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題名 外交政策中的文化外交:以瓜地馬拉為例
Cultural Diplomacy in Foreign Policy: A Case Study of the Republic of Guatemala
作者 赫克托
Ramirez, Hector
貢獻者 黃奎博
Huang, Kwei-Bo
赫克托
Hector Ramirez
關鍵詞 文化外交
外交政策
瓜地馬拉共和國
公眾外交
策略溝通
軟實力
cultural diplomacy
foreign policy
Republic of Guatemala
public diplomacy
strategic communication
soft power
日期 2022
上傳時間 2-Sep-2022 15:46:46 (UTC+8)
摘要 以下題目為「外交政策中的文化外交:瓜地馬拉共和國個案研究」的論文是國立政治大學國際研究英語碩士學位學程的畢業論文。

此學生自2021年修習「策略溝通與文化外交」課程時開始這項研究,並在兩個學期的研究後於2022年完成。

本研究的目的是探討瓜地馬拉的文化外交在該國外交政策中的作用,並以2012年至2016年作為個案研究的期間。由於「Oxlajuj B`ak`tun」這個節日在馬雅曆法中是在這一年被慶祝,因此這是一個標誌著公眾外交,與特別是瓜地馬拉文化外交的活動。作為一個策略溝通的活動,這個文化政策是在總統奧托‧佩雷斯‧莫利納(Otto Pérez Molina)與外交部長哈羅爾多‧卡瓦列羅斯(Haroldo Caballeros)執政時期的外交政策總體架構下執行的。而這尋求將瓜地馬拉定位成一個擁有非凡文化與自然財富的國家,並由馬雅人、加里富納斯人、辛卡斯人、拉迪諾人四個族群組成,他們皆是古代文化的繼承者。

本論文共分為五個章節,第一章是有關公眾外交、軟實力,與文化外交的文獻回顧;第二章是從瓜地馬拉共和國的歷史、國際關係,與外交政策等方面針對主題的介紹;在第三章,進行了以2012年至2016年為期的瓜地馬拉共和國的個案研究;在第四章,則為瓜地馬拉共和國外交部提出基於文化外交的公眾外交提議,並在第五章中展現這項研究的結論,作為對中華民國(台灣)與瓜地馬拉共和國的學術貢獻。
The following thesis called "Cultural Diplomacy in Foreign Policy: A Case Study of the Republic of Guatemala" was carried out as a graduation project of the International Master`s Program in International Studies (IMPIS) of the College of International Affairs of the National Chengchi University in Taipei, Taiwan.


The student began this research by taking the Strategic Communication and Cultural Diplomacy course in 2021 and completed it after two semesters of research in 2022.


The purpose of this research was to explore the role that Guatemalan Cultural Diplomacy has within the country`s foreign policy, taking as a case study the period from 2012 to 2016, due to the fact that Oxlajuj B`ak`tun was celebrated this year in the Mayan calendar, this was an event that marked the Public Diplomacy and especially the Cultural Diplomacy of Guatemala, as an event of Strategic Communication, for this the Cultural Policy was carried out in the General Framework of Foreign Policy during the period of President Otto Pérez Molina and Foreign Minister Haroldo Caballeros, which sought to position Guatemala in the concert of nations as a country of extraordinary cultural and natural wealth, made up of four peoples: Mayans, Garífunas, Xincas and Ladinos, heirs of an ancient culture.


This thesis is divided into 5 chapters, the first is the literature review on Public Diplomacy, Soft Power and Cultural Diplomacy, in the second the introduction of the subject is made taking into account the history, international relations and foreign policy of the Republic of Guatemala, in the third chapter, the case study of the Republic of Guatemala is carried out for the period 2012- 2016.In the fourth chapter, a public policy proposal is made on issues of Cultural Diplomacy for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Guatemala and in the fifth chapter the conclusions of this research are disclosed as a contribution to the academy in the Republic. Of China (Taiwan) and the Republic of Guatemala.
參考文獻 Official Documents of the Government of the Republic of Guatemala


• Congress of the Republic of Guatemala. (2013). The Political Constitution of the Republic of Guatemala. Guatemala City. Congress of the Republic of Guatemala.
• Congress of the Republic of Guatemala. (1997). The Law of the Executive Organ of the Republic of Guatemala. Guatemala City. Congress of the Republic of Guatemala.
• Congress of the Republic of Guatemala. (1997). The Law for the Protection of Cultural Heritage. Guatemala City. Congress of the Republic of Guatemala.
• Congress of the Republic of Guatemala. (2006). Convention for Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Decree 25-2006. Guatemala City. Congress of the Republic of Guatemala.
• Congress of the Republic of Guatemala. (1978). Convention for the Protection of the International, Cultural and Natural Heritage Decree 47-78. Guatemala City. Congress of the Republic of Guatemala.
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Guatemala. (2005). The Culture, Engine of Development, National Plan for Long- Term Cultural Development. Guatemala City. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Guatemala.
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Guatemala. (2003). Internal Organic Regulation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Guatemala. Guatemala City. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Guatemala.
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Guatemala. (2012). Cultural Policy in the General Framework of Foreign Policy of the Republic of Guatemala 2012- 2016.Guatemala City. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Guatemala.
• National Office of Civil Service. (1963). Law of the Diplomatic Service of the Republic of Guatemala. Guatemala City. National Office of Civil Service.
• Secretariat of Planning and Programming of the Presidency. (2020). General Government Plan 2020-2024. Guatemala City. Secretariat of Planning and Programming of the Presidency.
• Secretariat of Planning and Programming of the Presidency. (2020). National Development Plan: Katun, Our Guatemala 2032. Guatemala City. Secretariat of Planning and Programming of the Presidency.


Books


• Hunt, A. (2016). Public Diplomacy: What it is and how to do it. Geneve. United Nations Institute for Training and Research.
• Keohane, R. (1984). After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy. New Jersey. Princeton University Press.
• Melissen. J. (2005). The New Public Diplomacy: Soft power in international relations. The Hague. Clingendael: The Netherlands Institute of International Relations.
• Nye, J. (2004). Soft Power: The means to success in world politics. New York. Public Affairs Books.
• Organization of Iberoamerican States. (2006). Iberoamerican Cultural Charter. Madrid.
Organization of Iberoamerican States.
• Piedras. E. (2007). Guatemala: an analysis of the economic contribution of culture. Guatemala City. Cultural Editorial.
• United Nations, The. (1966). International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. New York. United Nations.
• United Nations, The. (2015). Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for the Sustainable Development. New York. United Nations.
• United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization, The. (2009). Investing in Cultural Diversity and Intercultural Dialogue: UNESCO world report. Paris. United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
• United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization, The. (1996). Report of the World Commission on Culture and Development. Paris. United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
• United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization, The. (2003). Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. Paris. United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
• United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization, The. (2005). Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions. Paris. United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
• United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization, The. (1970). Convention on the Measures to be Adopted to Prohibit and Prevent the Import, Export and Transfer of Illicit Ownership of Cultural Property. Paris. United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
• United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization, The. (1956). Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict and its implementing Regulations. Paris. United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
• United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization, The. (1995). UNIDROIT Convention in Illicitly Exported or Stolen Cultural Assets. Paris. United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
• United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization, The. (1999). Second Protocol to the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Assets in the Event of Armed Conflict. Paris. United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization.


Articles


• Baskoro. R. (2020). The Truth of Cultural Diplomacy. Jababeka. AEGIS Journal of International Relations.
• Cummings. M. (2009). Cultural Diplomacy and the United States Government: a survey. Washington. Americans for the Arts.
• Fang. Ying. Soft Power: power of attraction or confusion. London. Brunel Business School.
• Fitzpatrick, K. (2011). U. S Public Diplomacy in a Post-9/11 World: From Messaging to Mutuality. Los Angeles. USC Center on Public Diplomacy at the Annenberg School, University of Southern California.
• Gomichon. M. (2013). Joseph Nye on Soft Power. Bristol. University of the West of England, Bristol.
• Jora. L. (2013). New Practices and Trends in Culture Diplomacy. Bucharest. Romanian Academy, Institute of Political Science and International Relations.
• Nye. J. (2008) Public Diplomacy and Soft Power. Cambridge. Harvard University.
• Patalakh. A. (2016). Assessment of Soft Power Strategies: towards an aggregative Analytical model for country-focused case study research. Zagreb. Croatian International Relations Review.
• Plavsak. K. (2004). Public Diplomacy: basic concepts and trends. Ljulijana . International Institute for Middle- East and Balkan Studies.



Web Pages

• Ministry of Foreign Affairs, European Union and Cooperation. (2022). Ministry of Foreign Affairs, European Union and Cooperation Web Page. Madrid. https://www.exteriores.gob.es/en/Paginas/index.aspx
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Guatemala. (2022). Ministry of Foreign Affairs Web Page. Guatemala City. https://www.minex.gob.gt
• Ministry of Culture and Sports of the Republic of Guatemala. (2022). Ministry of Culture and Sports of the Republic of Guatemala Web Page. Guatemala City. https://mcd.gob.gt/
• Organization of Iberoamerican States for the Education, Science and Culture. (2022). Organizarion of Iberoamerican States for the Education, Science and Culture Web Page. Madrid. https://www.coe.int/en/web/cultural-routes/oei
• Royal Spanish Academy. (2022). Royal Spanish Academy Web Page. Madrid. https://www.rae.es/
• System for Central American Integration. (2022). System for Central American Integration Web Page. San Salvador. https://www.rae.es/
• Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation. (2022). Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation Web Page. Madrid. https://www.aecid.es/ES
• Spanish Cultural Center in Guatemala City. (2022). Spanish Cultural Center in Guatemala City Web Page. Guatemala City. https://cceguatemala.org/
• The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2022). The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Web Page. Paris. https://www.unesco.org/es
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際研究英語碩士學位學程(IMPIS)
109862012
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109862012
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 黃奎博zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Huang, Kwei-Boen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 赫克托zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Hector Ramirezen_US
dc.creator (作者) 赫克托zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Ramirez, Hectoren_US
dc.date (日期) 2022en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-Sep-2022 15:46:46 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-Sep-2022 15:46:46 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Sep-2022 15:46:46 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0109862012en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/141836-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際研究英語碩士學位學程(IMPIS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 109862012zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 以下題目為「外交政策中的文化外交:瓜地馬拉共和國個案研究」的論文是國立政治大學國際研究英語碩士學位學程的畢業論文。

此學生自2021年修習「策略溝通與文化外交」課程時開始這項研究,並在兩個學期的研究後於2022年完成。

本研究的目的是探討瓜地馬拉的文化外交在該國外交政策中的作用,並以2012年至2016年作為個案研究的期間。由於「Oxlajuj B`ak`tun」這個節日在馬雅曆法中是在這一年被慶祝,因此這是一個標誌著公眾外交,與特別是瓜地馬拉文化外交的活動。作為一個策略溝通的活動,這個文化政策是在總統奧托‧佩雷斯‧莫利納(Otto Pérez Molina)與外交部長哈羅爾多‧卡瓦列羅斯(Haroldo Caballeros)執政時期的外交政策總體架構下執行的。而這尋求將瓜地馬拉定位成一個擁有非凡文化與自然財富的國家,並由馬雅人、加里富納斯人、辛卡斯人、拉迪諾人四個族群組成,他們皆是古代文化的繼承者。

本論文共分為五個章節,第一章是有關公眾外交、軟實力,與文化外交的文獻回顧;第二章是從瓜地馬拉共和國的歷史、國際關係,與外交政策等方面針對主題的介紹;在第三章,進行了以2012年至2016年為期的瓜地馬拉共和國的個案研究;在第四章,則為瓜地馬拉共和國外交部提出基於文化外交的公眾外交提議,並在第五章中展現這項研究的結論,作為對中華民國(台灣)與瓜地馬拉共和國的學術貢獻。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The following thesis called "Cultural Diplomacy in Foreign Policy: A Case Study of the Republic of Guatemala" was carried out as a graduation project of the International Master`s Program in International Studies (IMPIS) of the College of International Affairs of the National Chengchi University in Taipei, Taiwan.


The student began this research by taking the Strategic Communication and Cultural Diplomacy course in 2021 and completed it after two semesters of research in 2022.


The purpose of this research was to explore the role that Guatemalan Cultural Diplomacy has within the country`s foreign policy, taking as a case study the period from 2012 to 2016, due to the fact that Oxlajuj B`ak`tun was celebrated this year in the Mayan calendar, this was an event that marked the Public Diplomacy and especially the Cultural Diplomacy of Guatemala, as an event of Strategic Communication, for this the Cultural Policy was carried out in the General Framework of Foreign Policy during the period of President Otto Pérez Molina and Foreign Minister Haroldo Caballeros, which sought to position Guatemala in the concert of nations as a country of extraordinary cultural and natural wealth, made up of four peoples: Mayans, Garífunas, Xincas and Ladinos, heirs of an ancient culture.


This thesis is divided into 5 chapters, the first is the literature review on Public Diplomacy, Soft Power and Cultural Diplomacy, in the second the introduction of the subject is made taking into account the history, international relations and foreign policy of the Republic of Guatemala, in the third chapter, the case study of the Republic of Guatemala is carried out for the period 2012- 2016.In the fourth chapter, a public policy proposal is made on issues of Cultural Diplomacy for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Guatemala and in the fifth chapter the conclusions of this research are disclosed as a contribution to the academy in the Republic. Of China (Taiwan) and the Republic of Guatemala.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Table of contents

Chapter 1 Introduction 7
1.1 Background, Research Motivation and Purpose of Research 7
1.2 Hypothesis: 11
1.3 Research Questions: 12
1.4 Approach: 13
1.5 Methodology 16
1.6 Organization of Chapters 17
Chapter 2 Literature Review 18
2.1 Public Diplomacy and Soft Power by Joseph S. Nye Jr: 18
2.2 Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics by Joseph S. Nye, Jr: 21
2.3 Cultural Diplomacy and the United States Government for Joseph Nye 34
Chapter 3 A Case Study of the Republic of Guatemala 42
3.1 History of the Republic of Guatemala 42
3.2 International Affairs of the Republic of Guatemala 43
3.3 The Foreign Policy of the Republic of Guatemala: 43
3.4 Justification of the Cultural Policy in the General Framework of Foreign Policy 51
3.5 Cultural Policy in the General Framework of Foreign Policy of Guatemala 56
3.6 Participating Actors: 63
3.7 Sustainability of Cultural Policy 64
Chapter 4 Proposal of Public Policy on Cultural Diplomacy 67
4.1 Cultural Diplomacy as a Tool of Foreign Policy 67
4.2 Strategic Communication Event: 71
4.3 Enrich the Proposal by Examining Spain in Guatemala. 73
4.4 Guatemalan Cultural Center 78
Chapter 5 Conclusions 86
References 93
zh_TW
dc.format.extent 973184 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109862012en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 文化外交zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 外交政策zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 瓜地馬拉共和國zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 公眾外交zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 策略溝通zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 軟實力zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) cultural diplomacyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) foreign policyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Republic of Guatemalaen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) public diplomacyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) strategic communicationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) soft poweren_US
dc.title (題名) 外交政策中的文化外交:以瓜地馬拉為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Cultural Diplomacy in Foreign Policy: A Case Study of the Republic of Guatemalaen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Official Documents of the Government of the Republic of Guatemala


• Congress of the Republic of Guatemala. (2013). The Political Constitution of the Republic of Guatemala. Guatemala City. Congress of the Republic of Guatemala.
• Congress of the Republic of Guatemala. (1997). The Law of the Executive Organ of the Republic of Guatemala. Guatemala City. Congress of the Republic of Guatemala.
• Congress of the Republic of Guatemala. (1997). The Law for the Protection of Cultural Heritage. Guatemala City. Congress of the Republic of Guatemala.
• Congress of the Republic of Guatemala. (2006). Convention for Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Decree 25-2006. Guatemala City. Congress of the Republic of Guatemala.
• Congress of the Republic of Guatemala. (1978). Convention for the Protection of the International, Cultural and Natural Heritage Decree 47-78. Guatemala City. Congress of the Republic of Guatemala.
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Guatemala. (2005). The Culture, Engine of Development, National Plan for Long- Term Cultural Development. Guatemala City. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Guatemala.
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Guatemala. (2003). Internal Organic Regulation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Guatemala. Guatemala City. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Guatemala.
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Guatemala. (2012). Cultural Policy in the General Framework of Foreign Policy of the Republic of Guatemala 2012- 2016.Guatemala City. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Guatemala.
• National Office of Civil Service. (1963). Law of the Diplomatic Service of the Republic of Guatemala. Guatemala City. National Office of Civil Service.
• Secretariat of Planning and Programming of the Presidency. (2020). General Government Plan 2020-2024. Guatemala City. Secretariat of Planning and Programming of the Presidency.
• Secretariat of Planning and Programming of the Presidency. (2020). National Development Plan: Katun, Our Guatemala 2032. Guatemala City. Secretariat of Planning and Programming of the Presidency.


Books


• Hunt, A. (2016). Public Diplomacy: What it is and how to do it. Geneve. United Nations Institute for Training and Research.
• Keohane, R. (1984). After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy. New Jersey. Princeton University Press.
• Melissen. J. (2005). The New Public Diplomacy: Soft power in international relations. The Hague. Clingendael: The Netherlands Institute of International Relations.
• Nye, J. (2004). Soft Power: The means to success in world politics. New York. Public Affairs Books.
• Organization of Iberoamerican States. (2006). Iberoamerican Cultural Charter. Madrid.
Organization of Iberoamerican States.
• Piedras. E. (2007). Guatemala: an analysis of the economic contribution of culture. Guatemala City. Cultural Editorial.
• United Nations, The. (1966). International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. New York. United Nations.
• United Nations, The. (2015). Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for the Sustainable Development. New York. United Nations.
• United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization, The. (2009). Investing in Cultural Diversity and Intercultural Dialogue: UNESCO world report. Paris. United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
• United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization, The. (1996). Report of the World Commission on Culture and Development. Paris. United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
• United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization, The. (2003). Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. Paris. United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
• United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization, The. (2005). Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions. Paris. United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
• United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization, The. (1970). Convention on the Measures to be Adopted to Prohibit and Prevent the Import, Export and Transfer of Illicit Ownership of Cultural Property. Paris. United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
• United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization, The. (1956). Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict and its implementing Regulations. Paris. United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
• United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization, The. (1995). UNIDROIT Convention in Illicitly Exported or Stolen Cultural Assets. Paris. United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
• United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization, The. (1999). Second Protocol to the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Assets in the Event of Armed Conflict. Paris. United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization.


Articles


• Baskoro. R. (2020). The Truth of Cultural Diplomacy. Jababeka. AEGIS Journal of International Relations.
• Cummings. M. (2009). Cultural Diplomacy and the United States Government: a survey. Washington. Americans for the Arts.
• Fang. Ying. Soft Power: power of attraction or confusion. London. Brunel Business School.
• Fitzpatrick, K. (2011). U. S Public Diplomacy in a Post-9/11 World: From Messaging to Mutuality. Los Angeles. USC Center on Public Diplomacy at the Annenberg School, University of Southern California.
• Gomichon. M. (2013). Joseph Nye on Soft Power. Bristol. University of the West of England, Bristol.
• Jora. L. (2013). New Practices and Trends in Culture Diplomacy. Bucharest. Romanian Academy, Institute of Political Science and International Relations.
• Nye. J. (2008) Public Diplomacy and Soft Power. Cambridge. Harvard University.
• Patalakh. A. (2016). Assessment of Soft Power Strategies: towards an aggregative Analytical model for country-focused case study research. Zagreb. Croatian International Relations Review.
• Plavsak. K. (2004). Public Diplomacy: basic concepts and trends. Ljulijana . International Institute for Middle- East and Balkan Studies.



Web Pages

• Ministry of Foreign Affairs, European Union and Cooperation. (2022). Ministry of Foreign Affairs, European Union and Cooperation Web Page. Madrid. https://www.exteriores.gob.es/en/Paginas/index.aspx
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Guatemala. (2022). Ministry of Foreign Affairs Web Page. Guatemala City. https://www.minex.gob.gt
• Ministry of Culture and Sports of the Republic of Guatemala. (2022). Ministry of Culture and Sports of the Republic of Guatemala Web Page. Guatemala City. https://mcd.gob.gt/
• Organization of Iberoamerican States for the Education, Science and Culture. (2022). Organizarion of Iberoamerican States for the Education, Science and Culture Web Page. Madrid. https://www.coe.int/en/web/cultural-routes/oei
• Royal Spanish Academy. (2022). Royal Spanish Academy Web Page. Madrid. https://www.rae.es/
• System for Central American Integration. (2022). System for Central American Integration Web Page. San Salvador. https://www.rae.es/
• Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation. (2022). Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation Web Page. Madrid. https://www.aecid.es/ES
• Spanish Cultural Center in Guatemala City. (2022). Spanish Cultural Center in Guatemala City Web Page. Guatemala City. https://cceguatemala.org/
• The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2022). The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Web Page. Paris. https://www.unesco.org/es
zh_TW
dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202201109en_US