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題名 從國際關係理論及歐盟法規範探討歐盟綠色政綱之發展與實踐
A Study on the Development and Practice of the EU Green Deal from International Relations Theories and EU Law作者 劉蕙綺
Liu, Hui-Chi貢獻者 許耀明
Hsu, Yao-Ming
劉蕙綺
Liu, Hui-Chi關鍵詞 歐盟綠色政綱
國際關係理論
國際關係理論與國際法
歐盟法
氣候變遷
歐盟氣候變遷政策
The EU Green Deal
International Relations Theory
International Relations Theory and International Law
EU Law
Climate Change
EU Climate Change Policy日期 2022 上傳時間 2-Sep-2022 15:12:20 (UTC+8) 摘要 本文旨在透過國際關係理論與歐盟法規範，分析歐盟及其成員國在氣候變遷議題上之合作原因，並進一步探討歐盟綠色政綱之發展與未來可能遭遇之挑戰。 為了減緩全球暖化，各國展開氣候合作，共同在國際上透過簽訂國際氣候協定分擔溫室氣體減排義務。在簽訂《京都議定書》以後，歐盟為了實現其溫室氣體減排承諾，開始在歐盟內部施行一系列氣候政策。 從國際關係理論分析歐盟氣候政策形成原因，現實主義觀點認為對歐盟之利益可能在於欲透過氣候議題對內凝聚歐盟成員國與人民之共識、進一步加強歐盟之一體性，對外重建歐盟在國際社會之領導地位。對成員國之利益則在於國家安全和經濟利益之考量。自由主義則認為除此之外，歐盟所建立之國際制度也是成員國願意與其他成員國合作之重要原因。建構主義則認為是由於歐盟社會有著應減緩氣候變遷之規範和認同。 歐盟法規範因其具有直接適用性和優先效力，對於成員國之拘束力高於一般國際協定。歐盟在《歐洲聯盟運作條約》(Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union)條文文字中納入氣候變遷，又將歐盟綠色政綱之氣候目標立法，欲透過歐盟法規範中對成員國具有拘束力之法律類型要求成員國在實現目標上共同努力。 然而想要順利達成歐盟綠色政綱之目標，對歐盟來說仍有幾個需克服的困難。首先，成員國在國情和環境等各方面之差異將考驗歐盟在協調溝通及督促成員國落實歐盟政策之能力。其次，雖然歐盟法對於成員國具有法律上之拘束力，但過往仍多有成員國未遵守歐盟規範之情形發生，如何使成員國合規也將是挑戰。最後，世界情勢隨時可能發生劇變，歐盟需保有隨時因應突發狀況之靈活性。
This thesis aims to analyze the reasons for the cooperation between the EU and its member states on the issue of climate change through international relations theories and EU law, and to explore the development and the challenges of the EU Green Deal.In order to combat climate change, countries promoted international climate cooperation and shared obligations of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. After the Kyoto Protocol has adopted, the EU implemented a series of climate policies to meet its commitment.This thesis tries to analyze the establishment of EU climate policies through international relations theories. For realism, interest is the key point. Climate issue helps the EU promoting European identity and European integration. Furthermore, it helps the EU rebuilding its leadership in the international community. As for the member states, they are concerned about their national security and economic interests. For liberalism, the international regime created by the EU is also an important reason why the member states are willing to cooperate with others. For constructivism, the norms and the identity of EU society are the reason why the EU and the member states make efforts to slow down climate change.The principle of direct applicability and the supremacy makes EU law be further binding than general international agreements. To require the member states of achieving the goal of EU Green Deal, the EU writes into law the combat with climate change and the goal set out in the European Green Deal.However, to achieve the target of the European Green Deal, there are still several difficulties for the EU to overcome. First, the differences between the member states in terms of national conditions and environment will test the EU`s ability to coordinate, communicate and urge member states to implement EU policies. Moreover, although EU law is legally binding on member states, there are still many cases where member states have not abided by EU norms. How to make member states comply will also be a challenge. 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國立政治大學
法學院碩士在職專班
108961017資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108961017 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 許耀明 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Hsu, Yao-Ming en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 劉蕙綺 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Liu, Hui-Chi en_US dc.creator (作者) 劉蕙綺 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Liu, Hui-Chi en_US dc.date (日期) 2022 en_US dc.date.accessioned 2-Sep-2022 15:12:20 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 2-Sep-2022 15:12:20 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Sep-2022 15:12:20 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0108961017 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/141674 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 法學院碩士在職專班 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 108961017 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本文旨在透過國際關係理論與歐盟法規範，分析歐盟及其成員國在氣候變遷議題上之合作原因，並進一步探討歐盟綠色政綱之發展與未來可能遭遇之挑戰。 為了減緩全球暖化，各國展開氣候合作，共同在國際上透過簽訂國際氣候協定分擔溫室氣體減排義務。在簽訂《京都議定書》以後，歐盟為了實現其溫室氣體減排承諾，開始在歐盟內部施行一系列氣候政策。 從國際關係理論分析歐盟氣候政策形成原因，現實主義觀點認為對歐盟之利益可能在於欲透過氣候議題對內凝聚歐盟成員國與人民之共識、進一步加強歐盟之一體性，對外重建歐盟在國際社會之領導地位。對成員國之利益則在於國家安全和經濟利益之考量。自由主義則認為除此之外，歐盟所建立之國際制度也是成員國願意與其他成員國合作之重要原因。建構主義則認為是由於歐盟社會有著應減緩氣候變遷之規範和認同。 歐盟法規範因其具有直接適用性和優先效力，對於成員國之拘束力高於一般國際協定。歐盟在《歐洲聯盟運作條約》(Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union)條文文字中納入氣候變遷，又將歐盟綠色政綱之氣候目標立法，欲透過歐盟法規範中對成員國具有拘束力之法律類型要求成員國在實現目標上共同努力。 然而想要順利達成歐盟綠色政綱之目標，對歐盟來說仍有幾個需克服的困難。首先，成員國在國情和環境等各方面之差異將考驗歐盟在協調溝通及督促成員國落實歐盟政策之能力。其次，雖然歐盟法對於成員國具有法律上之拘束力，但過往仍多有成員國未遵守歐盟規範之情形發生，如何使成員國合規也將是挑戰。最後，世界情勢隨時可能發生劇變，歐盟需保有隨時因應突發狀況之靈活性。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) This thesis aims to analyze the reasons for the cooperation between the EU and its member states on the issue of climate change through international relations theories and EU law, and to explore the development and the challenges of the EU Green Deal.In order to combat climate change, countries promoted international climate cooperation and shared obligations of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. After the Kyoto Protocol has adopted, the EU implemented a series of climate policies to meet its commitment.This thesis tries to analyze the establishment of EU climate policies through international relations theories. For realism, interest is the key point. Climate issue helps the EU promoting European identity and European integration. Furthermore, it helps the EU rebuilding its leadership in the international community. As for the member states, they are concerned about their national security and economic interests. For liberalism, the international regime created by the EU is also an important reason why the member states are willing to cooperate with others. For constructivism, the norms and the identity of EU society are the reason why the EU and the member states make efforts to slow down climate change.The principle of direct applicability and the supremacy makes EU law be further binding than general international agreements. To require the member states of achieving the goal of EU Green Deal, the EU writes into law the combat with climate change and the goal set out in the European Green Deal.However, to achieve the target of the European Green Deal, there are still several difficulties for the EU to overcome. First, the differences between the member states in terms of national conditions and environment will test the EU`s ability to coordinate, communicate and urge member states to implement EU policies. Moreover, although EU law is legally binding on member states, there are still many cases where member states have not abided by EU norms. How to make member states comply will also be a challenge. Finally, the world situation may change drastically at any time, and the EU needs to maintain the flexibility to respond to emergencies. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1第一節 研究動機 1第二節 研究目的 3第三節 研究範圍 5第四節 研究方法及章節安排 6第二章 從國際關係理論看國際氣候變遷規範之發展 9第一節 國際關係理論 9第一項 現實主義 9第二項 自由主義 13第三項 建構主義 16第二節 國際氣候變遷規範之發展 17第一項 聯合國氣候變化綱要公約 17第二項 京都議定書 18第三項 巴黎協議 20第四項 格拉斯哥氣候盟約 22第三節 小結 23第三章 從國際關係理論看歐盟氣候變遷政策之發展 27第一節 歐盟氣候變遷政策之發展 27第一項 早期發展 27第二項 歐洲氣候變遷計畫 29第三項 氣候能源包裹法案 32第四項 歐洲2020策略 33第五項 2050年邁向競爭性低碳經濟路徑圖 35第六項 2020-2030年氣候能源政策框架 37第二節 國際關係理論對歐盟氣候變遷政策之影響 39第一項 現實主義觀點 40第二項 自由主義觀點 46第三項 建構主義觀點 48第三節 小結 51第四章 從歐盟法規範看歐盟氣候變遷法制之發展 55第一節 國際關係理論與國際法之跨學科討論 55第一項 國際關係理論與國際法之連結 55第二項 新港學派 63第二節 歐盟法規範對歐盟氣候變遷政策之影響 69第一項 歐盟法對成員國之拘束力 70第二項 歐盟環境及氣候政策實施之法源發展 76第三節 小結 80第五章 歐盟綠色政綱之現況與未來發展 83第一節 歐盟綠色政綱之現況 83第一項 政策目標與內容 83第二項 發展現況 89第二節 歐盟綠色政綱之未來發展與挑戰 95第一項 歐盟各國對綠色政綱之態度 95第二項 從法規面看綠色政綱對成員國之強制力 98第三項 歐盟綠色政綱之未來挑戰 100第三節 歐盟綠色政綱在國際關係理論之適用 102第四節 小結 106第六章 結論 109參考文獻 115一、中文文獻 115二、英文文獻 118 zh_TW dc.format.extent 3172427 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108961017 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 歐盟綠色政綱 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國際關係理論 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國際關係理論與國際法 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 歐盟法 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 氣候變遷 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 歐盟氣候變遷政策 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) The EU Green Deal en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) International Relations Theory en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) International Relations Theory and International Law en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) EU Law en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Climate Change en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) EU Climate Change Policy en_US dc.title (題名) 從國際關係理論及歐盟法規範探討歐盟綠色政綱之發展與實踐 zh_TW dc.title (題名) A Study on the Development and Practice of the EU Green Deal from International Relations Theories and EU Law en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文文獻(一) 專書丘宏達著、陳純一修訂，現代國際法，2019年4月，修訂3版。梁雲祥，國際關係與國際法，2012年。許慶雄、李明峻，國際法概論，2016年9月，2版。陳麗娟，里斯本條約後歐洲聯盟新面貌，2010年9月。楊惟任，氣候變遷、政治與國際關係，2015年。葉俊榮，氣候變遷治理與法律，2015年。(二) 專書論文與期刊論文吳建輝，歐盟做為全球環境行為者：以其在氣候變化綱要公約之參與為例，歐美研究，43卷1期，2013年3月。李河清，歐盟與環境：以京都議定書為例，張亞中主編，歐盟全球戰略與對外關係，2006年10月。李建良，歐盟環境法的演進與發展──從經濟合作到環境共榮，法學叢刊，55卷4期，2010年1月。李毓峰、劉書彬，歐洲憲法條約建構下的歐盟政體，人文及社會科學集刊，19卷1期，頁131，2007年3月。周佳宥，歐盟法院與各國憲法法院之合作與衝突，中華國際法與超國界法評論，12卷2期，頁，2016年。林子倫，全球氣候政治與歐盟角色初探－歐盟為何扮演領導之角色？，應用倫理評論，48期，2010年4月。施文真，永續發展評量系統中「制度回應指標」之理論基礎探討：制度量能提升與良善治理，都市與計劃，32卷2期，2005年6月。洪德欽，歐洲聯盟法的法源，華岡法粹，57期，2014年12月。洪德欽，歐盟氣候變遷政策的規範、策略與實踐，科技法學評論，9卷2期，2012年12月。洪德欽，歐盟憲法之法理分析，歐美研究，37卷2期，頁256-258，2007年6月。徐崇利，國際關系理論與國際法學之跨學科研究:歷史與現狀，世界經濟與政治，11期，2010年。高小升、嚴雙伍，歐盟氣候政策的動因分析，國際論壇，5期，2012年。莫大華，論國際關係理論中的建構主義，問題與研究，38卷9期，1999年9月。郭映庭，跨境大氣治理成敗因素之探析，全球政治評論，63期，2018年7月。曾文革、吳慶禹，後巴黎時代《歐洲氣候法》的治理變革及啟示，中華環境，Z1期，2021年。曾志隆，等待氣旋或不再躍起？──法、荷否決『歐洲憲法』之後的歐洲整合初探，台灣國際研究季刊，4卷1期，頁56-57，2008年。楊惟任，巴黎氣候談判與協議之分析，問題與研究，56卷1期，2017年3月。廖舜右，現實主義，張亞中、張登及主編，國際關係總論，2020年1月，5版。劉如慧，歐盟環境法制與司法實踐，洪德欽、陳淳文主編，歐盟法之基礎原則與實務發展(下)，2015年。劉哲良、吳珮瑛、朱敏嘉，歐盟面對氣候變遷的因應政策－排放交易機制之現況、發展及挑戰，臺灣國際研究季刊，13卷4期，頁125，2017年12月。劉博文，政策定向學說與國際法的跨學科研究，金融理論與教學，5期，2013年10月。鄭端耀，國際關係「新自由制度主義」理論之評析，問題與研究，36卷12期，1997年12月。鄭端耀，國際關係新古典現實主義理論，問題與研究，44卷1期，2005年2月。盧業中，新自由主義，張亞中、張登及主編，國際關係總論，2020年1月，5版。龔微、朱嫣然，論《里斯本條約》對歐盟參與氣候變化國際談判的影響，吉首大學學報(社會科學版)，5期，2011年。(三) 網際網路資料Daisy Chuang，全球各地燃起山火，正面臨有史以來最嚴峻野火季，TechNews科技新報，https://technews.tw/2021/08/13/climate-change-wildfire/ (最後瀏覽日：2022年7月5日)。Fiona Harvey(撰文)，姜唯(編譯)，聯合國氣候峰會COP26因COVID-19延期 專家：把握轉型低碳經濟良機，國家地理，https://www.natgeomedia.com/environment/article/content-10974.html (最後瀏覽日：2022年6月20日)。Greenpeace綠色和平，暴雨、熱浪、乾旱、大火，成為未來的新日常？，https://www.greenpeace.org/taiwan/update/26815/%E6%9A%B4%E9%9B%A8%E3%80%81%E7%86%B1%E6%B5%AA%E3%80%81%E4%B9%BE%E6%97%B1%E3%80%81%E5%A4%A7%E7%81%AB%EF%BC%8C%E6%88%90%E7%82%BA%E6%9C%AA%E4%BE%86%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B0%E6%97%A5%E5%B8%B8%EF%BC%9F/ (最後瀏覽日：2022年7月3日)。永續低碳聯盟，歐盟失而復得的拼圖：波蘭最快可望在2056年達成氣候中和，https://www.sale-greenlabel.com/cn/news/major_trend/detail/229 (最後瀏覽日：2022年6月20日)。何心宇，解析歐盟碳邊境調整機制發展與影響，財團法人資訊工業策進會，https://www.iii.org.tw/focus/FocusDtl.aspx?f_type=1&f_sqno=ZYxid5AQ1P851F7aTgJpQQ__&fm_sqno=12 (最後瀏覽日：2022年6月15日)。林綉娟，歐盟如何迎戰「能源貧窮」？合理電價阻止能效不足的惡性循環，環境資訊中心，https://e-info.org.tw/node/203540 (最後瀏覽日：2022年6月15日)。張雅涵，德國綠黨雖錯失綠色之年 仍具關鍵造王者地位，中央廣播電臺，https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2112473 (最後瀏覽日：2022年7月12日)。梁曉昀，氣候治理下的公民參與機制，風險社會與政策研究中心，https://rsprc.ntu.edu.tw/zh-tw/m01-3/climate-change/1497-1091028-climateparticipate.html (最後瀏覽日：2022年5月24日)。經濟部淨零辦公室，https://www.go-moea.tw/ (最後瀏覽日：2022年6月20日)。二、英文文獻(一) 專書CARR, E.H., THE TWENTY YEARS` CRISIS, 1919-1939: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS (1946).CHALMERS, DAMIAN, GARETH DAVIES AND GIORGIO MONTI, EUROPEAN UNION LAW (4TH ED. 2019).DONNELLY, JACK, REALISM AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS (2000).FINNEMORE, MARTHA, NATIONAL INTERESTS IN INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY (1996).KEOHANE, ROBERT O., INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND STATE POWER: ESSAYS IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORY (1989).MORGENTHAU, HANS J. , POLITICS AMONG NATIONS: THE STRUGGLE FOR POWER AND PEACE (1978).NYE, JOSEPH S. 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