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題名 香港國家安全法及其對當地記者工作動機之影響
Hong Kong’s National Security Law and Its Impact on Local Reporters’ Work Motivations
作者 葛芮晴
McKibben-Greene, Maddox
貢獻者 陳憶寧
Chen, Yi-Ning (Katherine)
葛芮晴
McKibben-Greene, Maddox
關鍵詞 國家安全法
香港
記者
抗議
動機理論
National security law
Hong Kong
Journalists
Protests
Motivation theory
日期 2022
上傳時間 5-Oct-2022 09:30:06 (UTC+8)
摘要 自 2020 年 6 月頒布《香港國安法》（NSL）以來，在這一年半，其對整個地區獨立新聞編輯室的寒蟬影響變得越來越明顯。 曾為亞太地區追求新聞自由的香港，已經失去包含 《蘋果日報》和《立場新聞》等獨立新聞媒體，更導致為數眾多的外國和當地記者失業，同時擔心他們自身的安全 。NSL訂定四項基本「反國家罪」— 分裂主義、顛覆、恐怖主義和勾結外國勢力，已使該地區的民主派和獨立記者受到恐嚇和逮捕，讓香港的新聞自由度成為近幾十年來的最低。

在 NSL 鎮壓期間（截至2021年9月），已超過九萬的香港人逃離該地區，其中多數人移轉至英國。本論文的研究動機起因於當地記者，由於在工作上日益漸增的困難以及不確定性，而離開該地區。 在本文中，作者對六名香港記者進行半結構化的深度訪談，試圖深入了解他們在工作條件越來越嚴苛與危險的狀況下，仍選擇留在香港的動機。 該訪談依據麥克萊蘭的人類動機理論和弗魯姆的期望理論進行訪談問題建構，並藉此協助分析記者的內部動機（包括對成就的需求和對未來的個人預測）和外部動機（社會關係）。

本論文分析訪談的結果顯示：（1）駐港記者具備一種內在的責任感，認為有義務要留下來繼續工作。一方面，延續被迫離開同事或朋友的工作；另一方面則試圖阻止自身被專制的聲音所取代。(2) 堅持記者工作必須透過「身立其境」、或相當接近報導來源，才能作為撰寫新聞的關鍵方法； (3) 總體而言，留港記者對於香港日益惡化的新聞自由度，無論個人或集體層面，能產生影響的能力並不感到樂觀； (4) 社交和專業網絡同時深刻影響記者，認為自己有義務繼續留在香港。
In the year and a half since the June 2020 enactment of the Hong Kong National security law (NSL), its chilling impact on independent newsrooms across the region has only become increasingly prominent. Once a bastion of press freedom in the Asia-Pacific, Hong Kong has now lost its largest independent news outlets, including Apple Daily in June 2021 and Stand News in December 2021, putting many foreign and local reporters out of work and in fear for their personal safety. The NSL`s four basic “crimes against the state” – separatism, subversion, terrorism, and colluding with foreign forces – have also allowed for the intimidation and arrest of pro-democracy and independent journalists in the region, fostering an environment that demonstrates Hong Kong’s lowest degree of press freedom in decades.

Many Hongkongers – more than 90,000 as of September 2021 – have fled the region amid the NSL crackdown. Many have relocated to the UK, Canada, or the United States. Of interest to this study are the local reporters who left the region due to uncertainty concerning their work given the increasingly difficult circumstances. For this paper, the author performed semi-structured interviews with six Hong Kong-based journalists in an attempt to better understand their motivations for remaining in the region to this point while their work has become increasingly difficult and dangerous. Two motivational theories, McClelland’s human motivation theory and Vroom’s expectancy theory, were used to guide interview questions and assist in analysis of the journalists` internal motivators (including needs for achievement and individual projections about the future) and external motivators (social affiliation). Analysis of the interviews suggests (1) the Hong Kong-based reporters feel an intrinsic sense of duty to stay and carry out their work, either to continue the work they feel their friends and colleagues who have been forced to leave Hong Kong were unjustly stripped of or to prevent pro-establishment voices from taking their place; (2) the reporters regard being “on the ground,” or existing close to the sources of their stories, a key facet of their journalistic method; (3) the reporters, on the whole, are not optimistic about their individual or collective ability to meaningfully impact Hong Kong’s deteriorating press freedom environment; and (4) social and professional networks greatly impact the extent to which journalists feel obligated to remain in Hong Kong.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)
109461021
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109461021
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 陳憶寧zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chen, Yi-Ning (Katherine)en_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 葛芮晴zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) McKibben-Greene, Maddoxen_US
dc.creator (作者) 葛芮晴zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) McKibben-Greene, Maddoxen_US
dc.date (日期) 2022en_US
dc.date.accessioned 5-Oct-2022 09:30:06 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 5-Oct-2022 09:30:06 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 5-Oct-2022 09:30:06 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0109461021en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/142185-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 109461021zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 自 2020 年 6 月頒布《香港國安法》（NSL）以來，在這一年半，其對整個地區獨立新聞編輯室的寒蟬影響變得越來越明顯。 曾為亞太地區追求新聞自由的香港，已經失去包含 《蘋果日報》和《立場新聞》等獨立新聞媒體，更導致為數眾多的外國和當地記者失業，同時擔心他們自身的安全 。NSL訂定四項基本「反國家罪」— 分裂主義、顛覆、恐怖主義和勾結外國勢力，已使該地區的民主派和獨立記者受到恐嚇和逮捕，讓香港的新聞自由度成為近幾十年來的最低。

在 NSL 鎮壓期間（截至2021年9月），已超過九萬的香港人逃離該地區，其中多數人移轉至英國。本論文的研究動機起因於當地記者，由於在工作上日益漸增的困難以及不確定性，而離開該地區。 在本文中，作者對六名香港記者進行半結構化的深度訪談，試圖深入了解他們在工作條件越來越嚴苛與危險的狀況下，仍選擇留在香港的動機。 該訪談依據麥克萊蘭的人類動機理論和弗魯姆的期望理論進行訪談問題建構，並藉此協助分析記者的內部動機（包括對成就的需求和對未來的個人預測）和外部動機（社會關係）。

本論文分析訪談的結果顯示：（1）駐港記者具備一種內在的責任感，認為有義務要留下來繼續工作。一方面，延續被迫離開同事或朋友的工作；另一方面則試圖阻止自身被專制的聲音所取代。(2) 堅持記者工作必須透過「身立其境」、或相當接近報導來源，才能作為撰寫新聞的關鍵方法； (3) 總體而言，留港記者對於香港日益惡化的新聞自由度，無論個人或集體層面，能產生影響的能力並不感到樂觀； (4) 社交和專業網絡同時深刻影響記者，認為自己有義務繼續留在香港。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) In the year and a half since the June 2020 enactment of the Hong Kong National security law (NSL), its chilling impact on independent newsrooms across the region has only become increasingly prominent. Once a bastion of press freedom in the Asia-Pacific, Hong Kong has now lost its largest independent news outlets, including Apple Daily in June 2021 and Stand News in December 2021, putting many foreign and local reporters out of work and in fear for their personal safety. The NSL`s four basic “crimes against the state” – separatism, subversion, terrorism, and colluding with foreign forces – have also allowed for the intimidation and arrest of pro-democracy and independent journalists in the region, fostering an environment that demonstrates Hong Kong’s lowest degree of press freedom in decades.

Many Hongkongers – more than 90,000 as of September 2021 – have fled the region amid the NSL crackdown. Many have relocated to the UK, Canada, or the United States. Of interest to this study are the local reporters who left the region due to uncertainty concerning their work given the increasingly difficult circumstances. For this paper, the author performed semi-structured interviews with six Hong Kong-based journalists in an attempt to better understand their motivations for remaining in the region to this point while their work has become increasingly difficult and dangerous. Two motivational theories, McClelland’s human motivation theory and Vroom’s expectancy theory, were used to guide interview questions and assist in analysis of the journalists` internal motivators (including needs for achievement and individual projections about the future) and external motivators (social affiliation). Analysis of the interviews suggests (1) the Hong Kong-based reporters feel an intrinsic sense of duty to stay and carry out their work, either to continue the work they feel their friends and colleagues who have been forced to leave Hong Kong were unjustly stripped of or to prevent pro-establishment voices from taking their place; (2) the reporters regard being “on the ground,” or existing close to the sources of their stories, a key facet of their journalistic method; (3) the reporters, on the whole, are not optimistic about their individual or collective ability to meaningfully impact Hong Kong’s deteriorating press freedom environment; and (4) social and professional networks greatly impact the extent to which journalists feel obligated to remain in Hong Kong.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Chapter 1 10
Introduction 10
1.1 Reporters arrested under the NSL 12
1.2 Carrie Lam’s troubling legacy 12
1.3 Study problem statements and significance 13
1.4 John Lee: “Beijing’s man” 16
Chapter 2 18
2. Literature review 18
2.1 Hong Kong’s media laws and historical media landscape 19
2.2 Sociopolitical impact of the National security law (NSL) 21
2.3 Hong Kong journalists and pro-democracy protests 21
2.4 Motivation theory 25
2.4.1 McClelland’s human motivation theory 26
2.4.2 Vroom’s expectancy theory of Motivation 27
Chapter 3 28
3. Methodology 28
3.1 Designing the semi-structured interview questions 29
3.2 Interviewee information 31
3.3 Media outlets’ political affiliation 32
3.4 Potential drawbacks of the semi-structured interview 33
Chapter 4 34
4. Findings 34
4.1 Reporter profiles 34
4.1.1 Reporter 1 34
4.1.2 Reporter 2 35
4.1.3 Reporter 3 36
4.1.4 Reporter 4 38
4.1.5 Reporter 5 39
4.1.6 Reporter 6 40
4.2 Shared sense of duty 42
4.3 Importance of the journalistic method 43
4.4 Pessimism and shifted sense of accomplishment 43
4.5 Impact of personal and professional networks 46
Chapter 5 46
5.Discussion 46
5.1 Intrinsic and extrinsic motivating factors 47
5.1.1 Importance of affiliation 47
5.1.2 Valence, instrumentality, and expectancy 47
5.2 Shared personality traits and trends 48
5.2.1 Insight into reporters’ personality traits 49
5.2.2 Sense of duty 49
5.2.3 Sense of self-efficacy 49
Chapter 6 51
6. Conclusion 51
6.1 Study limitations and future research 51
References 54		zh_TW
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dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109461021en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國家安全法zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 香港zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 記者zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 抗議zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 動機理論zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) National security lawen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Hong Kongen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Journalistsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Protestsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Motivation theoryen_US
dc.title (題名) 香港國家安全法及其對當地記者工作動機之影響zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Hong Kong’s National Security Law and Its Impact on Local Reporters’ Work Motivationsen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
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dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202201588en_US