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題名 我國金融消費者保護監理制度之反思──以美國金融消費者保護局為參考
The Reflection of Regulatory System of Taiwan’s Consumer Financial Protection－Center on U.S. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
作者 蕭旻綺
Hsiao, Min-Chi
貢獻者 陳俊元
Chen, Chun-Yuan
蕭旻綺
Hsiao, Min-Chi
關鍵詞 金融消費者保護局
監管俘獲
安全與穩健
監管套利
金融教育
公開揭露
金融消費者保護
公平待客
高齡金融
數據驅動
日期 2022
上傳時間 2-Sep-2022 14:50:45 (UTC+8)
摘要 過往因金融消費爭議屢次發生，而有立法委員認為為保障金融消費者之權益，建議建立金融消費者保護局。而金融消費者保護局乃美國之特有制度，在2008年金融海嘯後，美國國會建立單一且獨立之金融消費者保護局，期望透過該局之組織設計與權力賦予、強化其獨立性，避免政治、產業上各壓力影響其專業決斷，能一致地執行聯邦金融消費者法，以確保所有消費者都能進入金融消費者產品和服務市場，並確保金融消費者產品和服務市場的公平、透明及競爭力。總體而言，就美國金融消費者保護局設立後，該局確實為金融消費者提供更好的金融市場與消費環境，然而這期間美國金融消費者保護局也確實面臨許多來自立法、司法與行政方面的挑戰。金融消費者保護的前景，未必全然樂觀。
故本文期望藉由美國金融消費者保護局之建置，反思、比較我國目前金融消費者保護之監理制度，並藉此發現我國有關金融消費者保護相關政策之不足，僅由金融消費者督導會報進行決策，且決策過程如同黑箱作業，未進行相關資訊之公開揭露。而主要的二部法規過於侷限，加之由於目前之主管機關——金管會皆由政務官擔任，而不需具備相關專業知識，容易受到來自政黨與選民之壓力。不僅如此金管會組織法明確其設立目的在於維持金融穩定及促進金融市場發展，然而維持金融穩定並不等於金融消費者權益之保障，此係二絕不相同的監理目的，觀諸國際趨勢與歷史發展，通常金融機構之安全與穩健比金融消費者保護更加重要，但對消費者保護的意識和行動，則越來越有力，如美國金融消費者保護局之建置即為明證。
基於上述等原因，本文認為我國確實欠缺一獨立之金融消費者保護局，並建議應採納幾個美國金融消費者保護局之核心精神，包含單一首長制、獨立之資金來源、專業知識與金融教育之強調以成為一個以數據驅動之獨立金融消費者保護機構。由於消費者保護是我們金融系統的一個重要基礎，建置一個金融消費者權益受到重視之金融市場會使公眾相信金融市場是公平的，並使政策制定者和監管者能夠保持監管的穩定性，而穩定的監管反過來又能促進長期的增長、效率和創新。
參考文獻 一、 英文文獻
書籍
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期刊
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政府文書
CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU, CHARTER OF THE CONSUMER BUREAU’S ADVISORY BOARD (20210, https://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/documents/cfpb_cab_charter_2021-04.pdf.
CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU, DISCLOSURE OF CONSUMER COMPLAINT NARRATIVE DATA (2012), https://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/documents/201303_cfpb_Final-Policy-Statement-Disclosure-of-Consumer-Complaint-Data.pdf.
CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU, FAIR LENDING REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION (2021), https://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/documents/cfpb_2020-fair-lending_report_2021-04.pdf.
CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU, OFFICE OF SERVICEMEMBER AFFAIRS ANNUAL REPORT (2021), https://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/documents/cfpb_osa-annual-report-2020.pdf.
CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU, THE IMPACT OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CONSUMER- AND CREDITOR-PURCHASED CREDIT SCORES REPORT TO CONGRESS (2011), https://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/2011/07/Report_20110719_CreditScores.pdf.
Legislative Proposals to Improve the Structure of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau: Hearing Before the Subcomm. on Fin. Inst. and Consumer Credit of the H. Comm. on Fin. Servs., 112th Cong. 9 (2011).
ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT, THE GOVERNANCE OF REGULATORS GOVERNANCE OF REGULATOR’S PRACTICES: ACCOUNTABILITY, TRANSPARENCY AND CO-ORDINATION (2016), https://www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/governance-of-regulators-practices-9789264255388-en.htm
Protecting the Public Interest: Understanding the Threat of Agency Capture: Hearing Before the Subcomm. on Admin. Oversight and the Courts of the S. Committee on the Judiciary, 111th Cong. 20-21 (2010).
REPORT OF ANTON R. VALUKAS, EXAMINER, VOL. 1 AT 12-13, IN RE LEHMAN BROS. HOLDINGS INC., NO. 08-13555 (2010), https://web.stanford.edu/~jbulow/Lehmandocs/menu.html.
THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM, THE FED EXPLAINED WHAT THE CENTRAL BANK DOSE (2021), https://www.federalreserve.gov/aboutthefed/files/the-fed-explained.pdf.
U.S. DEP’T OF THE TREASURY, FINANCIAL REGULATION REFORM A NEW FOUNDATION: REBUILDING FINANCIAL SUPERVISION AND REGULATION (2009), https://www.treasury.gov/initiatives/wsr/Documents/FinalReport_web.pdf.
U.S. GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE, A FRAMEWORK FOR CRAFTING AND ASSESSING PROPOSALS TO MODERNIZE THE OUTDATED U.S. FINANCIAL REGULATORY SYSTEM, STATEMENT OF GENE L. DODARO, COMPTROLLER GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES (2009), https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-09-314t.pdf.
U.S. GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE, FINANCIAL REGULATION: COMPLEX AND FRAGMENTED STRUCTURE COULD BE STREAMLINED TO IMPROVE EFFECTIVENESS (2016), https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-16-175.

網路資料
Ellis, L. (2009, April 15). The Global Financial Crisis: Causes, Consequences and Countermeasures, https://www.rba.gov.au/speeches/2009/sp-so-150409.html
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The White House. (2009, June 17). Remarks of the President on Regulatory Reform. Https://Obamawhitehouse.Archives.Gov/the-Press-Office/Remarks-President-Regulatory-Reform

二、 中文文獻
書籍
林建智、張冠群（2017），《金融消費評議實務問題研究》，元照。
林國全、王志誠、卓俊雄、汪信君、莊永丞、林建智（2019），《金融消費者保護法：理論與實務》，元照。
邱錦添、湖勝益、林克（2014），《金融消費者保護法與案例解析》，2版，元照。
期刊
向明恩，王怡蘋（2016），〈兩岸消費訴外紛爭解決機制之開展──從臺灣法出發並借鏡歐盟之規範〉，《月旦法學雜誌》，252期，頁25-51。
呂廣盛（2022），〈從防疫保單談保險業經營的風險管理〉，《保險經營論壇》，114期，頁2-16。
李志峰（2016），〈公平合理原則於金融消費評議制度所扮演之角色—以澳洲金融評議制度為核心〉，《東吳法律學報》，28卷1期，頁55-86。
李沃牆（2016），〈臺灣TRF風暴面面觀〉，《會計研究月刊》，373期，頁22-26。
林勳發（1998），〈保險法修正條文評述〉，《政大法學評論》，59期，頁343-388。
胡韶雯（2012），〈從多元化之金融商品談金融消費者之保護〉，《月旦法學教室》，122期，頁68-80。
財團法人金融消費評議中心（2012），〈淺談金融消費者保護法之爭議處理機制—金融消費評議中心〉，《證券暨期貨月刊》30卷3期，頁47-54。
康榮寶，王睦舜（2016），〈我們可從TRF學到什麼？〉，《展望與探索》，8-15卷9期，頁10。
張冠群（2016），〈為未滿15歲未成年人投保死亡保險之立法辯證〉，《月但裁判時報》，53期，頁39-56。
許杏宜，蔡宜樺（2016），〈裹著糖衣的毒藥：談TRF法律問題〉，《會計研究月刊》，364期，頁45-51。
郭大維（2012），〈金融消費爭議解決機制之研究我國法與英國法之比較〉，《中正財經法學》，4期，頁47-86。
陳忠五（2016），〈2015年消費者保護法修正評論〉，《台灣法學雜誌》，310期，頁3-30。
陳俊元、朱勗華、廖晨旭、賴彥傑（2012），〈金融消費者保護法中公平合理之法律實證研究〉，《東吳法律學報》，32卷4期，頁81-146。
陳肇鴻（2017），〈重思金融消費者保護之管制手段〉，《月旦法學雜誌》，266期，頁156-164。
陳豐年（2012），〈金融海嘯後金融消費者保護新趨勢〉，《萬國法律》，186期，頁93-101。
游啓璋（2017），〈目標可贖回遠期契約（TRF）〉，《月旦法學雜誌》，第264期，頁187-209。
葉啟洲（2016），〈未成年人死亡保險的法律限制與修正—再談保險法第107條的修正爭議〉，《月旦裁判時報》，53期，頁57-64頁。
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學位論文
呂雅庭（2020），《論金融消費惡客之防制—以保險市場為中心》，頁11，國立政治大學風險管理與保險學系碩士論文（未出版），臺北。
游秋萍（2013），《論消費者保護法之爭議與企業責任風險管理》，頁15，國立政治大學經營管理碩士學程風險管理組高階財金班碩士論文（未出版），臺北。
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
風險管理與保險學系
109358019
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109358019
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 陳俊元zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chen, Chun-Yuanen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 蕭旻綺zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Hsiao, Min-Chien_US
dc.creator (作者) 蕭旻綺zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Hsiao, Min-Chien_US
dc.date (日期) 2022en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-Sep-2022 14:50:45 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-Sep-2022 14:50:45 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Sep-2022 14:50:45 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0109358019en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/141569-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 風險管理與保險學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 109358019zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 過往因金融消費爭議屢次發生，而有立法委員認為為保障金融消費者之權益，建議建立金融消費者保護局。而金融消費者保護局乃美國之特有制度，在2008年金融海嘯後，美國國會建立單一且獨立之金融消費者保護局，期望透過該局之組織設計與權力賦予、強化其獨立性，避免政治、產業上各壓力影響其專業決斷，能一致地執行聯邦金融消費者法，以確保所有消費者都能進入金融消費者產品和服務市場，並確保金融消費者產品和服務市場的公平、透明及競爭力。總體而言，就美國金融消費者保護局設立後，該局確實為金融消費者提供更好的金融市場與消費環境，然而這期間美國金融消費者保護局也確實面臨許多來自立法、司法與行政方面的挑戰。金融消費者保護的前景，未必全然樂觀。
故本文期望藉由美國金融消費者保護局之建置，反思、比較我國目前金融消費者保護之監理制度，並藉此發現我國有關金融消費者保護相關政策之不足，僅由金融消費者督導會報進行決策，且決策過程如同黑箱作業，未進行相關資訊之公開揭露。而主要的二部法規過於侷限，加之由於目前之主管機關——金管會皆由政務官擔任，而不需具備相關專業知識，容易受到來自政黨與選民之壓力。不僅如此金管會組織法明確其設立目的在於維持金融穩定及促進金融市場發展，然而維持金融穩定並不等於金融消費者權益之保障，此係二絕不相同的監理目的，觀諸國際趨勢與歷史發展，通常金融機構之安全與穩健比金融消費者保護更加重要，但對消費者保護的意識和行動，則越來越有力，如美國金融消費者保護局之建置即為明證。
基於上述等原因，本文認為我國確實欠缺一獨立之金融消費者保護局，並建議應採納幾個美國金融消費者保護局之核心精神，包含單一首長制、獨立之資金來源、專業知識與金融教育之強調以成為一個以數據驅動之獨立金融消費者保護機構。由於消費者保護是我們金融系統的一個重要基礎，建置一個金融消費者權益受到重視之金融市場會使公眾相信金融市場是公平的，並使政策制定者和監管者能夠保持監管的穩定性，而穩定的監管反過來又能促進長期的增長、效率和創新。		zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 目錄
摘要
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機 1
第一項 我國金融消費者保護之缺陷 1
第二項 美國金融消費者保護局之創舉 4
第二節 研究範圍 5
第三節 研究方法 6
第一項 歷史分析 7
第二項 文獻介紹 7
第三項 比較法研究 7
第四節 研究目的與預期結果 7
第二章 美國金融消費者保護局之建置 9
第一節 成立金融消費者保護局之原因 9
第一項 成立前之狀況 13
第一款 多頭馬車 14
第二款 不同監理目的之衝突 15
第三款 監管俘獲 17
第四款 監管套利 18
第五款 專業知識與經驗之缺乏 20
第六款 反對意見之浮現 20
第二項 成立目的與目標 25
第二節 金融消費者保護局之組織 27
第一項 本局之性質 27
第二項 人員任命 31
第一款 局長與副局長 31
第二款 雇員 33
第三項 特定部門設立 34
第一款 研究 34
第二款 地區事務 36
第三款 蒐集與追蹤申訴 37
第四項 公平借貸與平等機會辦公室 38
第五項 金融教育辦公室 39
第六項 軍人事務辦公室 40
第七項 美國高齡金融保護辦公室 41
第八項 消費者諮詢委員會 43
第三節 資金 44
第四節 公開揭露 46
第五節 金融消費者保護局之權力 50
第一項 制定規範 50
第一款 制定規範之權力 50
第二款 管轄範圍 51
第三款 行政程序法 55
第四款 企業監管執法公平法 56
第五款 成本效益分析 60
第六款 對重大規範之後續審查 60
第七款 金融穩定監督委員會的否決權 61
第八款 以風險為本之監測 62
第九款 UDAAP 63
第十款 限制強制性仲裁條款 65
第十一款 CFPB不能做什麼 65
第二項 監督 66
第三項 執法 67
第四項 三重權力相輔相成 71
第六節 與州之間的交互作用 73
第七節 管轄範圍 75
第一項 非金融商品或服務的提供者 75
第二項 信貸 75
第三項 特殊利益除外和服務提供者之追回條款 76
第四項 豁免權 78
第三章 美國金融消費者保護局建置之成效 79
第一節 成效 79
第二節 立法 80
第三節 司法 82
第四節 行政 87
第一項 資訊權之限制 91
第二項 規範制定之限制 92
第三項 監督權力之限制 93
第四項 執法權之限縮 95
第五項 後續發展 96
第四章 臺灣金融消費者保護之現況 99
第一節 金管會 99
第一項 目的與組織架構 100
第二項 管轄範圍與權力 102
第三項 周邊組織 104
第二節 金融消費者保護法 106
第三節 行政函令 109
第一項 公平待客 110
第二項 普惠金融 110
第三項 高齡金融 111
第四節 爭議案件 112
第一項 兒童保單 112
第二項 TRF案 113
第五節 金融消費者保護現況之缺失 115
第一項 欠缺專業人員、資源之單一組織 115
第二項 欠缺獨立性 117
第五章 台灣金融消費者保護監理改革之建議 119
第一節 跟進國際趨勢 119
第二節 借鏡CFPB 121
第三節 單一首長制 122
第四節 獨立資金來源 124
第五節 專業知識與金融教育 125
第六節 公開揭露 126
第七節 數據驅動 127
第六章 結論 131
參考文獻 135		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 4257105 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109358019en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 金融消費者保護局zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 監管俘獲zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 安全與穩健zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 監管套利zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 金融教育zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 公開揭露zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 金融消費者保護zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 公平待客zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 高齡金融zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 數據驅動zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 我國金融消費者保護監理制度之反思──以美國金融消費者保護局為參考zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Reflection of Regulatory System of Taiwan’s Consumer Financial Protection－Center on U.S. Consumer Financial Protection Bureauen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、 英文文獻
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Kennedy, L., McCoy, P. A., & Bernstein, E. (2012). The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau: Financial Regulation for the 21st Century. Cornell Law Review, 98, 1141-1176.
Kruly, C. (2013). Self-Funding and Agency Independence. George Washington Law Review, 81(5), 1733-1754. https://www.gwlr.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/81-Geo.-Wash.-L.-Rev.-1733.pdf
Kupiec, P., & Nickerson, D. (2004). Assessing Systemic Risk Exposure from Banks and GSEs Under Alternative Approaches to Capital Regulation. The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 28, 123-145. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:REAL.0000011150.20499.b1
Lampe, D. C., & Richardson, R. J. (2017). The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau at Five: A Survey of the Bureau`s Activities. North Carolina Banking Institute, 21, 85-130. https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/ncbi/vol21/iss1/9
Langevoort, D. C. (1987). Statutory Obsolescence and the Judicial Process: The Revisionist Role of the Courts in Federal Banking Regulation. Michigan Law Review, 85, 672-733. https://repository.law.umich.edu/mlr/vol85/iss4/3
Lee, M. A. (2010). The Consumer Financial Protection Agency: What It May Mean to Your Practice. Houston Lawyer Magazine, January/February. http://www.thehoustonlawyer.com/aa_jan10/page10.htm
Levitin, A. J. (2014) The Politics of Financial Regulation and the Regulation of Financial Politics: A Review Essay. Harvard Law Review, 127, 1991-2068. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2401298
Levitin, A. J. (2009). Hydraulic Regulation: Regulating Credit Markets Upstream. Yale Journal on Regulation, 26, 143-227. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/72838503.pdf
Levitin, A. J. (2013). The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau: An Introduction. Review of Banking and Financial Law, 32, 321-369. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2199678
McCoy, P. A., & Financial Regulation and Consumer Protection Scholars and Former Regulators. (2018). Response Regarding Bureau Rulemaking Processes (Docket No. CFPB-2018-0009). Boston College Law School, 6, 1-36. https://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/cfpb-comments/6
McCoy, P. A., Schwarcz, D., & Kress, J. C. (2019). Regulating Entities and Activities: Complementary Approaches to Nonbank Systemic Risk. Southern California Law Review, 92 (6), 1455-1528. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3238059
McCoy, P. A. (2019). Inside Job: The Assault on the Structure of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. Minnesota Law Review, 103, 2543-2615. https://www.minnesotalawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/5McCoy_FINAL.pdf
McDonnell, B. (2011). Don`t Panic! Defending Cowardly Interventions During and After a Financial Crisis. Penn State Law Review, 116, 1-75. https://www.pennstatelawreview.org/print-issues/articles/dont-panic-defending-cowardly-interventions-during-and-after-a-financial-crisis/
Mogilnicki, E. J., & Malpass, M. S. (2013). The First Year of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau: An Overview. The Business Lawyer, 68(2), 557-570. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23526775
Nazareth, A. L. (2010). Reflections on Systemic Risk Regulation in Response to Karmel’s Paper. Brooklyn Journal of International Law, 35, 845-850. https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/bjil/vol35/iss3/8
Nissim-Sabat, M. C. (2012). Capturing This Watchdog? The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Keeping the Special Interests Out of Its House. Western State University law review, 40, 1-30. https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/wsulr40&div=4&id=&page=
Omarova, S. T. (2011). The Dodd-Frank Act: A New Deal for A New Age?. North Carolina Banking Institute, 15, 83-98. https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/ncbi/vol15/iss1/6
Rampell, C. (2012, January 4). Lax Oversight Caused Crisis, Bernanke Says. https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/04/business/economy/04fed.html
Raso, C. (2015). Agency Avoidance of Rulemaking Procedures. Administrative Law Review, 67, 65-132. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2293455
Recent Legislation. (2010). Dodd-Frank Act Creates the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Pub. L. No. 111-203, 124 Stat. 1376. Harvard Law Review, 124, 2123-2130. https://harvardlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/pdfs/vol12408_recentlegislation.pdf
Schiltz, E. R. (2004). The Amazing, Elastic, Ever-Expanding Exportation Doctrine and Its Effect on Predatory Lending Regulation. Minnesota Law Review, 88, 518-625. https://ssrn.com/abstract=413182
Schooner, H. M. (1998). Regulating Risk Not Function. University of Cincinnati Law Review, 66, 441-488. https://scholarship.law.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1261&context=scholar&httpsredir=1&referer=
Schwarcz, D., & Schwarcz, S. L. (2014). Regulating Systemic Risk in Insurance. University of Chicago Law Review, 81, 1569-1640. https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/faculty_scholarship/3243
Schwarcz, S. L. (2008). Systemic Risk. Georgetown Law Journal, 97, 193-249. https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/faculty_scholarship/1903
Schwartz, B. (1956). Regulating Business by Independent Commission. by Marver H. Bernstein. Harvard Law Review, 69, 960-964. https://doi.org/10.2307/1337585
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Soucy, B. D. (2013), The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau: The Solution or the Problem?. Florida State University Law Review, 40, 691-719. https://ir.law.fsu.edu/lr/vol40/iss3/6
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政府文書
CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU, CHARTER OF THE CONSUMER BUREAU’S ADVISORY BOARD (20210, https://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/documents/cfpb_cab_charter_2021-04.pdf.
CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU, DISCLOSURE OF CONSUMER COMPLAINT NARRATIVE DATA (2012), https://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/documents/201303_cfpb_Final-Policy-Statement-Disclosure-of-Consumer-Complaint-Data.pdf.
CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU, FAIR LENDING REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION (2021), https://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/documents/cfpb_2020-fair-lending_report_2021-04.pdf.
CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU, OFFICE OF SERVICEMEMBER AFFAIRS ANNUAL REPORT (2021), https://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/documents/cfpb_osa-annual-report-2020.pdf.
CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU, THE IMPACT OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CONSUMER- AND CREDITOR-PURCHASED CREDIT SCORES REPORT TO CONGRESS (2011), https://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/2011/07/Report_20110719_CreditScores.pdf.
Legislative Proposals to Improve the Structure of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau: Hearing Before the Subcomm. on Fin. Inst. and Consumer Credit of the H. Comm. on Fin. Servs., 112th Cong. 9 (2011).
ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT, THE GOVERNANCE OF REGULATORS GOVERNANCE OF REGULATOR’S PRACTICES: ACCOUNTABILITY, TRANSPARENCY AND CO-ORDINATION (2016), https://www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/governance-of-regulators-practices-9789264255388-en.htm
Protecting the Public Interest: Understanding the Threat of Agency Capture: Hearing Before the Subcomm. on Admin. Oversight and the Courts of the S. Committee on the Judiciary, 111th Cong. 20-21 (2010).
REPORT OF ANTON R. VALUKAS, EXAMINER, VOL. 1 AT 12-13, IN RE LEHMAN BROS. HOLDINGS INC., NO. 08-13555 (2010), https://web.stanford.edu/~jbulow/Lehmandocs/menu.html.
THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM, THE FED EXPLAINED WHAT THE CENTRAL BANK DOSE (2021), https://www.federalreserve.gov/aboutthefed/files/the-fed-explained.pdf.
U.S. DEP’T OF THE TREASURY, FINANCIAL REGULATION REFORM A NEW FOUNDATION: REBUILDING FINANCIAL SUPERVISION AND REGULATION (2009), https://www.treasury.gov/initiatives/wsr/Documents/FinalReport_web.pdf.
U.S. GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE, A FRAMEWORK FOR CRAFTING AND ASSESSING PROPOSALS TO MODERNIZE THE OUTDATED U.S. FINANCIAL REGULATORY SYSTEM, STATEMENT OF GENE L. DODARO, COMPTROLLER GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES (2009), https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-09-314t.pdf.
U.S. GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE, FINANCIAL REGULATION: COMPLEX AND FRAGMENTED STRUCTURE COULD BE STREAMLINED TO IMPROVE EFFECTIVENESS (2016), https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-16-175.

網路資料
Ellis, L. (2009, April 15). The Global Financial Crisis: Causes, Consequences and Countermeasures, https://www.rba.gov.au/speeches/2009/sp-so-150409.html
Levitin, A. J. (2009). The Consumer Financial Protection Agency (2009), http:// www.pewtrusts.org/uploadedFiles/wwwpewtrustsorg/Reports/Financial_Reform/Pew-Levitan-CFPA.pdf
Taylor, M. W. (1995). Twin Peaks: A Regulatory Structure for the New Century, https://static1.squarespace.com/static/54d620fce4b049bf4cd5be9b/t/55241159e4b0c8f3afe1d11e/1428427097907/Twin+Peaks+A+regulatory+structure+for+the+new+century.pdf
The White House. (2009, June 17). Remarks of the President on Regulatory Reform. Https://Obamawhitehouse.Archives.Gov/the-Press-Office/Remarks-President-Regulatory-Reform

二、 中文文獻
書籍
林建智、張冠群（2017），《金融消費評議實務問題研究》，元照。
林國全、王志誠、卓俊雄、汪信君、莊永丞、林建智（2019），《金融消費者保護法：理論與實務》，元照。
邱錦添、湖勝益、林克（2014），《金融消費者保護法與案例解析》，2版，元照。
期刊
向明恩，王怡蘋（2016），〈兩岸消費訴外紛爭解決機制之開展──從臺灣法出發並借鏡歐盟之規範〉，《月旦法學雜誌》，252期，頁25-51。
呂廣盛（2022），〈從防疫保單談保險業經營的風險管理〉，《保險經營論壇》，114期，頁2-16。
李志峰（2016），〈公平合理原則於金融消費評議制度所扮演之角色—以澳洲金融評議制度為核心〉，《東吳法律學報》，28卷1期，頁55-86。
李沃牆（2016），〈臺灣TRF風暴面面觀〉，《會計研究月刊》，373期，頁22-26。
林勳發（1998），〈保險法修正條文評述〉，《政大法學評論》，59期，頁343-388。
胡韶雯（2012），〈從多元化之金融商品談金融消費者之保護〉，《月旦法學教室》，122期，頁68-80。
財團法人金融消費評議中心（2012），〈淺談金融消費者保護法之爭議處理機制—金融消費評議中心〉，《證券暨期貨月刊》30卷3期，頁47-54。
康榮寶，王睦舜（2016），〈我們可從TRF學到什麼？〉，《展望與探索》，8-15卷9期，頁10。
張冠群（2016），〈為未滿15歲未成年人投保死亡保險之立法辯證〉，《月但裁判時報》，53期，頁39-56。
許杏宜，蔡宜樺（2016），〈裹著糖衣的毒藥：談TRF法律問題〉，《會計研究月刊》，364期，頁45-51。
郭大維（2012），〈金融消費爭議解決機制之研究我國法與英國法之比較〉，《中正財經法學》，4期，頁47-86。
陳忠五（2016），〈2015年消費者保護法修正評論〉，《台灣法學雜誌》，310期，頁3-30。
陳俊元、朱勗華、廖晨旭、賴彥傑（2012），〈金融消費者保護法中公平合理之法律實證研究〉，《東吳法律學報》，32卷4期，頁81-146。
陳肇鴻（2017），〈重思金融消費者保護之管制手段〉，《月旦法學雜誌》，266期，頁156-164。
陳豐年（2012），〈金融海嘯後金融消費者保護新趨勢〉，《萬國法律》，186期，頁93-101。
游啓璋（2017），〈目標可贖回遠期契約（TRF）〉，《月旦法學雜誌》，第264期，頁187-209。
葉啟洲（2016），〈未成年人死亡保險的法律限制與修正—再談保險法第107條的修正爭議〉，《月旦裁判時報》，53期，頁57-64頁。
劉其昌（2012），〈金融消費者保護法之分析〉，《臺灣銀行季刊》，63卷4期，頁1-16。
劉韋廷（2018），〈從TRF風暴審思臺灣金融消費者保護〉，《月旦財經法雜誌》，42期，頁101-132。
學位論文
呂雅庭（2020），《論金融消費惡客之防制—以保險市場為中心》，頁11，國立政治大學風險管理與保險學系碩士論文（未出版），臺北。
游秋萍（2013），《論消費者保護法之爭議與企業責任風險管理》，頁15，國立政治大學經營管理碩士學程風險管理組高階財金班碩士論文（未出版），臺北。		zh_TW
dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202201176en_US