目次 iii圖次 v表次 iv第一章 緒論 1第一節 研究動機與背景 1第二節 研究目的 5第三節 研究流程 6第二章 文獻探討 7第一節 聊天機器人定義及應用 7第二節 聊天機器人之採用因素 13第三節 顧客品牌關係 18第三章 研究方法 22第一節 研究架構 22第二節 研究假說 23第三節 操作型定義與問項設計 29第四節 研究設計 36第四章 研究結果 38第一節 樣本結構分析 38第二節 因素與信度分析 42第三節 迴歸分析 63第五章 結論與建議 74第一節 研究結果與討論 74第二節 實務管理意涵 82第三節 研究限制與後續建議 84參考文獻 86附錄 正式問卷 100 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2683326 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109351011 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 品牌聊天機器人 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 科技接受模型 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 顧客品牌關係 zh_TW dc.title (題名) 聊天機器人之採用行為與顧客品牌關係之研究 zh_TW dc.title (題名) A Study on the Adoption Behavior of Chatbots and Customer Brand Relationships en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文文獻1.王昊奮、邵浩、李方圓、張凱、宋亞楠 (2019)。中文自然語言處理實戰:聊天機器人與深度學習整合應用。台灣:博碩。2.數位時代(2019)。真人吃不下的客服量,它30秒搞定!3個成功案例,看Chatbot「聊」出大商機。民111年5月28日,取自:https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/54610/chatbot-kfc-skyscanner3.Chatisfy. (2021)。超過22億名用戶在使用臉書與Messenger你想抓住幾個?民111年5月28日,取自:https://www.chatisfy.com/messenger4.Gosky. (2022)。GoSky 社群 CRM 關鍵報告白皮書. 民111年5月22日,取自: https://www.goskyai.com/tw-blog/gosky-2022-social-crm-whitepaper5.Meta. (2019)。大勢所趨?不可不知的對話式商務。民111年5月22號,取自:https://www.facebook.com/business/news/insights/conversational-commerce6.Wang. E. (2018)。KFC 肯德基 Chatbot 輕鬆完成線上訂餐。民111年5月28號,取自:https://rb.gy/cdfzed二、英文文獻1.Adamopoulou, E., & Moussiades, L. (2020). An Overview of Chatbot Technology. In I. Maglogiannis, L. Iliadis, & E. Pimenidis, Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations Cham.2.Agarwal, R., & Prasad, J. (1998). A conceptual and operational definition of personal innovativeness in the domain of information technology. Information systems research, 9(2), 204-215.3.Alreck, P. L., & Settle, R. B. (1999). Strategies for building consumer brand preference. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 8, 130-144.4.Ambler, T., Bhattacharya, C. B., Edell, J., Keller, K. L., Lemon, K. N., & Mittal, V. (2002). Relating brandand customer perspectives on marketing management. Journal of service research, 5(1), 13-25.5.Babin, B. J., Darden, W. R., & Griffin, M. (1994). Work and/or fun: measuring hedonic and utilitarian shopping value. Journal of Consumer research, 20(4), 644-656.6.Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Prentice-Hall, Inc.7.Bauer, R. A. (1960). Consumer Behavior as Risk Taking. Risk Taking and Information Handling in Consumer Behavior. D. F. Cox. Cambridge, Mass, Harvard University Press. 389-398.8.Bedué, P. (2020b). Just Fun and Games? Utilitarian and Hedonic Chatbot Perceptions and Their Role for Continuance Intentions. In W. Abramowicz & G. Klein, Business Information Systems Cham.9.Bhattacherjee, A. (2001). Understanding information systems continuance: An expectation-confirmation model. MIS Quarterly, 351-370.10.Biocca, F. (1997). The Cyborg`s Dilemma: Progressive Embodiment in Virtual Environments [1]. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.1997.tb00070.x11.Biocca, F., Harms, C., & Burgoon, J. (2003). Towards A More Robust Theory and Measure of Social Presence: Review and Suggested Criteria. Presence, 12, 456-480. https://doi.org/10.1162/10547460332276127012.Boerman, S. C., Kruikemeier, S., & Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. J. (2017). Online Behavioral Advertising: A Literature Review and Research Agenda. Journal of Advertising, 46(3), 363-376. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2017.133936813.Botha, E., & Reyneke, M. (2016). The Influence of Social Presence on Online Purchase Intention: An Experiment with Different Product Types. In C. Campbell & J. Ma, Looking Forward, Looking Back: Drawing on the Past to Shape the Future of Marketing Cham.14.Brakus, J. J., Schmitt, B. H., & Zarantonello, L. (2009). Brand experience: what is it? How is it measured? Does it affect loyalty? Journal of marketing, 73(3), 52-68.15.Brandtzaeg, P. B., & Følstad, A. (2017). Why people use chatbots. International conference on internet science,16.Brodie, R. J., Hollebeek, L. D., Jurić, B., & Ilić, A. (2011). Customer engagement: Conceptual domain, fundamental propositions, and implications for research. Journal of service research, 14(3), 252-271.17.Budulan, Ș. (2018). Chatbot Categories and Their Limitations. https://dzone.com/articles/chatbots-categories-and-their-limitations-118.Calder, B. J., Malthouse, E. C., & Schaedel, U. (2009). An Experimental Study of the Relationship between Online Engagement and Advertising Effectiveness. Journal of interactive marketing, 23(4), 321-331. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2009.07.00219.Caro, L. M., & García, J. A. M. (2007). Cognitive–affective model of consumer satisfaction. An exploratory study within the framework of a sporting event. Journal of Business Research, 60(2), 108-114.20.Chaudhuri, A., & Holbrook, M. B. (2001). The chain of effects from brand trust and brand affect to brand performance: the role of brand loyalty. Journal of marketing, 65(2), 81-93.21.Chen, C.-F., & Chen, P.-C. (2011). Applying the TAM to travelers’ usage intentions of GPS devices. Expert Systems with Applications, 38(5), 6217-6221.22.Chen, C.-F., & Wang, J.-P. (2016). Customer participation, value co-creation and customer loyalty – A case of airline online check-in system. Computers in Human Behavior, 62, 346-352. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.04.01023.Cheng, Y., & Jiang, H. (2022). Customer–brand relationship in the era of artificial intelligence: understanding the role of chatbot marketing efforts. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 31(2), 252-264. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-05-2020-290724.Compeau, D., Higgins, C. A., & Huff, S. (1999). Social Cognitive Theory and Individual Reactions to Computing Technology: A Longitudinal Study. MIS Quarterly, 23(2), 145-158. https://doi.org/10.2307/24974925.Compeau, D. R., & Higgins, C. A. (1995). Computer Self-Efficacy: Development of a Measure and Initial Test. MIS Quarterly, 19(2), 189-211. https://doi.org/10.2307/24968826.Cyr, D., Hassanein, K., Head, M., & Ivanov, A. (2007). The Role of Social Presence in Establishing Loyalty in e-Service Environments. Interacting with Computers, 19, 43-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intcom.2006.07.01027.Datareportal. (2022). DIGITAL 2022: TAIWAN. Retrieved May 22, 2022 from https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2022-taiwan28.Davis, F. D. (1985). A technology acceptance model for empirically testing new end-user information systems: Theory and results Massachusetts Institute of Technology].29.Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1989). User Acceptance of Computer Technology: A Comparison of Two Theoretical Models. Management Science, 35(8), 982-1003. http://www.jstor.org/stable/263215130.Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1992). Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation to Use Computers in the Workplace1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22(14), 1111-1132. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00945.x31.Delgado‐Ballester, E., & Munuera‐Alemán, J. L. (2001). Brand trust in the context of consumer loyalty. European Journal of marketing.32.Dick, A. S., & Basu, K. (1994). Customer loyalty: toward an integrated conceptual framework. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 22(2), 99-113.33.Dowling, G., Staelin, R., 1994. A model of perceived risk and intended risk-handling activity. Journal of Consumer Research, 21, 119–134.34.Doney, P. M., & Cannon, J. P. (1997). An examination of the nature of trust in buyer–seller relationships. Journal of marketing, 61(2), 35-51.35.Eastin, M. S. (2002). Diffusion of e-commerce: an analysis of the adoption of four e-commerce activities. Telematics and Informatics, 19(3), 251-267.36.Erciş, A., Ünal, S., Candan, F. B., & Yıldırım, H. (2012). The effect of brand satisfaction, trust and brand commitment on loyalty and repurchase intentions. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 58, 1395-1404.37.Farhat, K., Mokhtar, S. S. M., & Salleh, S. B. M. (2021). Role of brand experience and brand affect in creating brand engagement: A case of higher education institutions (HEIs). Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 31(1), 107-135.38.Featherman, M. S., & Pavlou, P. A. (2003). Predicting e-services adoption: a perceived risk facets perspective. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 59(4), 451-474.39.Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behaviour: An introduction to theory and research (Vol. 27).40.Flynn, L. R., & Goldsmith, R. E. (1993). A validation of the Goldsmith and Hofacker innovativeness scale. Educational and psychological measurement, 53(4), 1105-1116.41.Gefen, D., Karahanna, E., & Straub, D. W. (2003). Trust and TAM in online shopping: An integrated model. MIS Quarterly, 51-90.42.Gefen, D., & Keil, M. (1998). The impact of developer responsiveness on perceptions of usefulness and ease of use: An extension of the technology acceptance model. ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems, 29(2), 35-49.43.Gentsch, P. (2018). AI in marketing, sales and service. How marketers without a data science degree can use AI, big data and bots. Palgrave Macmillan.44.Gist, M. E. (1987). Self-efficacy: Implications for organizational behavior and human resource management. Academy of management review, 12(3), 472-485.45.Goldsmith, R. E., & Hofacker, C. F. (1991). Measuring consumer innovativeness. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 19(3), 209-221.46.Ha, H.-Y., & Perks, H. (2005). Effects of consumer perceptions of brand experience on the web: Brand familiarity, satisfaction and brand trust. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 4, 438-452. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.2947.Hassanein, K., & Head, M. (2007). Manipulating perceived social presence through the web interface and its impact on attitude towards online shopping. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 65(8), 689-708. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2006.11.01848.Heale, R., & Twycross, A. (2015). Validity and reliability in quantitative studies. Evidence-based nursing, 18(3), 66-67.49.Heinonen, K., & Strandvik, T. (2002). Consumer responsiveness to marketing communication in digital channels. Frontiers of e-Business Research, 137-152.50.Heinonen, K., & Strandvik, T. (2006). Consumer Responsiveness to Mobile Marketing. Hanken School of Economics, Working Papers, 5. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMC.2007.01417751.Hellier, P. K., Geursen, G. M., Carr, R. A., & Rickard, J. A. (2003). Customer repurchase intention: A general structural equation model. European Journal of marketing.52.Heo, M., & Lee, K. J. (2018). Chatbot as a new business communication tool: The case of naver talktalk. Business Communication Research and Practice, 1(1), 41-45.53.Higgins, E. T. (2006). Value from hedonic experience and engagement. Psychological review, 113(3), 439.54.Hill, J., Ford, W. R., & Farreras, I. G. (2015). Real conversations with artificial intelligence: A comparison between human–human online conversations and human–chatbot conversations. Computers in Human Behavior, 49, 245-250.55.Hollebeek, L. D., Glynn, M. S., & Brodie, R. J. (2014). Consumer brand engagement in social media: Conceptualization, scale development and validation. Journal of interactive marketing, 28(2), 149-165.56.Horppu, M., Kuivalainen, O., Tarkiainen, A., & Ellonen, H. K. (2008). Online satisfaction, trust and loyalty, and the impact of the offline parent brand. Journal of Product & Brand Management.57.Hoyer, W. D., & Brown, S. P. (1990). Effects of brand awareness on choice for a common, repeat-purchase product. Journal of Consumer research, 17(2), 141-148.58.Hsu, M.-H., & Chiu, C.-M. (2004). Internet self-efficacy and electronic service acceptance. Decision Support Systems, 38(3), 369-381. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2003.08.00159.Hsu, M. H., Chiu, C. M., & Ju, T. L. (2004). Determinants of continued use of the WWW: an integration of two theoretical models. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 104(8/9), 766-775. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/0263557041056775760.Hussain, S., Ameri Sianaki, O., & Ababneh, N. (2019). A Survey on Conversational Agents/Chatbots Classification and Design Techniques. In L. Barolli, M. Takizawa, F. Xhafa, & T. Enokido, Web, Artificial Intelligence and Network Applications Cham.61.Igbaria., M., (1993) “User Acceptance of Microcomputer Technology: An Empirical Test” Omega, 21(1). 73-9162.Igbaria, M., Iivari, J., & Maragahh, H. (1995). Why do individuals use computer technology? A Finnish case study. Information & Management, 29(5), 227-238. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-7206(95)00031-063.Iglesias, O., Singh, J. J., & Batista-Foguet, J. M. (2011). The role of brand experience and affective commitment in determining brand loyalty. Journal of Brand Management, 18(8), 570-582. https://doi.org/10.1057/bm.2010.5864.Im, I., Kim, Y., & Han, H.-J. (2008). The effects of perceived risk and technology type on users’ acceptance of technologies. Information & Management, 45(1), 1-9.65.InsiderIntelligence. (2022). Top AI chatbots for business in 2022: Benefits and platform integrations. Retrieved May 23, 2022 from https://www.insiderintelligence.com/insights/best-ai-chatbots-online-robot-chat/66.Jacoby, J., & Chestnut, R. W. (1978). Brand Loyalty, Measurement and Management.67.Jacoby, J., & Kaplan, L. B. (1972). The components of perceived risk. ACR special volumes.68.Janarthanam, S. (2017). Hands-On Chatbots and Conversational UI Development. Packet Publishing Ltd.69.Jex, S. M., & Bliese, P. D. (1999). Efficacy beliefs as a moderator of the impact of work-related stressors: a multilevel study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(3), 349.70.Kaplan, L. B., Szybillo, G. J., & Jacoby, J. (1974). Components of perceived risk in product purchase: A cross-validation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 59(3), 287.71.Keller, K. L. (1993). Conceptualizing, measuring, and managing customer-based brand equity. Journal of marketing, 57(1), 1-22.72.Kim, D. J., Ferrin, D. L., & Rao, H. R. (2008). A trust-based consumer decision-making model in electronic commerce: The role of trust, perceived risk, and their antecedents. Decision Support Systems, 44(2), 544-564.73.Kim, Y. H., Kim, D. J., & Wachter, K. (2013). A study of mobile user engagement (MoEN): Engagement motivations, perceived value, satisfaction, and continued engagement intention. Decision Support Systems, 56, 361–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2013.07.00274.Kirton, M. (1976). Adaptors and innovators: A description and measure. Journal of Applied Psychology, 61(5), 622.75.Kumar, V., Aksoy, L., Donkers, B., Venkatesan, R., Wiesel, T., & Tillmanns, S. (2010). Undervalued or Overvalued Customers: Capturing Total Customer Engagement Value. Journal of Service Research - J SERV RES, 13, 297-310. https://doi.org/10.1177/109467051037560276.Lau, G. T., & Lee, S. H. (1999). Consumers` trust in a brand and the link to brand loyalty. Journal of Market-Focused Management, 4(4), 341-370.77.Lee, H., Choi, S. Y., & Kang, Y. S. (2009). Formation of e-satisfaction and repurchase intention: Moderating roles of computer self-efficacy and computer anxiety. Expert Systems with Applications, 36(4), 7848-7859.78.Lee, M.-C. (2009). Factors influencing the adoption of internet banking: An integration of TAM and TPB with perceived risk and perceived benefit. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 8(3), 130-141. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2008.11.00679.Lee, Y., Kozar, K. A., & Larsen, K. R. (2003). The technology acceptance model: Past, present, and future. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 12(1), 50.80.Ling, K. C., Daud, D. B., Piew, T. H., Keoy, K. H., & Hassan, P. (2011). Perceived risk, perceived technology, online trust for the online purchase intention in Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(6), 167.81.Lu, B., Fan, W., & Zhou, M. (2016). Social presence, trust, and social commerce purchase intention: An empirical research. Computers in Human Behavior, 56, 225-237.82.Luarn, P., & Lin, H.-H. (2005). Toward an understanding of the behavioral intention to use mobile banking. Computers in Human Behavior, 21(6), 873-891.83.Manen, V. (2016). Bot or not: this is why Facebook bets on chatbots. https://marketingfacts.nl/berichten/chatbots-facebook-inzet-chatbots-messenger84.Mano, H., & Oliver, R. L. (1993). Assessing the dimensionality and structure of the consumption experience: evaluation, feeling, and satisfaction. Journal of Consumer research, 20(3), 451-466.85.McTear, M. C. C., Zoraida; Griol Barres, David. (2016). The conversational interface. Talking to smart devices. Springer.86.Merrilees, B. (2016). Interactive brand experience pathways to customer-brand engagement and value co-creation. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 25, 402-408. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-04-2016-115187.Messina, C. (2016). 2016 will be the year of conversational commerce. https://medium.com/chris-messina/2016-will-be-the-year-of-conversational-commerce-1586e85e3991#.bsdskkyji88.Midgley, D. F., & Dowling, G. R. (1978). Innovativeness: The concept and its measurement. Journal of Consumer research, 4(4), 229-242.89.Moorman, C., Deshpande, R., & Zaltman, G. (1993). Factors affecting trust in market research relationships. Journal of marketing, 57(1), 81-101.90.Moorman, C., Zaltman, G., & Deshpande, R. (1992). Relationships between providers and users of market research: The dynamics of trust within and between organizations. Journal of marketing research, 29(3), 314-328.91.Morgan, R., & Hunt, S. (1994). The Commitment-Trust Theory of Relationship Marketing. the journal of marketing, 58, 20-38. https://doi.org/10.2307/125230892.Morgan-Thomas, A., & Veloutsou, C. (2013). Beyond technology acceptance: Brand relationships and online brand experience. Journal of Business Research, 66(1), 21-27.93.Morris, J. D., Choi, Y., & Ju, I. (2016). Are Social Marketing and Advertising Communications (SMACs) Meaningful?: A Survey of Facebook User Emotional Responses, Source Credibility, Personal Relevance, and Perceived Intrusiveness. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 37(2), 165-182. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641734.2016.117118294.Morrison, S., & Crane, F. G. (2007). Building the service brand by creating and managing an emotional brand experience. Journal of Brand Management, 14(5), 410-421.95.Mou, Y., & Xu, K. (2017). The media inequality: Comparing the initial human-human and human-AI social interactions. Computers in Human Behavior, 72, 432-440.96.Murphy, P. E., & Enis, B. M. (1986). Classifying products strategically. Journal of marketing, 50(3), 24-42.97.Nimavat, K., & Champaneria, T. (2017). Chatbots: An overview. Types, Architecture, Tools and Future Possibilities.98.Oliver, R. L. (1980). A cognitive model of the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction decisions. Journal of marketing research, 17(4), 460-469.99.Oliver, R. L. (2014). Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer: A behavioral perspective on the consumer. Routledge.100.Ong, C. H., Lee, H. W., & Ramayah, T. (2018). Impact of brand experience on loyalty. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 27(7), 755-774.101.Papadopoulou, P., Andreou, A., Kanellis, P., & Martakos, D. (2001). Trust and relationship building in electronic commerce. Internet Research, 11(4), 322-332. https://doi.org/10.1108/10662240110402777102.Pavlou, P. A., & Fygenson, M. (2006). Understanding and predicting electronic commerce adoption: An extension of the theory of planned behavior. MIS Quarterly, 115-143.103.Peter, J. P., Ryan, Michael J. (1976). “An Investigation of Perceived Risk at the Brand Level.” Journal of Marketing Research 13(May): 184-188.104.Premkumar, G., & Bhattacherjee, A. (2008). Explaining information technology usage: A test of competing models. Omega, 36(1), 64-75.105.Ramaseshan, B., & Stein, A. (2014). Connecting the dots between brand experience and brand loyalty: The mediating role of brand personality and brand relationships. Journal of Brand Management, 21(7), 664-683.106.Roger, E. M. (1983). Diffusion of Innovation (Third Ed.). The Free Press, New York.107.Roger, E. M. (1995). Diffusion of Innovation (Fourth Ed.). The Free Press, New York.108.Rogers, E. M. a. F. F. S. (1971). Communication of Innovations. The Free Press, New York.109.Rourke, L., Anderson, T., Garrison, D. R., & Archer, W. (1999). Assessing Social Presence in Asynchronous Text-based Computer Conferencing. The Journal of Distance Education / Revue de l`ducation Distance, 14(2), 50-71.110.Sääksjärvi, M., & Samiee, S. (2011). Relationships among brand identity, brand image and brand preference: differences between cyber and extension retail brands over time. Journal of interactive marketing, 25(3), 169-177.111.Sahin, A., Zehir, C., & Kitapçı, H. (2011). The effects of brand experiences, trust and satisfaction on building brand loyalty; an empirical research on global brands. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 24, 1288-1301.112.Shopify. (2016). Conversational Commerce. https://www.shopify.com/encyclopedia/conversational-commerce113.Srinivasan, K. N., Cecilia; Tanguturi, Praveen. (2018). Chatbots are here to stay. So what are you waiting for? . Accenture.114.Statista. (2021). Number of monthly active Instagram users from January 2013 to December 2021. Retrieved May 26, 2022 from https://www.statista.com/statistics/253577/number-of-monthly-active-instagram-users/115.Teo, T. S. H., Lim, V. K. G., & Lai, R. Y. C. (1999). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in Internet usage. Omega, 27(1), 25-37. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-0483(98)00028-0116.Trivedi, J. (2019). Examining the customer experience of using banking chatbots and its impact on brand love: The moderating role of perceived risk. Journal of internet Commerce, 18(1), 91-111.117.Tsai, W.-H. S., Liu, Y., & Chuan, C.-H. (2021). How chatbots` social presence communication enhances consumer engagement: the mediating role of parasocial interaction and dialogue. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing.118.Tu, C.-H. (2000). On-line learning migration: From social learning theory to social presence theory in a CMC environment. J. Network and Computer Applications, 23, 27-37. https://doi.org/10.1006/jnca.1999.0099119.Tu, C.-H., & McIsaac, M. (2002). The relationship of social presence and interaction in online classes. The American journal of distance education, 16(3), 131-150.120.Van den Broeck, E., Zarouali, B., & Poels, K. (2019). Chatbot advertising effectiveness: When does the message get through? Computers in Human Behavior, 98, 150-157.121.van der Heijden, H. (2004). User Acceptance of Hedonic Information Systems. MIS Quarterly, 28(4), 695-704. https://doi.org/10.2307/25148660122.van Doorn, J., Lemon, K., Mittal, V., Nass, S., Pick, D., Pirner, P., & Verhoef, P. (2010). Customer Engagement Behavior: Theoretical Foundations and Research Directions. Journal of Service Research - J SERV RES, 13, 253-266. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670510375599123.Wang, L. C., Baker, J., Wagner, J. A., & Wakefield, K. (2007). Can a retail web site be social? Journal of marketing, 71(3), 143-157.124.Westbrook, R. A., & Oliver, R. L. (1981). Developing better measures of consumer satisfaction: some preliminary results. ACR North American Advances.125.Wirtz, J., & Bateson, J. E. (1999). Consumer satisfaction with services: integrating the environment perspective in services marketing into the traditional disconfirmation paradigm. Journal of Business Research, 44(1), 55-66.126.Yi, M. Y., Fiedler, K. D., & Park, J. S. (2006). Understanding the role of individual innovativeness in the acceptance of IT‐based innovations: Comparative analyses of models and measures. Decision sciences, 37(3), 393-426.127.Zarouali, B., Van den Broeck, E., Walrave, M., & Poels, K. (2018). Predicting consumer responses to a chatbot on Facebook. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 21(8), 491-497.128.Zumstein, D., & Hundertmark, S. (2017). CHATBOTS--AN INTERACTIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR PERSONALIZED COMMUNICATION, TRANSACTIONS AND SERVICES. IADIS International Journal on WWW/Internet, 15(1). zh_TW dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202200583 en_US
