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題名 供應鏈在疫情下的個案分析-以ZARA, 美國塞港與美國航空為例
Supply Chain Cases during Covid 19–ZARA, US Marine Port and American Airline作者 周彥宏
Chou, Yen Hung貢獻者 何富年
Ho, Foo-Nin
周彥宏
Chou, Yen Hung關鍵詞 供應鏈
新冠肺炎
ZARA
美國塞港
美國航空
Supply Chain
Covid-19
ZARA
US Marine Port
American Airline日期 2022 上傳時間 1-Jul-2022 16:17:11 (UTC+8) 摘要 Currently, one of the most important challenges in 2022 that humans confront on a daily basis is COVID-19. It affects every aspects of our daily life. Supply chain is one of the most serious issues facing not only manufacturers but also customers. From manufacturers perspectives, all industries including apparel and airline encounter labour, material, and logistics shortage, resulting in supply disruptions and not meeting demand level. From customers perspectives, multination locked down changed consumers’ behaviour - moving from physical channel to online channel. The situation forced retail and apparel giants to do digitalization. This study includes three supply chain cases during COVID-19. The first case looks at what supply chain challenges that ZARA faced during pandemic period and what they should do for their US supply chain and upcoming Gen Zers. The second case describes why US ports especially Los Angeles port faced serious congestion and what initiatives did US government do to reduce the queueing time for vessels. The last case looks what factors affect airline industry during Covid-19 period and what kind of preparation American Airline is doing post Covid-19 time. 參考文獻 Anna, G., Libbi, L., Karl, H. M., Corinne S. (2020). Survey: Consumer sentiment on sustainability in fashion. Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/retail/our-insights/survey-consumer-sentiment-on-sustainability-in-fashion (May 10, 2022)Lingjuan, W., Jishun, N.. Analysis of supply chain and marketing model——taking ZARA as an example Market Modernization, 2019(19): 19-20.Fei, Z., Bingyong, T.. Analysis of Supply Chain Optimization of Apparel Enterprises based on "Internet+"[J]. Wool Spinning Technology, 2019, 47(10): 55-59.Hongyan, D.. Analysis of the Supply Chain Issues of Apparel Enterprises under the "Internet +" Environment [D]. University of International Business and Economics, 2019.Yu, M.. Decoding ZARA`s innovative supply chain management model [J]. Modern Business, 2018(24): 17-18.Fenghu, N.. Analysis of Supply Chain Procurement Management Strategy of Manufacturing Enterprises [J]. China Market, 2019(12):174+180.Zhenjun, Z.. Research on the Optimization of Supply Chain Inventory Control in Apparel Enterprises [D]. Chengdu University of Technology, 2016.Liying, P.. How to conduct supply chain management in the apparel industry [J]. China Market, 2016(15): 27-28.Ian, M.S.. "Impact of COVID-19 on port terminal performance in the United States of America" . World Maritime University Dissertations, 2021.Patrick, B.. “Cargo Congestion on West Coast Is a Consequence of Complex Issues.”(2021) Retrieved from https://www.logisticsmgmt.com/article/cargo_congestion_on_west_coast_is_a_consequence_of_complex_issues (May 10, 2022)“A Record Year for America`s Ports and a Look to the Year Ahead.” The White House, The United States Government”(2022) Retrieved from https://www.whitehouse.gov/nec/briefing-room/2022/01/20/a-record-year-for-americas-ports-and-a-look-to-the-year-ahead/ (May 10, 2022)Augusta, S., Brendan M.. “Every Step of the Global Supply Chain Is Going Wrong — All at Once.” (2021) Retrieved from https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2021-congestion-at-americas-busiest-port-strains-global-supply-chain/ (May 10, 2022)Adam, Y.. “Shipping Container Rates Continue to Soar despite Increased Attention.” (2022) Retrieved from https://www.icis.com/explore/resources/news/2021/09/16/10685630/shipping-container-rates-continue-to-soar-despite-increased-attentio/%C2%A0 (May 10, 2022)“Viewpoint: The Causes of Port Congestion - and Tactics to Improve Efficiency.” (2021) Retrieved from https://www.freightwaves.com/news/viewpoint-the-causes-of-port-congestion-and-tactics-to-improve-efficiency (May 10, 2022)Mike, B.“AIR FORCE IN CRISIS, PART II: HOW DID WE GET HERE?” (2018) Retrieved from https://warontherocks.com/2018/03/air-force-in-crisis-part-ii-how-did-we-get-here/ (May 10, 2022)“Airline Pilot Hiring Outlook”(2022) Retrieved from https://atpflightschool.com/become-a-pilot/airline-career/pilot-hiring-outlook.html (May 10, 2022)“Airlines We Lost” (2020) Retrieved from https://crankyflier.com/2020/12/31/airlines-we-lost-2020/ (May 10, 2022)“Air Travelers Benefit from Robust Industry Competition”(2021) Retrieved from https://www.airlines.org/air-travelers-benefit-from-robust-industry-competition/ (May 10, 2022)“American Airline- American Airlines Business Model Navigator”(2021) Retrieved from https://businessmodelnavigator.com/case-firm?id=9 (May 10, 2022)Kyle, H..“American Airlines cuts several international flights due to aircraft shortage” Retrieved from https://www.traveloffpath.com/american-airlines-cuts-several-international-flights-due-to-aircraft-shortage/ (May 10, 2022)“American Airlines Fleet Details and History” (2022) Retrieved from https://www.planespotters.net/airline/American-Airlines (May 10, 2022)Jason, B.. “ATP Certificate Issuance Uptick in 2021” (2022) Retrieved from https://jasonblair.net/?p=3251 (May 10, 2022)“Domestic market share of leading U.S. airlines from January to December ,2021” Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/250577/domestic-market-share-of-leading-us-airlines/ (May 10, 2022)“FAA Aerospace Forecast Fiscal year 2021-2041” (2022) Retrieved from https://www.faa.gov/data_research/aviation/aerospace_forecasts/media/FY2021-41_FAA_Aerospace_Forecast.pdf (May 10, 2022)Adam, H.. “Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI)” (2021) Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hhi.asp (May 10, 2022)Nathan, R.. “How American Airlines Makes Money” (2022) Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/how-american-airlines-makes-money-5116980 (May 10, 2022)Sam, S.. “The airline pilot shortage is real and will cost all of us” Retrieved from https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/airline-pilot-shortage-real-cost-us-brace-impact/story?id=84176369 (May 10, 2022)Thomas, P.. “The pandemic devastated airlines in 2020 and forced many out of business — here`s the most notable that didn`t make it to 2021” (2021) Retrieved from https://www.businessinsider.com/airlines-that-went-out-of-business-in-2020-2021-1 (May 10, 2022)“Airline Fights- Flow Statistics” (2022) Retrieved from https://www.radarbox.com/statistics/airlines/AAL (May 10, 2022) 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA)
109933006資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109933006 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 何富年 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Ho, Foo-Nin en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 周彥宏 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chou, Yen Hung en_US dc.creator (作者) 周彥宏 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Chou, Yen Hung en_US dc.date (日期) 2022 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Jul-2022 16:17:11 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Jul-2022 16:17:11 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Jul-2022 16:17:11 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0109933006 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/140635 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 109933006 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Currently, one of the most important challenges in 2022 that humans confront on a daily basis is COVID-19. It affects every aspects of our daily life. Supply chain is one of the most serious issues facing not only manufacturers but also customers. From manufacturers perspectives, all industries including apparel and airline encounter labour, material, and logistics shortage, resulting in supply disruptions and not meeting demand level. From customers perspectives, multination locked down changed consumers’ behaviour - moving from physical channel to online channel. The situation forced retail and apparel giants to do digitalization. This study includes three supply chain cases during COVID-19. The first case looks at what supply chain challenges that ZARA faced during pandemic period and what they should do for their US supply chain and upcoming Gen Zers. The second case describes why US ports especially Los Angeles port faced serious congestion and what initiatives did US government do to reduce the queueing time for vessels. The last case looks what factors affect airline industry during Covid-19 period and what kind of preparation American Airline is doing post Covid-19 time. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents Introduction: Supply Chain Under Covid-19 1CASE 1: Fashionable Supply Chain in COVID-19 – ZARA 2Chapter 1: introduction 21.1 Apparel Industry Introduction 21.2 Apparel Global Supply Chain 31.3 Industry Opportunities 41.3.1 Digitalization 41.3.2 Sustanability 51.3.3 Consumer engagement 5Chapter 2: Apparel Industry Challenges Post COVID-19 62.1 Supply Chain Disruption 62.2 Sustanability 62.3 Uneven Covid-19 Recovery 6Chapter 3: ZARA Company Introduction 73.1 Zara Manufacturing Process 73.2 Zara v.s H&M 83.3 Covid 19 Impacts on Zara 83.3.1 Inefficient online platform 93.3.2 Shutdown of plants 93.3.3 Container shortage 9Chapter 4: Supply Chain Model of Zara 104.1 Zara supply chain model strength 104.1.1 High Accuracy Demand Forecasting 104.1.2 Proximity Sourcing 104.1.3 Centralized Logistics 114.1.4 Distribution Set Up 114.1.5 Manufacturing in Small Batches 11Chapter 5: Covid-19 Problem Statement for Zara 125.1 Fast fashion sales in North America 125.2 Resilient Supply Chain 115.3 Logistics Cost 115.4 Sustainable Practices 13Chapter 6: Research and Analysis 146.1 USA Retail store Network 146.1.1 Opening a large distribution center in USA 156.2 High Risk in intense supply chain in Asia and Europe 166.3 Zara Logistic Cost Analysis 17CASE 2: Supply Chain Issue: U.S. Port Congestion 18Chapter 1: Introduction 181.1 Port industry in US 181.2 Port operations 19Chapter 2: US Port Congestion Analysis 222.1 Increase in demand 222.2 COVID-19 232.3 Port infrastructure 232.4 Other infrastructure 242.5 Truck and Rail disruption 252.6 Concentration of volume in major ports 262.7 Increase in vessel size 27Chapter 3: US Port Congestion Impact 283.1 Increase in shipping delivery time 283.2 Increase in shipping cost 283.3 Longer queueing time for ships 293.4 Environmental Impact 293.5 Stock-out for Retail Industry 303.6 Difficult operations in Just in Time and Lean Manufacturing 30Chapter 4: Current Initiatives Taken 314.1 Longer Operation Time 314.2 Penalty Regulation 314.3 Retail Industry own vessels 31Chapter 5: Recommendation 325.1 Alternate Ports: 325.2 Congestion Prediction 325.3 Enhanced Visibility using IoT 335.4 Structural Improvements: 33CASE 3: American Airlines’ Capacity Shortage during COVID-19 34Chapter 1: Introduction 341.1 Introduction 341.2 Background of the airline industry 341.3 Background of the American Airline 35Chapter 2: The business model and challenges 372.1 Business model pattern 372.1.1 Cross Selling 372.1.2 Customer Loyalty 372.1.3 Direct Selling 372.1.4 Ultimate Luxury 382.2 Challenges 382.2.1 Revenue source risk 382.2.2 Talent Shortage 392.2.3 Competitive market 392.2.4 Delayed delivery of Boeing aircraft 392.2.5 Capital intensive, debt still needs to be paid even in a tough time 39Chapter 3: Impact of COVID-19 of American Airlines 403.1 Insufficient staff 403.2 Insufficient aircraft 403.3 Demand increases 403.4 Supply decrease 40Chapter 4: Factors of Capacity shortage in COVID-19 414.1 Shortage of pilots 414.1.1 The decreasing number of pilots trained 414.1.2 The shortage of military pilots 424.1.3 The pilot retirement age limit 424.1.4 Pilot exhaustion 434.2 Shortage of aircraft 444.3 Small Aircraft Companies Shut down 444.4 Demand increase in post Covid period 45Chapter 5: Solution for American Airlines 475-1. Hire more pilots and staff 475-2 Dynamic Pricing 48Conclusion 49References 50 zh_TW dc.format.extent 3390253 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109933006 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 供應鏈 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 新冠肺炎 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) ZARA zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 美國塞港 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 美國航空 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Supply Chain en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Covid-19 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) ZARA en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) US Marine Port en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) American Airline en_US dc.title (題名) 供應鏈在疫情下的個案分析-以ZARA, 美國塞港與美國航空為例 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Supply Chain Cases during Covid 19–ZARA, US Marine Port and American Airline en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Anna, G., Libbi, L., Karl, H. M., Corinne S. (2020). Survey: Consumer sentiment on sustainability in fashion. Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/retail/our-insights/survey-consumer-sentiment-on-sustainability-in-fashion (May 10, 2022)Lingjuan, W., Jishun, N.. Analysis of supply chain and marketing model——taking ZARA as an example Market Modernization, 2019(19): 19-20.Fei, Z., Bingyong, T.. Analysis of Supply Chain Optimization of Apparel Enterprises based on "Internet+"[J]. Wool Spinning Technology, 2019, 47(10): 55-59.Hongyan, D.. Analysis of the Supply Chain Issues of Apparel Enterprises under the "Internet +" Environment [D]. University of International Business and Economics, 2019.Yu, M.. Decoding ZARA`s innovative supply chain management model [J]. Modern Business, 2018(24): 17-18.Fenghu, N.. Analysis of Supply Chain Procurement Management Strategy of Manufacturing Enterprises [J]. China Market, 2019(12):174+180.Zhenjun, Z.. Research on the Optimization of Supply Chain Inventory Control in Apparel Enterprises [D]. Chengdu University of Technology, 2016.Liying, P.. How to conduct supply chain management in the apparel industry [J]. China Market, 2016(15): 27-28.Ian, M.S.. "Impact of COVID-19 on port terminal performance in the United States of America" . World Maritime University Dissertations, 2021.Patrick, B.. “Cargo Congestion on West Coast Is a Consequence of Complex Issues.”(2021) Retrieved from https://www.logisticsmgmt.com/article/cargo_congestion_on_west_coast_is_a_consequence_of_complex_issues (May 10, 2022)“A Record Year for America`s Ports and a Look to the Year Ahead.” The White House, The United States Government”(2022) Retrieved from https://www.whitehouse.gov/nec/briefing-room/2022/01/20/a-record-year-for-americas-ports-and-a-look-to-the-year-ahead/ (May 10, 2022)Augusta, S., Brendan M.. “Every Step of the Global Supply Chain Is Going Wrong — All at Once.” (2021) Retrieved from https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2021-congestion-at-americas-busiest-port-strains-global-supply-chain/ (May 10, 2022)Adam, Y.. “Shipping Container Rates Continue to Soar despite Increased Attention.” (2022) Retrieved from https://www.icis.com/explore/resources/news/2021/09/16/10685630/shipping-container-rates-continue-to-soar-despite-increased-attentio/%C2%A0 (May 10, 2022)“Viewpoint: The Causes of Port Congestion - and Tactics to Improve Efficiency.” (2021) Retrieved from https://www.freightwaves.com/news/viewpoint-the-causes-of-port-congestion-and-tactics-to-improve-efficiency (May 10, 2022)Mike, B.“AIR FORCE IN CRISIS, PART II: HOW DID WE GET HERE?” (2018) Retrieved from https://warontherocks.com/2018/03/air-force-in-crisis-part-ii-how-did-we-get-here/ (May 10, 2022)“Airline Pilot Hiring Outlook”(2022) Retrieved from https://atpflightschool.com/become-a-pilot/airline-career/pilot-hiring-outlook.html (May 10, 2022)“Airlines We Lost” (2020) Retrieved from https://crankyflier.com/2020/12/31/airlines-we-lost-2020/ (May 10, 2022)“Air Travelers Benefit from Robust Industry Competition”(2021) Retrieved from https://www.airlines.org/air-travelers-benefit-from-robust-industry-competition/ (May 10, 2022)“American Airline- American Airlines Business Model Navigator”(2021) Retrieved from https://businessmodelnavigator.com/case-firm?id=9 (May 10, 2022)Kyle, H..“American Airlines cuts several international flights due to aircraft shortage” Retrieved from https://www.traveloffpath.com/american-airlines-cuts-several-international-flights-due-to-aircraft-shortage/ (May 10, 2022)“American Airlines Fleet Details and History” (2022) Retrieved from https://www.planespotters.net/airline/American-Airlines (May 10, 2022)Jason, B.. “ATP Certificate Issuance Uptick in 2021” (2022) Retrieved from https://jasonblair.net/?p=3251 (May 10, 2022)“Domestic market share of leading U.S. airlines from January to December ,2021” Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/250577/domestic-market-share-of-leading-us-airlines/ (May 10, 2022)“FAA Aerospace Forecast Fiscal year 2021-2041” (2022) Retrieved from https://www.faa.gov/data_research/aviation/aerospace_forecasts/media/FY2021-41_FAA_Aerospace_Forecast.pdf (May 10, 2022)Adam, H.. “Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI)” (2021) Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hhi.asp (May 10, 2022)Nathan, R.. “How American Airlines Makes Money” (2022) Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/how-american-airlines-makes-money-5116980 (May 10, 2022)Sam, S.. “The airline pilot shortage is real and will cost all of us” Retrieved from https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/airline-pilot-shortage-real-cost-us-brace-impact/story?id=84176369 (May 10, 2022)Thomas, P.. “The pandemic devastated airlines in 2020 and forced many out of business — here`s the most notable that didn`t make it to 2021” (2021) Retrieved from https://www.businessinsider.com/airlines-that-went-out-of-business-in-2020-2021-1 (May 10, 2022)“Airline Fights- Flow Statistics” (2022) Retrieved from https://www.radarbox.com/statistics/airlines/AAL (May 10, 2022) zh_TW dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202200696 en_US
