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題名 中國一帶一路大外宣對馬來西亞海外華人社會離散民族主義再現之影響
The Effects of the Chinese Party-State’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) Propaganda on the Resurgence of Diasporic Nationalism Among the Overseas Chinese Communities in Malaysia
作者 羅奕恆
Loh, Yiheng
貢獻者 方孝謙
Fong, Shiaw-Chian
羅奕恆
Loh, Yiheng
關鍵詞 馬來西亞華人民族主義
一帶一路
海外統一戰線工作
海外華人
離散民族主義
遠距離民族主義
歐裔民族主義
Malaysian Chinese Nationalism
Belt and Road Initiative
Overseas United Front Work
Chinese diaspora
Diasporic nationalism
Long-distance nationalism
Creole nationalism
日期 2022
上傳時間 5-Oct-2022 09:29:10 (UTC+8)
摘要 本論文探討中國一帶一路（BRI）大外宣如何影響馬來西亞華人（馬華）社會的離散民族主義之再現。早於1957年的離散民族主義，也就是遠距離民族主義，在BRI開展之前（1957-2012）遭到壓制。這期間馬華身份認同也從中國認同轉為本土認同。自從2013年BRI開始後，在中國的介入下，馬華内部因身份認同分歧（中國或本土）而產生的兩個意識形態陣營之間開始爭論不休。原先式微的離散民族主義，再次以具有中國認同的「馬來西亞華人民族主義」呈現出來，其特色接近數世紀前的歐裔民族主義。本論文辯稱BRI大外宣顛倒了Anderson（1983）的民族主義歷史系譜，因為馬華的離散民族主義從BRI之前的遠距離民族主義轉變成了BRI之後的馬來西亞華人民族主義，也就是歐裔民族主義的翻版。馬華係獨立民族，其身份認同有別於馬來族和中國公民。
The thesis examines the effects of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) propaganda on the resurgence of diasporic nationalism among Malaysian Chinese communities. The original diasporic nationalism (pre-1957), in the form of long-distance nationalism, was suppressed during the period before BRI (1957-2012), where the identity orientation among Malaysian Chinese switched from China to Malaysia. After the BRI was launched in Malaysia since 2013, the debates of identity crisis between the two ideological camps (sinocentric versus localized) of Malaysian Chinese have been intensified with China’s involvement. The diasporic nationalism oriented towards China has resurged in the form of “Malaysian Chinese nationalism,” which resembles creole nationalism observed centuries ago. The thesis asserts that the BRI propaganda has reversed the chronological sequence of the history of nationalism trend as proposed by Anderson (1983), because the diasporic nationalism among Malaysian Chinese has changed from long-distance nationalism (before BRI) to creole nationalism (after BRI). Malaysian Chinese nationalist identity is distinct from both the Malays’ and China’s.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)
108461014
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108461014
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 方孝謙zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Fong, Shiaw-Chianen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 羅奕恆zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Loh, Yihengen_US
dc.creator (作者) 羅奕恆zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Loh, Yihengen_US
dc.date (日期) 2022en_US
dc.date.accessioned 5-Oct-2022 09:29:10 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 5-Oct-2022 09:29:10 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 5-Oct-2022 09:29:10 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0108461014en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/142181-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 108461014zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本論文探討中國一帶一路（BRI）大外宣如何影響馬來西亞華人（馬華）社會的離散民族主義之再現。早於1957年的離散民族主義，也就是遠距離民族主義，在BRI開展之前（1957-2012）遭到壓制。這期間馬華身份認同也從中國認同轉為本土認同。自從2013年BRI開始後，在中國的介入下，馬華内部因身份認同分歧（中國或本土）而產生的兩個意識形態陣營之間開始爭論不休。原先式微的離散民族主義，再次以具有中國認同的「馬來西亞華人民族主義」呈現出來，其特色接近數世紀前的歐裔民族主義。本論文辯稱BRI大外宣顛倒了Anderson（1983）的民族主義歷史系譜，因為馬華的離散民族主義從BRI之前的遠距離民族主義轉變成了BRI之後的馬來西亞華人民族主義，也就是歐裔民族主義的翻版。馬華係獨立民族，其身份認同有別於馬來族和中國公民。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The thesis examines the effects of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) propaganda on the resurgence of diasporic nationalism among Malaysian Chinese communities. The original diasporic nationalism (pre-1957), in the form of long-distance nationalism, was suppressed during the period before BRI (1957-2012), where the identity orientation among Malaysian Chinese switched from China to Malaysia. After the BRI was launched in Malaysia since 2013, the debates of identity crisis between the two ideological camps (sinocentric versus localized) of Malaysian Chinese have been intensified with China’s involvement. The diasporic nationalism oriented towards China has resurged in the form of “Malaysian Chinese nationalism,” which resembles creole nationalism observed centuries ago. The thesis asserts that the BRI propaganda has reversed the chronological sequence of the history of nationalism trend as proposed by Anderson (1983), because the diasporic nationalism among Malaysian Chinese has changed from long-distance nationalism (before BRI) to creole nationalism (after BRI). Malaysian Chinese nationalist identity is distinct from both the Malays’ and China’s.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents a. Cover
b. Title page i
c. Secondary title page ii
d. Acknowledgement iii
e. Abstract iv
f. Table of contents v
g. List of figures and tables x
h. Thesis 1
1. Introduction 1
1.1 Notes on Terminology 4 1.2 Research Interest and Motivation 5
1.2.1 General 5
1.2.2 Personal 6
2. The Relevant Theories and Three Background Issues 7
2.1 The First Issue (Internal) - Malaysian Chinese Relationship
with the Malaysian Malays - The Social Identity Theory 9
2.1.1 The Social Identity Theory 9
2.1.2 Malaysian Chinese Relationship with the Malaysian
Malays 10
2.1.2.1 A Brief History of Malaysian Chinese 10
2.1.2.2 The Historic Bargain on Unequal
Citizenship Rights 11
2.1.2.3 Identity Crisis Resulted from Conversion
of Nationality and Citizenship 12
2.2 The Second Issue (Internal) - The Ideological Division
Among Malaysian Chinese 13
2.2.1 Localized Malaysian Chinese - Malay Cultural Hegemony 14
2.2.1.1 Malay Cultural Hegemony 14
2.2.1.2 Localized Malaysian Chinese 17
2.2.2 Sinocentric Malaysian Chinese - Diasporic Nationalism/
Overseas Chinese Nationalism and
Minority Nationalism/Malaysian Chinese Nationalism 18
2.2.2.1 Diaspora 18
2.2.2.2 Nationalism 18
2.2.2.3 Diasporic Nationalism 19
2.2.2.4 Diasporic Nationalism
- Overseas Chinese Nationalism 20
2.2.2.5 Minority Nationalism 21
2.2.2.6 Minority Nationalism
- Malaysian Chinese Nationalism 22
2.2.2.7 Sinocentric Malaysian Chinese 23
2.3 The Third Issue (External) - The Recent Rise of China
Whereby the Previously “Imagined Homeland” is
Accessible Again - Sharp Power, Cultivation Theory,
and International Discursive Power 25
2.3.1 China’s Exercise of Sharp Power 27
2.3.2 The Cultivation Theory and Sharp Power 28
2.3.3 International Discursive Power and Sharp Power 29
2.3.4 China’s BRI Propaganda Efforts Directed Towards
Overseas Chinese 31
3. Research Objective and Methodology 33
3.1 Parameters and Criteria 35
3.2 Research Procedures 38
4. Results and Findings 39
4.1 The Original Diasporic Nationalism Before 1957 Malayan
Independence 39
4.1.1 Formation of a Uniform Diasporic Chinese Identity
in Malaya in Conjunction with the Unified Chinese
National Identity in China 40
4.2 The Suppression of Diasporic Nationalism Before BRI
(1957-2012) 42
4.2.1 The De-Sinicization Program During British Rule and
Malay Rule 44
4.2.2 The Uneasy Malay-Chinese Ethnic Relation 46
4.2.3 Conflicts Between Malaysian Identity and
Chinese Identity due to the Status as a
Discriminated Ethnic Minority 47
4.2.4 Oppression Imposed by the Power of the State Regime 49
4.3 The Resurgence of Diasporic Nationalism After BRI
(2013 onwards) 51
4.3.1 The PRC Viewpoint on Overseas Chinese 53
4.3.2 Overseas Chinese Nationalism as a Form of
Diasporic Nationalism has Always Been a Major
Component of Modern Chinese Nationalism 55
4.3.3 The Strong Present Connection Between Malaysian
Chinese and China 60
4.3.4 The Rise of “Chinese Glue,” the Resurgence of
Overseas Chinese Nationalism as a Positive Reaction
Towards China’s Propaganda 68
4.4 The Main Arguments of the Debate Between the Two
Camps of Malaysian Chinese 71
4.4.1 China’s BRI Propaganda is Supported by the Second
Camp of Sinocentric Malaysian Chinese 75
4.4.2 China’s BRI Propaganda is Opposed by the First
Camp of Localized Malaysian Chinese 78
4.4.3 The Divergence in the Historiography of Malaysian
Chinese 83
4.4.4 The Divergence in the Viewpoints of Both Camps
in Relation to Post-BRI Events 84
4.4.4.1 Hong Kong Protests Against
China’s Government 84
4.4.4.2 Local Malaysian Protests Against the
Malaysian Government 85
4.4.4.3 The Issues of Ethnic Uighur Minority
in China 85
4.4.4.4 The South China Sea Dispute 86
4.4.4.5 COVID-19 86
4.4.4.6 The Standardization of Chinese
Language in Malaysia 87
4.5 Discussion and Research Contribution, i.e., “the Surprises” 88
4.5.1 Cultural Subjectivity 91
4.6 Establishing the New Concept of
“Malaysian Chinese Nationalism” 93
4.6.1 Creole Nationalism 95
5. Conclusion 99
5.1 Diasporic Nationalism Changed from
Long-Distance Nationalism to Creole Nationalism 102
k. References 105
l. Back cover		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1867321 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108461014en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 馬來西亞華人民族主義zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 一帶一路zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 海外統一戰線工作zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 海外華人zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 離散民族主義zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 遠距離民族主義zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 歐裔民族主義zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Malaysian Chinese Nationalismen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Belt and Road Initiativeen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Overseas United Front Worken_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Chinese diasporaen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Diasporic nationalismen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Long-distance nationalismen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Creole nationalismen_US
dc.title (題名) 中國一帶一路大外宣對馬來西亞海外華人社會離散民族主義再現之影響zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Effects of the Chinese Party-State’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) Propaganda on the Resurgence of Diasporic Nationalism Among the Overseas Chinese Communities in Malaysiaen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
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dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202201637en_US