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題名 知性謙虛對心理偏誤之影響
Exploring the Effect of Intellectual Humility on Individual’s Psychological Bias作者 温佩樺
Wen, Pei-Hua貢獻者 孫蒨如
Sun, Chien-Ru
温佩樺
Wen, Pei-Hua關鍵詞 知性謙虛
解釋深度的錯覺
心理偏誤
後見之明偏誤
自利偏誤
驗證性偏誤
Intellectual humility
Illusion of explanatory depth
Psychological bias
Hindsight bias
Self-serving bias
Confirmation bias日期 2022 上傳時間 5-Oct-2022 09:10:57 (UTC+8) 摘要 「知性謙虛」（intellectual humility）指的是個體認知到自己的某種信念有可能是錯誤的，並且注意到不管是在該信念的證據基礎上或是個人在獲取和評估相關資訊上都有其侷限性。目前知性謙虛在心理學領域中主要被視為一種性格傾向來測量，然而有些研究者則認為知性謙虛是可以被誘發的，但卻鮮少有研究對此加以探討。另外，先前也有研究者認為知性謙虛應可降低心理偏誤，但也同樣缺乏實證研究的支持。基於上述的不足之處，本研究主要目的之一在於透過實驗的方式，探討是否有可能誘發個體的知性謙虛。另一目的則是透過誘發知性謙虛，進一步來檢驗其對於心理偏誤之影響，並檢驗其可能的中介機制。研究一嘗試採用解釋深度的錯覺的派典來誘發知性謙虛。結果發現相較於未誘發組，誘發組確實可以讓受試者出現知性謙虛的狀態，使其自評對公共議題的理解程度降低。研究二則透過誘發知性謙虛來比較誘發組和未誘發組在後見之明偏誤和自利偏誤上的差異，結果發現誘發知性謙虛組的受試者的後見之明偏誤確實顯著較低。研究三嘗試探討誘發知性謙虛對驗證性偏誤的影響，但研究結果並未發現誘發組和未誘發組在驗證性偏誤的程度上有顯著差異。此外，本研究亦針對知性謙虛影響心理偏誤之可能途徑進行探討，研究結果中並未發現認知自我評價或系統性思考的中介效果。本研究針對結果之意涵進行討論並對後續研究提出相關建議。
Although intellectual humility has been primarily conceptualized as a personality disposition in previous studies, some researchers believe that intellectual humility can be induced, but few studies have explored it. In addition, some researchers have suggested that intellectual humility can reduce psychological biases, but it also lacks the support of empirical research. Therefore, main goal of this study is to induce individuals` intellectual humility through experimental manipulation. Another goal is to explore the effect of induced intellectual humility on psychological bias, and to examine its possible mediating mechanism. Study 1 tried to induce intellectual humility using the paradigm of the illusion of explanatory depth. The results showed that compared with the non-induced condition, participants in the induced condition did show intellectually humility, and their self-reported understanding of public issues decreased. Study 2 compared the differences in hindsight bias and self-serving bias between the induced intellectual humility condition and the non-induced condition, and found that the participants in the induced intellectual humility condition did have significantly lower hindsight bias. Study 3 attempted to explore the effect of induced intellectual humility on confirmation bias, but the results did not find significant differences in confirmation bias between the induced group and the non-induced group. Furthermore, this study also explored the mediating pathway of the influence of intellectual humility on psychological bias. The results did not find the mediating effect of cognitive self-evaluation or systematic thinking. Implications of the results and suggestions for future research were also discussed.參考文獻 朱真茹、楊國樞（1976）：〈個人現代性與相對作業量對報酬分配行為的影響〉。《中央研究院民族學研究所集刊》，41，79-95。米建國（2014）：〈兩種德性知識論：知識的本質、價值與懷疑論〉。《世界哲學》，5，21-32。林建福（2019）：〈Ernest Sosa德行可靠論（Virtue Reliabilism）與教育知識論的哲學探究〉。《教育研究集刊》，65，1-38。孫蒨如、林慧慈、洪嘉欣（2017）：〈當自我資源耗竭面對維持正向自我評價需求時：自我調控的啟動與運作〉。《中華心理學刊》，59，163-181。廖玲燕（2000）：《台灣本土社會讚許量表之編製及其心理歷程分析》（未出版碩士論文），國立臺灣大學。葉力綺、許功餘（2019）：〈華人開放性與畫作偏好之關係：以認知閉合需求為中介〉。《本土心理學研究》，52，173-225。蔡政宏（2014）：〈荀子與德性知識論〉。《哲學與文化》，41，121-142。Alfano, M., Iurino, K., Stey, P., Robinson, B., Christen, M., Yu, F., & Lapsley, D. (2017). Development and validation of a multi-dimensional measure of intellectual humility. PloS One, 12, e0182950. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0182950Armor, D. A., & Taylor, S. E. (2002). When predictions fail: The dilemma of unrealistic optimism. In T. Gilovich, D. Griffin, & D. Kahneman (Eds.), Heuristics and biases: The psychology of intuitive judgment (pp. 334-347). 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國立政治大學
心理學系
106752016資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106752016 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 孫蒨如 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Sun, Chien-Ru en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 温佩樺 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Wen, Pei-Hua en_US dc.creator (作者) 温佩樺 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Wen, Pei-Hua en_US dc.date (日期) 2022 en_US dc.date.accessioned 5-Oct-2022 09:10:57 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 5-Oct-2022 09:10:57 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 5-Oct-2022 09:10:57 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0106752016 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/142109 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 心理學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 106752016 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 「知性謙虛」（intellectual humility）指的是個體認知到自己的某種信念有可能是錯誤的，並且注意到不管是在該信念的證據基礎上或是個人在獲取和評估相關資訊上都有其侷限性。目前知性謙虛在心理學領域中主要被視為一種性格傾向來測量，然而有些研究者則認為知性謙虛是可以被誘發的，但卻鮮少有研究對此加以探討。另外，先前也有研究者認為知性謙虛應可降低心理偏誤，但也同樣缺乏實證研究的支持。基於上述的不足之處，本研究主要目的之一在於透過實驗的方式，探討是否有可能誘發個體的知性謙虛。另一目的則是透過誘發知性謙虛，進一步來檢驗其對於心理偏誤之影響，並檢驗其可能的中介機制。研究一嘗試採用解釋深度的錯覺的派典來誘發知性謙虛。結果發現相較於未誘發組，誘發組確實可以讓受試者出現知性謙虛的狀態，使其自評對公共議題的理解程度降低。研究二則透過誘發知性謙虛來比較誘發組和未誘發組在後見之明偏誤和自利偏誤上的差異，結果發現誘發知性謙虛組的受試者的後見之明偏誤確實顯著較低。研究三嘗試探討誘發知性謙虛對驗證性偏誤的影響，但研究結果並未發現誘發組和未誘發組在驗證性偏誤的程度上有顯著差異。此外，本研究亦針對知性謙虛影響心理偏誤之可能途徑進行探討，研究結果中並未發現認知自我評價或系統性思考的中介效果。本研究針對結果之意涵進行討論並對後續研究提出相關建議。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Although intellectual humility has been primarily conceptualized as a personality disposition in previous studies, some researchers believe that intellectual humility can be induced, but few studies have explored it. In addition, some researchers have suggested that intellectual humility can reduce psychological biases, but it also lacks the support of empirical research. Therefore, main goal of this study is to induce individuals` intellectual humility through experimental manipulation. Another goal is to explore the effect of induced intellectual humility on psychological bias, and to examine its possible mediating mechanism. Study 1 tried to induce intellectual humility using the paradigm of the illusion of explanatory depth. The results showed that compared with the non-induced condition, participants in the induced condition did show intellectually humility, and their self-reported understanding of public issues decreased. Study 2 compared the differences in hindsight bias and self-serving bias between the induced intellectual humility condition and the non-induced condition, and found that the participants in the induced intellectual humility condition did have significantly lower hindsight bias. Study 3 attempted to explore the effect of induced intellectual humility on confirmation bias, but the results did not find significant differences in confirmation bias between the induced group and the non-induced group. Furthermore, this study also explored the mediating pathway of the influence of intellectual humility on psychological bias. The results did not find the mediating effect of cognitive self-evaluation or systematic thinking. Implications of the results and suggestions for future research were also discussed. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論........................................1 第一節 知性謙虛（Intellectual humility）..........2 第二節 知性謙虛可能的心理機制.....................14 第三節 研究目的與假設.............................18第二章 研究一......................................22 第一節 預試......................................23 第二節 正式研究...................................25 第三節 研究結果...................................32第三章 研究二.......................................39 第一節 研究方法...................................39 第二節 研究結果...................................47第四章 研究三.......................................59 第一節 研究方法...................................59 第二節 研究結果...................................65第五章 討論及未來研究建議............................82參考文獻............................................92附錄...............................................101 zh_TW dc.format.extent 4920130 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106752016 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 知性謙虛 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 解釋深度的錯覺 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 心理偏誤 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 後見之明偏誤 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 自利偏誤 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 驗證性偏誤 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Intellectual humility en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Illusion of explanatory depth en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Psychological bias en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Hindsight bias en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Self-serving bias en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Confirmation bias en_US dc.title (題名) 知性謙虛對心理偏誤之影響 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Exploring the Effect of Intellectual Humility on Individual’s Psychological Bias en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 朱真茹、楊國樞（1976）：〈個人現代性與相對作業量對報酬分配行為的影響〉。《中央研究院民族學研究所集刊》，41，79-95。米建國（2014）：〈兩種德性知識論：知識的本質、價值與懷疑論〉。《世界哲學》，5，21-32。林建福（2019）：〈Ernest Sosa德行可靠論（Virtue Reliabilism）與教育知識論的哲學探究〉。《教育研究集刊》，65，1-38。孫蒨如、林慧慈、洪嘉欣（2017）：〈當自我資源耗竭面對維持正向自我評價需求時：自我調控的啟動與運作〉。《中華心理學刊》，59，163-181。廖玲燕（2000）：《台灣本土社會讚許量表之編製及其心理歷程分析》（未出版碩士論文），國立臺灣大學。葉力綺、許功餘（2019）：〈華人開放性與畫作偏好之關係：以認知閉合需求為中介〉。《本土心理學研究》，52，173-225。蔡政宏（2014）：〈荀子與德性知識論〉。《哲學與文化》，41，121-142。Alfano, M., Iurino, K., Stey, P., Robinson, B., Christen, M., Yu, F., & Lapsley, D. 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