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題名 俄羅斯社群媒體發展之研究
A Study on the Development of Russian Social Media
作者 苗迦南
Miao, Chia-Nan
貢獻者 林永芳
Lin, Yung Fang
苗迦南
Miao, Chia-Nan
關鍵詞 社群媒體
主權網路法
VK
Telegram
俄烏戰爭
Social media
Sovereign Runet Law
VK
Telegram
Russian-Ukrainian War
日期 2022
上傳時間 1-Jul-2022 16:30:09 (UTC+8)
摘要 網際網路的發展和社群媒體的出現，改變了使用者的使用習慣，成了最有效率的資訊傳播方式之一。社群媒體用途之廣泛，因其具有快速傳播的功能，除供一般用戶交換意見、結識友人外，亦有許多政府部門和政治人物透過平台發表政令或政治理念，藉此引起大眾的關注，此舉為許多國家和地區都帶來了巨大的影響。在歷史上，許多轟動全球的社會運動，其幕後功臣為社群媒體。此現象引起了國際的關注和警戒，藉此許多國家開始針對網路消息和社群媒體頒佈法令和加強管制手段。

在俄羅斯，與當局理念相左的反對派人士令政府難以忽視，因此加強社群媒體和網路管制力度成為削弱其勢力的方式之一。同時俄羅斯也常被認定為媒體操控大國，透過建立專屬管理機構和政府官員管理，特定內容、言論將被政府禁止，在現今俄羅斯的社會中成為常態。然網際網路技術日新月異、新型態的社群媒體出現，加上2022年2月俄羅斯與烏克蘭爆發軍事衝突，都讓俄羅斯社群媒體的發展帶來更多的變數。本研究透過分析現今法律和管制手段，觀察俄羅斯當前受歡迎的社群平台的使用情形，藉此了解目前俄羅斯社群媒體發展現況，並為此次研究提出研究建議，供日後研究者持續追蹤和探究。
The dynamic development of the Internet and the emergence of social media has changed users` habits and become one of the most efficient ways to disseminate information. Social media is widely used due to its ability to rapidly spread and disseminate information. In addition to general users exchanging opinions and social functions, many government departments and political figures publish their governmental decrees or spread ideas through various social platforms to draw public attention, greatly increasing the influence of social media platforms in many countries and regions. In contemporary history, social media has been behind many social movements that have rocked the world. This phenomenon has also elicited international attention and alarm. Many countries have begun to issue laws and tighten online information and social media controls.

In Russia, the government has found it difficult to ignore opponents of the government regime’s ideologies, which has exacerbated the government’s increased control over social media and the Internet to weaken the power of political opponents. At the same time, in Russia, the state has often been perceived as a key actor in the manipulation of information. It has become the norm in today`s Russian society that certain content and speech will be banned by the government by establishing a dedicated regulatory body and government officials.

However, with the rapid advances in Internet technology, the emergence of new forms of social media, and the outbreak of military conflict between Russia and Ukraine in February 2022 have created additional uncertainties in the development of Russian social media. This study analyzes the current legal and regulatory approaches to observing the use of popular social media platforms in Russia to understand the current state of social media development in Russia and propose research recommendations for future researchers to follow up and explore.
參考文獻 一、 中文部分

（一） 、書籍

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（二） 、期刊

李可寶，2019，〈從「今日俄羅斯」看俄羅斯媒體國際傳播策略〉，《學術交流》，305（8）：177-186。
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（三） 、專題研究計畫

潘競恆，2013，〈政府運用 Web 2.0 社群媒體行銷的新思維與策略〉電子治理研究中心研究計畫，計畫編號：RDEC-RES-101002，臺北：電子治理研究中心。

（四） 、網路資料

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二、 英文部分

（一）、書籍

Helmus, Todd C., Elizabeth Bodine-Baron, Andrew Radin, Madeline Magnuson, Joshua Mendelsohn, William Marcellino, Andriy Bega, and Zev Winkelman. Russian Social Media Influence: Understanding Russian Propaganda in Eastern Europe. Santa Monica, California: RAND Corporation, 2018.
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Selyukh, Alina. “A Russian Court Bans Facebook and Instagram as Extremist.” NPR, 2022. https://www.npr.org/2022/03/21/1087827003/facebook-instagram-russia-extremist-organization (accessed March, 26, 2022).
Sherman, Justin. “Reassessing Runet: Russian Internet Isolation and Implications for Russian Cyber Behavior.” Atlantic Council, 2021. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/issue-brief/reassessing-runet-russian-internet-isolation-and-implications-for-russian-cyber-behavior/ (accessed October, 19, 2021).
Sherman, Justin. “What`s behind Russia`s Decision to Ditch Its Ban on Telegram?” Atlantic Council, 2020. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/whats-behind-russias-decision-to-ditch-its-ban-on-telegram/ (accessed April, 19, 2022).
Shu, Catherine. “Meet Telegram, a Secure Messaging App from the Founders of VK, Russia`s Largest Social Network.” TechCrunch, 2013. https://techcrunch.com/2013/10/27/meet-telegram-a-secure-messaging-app-from-the-founders-of-vk-russias-largest-social-network/ (accessed April, 6, 2022).
Stadnik, Ilona. “A Closer Look at the ‘Sovereign Runet’ Law.” Internet Governance Project, 2019. https://www.internetgovernance.org/2019/05/16/a-closer-look-at-the-sovereign-runet-law/ (accessed October, 20, 2021).
Stegner, Ben. “7 Reasons Why You Might Want to Stop Using Telegram.” MUO, 2021. https://www.makeuseof.com/reasons-stop-using-telegram/ (accessed April, 18, 2022).
Stognei, Anastasia. “Yandex Launches Its New Social Media Network and Is Immediately Accused of Censorship.” The Bell, 2019. https://thebell.io/en/yandex-launches-its-new-social-media-network-and-is-immediately-accused-of-censorship/ (accessed March, 13, 2022).
Tennent, Callum. “Best Free & Paid Vpns for Russia: Beat the Russian VPN Ban.” Top10VPN, 2022. https://www.top10vpn.com/best-vpn/russia/ (accessed March, 27, 2022).
Toor, Amar. “How Putin`s Cronies Seized Control of Russia`s Facebook.” The Verge, 2014. https://www.theverge.com/2014/1/31/5363990/how-putins-cronies-seized-control-over-russias-facebook-pavel-durov-vk (accessed April, 5, 2022).
Trivedi, Varuni. “Russian Social Network VK to Aid NFT Trading and Monetizing.” Market News & Forecasts, Charts, Broker Reviews, 2022. https://www.fxempire.com/news/article/russian-social-network-vk-to-aid-nft-trading-and-monetizing-907558 (accessed April, 4, 2022).
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Warner, Andrew. “Vkontakte Sets Sights on English Speakers, Launches NMT.” Multi Lingual, 2021. https://multilingual.com/vkontakte-english-machine-translation/ (accessed February, 21, 2022).

三、 官方資料

Federal Service for Supervision in the Sphere of Telecom, Information Technologies and Mass Communications (ROSKOMNADZOR)官方網站, https://www.rkn.gov.ru/eng/ (accessed October, 3, 2021).
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
俄羅斯研究所
107263004
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107263004
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 林永芳zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Lin, Yung Fangen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 苗迦南zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Miao, Chia-Nanen_US
dc.creator (作者) 苗迦南zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Miao, Chia-Nanen_US
dc.date (日期) 2022en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Jul-2022 16:30:09 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Jul-2022 16:30:09 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Jul-2022 16:30:09 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0107263004en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/140706-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 俄羅斯研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 107263004zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 網際網路的發展和社群媒體的出現，改變了使用者的使用習慣，成了最有效率的資訊傳播方式之一。社群媒體用途之廣泛，因其具有快速傳播的功能，除供一般用戶交換意見、結識友人外，亦有許多政府部門和政治人物透過平台發表政令或政治理念，藉此引起大眾的關注，此舉為許多國家和地區都帶來了巨大的影響。在歷史上，許多轟動全球的社會運動，其幕後功臣為社群媒體。此現象引起了國際的關注和警戒，藉此許多國家開始針對網路消息和社群媒體頒佈法令和加強管制手段。

在俄羅斯，與當局理念相左的反對派人士令政府難以忽視，因此加強社群媒體和網路管制力度成為削弱其勢力的方式之一。同時俄羅斯也常被認定為媒體操控大國，透過建立專屬管理機構和政府官員管理，特定內容、言論將被政府禁止，在現今俄羅斯的社會中成為常態。然網際網路技術日新月異、新型態的社群媒體出現，加上2022年2月俄羅斯與烏克蘭爆發軍事衝突，都讓俄羅斯社群媒體的發展帶來更多的變數。本研究透過分析現今法律和管制手段，觀察俄羅斯當前受歡迎的社群平台的使用情形，藉此了解目前俄羅斯社群媒體發展現況，並為此次研究提出研究建議，供日後研究者持續追蹤和探究。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The dynamic development of the Internet and the emergence of social media has changed users` habits and become one of the most efficient ways to disseminate information. Social media is widely used due to its ability to rapidly spread and disseminate information. In addition to general users exchanging opinions and social functions, many government departments and political figures publish their governmental decrees or spread ideas through various social platforms to draw public attention, greatly increasing the influence of social media platforms in many countries and regions. In contemporary history, social media has been behind many social movements that have rocked the world. This phenomenon has also elicited international attention and alarm. Many countries have begun to issue laws and tighten online information and social media controls.

In Russia, the government has found it difficult to ignore opponents of the government regime’s ideologies, which has exacerbated the government’s increased control over social media and the Internet to weaken the power of political opponents. At the same time, in Russia, the state has often been perceived as a key actor in the manipulation of information. It has become the norm in today`s Russian society that certain content and speech will be banned by the government by establishing a dedicated regulatory body and government officials.

However, with the rapid advances in Internet technology, the emergence of new forms of social media, and the outbreak of military conflict between Russia and Ukraine in February 2022 have created additional uncertainties in the development of Russian social media. This study analyzes the current legal and regulatory approaches to observing the use of popular social media platforms in Russia to understand the current state of social media development in Russia and propose research recommendations for future researchers to follow up and explore.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 1
第二節 文獻回顧 4
第三節 研究途徑與方法 13
第四節 研究範圍與限制 15
第五節 章節安排 17

第二章 俄羅斯政府對社群媒體的管控 19
第一節 俄羅斯媒體自由度評比 19
第二節 俄羅斯社群媒體的法令規範 26
第三節 官方針對社群媒體的管控案例 32
第四節 小結 39

第三章 俄羅斯社群媒體現況 41
第一節 俄羅斯社群媒體的興起 41
第二節 俄羅斯主要的社群媒體 46
第三節 俄羅斯社群媒體使用情形與流行趨勢 51
第四節 小結 58

第四章 俄羅斯本土社群媒體—以VK和Telegram為例 60
第一節 VK和Telegram的發展沿革 60
第二節 VK和Telegram的使用情形 68
第三節 VK和Telegram的使用限制 74
第四節 小結 79

第五章 結論 81

參考資料 85		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 3752758 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107263004en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 社群媒體zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 主權網路法zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) VKzh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Telegramzh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 俄烏戰爭zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Social mediaen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Sovereign Runet Lawen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) VKen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Telegramen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Russian-Ukrainian Waren_US
dc.title (題名) 俄羅斯社群媒體發展之研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) A Study on the Development of Russian Social Mediaen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、 中文部分

（一） 、書籍

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（二） 、期刊

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許菁芸、郭武平，2013〈俄羅斯聯邦「競爭性威權」體制下之公民社會「管理」與民主走向〉，《政治科學論叢》，55：33-84。
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（三） 、專題研究計畫

潘競恆，2013，〈政府運用 Web 2.0 社群媒體行銷的新思維與策略〉電子治理研究中心研究計畫，計畫編號：RDEC-RES-101002，臺北：電子治理研究中心。

（四） 、網路資料

許睿洋，「一人對抗萬年執政黨的「科技民粹主義者」納瓦尼，是否真有可能取代普丁？」，The New Lens 關鍵評論，2019年08月，https://www.thenewslens.com/article/123146 (檢索於2021年11月9日)。
陳雅文，「Case Study - 個案研究法」，國家教育研究院 雙語詞彙、學術名詞暨辭書資訊網，1995年12月，http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1681584/ (檢索於2020年1月9日)。

二、 英文部分

（一）、書籍

Helmus, Todd C., Elizabeth Bodine-Baron, Andrew Radin, Madeline Magnuson, Joshua Mendelsohn, William Marcellino, Andriy Bega, and Zev Winkelman. Russian Social Media Influence: Understanding Russian Propaganda in Eastern Europe. Santa Monica, California: RAND Corporation, 2018.
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Urman, Aleksandra. “News Consumption of Russian Vkontakte Users: Polarization and News Avoidance.” International Journal of Communication 13 (2019): 5158–82.

（三）、網路資料

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三、 官方資料

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Yuri Levada Center官方網站, https://www.levada.ru/en/ (accessed October, 1, 2021).		zh_TW
dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202200490en_US