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題名 更正訊息的因果關係強度與工作記憶廣度對假訊息持續影響效果之影響
Factors of Continued Influence Effect of Misinformation: Causality and Working Memory Capacity
作者 江晉諺
Chiang, Chin-Yen
貢獻者 楊立行
Yang, Lee-Xieng
江晉諺
Chiang, Chin-Yen
關鍵詞 假訊息的持續影響效果
因果關係強度
工作記憶
日期 2023
上傳時間 1-Feb-2023 14:15:14 (UTC+8)
摘要 即便原先的錯假訊息已被後來的更正訊息推翻或撤回，人們仍以錯假訊息作為記憶和推理基礎，此現象被稱為假訊息的持續影響效果（continued influence effect）。過去研究發現在更正訊息提供正確的故事版本可以削弱但不能消除持續影響效果。實驗一與實驗二的結果表明更正訊息的因果關係強度是削弱假訊息持續影響效果的重要關鍵，強因果關係的更正訊息應直接點出錯誤部分、提供正確的故事版本、並清楚說明假訊息故事不可信賴的原因。也有研究提出假訊息的持續影響效果可能源於記憶提取錯誤，實驗二的結果表明於更正訊息中提示情境細節與否並不影響假訊息持續影響效果。過去研究多預期假訊息的持續影響效果可能受到工作記憶能力影響，但未有定論。在本研究中的實驗一與實驗二中，工作記憶更新能力的影響並不一致。未執行雙作業的實驗一中，工作記憶更新能力對假訊息的持續影響效果沒有顯著影響。執行雙作業的實驗二中，工作記憶更新能力對關鍵記憶表現有顯著影響，且也影響了使用更正訊息進行推理的子歷程。本研究猜想認知資源與更正訊息因果關係強度是兩個實驗結果不同的原因。
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
心理學系
109752002
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109752002
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 楊立行zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Yang, Lee-Xiengen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 江晉諺zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chiang, Chin-Yenen_US
dc.creator (作者) 江晉諺zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chiang, Chin-Yenen_US
dc.date (日期) 2023en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Feb-2023 14:15:14 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Feb-2023 14:15:14 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Feb-2023 14:15:14 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0109752002en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/143198-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 心理學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 109752002zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 即便原先的錯假訊息已被後來的更正訊息推翻或撤回，人們仍以錯假訊息作為記憶和推理基礎，此現象被稱為假訊息的持續影響效果（continued influence effect）。過去研究發現在更正訊息提供正確的故事版本可以削弱但不能消除持續影響效果。實驗一與實驗二的結果表明更正訊息的因果關係強度是削弱假訊息持續影響效果的重要關鍵，強因果關係的更正訊息應直接點出錯誤部分、提供正確的故事版本、並清楚說明假訊息故事不可信賴的原因。也有研究提出假訊息的持續影響效果可能源於記憶提取錯誤，實驗二的結果表明於更正訊息中提示情境細節與否並不影響假訊息持續影響效果。過去研究多預期假訊息的持續影響效果可能受到工作記憶能力影響，但未有定論。在本研究中的實驗一與實驗二中，工作記憶更新能力的影響並不一致。未執行雙作業的實驗一中，工作記憶更新能力對假訊息的持續影響效果沒有顯著影響。執行雙作業的實驗二中，工作記憶更新能力對關鍵記憶表現有顯著影響，且也影響了使用更正訊息進行推理的子歷程。本研究猜想認知資源與更正訊息因果關係強度是兩個實驗結果不同的原因。zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 摘要 0
目次 i
表次 iii
圖次 iv
前言 v
第一章　緒論 1
第一節　文獻回顧 1
一、假訊息的負面影響 1
二、會報派典與信念堅持效應 2
三、假訊息的持續影響效果 4
第二節　假訊息持續影響效果的理論解釋 7
一、心智模型（Mental Model） 7
二、熟悉性（Familiarity） 8
三、記憶的提取失敗（Retrieval failure） 9
第三節　研究動機 9
一、更正訊息的因果關係強度 10
二、工作記憶能力 11
三、記憶的提取失敗 12
四、認知負荷 13
第四節　研究假設 13
一、更正訊息因果關係強度 13
二、工作記憶更新能力 14
三、記憶的提取失敗 14
第二章　實驗一 15
第一節　方法 15
一、參與者 16
二、設備與訊息題本 16
三、工作記憶廣度測驗 19
四、基礎記憶測驗 19
五、關鍵記憶測驗 19
六、推理測驗 19
七、實驗程序 20
第二節　結果 20
一、關鍵記憶表現 22
二、推理表現 23
第三節　討論 23
第三章　實驗二 26
第一節　方法 26
一、參與者 27
二、設備與訊息題本 28
三、實驗程序 30
第二節　結果 32
一、關鍵記憶表現 32
二、推理表現 33
第三節　討論 35
第四章　綜合討論 37
第一節　更正訊息的因果關係強度 37
第二節　記憶的提取失敗 39
第三節　工作記憶更新能力 39
第四節　對更正訊息設計的實務建議 42
一、直接點出假新聞的錯誤部分為何。 43
二、提供額外解釋描述正確版本的故事。 43
三、說明假新聞版本的故事為何不可能發生。 43
四、不必描述過多情境細節，足以讓閱聽人憶起情境即可。 43
第五節　限制 43
第五章　結論 45
參考文獻 46		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1998899 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109752002en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 假訊息的持續影響效果zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 因果關係強度zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 工作記憶zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 更正訊息的因果關係強度與工作記憶廣度對假訊息持續影響效果之影響zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Factors of Continued Influence Effect of Misinformation: Causality and Working Memory Capacityen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Allcott, H. & Gentzkow, M. (2017). Social Media and Fake News in the 2016 Election. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 31(2), 211-236. doi: 10.3386/w23089
Anderegg, W. R., Prall, J. W., Harold, J., & Schneider, S. H. (2010). Expert credibility in climate change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(27), 12107-12109.
Anderson, C. A. (1982). Inoculation and counterexplanation: Debiasing techniques in the perseverance of social theories. Social Cognition, 1(2), 126-139.
Anderson, C. A. (1983). Abstract and concrete data in the perseverance of social theories: When weak data lead to unshakeable beliefs. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 19(2), 93-108.
Anderson, C. A., & Lindsay, J. J. (1998). The development, perseverance, and change of naive theories. Social Cognition, 16(1), 8-30.
Anderson, C. A., & Sechler, E. S. (1986). Effects of explanation and counterexplanation on the development and use of social theories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50(1), 24.
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賴麒元（2018）Facebook假新聞第三人效果研究。中正大學，傳播學系電訊傳播研究所碩士學位論文。		zh_TW