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題名 從排放權交易機制之訴訟論如何精進排放權交易機制之設計要素
How to Improve the Design Elements of an Emissions Trading Scheme from the Experiences of Lawsuits Relating to Emissions Trading Schemes作者 李昀蓁
Li, Yun-Chen貢獻者 施文真
Shih, Wen Chen
李昀蓁
Li, Yun-Chen關鍵詞 京都議定書
巴黎協定
排放權交易機制
排放權交易機制設計要素
核配量
氣候訴訟
抵換
Kyoto Protocol
Paris Agreement
Emissions Trading Scheme
Design Features of Emissions Trading Scheme
Allowance
Climate Litigation
Offset日期 2022 上傳時間 5-Oct-2022 09:17:29 (UTC+8) 摘要 自1997年通過「京都議定書」以來，附錄一締約國為了達成其於議定書下之減排承諾，皆致力透過推行國內環境政策以達減排目標，而排放權交易機制便是其中一有力政策工具，其中又以「排放上限與交易」之類型為最常被使用。根據世界銀行發布之《碳排放交易機制設計手冊與指南》，在「排放上限與交易」類型下之設計要素主要有適用範圍與排放上限、分配核配量、遵循制度、彈性制度、連結制度等。每個設計要素都因不同國家、區域之排放權交易機制而產生不同的特性與問題。本文透過與排放權交易機制設計要素有關之訴訟，整理各個不同設計要素在不同國家、區域下之排放權交易機制被控訴的原因與法院見解，發覺目前難以用一個完美框架去適用各國之排放權交易機制，原因在於排放權交易機制設計本身須配合國家與區域的獨特性，故難以用統一形式做設計。不過藉由過往訴訟經驗，仍能提供未來欲建立排放權交易機制之政策制定者相關想法與建議，避免再次發生同類型之訴訟。
Since the adoption of the "Kyoto Protocol" in 1997, the contracting parties have committed to achieving emission reduction targets through the implementation of domestic environmental policies for their nationally determined contributions. Emissions trading mechanism is one of the powerful policy tools, especially "cap and trade" type is the most commonly used. According to《Emissions Trading in Practice：A Handbook on Design and Implementation》issued by the World Bank, the design features under the " cap and trade" type mainly include scope and cap, allocation allowance, compliance, flexibility and linking etc. Each design feature has different characteristics and problems due to ETS in different countries and regions.Through the litigation related to the design elements of the emission trading mechanism, this paper sorted out the reasons why ETSs with different design elements were sued in different countries and regions and the opinions of the courts, and found that it was difficult to use a perfect framework to apply ETS of various countries. The reason is that design ETS must match the uniqueness of the country and region, so it is difficult to design with a unified form. However, based on litigation experiences, they can still provide relevant ideas and suggestions for policy makers who want to establish ETS in the future, so as to avoid the recurrence of similar lawsuits.參考文獻 中文文獻法規、修正草案、行政函釋《溫室氣體減量及管理法》《第一批應盤查登錄溫室氣體排放量之排放源》，https://ghgrule.epa.gov.tw/admin/resource/files/06_第一批應盤查登錄溫室氣體排放量之排放源總說明及逐條說明(1050117).pdf。「溫室氣體減量及管理法修正草案（氣候變遷因應法草案）」，https://enews.epa.gov.tw/DisplayFile.aspx?FileID=26E59EF644F21D93。行政院環保署，環署毒字第1070010241號函。行政院環保署，環署毒字第1060090521號函。專書葉至誠、葉立誠（2011年），研究方法與論文寫作，3版，鼎商出版社。期刊論文林春元（2022年），全球淨零排放趨勢下，企業的因應與法律佈局，當代法律，5期，頁14-20。施文真（2008年），由交易單位之法律性質重新檢視排放權交易制度與WTO之關係，政大法學評論，第105期，頁121-215。施文真（2019年），巴黎協定對排放權交易制度之連結所可能帶來之影響：由下而上或由上而下的管制工具?，月旦法學雜誌：環境法特刊，頁39-72。施文真（2009年），溫室氣體減量法草案簡評──以排放權交易為主要分析對象，月旦法學雜誌，174期，頁47-68。葉俊榮等（2015年），溫減法，然後呢？──法律學者評新通過溫減法，月旦法學雜誌，245期，頁52-73。劉哲良（2015年），台灣碳交易：現況與展望，經濟前瞻，159期，頁17-21。碩博士論文鐘苡甄（2021年），碳排放權交易制度下之登錄處立法研究——以歐盟登錄處及其碳市場犯罪為例，國立政治大學國際經營與貿易學系碩士論文。網際網路王敏旭，修法拚減碳！《氣候變遷法》有隱憂，今日新聞，2022年7月28日，https://tw.sports.yahoo.com/news/修法拚減碳-氣候變遷法-有隱憂-040017711.html（最後瀏覽日：2022年8月28日）。李昀蓁，歐洲人權法院出現首起氣候訴訟，政治大學國際經貿組織暨法律研究中心經貿法訊，第 275 期 ，http://www.tradelaw.nccu.edu.tw/epaper/no275/4.pdf(最後瀏覽日:2022年7月14日)。李佳穎，應有共識的氣候法仍搞不定四大爭議讓朝野在議場外續角力，風傳媒，2022年5月26日，https://new7.storm.mg/article/4347502（最後瀏覽日：2022年8月28日）。孫文臨，【研商氣候法】環署擬請金融機構主責「碳交易」 金管會反對，環境資訊中心，2021年1月12日，https://e-info.org.tw/node/228994。郭家宏，台積電也大聲呼籲，碳交易有多重要？李堅明：它攸關台灣供應鏈成本競爭力，風傳媒，2022年4月15日，https://www.storm.mg/article/4288232?page=2。國家發展委員會，臺灣2050淨零排放路徑及策略總說明，2022 年 3 月 30 日， https://ws.ndc.gov.tw/Download.ashx?u=LzAwMS9hZG1pbmlzdHJhdG9yLzEwL3JlbGZpbGUvMC8xNDc2Mi8yZGM3MWIwMC1iMWQxLTRhZWQtYWYwYS0wMjhmYzVjMjlmNjYucGRm&n=6Ie654GjMjA1MOa3qOmbtuaOkuaUvui3r%2bW%2bkeWPiuetlueVpee4veiqquaYji5wZGY%3d&icon=..pdf。（最後瀏覽日:2022年7月14日）環保署說明碳費徵收規劃，行政院環境保護署，2021年11月20日，https://enews.epa.gov.tw/Page/3B3C62C78849F32F/eda88f0a-b3d0-4b10-a25b-1b2eddfd935d（最後瀏覽日：2022年3月25日）英文文獻國際協定Agreement Between the European Union and the Swiss Confederation on the Linking of Their Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading Systems, 2017 O.J. 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國立政治大學
國際經營與貿易學系
109351044資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109351044 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 施文真 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Shih, Wen Chen en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 李昀蓁 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Li, Yun-Chen en_US dc.creator (作者) 李昀蓁 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Li, Yun-Chen en_US dc.date (日期) 2022 en_US dc.date.accessioned 5-Oct-2022 09:17:29 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 5-Oct-2022 09:17:29 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 5-Oct-2022 09:17:29 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0109351044 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/142134 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國際經營與貿易學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 109351044 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 自1997年通過「京都議定書」以來，附錄一締約國為了達成其於議定書下之減排承諾，皆致力透過推行國內環境政策以達減排目標，而排放權交易機制便是其中一有力政策工具，其中又以「排放上限與交易」之類型為最常被使用。根據世界銀行發布之《碳排放交易機制設計手冊與指南》，在「排放上限與交易」類型下之設計要素主要有適用範圍與排放上限、分配核配量、遵循制度、彈性制度、連結制度等。每個設計要素都因不同國家、區域之排放權交易機制而產生不同的特性與問題。本文透過與排放權交易機制設計要素有關之訴訟，整理各個不同設計要素在不同國家、區域下之排放權交易機制被控訴的原因與法院見解，發覺目前難以用一個完美框架去適用各國之排放權交易機制，原因在於排放權交易機制設計本身須配合國家與區域的獨特性，故難以用統一形式做設計。不過藉由過往訴訟經驗，仍能提供未來欲建立排放權交易機制之政策制定者相關想法與建議，避免再次發生同類型之訴訟。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Since the adoption of the "Kyoto Protocol" in 1997, the contracting parties have committed to achieving emission reduction targets through the implementation of domestic environmental policies for their nationally determined contributions. Emissions trading mechanism is one of the powerful policy tools, especially "cap and trade" type is the most commonly used. According to《Emissions Trading in Practice：A Handbook on Design and Implementation》issued by the World Bank, the design features under the " cap and trade" type mainly include scope and cap, allocation allowance, compliance, flexibility and linking etc. Each design feature has different characteristics and problems due to ETS in different countries and regions.Through the litigation related to the design elements of the emission trading mechanism, this paper sorted out the reasons why ETSs with different design elements were sued in different countries and regions and the opinions of the courts, and found that it was difficult to use a perfect framework to apply ETS of various countries. The reason is that design ETS must match the uniqueness of the country and region, so it is difficult to design with a unified form. However, based on litigation experiences, they can still provide relevant ideas and suggestions for policy makers who want to establish ETS in the future, so as to avoid the recurrence of similar lawsuits. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第壹章 緒論 1第一節 研究動機與目的 1第二節 研究架構與範圍 2第三節 研究方法與限制 3第貳章 排放權交易制度及其設計要素 5第一節 排放權交易制度之介紹 5第一項 歷史與理論基礎 5第二項 制度類型 6第二節 排放上限與交易制度設計要素介紹 7第一項 決定適用的範圍與排放(量)上限 8第二項 分配核配量 11第三項 相關遵循制度 12第四項 彈性制度 14第五項 連結 18第三節 小結 22第參章 氣候訴訟與排放權交易訴訟之現存概況 23第一節 簡介氣候訴訟 23第二節 現有的排放權交易訴訟 26第一項 與適用範圍與排放量上限有關的訴訟 27第二項 與分配核配量方式有關的訴訟35第三項 與遵循制度有關的訴訟 40第四項 與彈性制度有關的訴訟 44第五項 與連結制度有關的訴訟 46第三節 小結 48第肆章 從現有的排放權交易訴訟分析排放權制度設計要素之相關問題 50第一節 從不同面向討論相關設計要素 50第一項 從數量論適用範圍與排放量上限及分配核配量方式 51第二項 從參與者的權利義務關係論遵循制度 54第三項 從發展趨勢論彈性制度與連結制度 56第二節 對我國排放權交易制度的政策與立法建議 59第一項 我國的氣候政策 59第二項 對我國排放權交易制度的政策與立法建議 63第三節 小結 71第伍章 結論 72參考文獻 74「附錄:ETS 訴訟案例之整理」(依照最終判決年份由近至遠排序) 85 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2236081 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109351044 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 京都議定書 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 巴黎協定 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 排放權交易機制 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 排放權交易機制設計要素 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 核配量 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 氣候訴訟 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 抵換 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Kyoto Protocol en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Paris Agreement en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Emissions Trading Scheme en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Design Features of Emissions Trading Scheme en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Allowance en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Climate Litigation en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Offset en_US dc.title (題名) 從排放權交易機制之訴訟論如何精進排放權交易機制之設計要素 zh_TW dc.title (題名) How to Improve the Design Elements of an Emissions Trading Scheme from the Experiences of Lawsuits Relating to Emissions Trading Schemes en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文文獻法規、修正草案、行政函釋《溫室氣體減量及管理法》《第一批應盤查登錄溫室氣體排放量之排放源》，https://ghgrule.epa.gov.tw/admin/resource/files/06_第一批應盤查登錄溫室氣體排放量之排放源總說明及逐條說明(1050117).pdf。「溫室氣體減量及管理法修正草案（氣候變遷因應法草案）」，https://enews.epa.gov.tw/DisplayFile.aspx?FileID=26E59EF644F21D93。行政院環保署，環署毒字第1070010241號函。行政院環保署，環署毒字第1060090521號函。專書葉至誠、葉立誠（2011年），研究方法與論文寫作，3版，鼎商出版社。期刊論文林春元（2022年），全球淨零排放趨勢下，企業的因應與法律佈局，當代法律，5期，頁14-20。施文真（2008年），由交易單位之法律性質重新檢視排放權交易制度與WTO之關係，政大法學評論，第105期，頁121-215。施文真（2019年），巴黎協定對排放權交易制度之連結所可能帶來之影響：由下而上或由上而下的管制工具?，月旦法學雜誌：環境法特刊，頁39-72。施文真（2009年），溫室氣體減量法草案簡評──以排放權交易為主要分析對象，月旦法學雜誌，174期，頁47-68。葉俊榮等（2015年），溫減法，然後呢？──法律學者評新通過溫減法，月旦法學雜誌，245期，頁52-73。劉哲良（2015年），台灣碳交易：現況與展望，經濟前瞻，159期，頁17-21。碩博士論文鐘苡甄（2021年），碳排放權交易制度下之登錄處立法研究——以歐盟登錄處及其碳市場犯罪為例，國立政治大學國際經營與貿易學系碩士論文。網際網路王敏旭，修法拚減碳！《氣候變遷法》有隱憂，今日新聞，2022年7月28日，https://tw.sports.yahoo.com/news/修法拚減碳-氣候變遷法-有隱憂-040017711.html（最後瀏覽日：2022年8月28日）。李昀蓁，歐洲人權法院出現首起氣候訴訟，政治大學國際經貿組織暨法律研究中心經貿法訊，第 275 期 ，http://www.tradelaw.nccu.edu.tw/epaper/no275/4.pdf(最後瀏覽日:2022年7月14日)。李佳穎，應有共識的氣候法仍搞不定四大爭議讓朝野在議場外續角力，風傳媒，2022年5月26日，https://new7.storm.mg/article/4347502（最後瀏覽日：2022年8月28日）。孫文臨，【研商氣候法】環署擬請金融機構主責「碳交易」 金管會反對，環境資訊中心，2021年1月12日，https://e-info.org.tw/node/228994。郭家宏，台積電也大聲呼籲，碳交易有多重要？李堅明：它攸關台灣供應鏈成本競爭力，風傳媒，2022年4月15日，https://www.storm.mg/article/4288232?page=2。國家發展委員會，臺灣2050淨零排放路徑及策略總說明，2022 年 3 月 30 日， https://ws.ndc.gov.tw/Download.ashx?u=LzAwMS9hZG1pbmlzdHJhdG9yLzEwL3JlbGZpbGUvMC8xNDc2Mi8yZGM3MWIwMC1iMWQxLTRhZWQtYWYwYS0wMjhmYzVjMjlmNjYucGRm&n=6Ie654GjMjA1MOa3qOmbtuaOkuaUvui3r%2bW%2bkeWPiuetlueVpee4veiqquaYji5wZGY%3d&icon=..pdf。（最後瀏覽日:2022年7月14日）環保署說明碳費徵收規劃，行政院環境保護署，2021年11月20日，https://enews.epa.gov.tw/Page/3B3C62C78849F32F/eda88f0a-b3d0-4b10-a25b-1b2eddfd935d（最後瀏覽日：2022年3月25日）英文文獻國際協定Agreement Between the European Union and the Swiss Confederation on the Linking of Their Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading Systems, 2017 O.J. 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