學術產出-Theses
Article View/Open
Publication Export
-
題名 懸置的影像:自然類紀錄片中的沉思風格——以《海》為例
The Suspensive Image: Contemplative Style in Ocean and other Nature Documentaries作者 胡超
Hu, Chao貢獻者 林玲遠
Lin, Ling-Yuan
胡超
Hu, Chao關鍵詞 自然紀錄片
懸置
海洋
影像
書寫
洪席耶
沉思
nature documentary
contemplation
suspension
image
ocean
writing
Jacques Rancière日期 2022 上傳時間 1-Aug-2022 18:17:31 (UTC+8) 摘要 本研究是對自然類紀錄片中的各類可見性之體制和影像在其中的運作模式的觀察。本文爬梳並反思了不同文化脈絡下有關沉思的理念與實踐,特別是沉思這一概念在電影影像實踐中的一些特定表現,如生態電影和慢電影在其風格選擇上的考量。本研究從洪席耶的「影像-句」概念出發,探索並示範了一種沉思風格,意圖尋找、想像和喚起人類社會與自然世界的不同連結和關係的可能性,以及影像在其間所扮演的角色。這一沉思風格特指影像的一種懸置運作,一種間斷與連續之間的懸置互動,是對不同的製作方式、存有模式與可見形式的探尋與實踐。沉思風格的安排方式重視異質元素的共存狀態。本文以由柯金源導演、台灣公共電視台在2016年製作發行的紀錄片作品《海》為例,展開論述這一沉思風格與懸置運作的具體表現形式。本研究認為《海》呈現了紀錄片實踐的不同樣貌與可能性,影片的非人類中心的出發點不僅體現在其主題的選擇與表達,更是關於藝術家意志與自然影像之間的互動關係的重構。通過編織來自海洋場域和不同社會脈絡的文學和影像文本,本文實驗了一種影像書寫與分析方式,這一書寫本身即可被視為是沉思風格與懸置運作的一次展演。
This thesis looks into different regimes of visibility and operations of image in nature documentaries. It reflects on the conception and practices of contemplation in different cultural contexts, and its link with certain cinematic practices, such as ecocinema and slow cinema’s stylistic choices. Drawing on Jacques Rancière’s concept of the sentence-image, this research explores and demonstrates what I call a contemplative style, in search for the possibility of contemplation that envisions and evokes a form of relationship with the natural world, and the role of image through its operations in constituting the possibility of this relationship. The contemplative style suggests a form of suspensive operation of the image, which offers to enact alternative ways of doing and making, modes of being and forms of visibility. This contemplative arrangement emphasizes the co-presence of heterogeneous elements. It carves out the potentialities and power of the interval, engaged in a suspensive interaction with the power of continuity. This is further illustrated in a close study of Ke Chin-yuan’s Ocean, a documentary project produced in 2016 by Taiwan’s Public Television Service. This thesis argues that Ocean challenges a convention of documentary practices, and marks a different turn to the nonhuman in the history of Taiwan’s ecodocumentary. This turn is understood from its refashioning of the interaction between the artistic will and the natural image. This thesis also looks into Taiwan’s nature writing and ocean literature in view of a shared social backdrop, and the languages and textures cultivated by the oceanic milieu. Interweaving texts from different social contexts, this thesis experiments possible ways of writing about and with the documentary image. The writing of this thesis, in this sense, is itself a contemplative performance and a demonstration of the suspensive operations.參考文獻 Akerman, C. (Director). (1975). Jeanne Dielman, 23 quai du commerce, 1080 Bruxelles. [Film]. Paradise Films; Unité Trois.Alex, R. K., & Deborah, S. (Eds.). (2016). Ecodocumentaries: Critical essay. Palgrave Macmillan.Arendt, H. (1998). The human condition (2nd ed.). University of Chicago Press.Barnouw, E. (1974). Documentary: A history of the non-fiction film. Oxford University Press.Bellour, R. (2012). Between-the-images. (A. Hardyck, Trans.). JRP Ringier. (Original work published 1990)Berlowitz, V., Gunton, M., Brickell, J., & Hugh-Jones, T. (Executive Producers). (2016). Planet earth II. [TV series]. British Broadcasting Corporation; Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen; Tencent; France Télévisions.Bollendorff, S., & Ségrétin, A. (Directors). (2008). Journey to the end of coal. [Film]. HonkyTonk Films.Bordwell, D. (1997). On the history of film style. Harvard University Press.Bousé, D. (1998). Are wildlife films really “nature documentaries”?. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 15(2), 116-140. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295039809367038Bousé, D. (2003). False intimacy: Close-ups and viewer involvement in wildlife films. Visual Studies, 18(2), 123-132. http://doi.org/10.1080/14725860310001631994Branston, G. (2007). The planet at the end of the world: “Event” cinema and the representability of climate change. New Review of Film and Television Studies, 5(2), 211-229, http://doi.org/10.1080/17400300701432936Bresson, R. (Director). (1966). Au hasard Balthazar. [Film]. Argos Films; Athos Films; Parc Film; Svensk Filmindustri; Svenska Filminstitutet.Bresson, R. (Director). (1977). The devil, probably [Le diable probablement]. [Film]. Gaumont; Sunchild Productions; G.M.F Productions; Artificial Eye; World Cinema Limited.Bresson, R., & Schrader, P. (1977). Robert Bresson, possibly. Film Comment, 13(5), 26-30. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43450897Bresson, R. (1986). Notes on the cinematography. (J. Griffin, trans.). New York Review Books.(Original work published 1975)Breves, P., & Heber, V. (2020). Into the wild: The effects of 360° immersive nature videos on feelings of commitment to the environment. Environmental Communication, 14(3), 332-346. http://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2019.1665566British Broadcasting Corporation. (2014, Wednesday 24). History of the NHU. http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2011/07_july/08/nhu.shtml#blq-navBruzzi, S. (2006). New documentary (2nd ed.). Routledge.Çağlayan, E. (2018). Poetics of slow cinema: Nostalgia, absurdism, boredom. Palgrave Macmillan.Cameron, J., Wilhelm, M., & Malone-Debenedictis, S. (Executive Producers). (2021). Secrets of the whale. [TV series]. Red Rock Films.Cardullo, B. (Eds.). (2009). The films of Robert Bresson: A casebook. Anthem Press.Chen, C. (2021). Revisiting the absurd: Posthuman affects in Samuel Beckett’s theatre. New Theatre Quarterly, 37(4), 323-337. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266464X21000269Chen, F. M. (2021). Taiwan xin wen xue shi [A history of modern Taiwanese literature]. Taiwan: Linking Publishing.Chiu, K. F. (2016). Kan jian Taiwan: Taiwan xin ji lu pian yan jiu [Regarding Taiwan: The new Taiwan documentary]. Taiwan: National Taiwan University Press.Chiu, K. F. (2017). Mapping Taiwanese ecodocumentary landscape: Politics of aesthetics and environmental ethics in Taiwanese ecodocumentaries. Journal of Chinese Cinemas, 11(1), 13-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/17508061.2016.1269485Ciment, M. (2003). The state of cinema [Address speech]. Forty-sixth San Francisco International Film Festival, San Francisco, CA, United States. http://web.archive.org/web/20040325130014/http://www.sfiff.org/fest03/special/state.htmlConrad, J. (1895). Almayer`s folly. R. Bentley Publishers.Conrad, J. (1899). Heart of darkness. Penguin Group.Conrad, J. (1900). Lord Jim. Bantam Books.Conrad, J. (1906). The mirror of the sea. Routledge/Thoemmes Press.Crary, J. (1999). Suspensions of perception: Attention, spectacle and modern culture. The MIT Press.de Luca, T., & Jorge, N. B. (Eds.). (2016). Slow cinema. Edinburgh University Press.Debord, G. (1994). The society of the spectacle (D. Nicholson-Smith, Trans.). Zone Books. (Original work published 1967)Deleuze, G., & Guattari, F. (1987). A thousand plateaus: Capitalism and schizophrenia. (B. Massumi, Trans.). University of Minnesota Press. (Original work published 1980)Deleuze, G. (1986). Cinema 1: The movement-image. (H. Tomlinson, B. Habberjam, Trans.). University of Minnesota Press. (Original work published 1983)Deleuze, G. (1989). Cinema 2: The time-image. (H. Tomlinson, B. Habberjam, Trans.). University of Minnesota Press. (Original work published 1985)Deleuze, G., & Guattari, F. (1994). What is philosophy? (H. Tomlinson, G. Burchell, Trans.). Columbia University Press. (Original work published 1991)Doherty, T. J., & Clayton, S. (2011). The psychological impacts of global climate change. American Psychologist, 66(4), 265–276. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023141Ehrlich, P., & Reed, J. (Directors). (2020). My octopus teacher. [Film]. Netflix.Emmerich, R. (Director). (2004). The day after tomorrow. [Film]. Centropolis Entertainment; Lions Gate Films; Mark Gordon Company.Fothergill, A. (Executive Producer). (2006). Planet earth. [TV series]. British Broadcasting Corporation.Fothergill, A. (Executive Producer). (2011). Frozen planet. [TV series]. British Broadcasting Corporation; Discovery Channel; The Open University.Fothergill, A., Scholey, K., & Butfield, C. (Executive Producers). (2019). Our planet. [TV series]. Silverback Films; Netflix; World Wildlife Fund.Fothergill, A., Hughes, J., & Scholey, K. (Directors). (2020). David Attenborough: A life on our planet. [Film]. Altitude Film Entertainment; Netflix; Silverback Films.Fothergill, A. (Executive Producer). (2021). A perfect planet. [TV series]. Silverback Films.Foucault, M. (1988). Technologies of the self. In L. H. Martin, H. Gutman & P. H. Hutton (Eds.), Technologies of the self: A seminar with Michel Foucault (pp. 16-49).Franken, M., & Joris, I. (Directors). (1929). Rain. [Film]. Capi-Holland.Guggenheim, D. (Director). (2006). An inconvenient truth. [Film]. Paramount Vantage.Gunton, M. (Executive Producer). (2014). Hidden kingdoms. [TV series]. British Broadcasting Corporation; Discovery Channel; RTL Group; France Télévisions; CCTV9; RTI Spa.Gunton, M. (Executive Producer). (2018). Dynasties. [TV series]. British Broadcasting Corporation; Tencent Penguin Pictures; France Télévisions; CCTV9.Honeyborne, J., & Brownlow, M. (Executive Producers). (2017). Blue planet II. [TV series]. British Broadcasting Corporation; The Open University; Westdeutscher Rundfunk; Tencent; France Télévisions; CCTV9.Holmes, M., Hugh-Jones, T., & Wilcox, R. (Executive Producers). (2020). Night on earth. [TV series]. Plimsoll Productions.Horak, J. C. (2006). Wildlife documentaries: From classical forms to reality TV. Film History: An International Journal, 18(4), 459-475. http://doi.org/10.1353/fih.2007.0000Hsiao, H. H. (1999). Environmental movements in Taiwan. In Y. F. Lee & A. Y. So (Eds.), Asia’s Environmental Movements: Comparative Perspective. M. E. Sharpe, Inc.Hu, M. Q. (2016, January 5). Ceng jing you hai, hai wu xu ming ming [Once upon a time there’s ocean, there’s no need to name ocean]. The Reporter. https://www.twreporter.org/a/opinion-sea-documentaryHuang, C. C. (Director). (2020). Nan ren he ta de hai [Whale island]. [Film]. O-Turn Films.Huang, H. Y. (Director). (2009). Dai shui yun [Nimbus]. [Film]. South Taiwan Film Association.Huang, H. Y. (Director). (2010). Shen mei zhi dao [Taivalu]. [Film]. Sunrise Audio-video Farm Studio.Huang, H. Y. (Director). (2015). Yun zhi guo [Cloud nation]. [Film]. Taiwan Public Television Service Foundation.James, N. (2010). Passive aggressive. Sight & Sound, 20(4), 5.Jones, J. P. G., Thomas-Walters, L., Rust, N. A., & Veríssimo, D. (2019). Nature documentaries and saving nature: Reflections on the new Netflix series Our Planet. People and Nature, 1(4), 420-425. https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10052Ke, C. Y. (Director). (2004). Ji yi shan hu [Corals in memory]. [Film]. Taiwan Public Television Service Foundation.Ke, C. Y. (Director). (2010). Bai dang [Swing]. [Film]. Taiwan Public Television Service Foundation.Ke, C. Y. (Director). (2010). Fu er mo sha dui fu er mo sha [Formosa and Formosa]. [Film]. Taiwan Public Television Service Foundation.Ke, C. Y. (Director). (2011). Tui chao [Ebb and flow]. [Film]. Taiwan Public Television Service Foundation.Ke, C. Y. (Director). (2011). Tui chao zhi hai an qun xiang [Faces by intertidal]. [Film]. Taiwan Public Television Service Foundation.Ke, C. Y. (Director). (2016). Hai [Ocean]. [Film]. Taiwan Public Television Service Foundation.Ke, C. Y., Lu, M. H., Li, Y. X., & Shih, H. (2016, April 30). Ke Chin-yuan’s Ocean: Before the vast sea, human languages are meaningless. Taiwan Docs. https://docs.tfi.org.tw/en/news/5583Ke, C. Y. (2017). Qian jin [The age of awakening]. [Film]. Taiwan Public Television Service Foundation.Ke, C. Y. (2018). Wo men de dao: Taiwan san shi nian huan jing bian qian quan ji lu [Our island: The full record of Taiwan’s environmental changes in 30 years]. Taiwan: Acropolis.Ke, C. Y. (2019). (Director). Shen dian [Sacred forest]. [Film]. Taiwan Public Television Service Foundation.Ke, C. Y. (2021). (Director). Ping’an gui [May the sea turtles be with you…always]. [Film]. Taiwan Public Television Service Foundation.Ke, C. Y. (n.d.). Special column on Ke Chin-yuan’s work collections. Taiwan Public Television Service. Retrieved October 5, 2021, from http://52.198.142.118/?lang=enKenworthy, N., Wright, R., Sharpsteen, B., & Algar, J. (Directors). (1948–60). True-life adventures. [Film series]. Walt Disney Productions.Kois, D. (2011, April 29). Eating your cultural vegetables. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/01/magazine/mag-01Riff-t.htmlKiarostami, A. (Director). (2003). Five dedicated to Ozu. [Film]. Behnegar; NHK; MK2 Productions.Kittler, F. (2010). Optical media: Berlin lectures 1999 (A. Enns, Trans.). Polity Press. (Original work published 2002)Kossakovsky, V. (Director). (2020). Gunda. [Film]. Louverture Films; Sant & Usant; Norwegian Film Institute; Storyline; Fritt Ord; Artemis Rising Foundation.Kossakovsky, V., & Bradshaw, N. (2021, June 2). “In a way it’s my apology to animals”: Victor Kossakovsky on his pig family portrait Gunda. Sight & Sound. https://www.bfi.org.uk/sight-and-sound/interviews/victor-kossakovsky-interviewed-gundaLi, H. T. (2016, April). Chen qian ji shi hai [Thirty years in the making —Ke Chin-yuan’s ocean]. Taiwan Panorama. http://www.taiwan-panorama.com.tw/zh/Articles/Details?Guid=682b478e-5a7c-4971-a86f-e8f769be4070Liao, H. C. (1996). Tao hai ren [The seaman]. Taiwan: Morning Star Publisher Inc.Liao, H. C. (1998). Piao liu jian yu [Drifting prison]. Taiwan: Morning Star Publisher Inc.Liao, H. C. (2012). Hui dao yan hai [Back to the coast]. Taiwan: UNITAS Publishing Co.Liao, H. C. (2022). Zui hou de hai shang lie ren [The last seaman hunters]. Taiwan: Linking Publishing Company.Lin, H. J. (2015, December 26). Shi yi ji jian Ke Chin-yuan 30 nian ji lu hai [Poetic minimalist, Ke Chin-yuan’s thirty years of documenting Ocean]. News&Market. https://www.newsmarket.com.tw/blog/80603/Macdonald, S. (2004). Toward an eco-cinema. Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment, 11(2), 107-132. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44086296Melville, H. (1950). Moby-Dick. E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc.McKnight, D. M. (2010). Overcoming “ecophobia”: Fostering environmental empathy through narrative in children’s science literature. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 8(6), 283-336. http://doi.org/10.1890/100041Mills, B. (2010). Television wildlife documentaries and animals’ right to privacy. Journal of Media & Cultural Studies, 24(2), 193-202. https://doi.org/10.1080/10304310903362726Mossner, A. (2018). Engaging animals in wildlife documentaries: From anthropomorphism to trans-species empathy. In C. Brylla & M. Kramer (Eds.), Cognitive Theory and Documentary Film (pp. 163-179). Palgrave Macmillan.Nichols, B. (2001). Introduction to documentary. Indiana University Press.O’Neill, S., & Nicholson-Cole, S. (2009). “Fear won’t do it” promoting positive engagement with climate change through visual and iconic representations. Science Communication, 30(3), 355-379. https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547008329201Paravel, V., & Castaing-Taylor, L. (Directors). (2012). Leviathan. [Film]. Arrête ton Cinéma.Rancière, J. (2004). The politics of aesthetics (G. Rockhill, Trans.). Continuum. (Original work published 2000)Rancière, J. (2006). Film fables (E. Battista, Trans.). Bloomsbury Academic. (Original work published 2001)Rancière, J. (2007). The future of the image (G. Elliot, Trans.). Verso. (Original work published 2003)Rancière, J. (2009). Aesthetics and its discontents (S. Corcoran, Trans.). Polity Press. (Original work published 2004)Rancière, J. (2009). The emancipated spectator (G. Elliot, Trans.). Verso. (Original work published 2008)Rancière, J. (2012). Proletarian nights: The worker’s dream in Nineteenth-Century France (J. Drury, Trans.). Verso. (Original work published 1981)Rancière, J. (2013). Béla Tarr: The time after (E. Beranek, Trans.). Univocal Publishing. (Original work published 2011)Rancière, J. (2014). The intervals of cinema (J. Howe, Trans.). Verso. (Original work published 2011)Rancière, J. (2016). The method of equality (J. Rose, Trans.). Polity Press. (Original work published 2012)Rancière, J. (2020). The edges of fiction (S. Corcoran, Trans.). Polity Press. (Original work published 2017)Reggio, G. (Director). (1983–2002). The Qatsi trilogy. [Film series]. American Zoetrope; IRE Productions; Santa Fe Institute for Regional Education; Golan-Globus Productions; NorthSouth; Qatsi Productions.Richards, M. (2013). Global nature, global brand: BBC earth and David Attenborough`s landmark wildlife series. Media International Australia, 146(1), 143-154. https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878X1314600118Richards, M. (2014). The wildlife docusoap: A new ethical practice for wildlife documentary?. Television & New Media, 15(4), 321-335. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527476412465656Rizov, V. (2021). Eugène Atget and documentary photography of the city. Theory, Culture & Society, 38(3), 141-163. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276420942804Rosch, E., Thompson, E., & Varela, F. (2016). The embodied mind: Cognitive science and human experience (Revised ed.). The MIT Press.Rust, S., & Monani, S. (Eds.). (2013). Ecocinema theory and practice. Routledge.Ruttmann, W. (Director). (1927). Berlin: Symphony of a great city. Les Productions Fox Europa; Deutsche Vereins-Film.Scholey, K., & Hellier, R. (Executive Producers). (1996). Big cat diary. [TV series]. British Broadcasting Corporation.Selheim, M. (2013). Towards a political economy of ecodocumentary. Interactions: Studies in Communication & Culture, 4(2), 129-146. https://doi.org/10.1386/iscc.4.2.129_1Sontag, S. (1996, Feburary). The decay of cinema. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/25/magazine/the-decay-of-cinema.htmlSontag, S. (1990). Against interpretation and other essays. Anchor Books.Sperb, J. (2016). From nihilism to nostalgia: Blackfish and the contradictions of the nature documentary. Journal of Popular Film and Television, 44(4), 206-219. https://doi.org./10.1080/01956051.2016.1161587Syaman, R. (1997). Leng hai qing shen [Cold sea and deep feelings]. Taiwan: UNITAS Publishing Co.Syaman, R. (2015). An luo mi en zhi si [The death of Ngalumirem]. Taiwan: INK Literary Monthly Publishing Co., Ltd.Syaman, R. (2021). Wo yuan shi na pian hai yang de yu lin [Wish I were the fish scale of that ocean]. Taiwan: INK Literary Monthly Publishing Co., Ltd.Tabrizi, A. (Director). (2021). Seaspiracy. [Film]. A.U.M. Films; Disrupt StudiosTaiwan Public Television Service. (2016, Jan 1). Viewpoint: Ocean. https://www.pts.org.tw/ocean_e/about.htmlTaiwan Public Television Service. (n.d.). Introduction to programme: Viewpoint. Retrieved June 15, 2022, from https://viewpoint.pts.org.tw/Tarr, B. (Director). (1994). Sátántangó. [Film]. Mozgókép Innovációs Társulás és Alapítvány; Von Vietinghoff Filmproduktion; Vega Film; Magyar Televízió; Télévision Suisse-Romande.Tuttle, H. (2010, March 17). Slower or contemplative?. Unspoken Cinema. https://unspokencinema.blogspot.com/2010/03/slower-or-contemplative.htmlUnger, M. A. (2017). Castaing-Taylor and Paravel’s GoPro sensorium: Leviathan, experimental documentary, and subjective sounds. Journal of Film and Video, 69(3), 3-18. https://doi.org/10.5406/jfilmvideo.69.3.0003Vertov, D. (Director). (1929). Man with a movie camera. [Film]. Vseukrainske Foto Kino Upravlinnia.Watts, J. (2018, November 4). David Attenborough: Too much alarmism on environment a turn-off. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/nov/04/attenborough-dynasties-ecological-campaignWheatley, H. (2004). The limits of television?: Natural history programming and the transformation of public service broadcasting. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 7(3), 325-339. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367549404044786Woolf, V. (1927). To the lighthouse. Quality Paperback Book ClubWoolf, V. (1931). The waves. Vintage.Williamson, A. (Executive Producer). (2020–2021). Earth at night in color. [TV series]. Offspring Films.Wu, C. C. (2016, January 1). 20 nian hai yang shi guang zhi lv Ke Chin-yuan zui xin wu sheng jiao xiang shi [20 years of oceanic voyage, Ke Chin-yuan’s latest silent symphonic poem]. Environmental Information Center. https://e-info.org.tw/node/112564Wu, M. Y. (2011). Fu yan ren [The man with the compound eyes]. Taiwan: ThinKingDom.Yu, P. (2016). Zones of indeterminacy: Art, body and politics in Daoist thought. Theory, Culture & Society, 33(1), 93-114. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276414559607Zhao, T. Y. (Director). (2015). Wa yu shi de ren [Jade miners]. [Film]. Seashore Image Productions Co., Ltd.Zhao, T. Y. (Director). (2016). Fei cui zhi cheng [City of jade]. [Film]. Seashore Image Productions Co., Ltd.; Taiwan Public Television Service Foundation. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)
108461023資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108461023 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 林玲遠 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Lin, Ling-Yuan en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 胡超 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Hu, Chao en_US dc.creator (作者) 胡超 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Hu, Chao en_US dc.date (日期) 2022 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Aug-2022 18:17:31 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Aug-2022 18:17:31 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Aug-2022 18:17:31 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0108461023 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/141203 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 108461023 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究是對自然類紀錄片中的各類可見性之體制和影像在其中的運作模式的觀察。本文爬梳並反思了不同文化脈絡下有關沉思的理念與實踐,特別是沉思這一概念在電影影像實踐中的一些特定表現,如生態電影和慢電影在其風格選擇上的考量。本研究從洪席耶的「影像-句」概念出發,探索並示範了一種沉思風格,意圖尋找、想像和喚起人類社會與自然世界的不同連結和關係的可能性,以及影像在其間所扮演的角色。這一沉思風格特指影像的一種懸置運作,一種間斷與連續之間的懸置互動,是對不同的製作方式、存有模式與可見形式的探尋與實踐。沉思風格的安排方式重視異質元素的共存狀態。本文以由柯金源導演、台灣公共電視台在2016年製作發行的紀錄片作品《海》為例,展開論述這一沉思風格與懸置運作的具體表現形式。本研究認為《海》呈現了紀錄片實踐的不同樣貌與可能性,影片的非人類中心的出發點不僅體現在其主題的選擇與表達,更是關於藝術家意志與自然影像之間的互動關係的重構。通過編織來自海洋場域和不同社會脈絡的文學和影像文本,本文實驗了一種影像書寫與分析方式,這一書寫本身即可被視為是沉思風格與懸置運作的一次展演。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) This thesis looks into different regimes of visibility and operations of image in nature documentaries. It reflects on the conception and practices of contemplation in different cultural contexts, and its link with certain cinematic practices, such as ecocinema and slow cinema’s stylistic choices. Drawing on Jacques Rancière’s concept of the sentence-image, this research explores and demonstrates what I call a contemplative style, in search for the possibility of contemplation that envisions and evokes a form of relationship with the natural world, and the role of image through its operations in constituting the possibility of this relationship. The contemplative style suggests a form of suspensive operation of the image, which offers to enact alternative ways of doing and making, modes of being and forms of visibility. This contemplative arrangement emphasizes the co-presence of heterogeneous elements. It carves out the potentialities and power of the interval, engaged in a suspensive interaction with the power of continuity. This is further illustrated in a close study of Ke Chin-yuan’s Ocean, a documentary project produced in 2016 by Taiwan’s Public Television Service. This thesis argues that Ocean challenges a convention of documentary practices, and marks a different turn to the nonhuman in the history of Taiwan’s ecodocumentary. This turn is understood from its refashioning of the interaction between the artistic will and the natural image. This thesis also looks into Taiwan’s nature writing and ocean literature in view of a shared social backdrop, and the languages and textures cultivated by the oceanic milieu. Interweaving texts from different social contexts, this thesis experiments possible ways of writing about and with the documentary image. The writing of this thesis, in this sense, is itself a contemplative performance and a demonstration of the suspensive operations. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents Acknowledgement iAbstract ii摘要 iiiTable of Contents iv1. Introduction 12. Literature Review 52.1 Nature Documentary and Its Discontents 52.2 The Techniques of Contemplation 102.3 Variations of Cinematic Contemplation 153. Contemplative Style In Ocean 193.1 “New Documentary” in Taiwan 193.2 Ocean: Images in Suspension 223.2.1 The Ship and the Shore 243.2.2 The Intertidal Zone 283.2.3 A Realm Without Doors 333.2.4 Between the Images 374. Conclusion 42References 47 zh_TW dc.format.extent 543118 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108461023 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 自然紀錄片 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 懸置 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 海洋 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 影像 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 書寫 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 洪席耶 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 沉思 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) nature documentary en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) contemplation en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) suspension en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) image en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) ocean en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) writing en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Jacques Rancière en_US dc.title (題名) 懸置的影像:自然類紀錄片中的沉思風格——以《海》為例 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Suspensive Image: Contemplative Style in Ocean and other Nature Documentaries en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Akerman, C. (Director). (1975). Jeanne Dielman, 23 quai du commerce, 1080 Bruxelles. [Film]. Paradise Films; Unité Trois.Alex, R. K., & Deborah, S. (Eds.). (2016). Ecodocumentaries: Critical essay. Palgrave Macmillan.Arendt, H. (1998). The human condition (2nd ed.). University of Chicago Press.Barnouw, E. (1974). Documentary: A history of the non-fiction film. Oxford University Press.Bellour, R. (2012). Between-the-images. (A. Hardyck, Trans.). JRP Ringier. (Original work published 1990)Berlowitz, V., Gunton, M., Brickell, J., & Hugh-Jones, T. (Executive Producers). (2016). Planet earth II. [TV series]. British Broadcasting Corporation; Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen; Tencent; France Télévisions.Bollendorff, S., & Ségrétin, A. (Directors). (2008). Journey to the end of coal. [Film]. HonkyTonk Films.Bordwell, D. (1997). On the history of film style. Harvard University Press.Bousé, D. (1998). Are wildlife films really “nature documentaries”?. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 15(2), 116-140. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295039809367038Bousé, D. (2003). False intimacy: Close-ups and viewer involvement in wildlife films. Visual Studies, 18(2), 123-132. http://doi.org/10.1080/14725860310001631994Branston, G. (2007). The planet at the end of the world: “Event” cinema and the representability of climate change. New Review of Film and Television Studies, 5(2), 211-229, http://doi.org/10.1080/17400300701432936Bresson, R. (Director). (1966). Au hasard Balthazar. [Film]. Argos Films; Athos Films; Parc Film; Svensk Filmindustri; Svenska Filminstitutet.Bresson, R. (Director). (1977). The devil, probably [Le diable probablement]. [Film]. Gaumont; Sunchild Productions; G.M.F Productions; Artificial Eye; World Cinema Limited.Bresson, R., & Schrader, P. (1977). Robert Bresson, possibly. Film Comment, 13(5), 26-30. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43450897Bresson, R. (1986). Notes on the cinematography. (J. Griffin, trans.). New York Review Books.(Original work published 1975)Breves, P., & Heber, V. (2020). Into the wild: The effects of 360° immersive nature videos on feelings of commitment to the environment. Environmental Communication, 14(3), 332-346. http://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2019.1665566British Broadcasting Corporation. (2014, Wednesday 24). History of the NHU. http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2011/07_july/08/nhu.shtml#blq-navBruzzi, S. (2006). New documentary (2nd ed.). Routledge.Çağlayan, E. (2018). Poetics of slow cinema: Nostalgia, absurdism, boredom. Palgrave Macmillan.Cameron, J., Wilhelm, M., & Malone-Debenedictis, S. (Executive Producers). (2021). Secrets of the whale. [TV series]. Red Rock Films.Cardullo, B. (Eds.). (2009). The films of Robert Bresson: A casebook. Anthem Press.Chen, C. (2021). Revisiting the absurd: Posthuman affects in Samuel Beckett’s theatre. New Theatre Quarterly, 37(4), 323-337. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266464X21000269Chen, F. M. (2021). Taiwan xin wen xue shi [A history of modern Taiwanese literature]. Taiwan: Linking Publishing.Chiu, K. F. (2016). Kan jian Taiwan: Taiwan xin ji lu pian yan jiu [Regarding Taiwan: The new Taiwan documentary]. Taiwan: National Taiwan University Press.Chiu, K. F. (2017). Mapping Taiwanese ecodocumentary landscape: Politics of aesthetics and environmental ethics in Taiwanese ecodocumentaries. Journal of Chinese Cinemas, 11(1), 13-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/17508061.2016.1269485Ciment, M. (2003). The state of cinema [Address speech]. Forty-sixth San Francisco International Film Festival, San Francisco, CA, United States. http://web.archive.org/web/20040325130014/http://www.sfiff.org/fest03/special/state.htmlConrad, J. (1895). Almayer`s folly. R. Bentley Publishers.Conrad, J. (1899). Heart of darkness. Penguin Group.Conrad, J. (1900). Lord Jim. Bantam Books.Conrad, J. (1906). The mirror of the sea. Routledge/Thoemmes Press.Crary, J. (1999). Suspensions of perception: Attention, spectacle and modern culture. The MIT Press.de Luca, T., & Jorge, N. B. (Eds.). (2016). Slow cinema. Edinburgh University Press.Debord, G. (1994). The society of the spectacle (D. Nicholson-Smith, Trans.). Zone Books. (Original work published 1967)Deleuze, G., & Guattari, F. (1987). A thousand plateaus: Capitalism and schizophrenia. (B. Massumi, Trans.). University of Minnesota Press. (Original work published 1980)Deleuze, G. (1986). Cinema 1: The movement-image. (H. Tomlinson, B. Habberjam, Trans.). University of Minnesota Press. (Original work published 1983)Deleuze, G. (1989). Cinema 2: The time-image. (H. Tomlinson, B. Habberjam, Trans.). University of Minnesota Press. (Original work published 1985)Deleuze, G., & Guattari, F. (1994). What is philosophy? (H. Tomlinson, G. Burchell, Trans.). Columbia University Press. (Original work published 1991)Doherty, T. J., & Clayton, S. (2011). The psychological impacts of global climate change. American Psychologist, 66(4), 265–276. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023141Ehrlich, P., & Reed, J. (Directors). (2020). My octopus teacher. [Film]. Netflix.Emmerich, R. (Director). (2004). The day after tomorrow. [Film]. Centropolis Entertainment; Lions Gate Films; Mark Gordon Company.Fothergill, A. (Executive Producer). (2006). Planet earth. [TV series]. British Broadcasting Corporation.Fothergill, A. (Executive Producer). (2011). Frozen planet. [TV series]. British Broadcasting Corporation; Discovery Channel; The Open University.Fothergill, A., Scholey, K., & Butfield, C. (Executive Producers). (2019). Our planet. [TV series]. Silverback Films; Netflix; World Wildlife Fund.Fothergill, A., Hughes, J., & Scholey, K. (Directors). (2020). David Attenborough: A life on our planet. [Film]. Altitude Film Entertainment; Netflix; Silverback Films.Fothergill, A. (Executive Producer). (2021). A perfect planet. [TV series]. Silverback Films.Foucault, M. (1988). Technologies of the self. In L. H. Martin, H. Gutman & P. H. Hutton (Eds.), Technologies of the self: A seminar with Michel Foucault (pp. 16-49).Franken, M., & Joris, I. (Directors). (1929). Rain. [Film]. Capi-Holland.Guggenheim, D. (Director). (2006). An inconvenient truth. [Film]. Paramount Vantage.Gunton, M. (Executive Producer). (2014). Hidden kingdoms. [TV series]. British Broadcasting Corporation; Discovery Channel; RTL Group; France Télévisions; CCTV9; RTI Spa.Gunton, M. (Executive Producer). (2018). Dynasties. [TV series]. British Broadcasting Corporation; Tencent Penguin Pictures; France Télévisions; CCTV9.Honeyborne, J., & Brownlow, M. (Executive Producers). (2017). Blue planet II. [TV series]. British Broadcasting Corporation; The Open University; Westdeutscher Rundfunk; Tencent; France Télévisions; CCTV9.Holmes, M., Hugh-Jones, T., & Wilcox, R. (Executive Producers). (2020). Night on earth. [TV series]. Plimsoll Productions.Horak, J. C. (2006). Wildlife documentaries: From classical forms to reality TV. Film History: An International Journal, 18(4), 459-475. http://doi.org/10.1353/fih.2007.0000Hsiao, H. H. (1999). Environmental movements in Taiwan. In Y. F. Lee & A. Y. So (Eds.), Asia’s Environmental Movements: Comparative Perspective. M. E. Sharpe, Inc.Hu, M. Q. (2016, January 5). Ceng jing you hai, hai wu xu ming ming [Once upon a time there’s ocean, there’s no need to name ocean]. The Reporter. https://www.twreporter.org/a/opinion-sea-documentaryHuang, C. C. (Director). (2020). Nan ren he ta de hai [Whale island]. [Film]. O-Turn Films.Huang, H. Y. (Director). (2009). Dai shui yun [Nimbus]. [Film]. South Taiwan Film Association.Huang, H. Y. (Director). (2010). Shen mei zhi dao [Taivalu]. [Film]. Sunrise Audio-video Farm Studio.Huang, H. Y. (Director). (2015). Yun zhi guo [Cloud nation]. [Film]. Taiwan Public Television Service Foundation.James, N. (2010). Passive aggressive. Sight & Sound, 20(4), 5.Jones, J. P. G., Thomas-Walters, L., Rust, N. A., & Veríssimo, D. (2019). Nature documentaries and saving nature: Reflections on the new Netflix series Our Planet. People and Nature, 1(4), 420-425. https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10052Ke, C. Y. (Director). (2004). Ji yi shan hu [Corals in memory]. [Film]. Taiwan Public Television Service Foundation.Ke, C. Y. (Director). (2010). Bai dang [Swing]. [Film]. Taiwan Public Television Service Foundation.Ke, C. Y. (Director). (2010). Fu er mo sha dui fu er mo sha [Formosa and Formosa]. [Film]. Taiwan Public Television Service Foundation.Ke, C. Y. (Director). (2011). Tui chao [Ebb and flow]. [Film]. Taiwan Public Television Service Foundation.Ke, C. Y. (Director). (2011). Tui chao zhi hai an qun xiang [Faces by intertidal]. [Film]. Taiwan Public Television Service Foundation.Ke, C. Y. (Director). (2016). Hai [Ocean]. [Film]. Taiwan Public Television Service Foundation.Ke, C. Y., Lu, M. H., Li, Y. X., & Shih, H. (2016, April 30). Ke Chin-yuan’s Ocean: Before the vast sea, human languages are meaningless. Taiwan Docs. https://docs.tfi.org.tw/en/news/5583Ke, C. Y. (2017). Qian jin [The age of awakening]. [Film]. Taiwan Public Television Service Foundation.Ke, C. Y. (2018). Wo men de dao: Taiwan san shi nian huan jing bian qian quan ji lu [Our island: The full record of Taiwan’s environmental changes in 30 years]. Taiwan: Acropolis.Ke, C. Y. (2019). (Director). Shen dian [Sacred forest]. [Film]. Taiwan Public Television Service Foundation.Ke, C. Y. (2021). (Director). Ping’an gui [May the sea turtles be with you…always]. [Film]. Taiwan Public Television Service Foundation.Ke, C. Y. (n.d.). Special column on Ke Chin-yuan’s work collections. Taiwan Public Television Service. Retrieved October 5, 2021, from http://52.198.142.118/?lang=enKenworthy, N., Wright, R., Sharpsteen, B., & Algar, J. (Directors). (1948–60). True-life adventures. [Film series]. Walt Disney Productions.Kois, D. (2011, April 29). Eating your cultural vegetables. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/01/magazine/mag-01Riff-t.htmlKiarostami, A. (Director). (2003). Five dedicated to Ozu. [Film]. Behnegar; NHK; MK2 Productions.Kittler, F. (2010). Optical media: Berlin lectures 1999 (A. Enns, Trans.). Polity Press. (Original work published 2002)Kossakovsky, V. (Director). (2020). Gunda. [Film]. Louverture Films; Sant & Usant; Norwegian Film Institute; Storyline; Fritt Ord; Artemis Rising Foundation.Kossakovsky, V., & Bradshaw, N. (2021, June 2). “In a way it’s my apology to animals”: Victor Kossakovsky on his pig family portrait Gunda. Sight & Sound. https://www.bfi.org.uk/sight-and-sound/interviews/victor-kossakovsky-interviewed-gundaLi, H. T. (2016, April). Chen qian ji shi hai [Thirty years in the making —Ke Chin-yuan’s ocean]. Taiwan Panorama. http://www.taiwan-panorama.com.tw/zh/Articles/Details?Guid=682b478e-5a7c-4971-a86f-e8f769be4070Liao, H. C. (1996). Tao hai ren [The seaman]. Taiwan: Morning Star Publisher Inc.Liao, H. C. (1998). Piao liu jian yu [Drifting prison]. Taiwan: Morning Star Publisher Inc.Liao, H. C. (2012). Hui dao yan hai [Back to the coast]. Taiwan: UNITAS Publishing Co.Liao, H. C. (2022). Zui hou de hai shang lie ren [The last seaman hunters]. Taiwan: Linking Publishing Company.Lin, H. J. (2015, December 26). Shi yi ji jian Ke Chin-yuan 30 nian ji lu hai [Poetic minimalist, Ke Chin-yuan’s thirty years of documenting Ocean]. News&Market. https://www.newsmarket.com.tw/blog/80603/Macdonald, S. (2004). Toward an eco-cinema. Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment, 11(2), 107-132. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44086296Melville, H. (1950). Moby-Dick. E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc.McKnight, D. M. (2010). Overcoming “ecophobia”: Fostering environmental empathy through narrative in children’s science literature. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 8(6), 283-336. http://doi.org/10.1890/100041Mills, B. (2010). Television wildlife documentaries and animals’ right to privacy. Journal of Media & Cultural Studies, 24(2), 193-202. https://doi.org/10.1080/10304310903362726Mossner, A. (2018). Engaging animals in wildlife documentaries: From anthropomorphism to trans-species empathy. In C. Brylla & M. Kramer (Eds.), Cognitive Theory and Documentary Film (pp. 163-179). Palgrave Macmillan.Nichols, B. (2001). Introduction to documentary. Indiana University Press.O’Neill, S., & Nicholson-Cole, S. (2009). “Fear won’t do it” promoting positive engagement with climate change through visual and iconic representations. Science Communication, 30(3), 355-379. https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547008329201Paravel, V., & Castaing-Taylor, L. (Directors). (2012). Leviathan. [Film]. Arrête ton Cinéma.Rancière, J. (2004). The politics of aesthetics (G. Rockhill, Trans.). Continuum. (Original work published 2000)Rancière, J. (2006). Film fables (E. Battista, Trans.). Bloomsbury Academic. (Original work published 2001)Rancière, J. (2007). The future of the image (G. Elliot, Trans.). Verso. (Original work published 2003)Rancière, J. (2009). Aesthetics and its discontents (S. Corcoran, Trans.). Polity Press. (Original work published 2004)Rancière, J. (2009). The emancipated spectator (G. Elliot, Trans.). Verso. (Original work published 2008)Rancière, J. (2012). Proletarian nights: The worker’s dream in Nineteenth-Century France (J. Drury, Trans.). Verso. (Original work published 1981)Rancière, J. (2013). Béla Tarr: The time after (E. Beranek, Trans.). Univocal Publishing. (Original work published 2011)Rancière, J. (2014). The intervals of cinema (J. Howe, Trans.). Verso. (Original work published 2011)Rancière, J. (2016). The method of equality (J. Rose, Trans.). Polity Press. (Original work published 2012)Rancière, J. (2020). The edges of fiction (S. Corcoran, Trans.). Polity Press. (Original work published 2017)Reggio, G. (Director). (1983–2002). The Qatsi trilogy. [Film series]. American Zoetrope; IRE Productions; Santa Fe Institute for Regional Education; Golan-Globus Productions; NorthSouth; Qatsi Productions.Richards, M. (2013). Global nature, global brand: BBC earth and David Attenborough`s landmark wildlife series. Media International Australia, 146(1), 143-154. https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878X1314600118Richards, M. (2014). The wildlife docusoap: A new ethical practice for wildlife documentary?. Television & New Media, 15(4), 321-335. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527476412465656Rizov, V. (2021). Eugène Atget and documentary photography of the city. Theory, Culture & Society, 38(3), 141-163. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276420942804Rosch, E., Thompson, E., & Varela, F. (2016). The embodied mind: Cognitive science and human experience (Revised ed.). The MIT Press.Rust, S., & Monani, S. (Eds.). (2013). Ecocinema theory and practice. Routledge.Ruttmann, W. (Director). (1927). Berlin: Symphony of a great city. Les Productions Fox Europa; Deutsche Vereins-Film.Scholey, K., & Hellier, R. (Executive Producers). (1996). Big cat diary. [TV series]. British Broadcasting Corporation.Selheim, M. (2013). Towards a political economy of ecodocumentary. Interactions: Studies in Communication & Culture, 4(2), 129-146. https://doi.org/10.1386/iscc.4.2.129_1Sontag, S. (1996, Feburary). The decay of cinema. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/25/magazine/the-decay-of-cinema.htmlSontag, S. (1990). Against interpretation and other essays. Anchor Books.Sperb, J. (2016). From nihilism to nostalgia: Blackfish and the contradictions of the nature documentary. Journal of Popular Film and Television, 44(4), 206-219. https://doi.org./10.1080/01956051.2016.1161587Syaman, R. (1997). Leng hai qing shen [Cold sea and deep feelings]. Taiwan: UNITAS Publishing Co.Syaman, R. (2015). An luo mi en zhi si [The death of Ngalumirem]. Taiwan: INK Literary Monthly Publishing Co., Ltd.Syaman, R. (2021). Wo yuan shi na pian hai yang de yu lin [Wish I were the fish scale of that ocean]. Taiwan: INK Literary Monthly Publishing Co., Ltd.Tabrizi, A. (Director). (2021). Seaspiracy. [Film]. A.U.M. Films; Disrupt StudiosTaiwan Public Television Service. (2016, Jan 1). Viewpoint: Ocean. https://www.pts.org.tw/ocean_e/about.htmlTaiwan Public Television Service. (n.d.). Introduction to programme: Viewpoint. Retrieved June 15, 2022, from https://viewpoint.pts.org.tw/Tarr, B. (Director). (1994). Sátántangó. [Film]. Mozgókép Innovációs Társulás és Alapítvány; Von Vietinghoff Filmproduktion; Vega Film; Magyar Televízió; Télévision Suisse-Romande.Tuttle, H. (2010, March 17). Slower or contemplative?. Unspoken Cinema. https://unspokencinema.blogspot.com/2010/03/slower-or-contemplative.htmlUnger, M. A. (2017). Castaing-Taylor and Paravel’s GoPro sensorium: Leviathan, experimental documentary, and subjective sounds. Journal of Film and Video, 69(3), 3-18. https://doi.org/10.5406/jfilmvideo.69.3.0003Vertov, D. (Director). (1929). Man with a movie camera. [Film]. Vseukrainske Foto Kino Upravlinnia.Watts, J. (2018, November 4). David Attenborough: Too much alarmism on environment a turn-off. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/nov/04/attenborough-dynasties-ecological-campaignWheatley, H. (2004). The limits of television?: Natural history programming and the transformation of public service broadcasting. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 7(3), 325-339. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367549404044786Woolf, V. (1927). To the lighthouse. Quality Paperback Book ClubWoolf, V. (1931). The waves. Vintage.Williamson, A. (Executive Producer). (2020–2021). Earth at night in color. [TV series]. Offspring Films.Wu, C. C. (2016, January 1). 20 nian hai yang shi guang zhi lv Ke Chin-yuan zui xin wu sheng jiao xiang shi [20 years of oceanic voyage, Ke Chin-yuan’s latest silent symphonic poem]. Environmental Information Center. https://e-info.org.tw/node/112564Wu, M. Y. (2011). Fu yan ren [The man with the compound eyes]. Taiwan: ThinKingDom.Yu, P. (2016). Zones of indeterminacy: Art, body and politics in Daoist thought. Theory, Culture & Society, 33(1), 93-114. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276414559607Zhao, T. Y. (Director). (2015). Wa yu shi de ren [Jade miners]. [Film]. Seashore Image Productions Co., Ltd.Zhao, T. Y. (Director). (2016). Fei cui zhi cheng [City of jade]. [Film]. Seashore Image Productions Co., Ltd.; Taiwan Public Television Service Foundation. zh_TW dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202200844 en_US