學術產出-Theses
Article View/Open
Publication Export
-
題名 21世紀阿拉伯區域主義的弱化：石油豐富的君主國與其「翻新的」國家資本主義的影響
The weakening of Arab regionalism in the 21st century: the influence of “refurbished” state capitalism in oil-rich monarchies作者 呂懿倫
Lu, I-Lun貢獻者 李佳怡
Lee, Chia-Yi
呂懿倫
Lu, I-Lun關鍵詞 「翻新的」國家資本主義
阿拉伯區域主義
國有企業
主權財富基金
石油豐富的阿拉伯君主國
“Refurbished” state capitalism
Arab regionalism
State-owned enterprise
Sovereign wealth fund
Oil-rich Arab monarchies日期 2023 上傳時間 9-Mar-2023 18:09:48 (UTC+8) 摘要 阿拉伯區域主義的發展自第二次世界大戰結束以來已有超過半世紀的歷史，其間亦於20世紀末期完成了區域內自由貿易區的簽署。不過在進入21世紀以後，卻有許多跡象顯示阿拉伯區域主義的發展出現了停滯、乃至於弱化的現象，而這與區域內主導區域主義發展的產油君主國蓬勃發展的國內經濟形成對比。本文旨在分析阿拉伯區域主義當今的「弱化」與區域內占主導地位的產油君主國所實行的政治經濟方針之間是否存在因果關係。從歷史背景出發，本文爬梳了相關文獻，並選擇以阿拉伯產油君主國當中的四個（沙烏地阿拉伯、科威特、阿拉伯聯合大公國、卡達）作為個案進行研究。此外，本文亦採用「翻新的」國家資本主義作為核心理論架構，認為其務實主義之特色與旗下所含之國有企業與主權財富基金等工具皆符合本文所選之個案國家的政治經濟模式。透過對個案國家的發展脈絡以及其與區域、國際層次互動的分析，本文發現四個個案國家的「翻新的」國家資本主義從起步至趨於成熟的轉變有如形成「催化劑」一般的作用，使這些國家以石油為基礎的經濟發展成果與利得更大程度地被投入於與國際經濟的互動而非推動區域主義的發展，因而間接影響了進入21世紀後阿拉伯區域主義「弱化」的結果。
Arab regionalism has been developed for more than half century since the end of World War II, and this region also signed a free trade agreement in the end of 20th century. However, since the beginning of the 21st century, several signs indicate the stagnation or even weakening of Arab regionalism. This is in contrast to the booming domestic economy in the oil-rich monarchies that have led the development of Arab regionalism. This thesis aims to examine whether there is a causal relationship between the “weakening” of Arab regionalism and the political-economic policies pursued by the dominant oil-rich monarchies in the region. Starting from the historical background, this thesis reviews the relevant literature, and selects four Arab oil-rich monarchies (Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, and Qatar) for case studies. In addition, this thesis also adopts the “refurbished” state capitalism as the theoretical framework, arguing that its main features such as pragmatism and tools including state-owned enterprises and sovereign wealth funds match the political-economic policies pursued by the selected countries. By analyzing the development path in the case study countries and their interaction with the regional and international systems, this thesis finds that the development of the “refurbished” state capitalism from its formation to its maturity in these countries functions as a “catalyst,” which diverts the achievements and gains of the oil-based economy in these countries more into the interaction with the international economy than the promotion of regionalism, thus indirectly causing the “weakening” of Arab regionalism in the 21st century.參考文獻 劉致賢。「中國國家資本主義：一個新的政治經濟學研究議程」。台灣政治學刊，19(2) (2015), 41-80。Abedini, Javad, and Nicolas Péridy. "The Greater Arab Free Trade Area (Gafta): An Estimation of Its Trade Effects." Journal of Economic Integration (2008): 848-72.Aggarwal, Raj, and John W Goodell. "Sovereign Wealth Fund Governance and National Culture." International Business Review 27, no. 1 (2018): 78-92.Ahmad, Syed Zamberi. "Partnering toward Internationalization at Four Arabian Mobile Telecom Firms." Global Business and Organizational Excellence 33, no. 6 (2014): 51-68.Alami, Ilias, and Adam D Dixon. "State Capitalism (S) Redux? Theories, Tensions, Controversies." Competition & Change 24, no. 1 (2020): 70-94.Al-Malki, Majid Abdullah. "Industrial Development in Qatar in a Changing World." Durham University, 1994.Amico, Alissa. "Priorities for Improving Governance and Performance of State-Owned Enterprises in the Middle East and North Africa." Towards New Arrangements for State Ownership in the Middle East and North Africa (2012): 13.Amico, Alissa. "Arab States as Shareholders: Origins and Consequences." In Combining Economic and Political Development, 114-31: Brill Nijhoff, 2017.Balakrishnan, Melodena Stephens, and Immanuel Azaad Moonesar. "Advanced Technology Investment Company (Atic): A Destination, Global Champion." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies (2011).Barnett, Michael, and Etel Solingen. "Designed to Fail or Failure of Design? The Origins and Legacy of the Arab League." Crafting cooperation: Regional international institutions in comparative perspective (2007): 180-220.Beblawi, Hazem, and Giacomo Luciani. The Rentier State. Routledge, 2015.Beck, Martin. "Upgrading the Arab League by Establishing a Joint Military Force?". News Analysis of SDU`s Resource Center on Middle East Studies 2015, no. may (2015).Braunstein, Juergen. "Domestic Sources of Twenty-First-Century Geopolitics: Domestic Politics and Sovereign Wealth Funds in Gcc Economies." New Political Economy 24, no. 2 (2019): 197-217.Bremmer, Ian. "The Return of State Capitalism." Survival 50, no. 3 (2008): 55-64.Bremmer, Ian. "State Capitalism Comes of Age-the End of the Free Market." Foreign Aff. 88 (2009): 40.Byat, Ahmad Bin, and Osman Sultan. "The United Arab Emirates: Fostering a Unique Innovation Ecosystem for a Knowledge-Based Economy." The global innovation index 101 (2014).Chapin Metz. Saudi Arabia: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1992.Colombo, Silvia. "The Gcc Countries and the Arab Spring. Between Outreach, Patronage and Repression." The Arab Spring and the Arab Thaw: Unfinished Revolutions and the Quest for Democracy (2012): 163-78.Corden, Warner Max. "Booming Sector and Dutch Disease Economics: Survey and Consolidation." oxford economic Papers 36, no. 3 (1984): 359-80.Delgado, Pedro Alexandre Azevedo Dias Lima. "The United Arab Emirates Case of Economic Success: The Federal Government Economic Policies." 2016.Dixon, Adam D, and Ashby HB Monk. "Rethinking the Sovereign in Sovereign Wealth Funds." Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 37, no. 1 (2012): 104-17.Ermida, Graça. "Strategic Decisions of International Oil Companies: Arctic Versus Other Regions." Energy Strategy Reviews 2, no. 3-4 (2014): 265-72.Fawcett, Louise. International Relations of the Middle East. Oxford University Press, 2016.Ferabolli, Silvia. Arab Regionalism: A Post-Structural Perspective. Routledge, 2014.Gelan, Ayele, Geoffrey JD Hewings, and Ahmad Alawadhi. "Diversifying a Resource-Dependent Economy: Private–Public Relationships in the Kuwaiti Economy." Journal of Economic Structures 10, no. 1 (2021): 1-22.Gerring, John. Case Study Research: Principles and Practices. Cambridge university press, 2006.Helem Chapin Metz. Persian Gulf States: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1993.Hertog, Steffen. "Petromin: The Slow Death of Statist Oil Development in Saudi Arabia." Business history 50, no. 5 (2008): 645-67.Hertog, Steffen. "Defying the Resource Curse: Explaining Successful State-Owned Enterprises in Rentier States." World Pol. 62 (2010): 261.Hertog, Steffen. "Lean and Mean: The New Breed of State-Owned Enterprises in the Gulf Monarchies." Industrialization in the Gulf: A socioeconomic revolution (2011): 17-29.Hinnebusch, Raymond. The International Politics of the Middle East. Manchester University Press, 2003.Hinnebusch, Raymond A, and Anoushiravan Ehteshami. The Foreign Policies of Middle East States. Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2002.Hoekman, Bernard, and Khalid Sekkat. "Arab Economic Integration: Missing Links." J. World Trade 44 (2010): 1273.Ibrahim, Ibrahim, and Frank Harrigan. "Qatar’s Economy: Past, Present and Future." QScience Connect 2012, no. 1 (2012): 9.Kamrava, Mehran. "Royal Factionalism and Political Liberalization in Qatar." The Middle East Journal 63, no. 3 (2009): 401-20.Kerr, Malcolm H. The Arab Cold War, 1958-1967: A Study of Ideology in Politics. Issued under the auspices of the Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1967.Kimmerling, Baruch. "The Formation of Palestinian Collective Identities: The Ottoman and Mandatory Periods." Middle Eastern Studies 36, no. 2 (2000): 48-81.Knauerhase, Ramon. "Saudi Arabia`s Economy at the Beginning of the 1970s." Middle East Journal 28, no. 2 (1974): 126-40.Kurlantzick, Joshua. State Capitalism: How the Return of Statism Is Transforming the World. Oxford University Press, 2016.Laqueur, Walter. A History of Zionism: From the French Revolution to the Establishment of the State of Israel. Schocken, 2009.Lyons, Gerard. State Capitalism: The Rise of Sovereign Wealth Funds. Vol. 15: HeinOnline, 2007.McNally, Christopher A. "The Challenge of Refurbished State Capitalism: Implications for the Global Political Economic Order." der moderne staat-dms: Zeitschrift für Public Policy, Recht und Management 6, no. 1 (2013): 33-48.Musacchio, Aldo, Sergio G Lazzarini, and Ruth V Aguilera. "New Varieties of State Capitalism: Strategic and Governance Implications." Academy of Management Perspectives 29, no. 1 (2015): 115-31.Nölke, Andreas. Multinational Corporations from Emerging Markets: State Capitalism 3.0. Springer, 2014.North, Douglass C. Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. Cambridge university press, 1990.OECD. Corporate Governance in Mena: Building a Framework for Competitiveness and Growth. 2019.OECD. State-Owned Enterprises in the Middle East and North Africa: Engines of Development and Competitiveness? 2013.OECD. Towards New Arrangements for State Ownership in the Middle East and North Africa. 2012.Olver-Ellis, Sophie. "Building the New Kuwait: Vision 2035 and the Challenge of Diversification." (2020).Peridy, Nicolas, and Javad Abedini. "Trade Effects of Regional Integration in Imperfect Competition: Evidence from the Greater Arab Free Trade Area (Gafta)." International Economic Journal 28, no. 2 (2014): 273-92.Peridy, Nicolas, and Ahmed Ghoneim. "Regional Integration, Imperfect Competition and Welfare: The Experience of the Greater Arab Free Trade Area." Economie Appliquée 62, no. 4 (2009): 131.Salevurakis, John William, and Sahar Mohamed Abdel-Haleim. "Bread Subsidies in Egypt: Choosing Social Stability or Fiscal Responsibility." Review of Radical Political Economics 40, no. 1 (2008): 35-49.Samuel-Azran, Tal. "Al-Jazeera, Qatar, and New Tactics in State-Sponsored Media Diplomacy." American behavioral scientist 57, no. 9 (2013): 1293-311.Schwartz, Herman. "Political Capitalism and the Rise of Sovereign Wealth Funds." Globalizations 9, no. 4 (2012): 517-30.Seznec, Jean‐François. "The Gulf Sovereign Wealth Funds: Myths and Reality." Middle East Policy 15, no. 2 (2008): 97-110.Shushan, Debra, and Christopher Marcoux. "The Rise (and Decline?) of Arab Aid: Generosity and Allocation in the Oil Era." World Development 39, no. 11 (2011): 1969-80.Smith Diwan, Kristin. "Sovereign Dilemmas: Saudi Arabia and Sovereign Wealth Funds." Geopolitics 14, no. 2 (2009): 345-59.Thiollet, Helene. "Migration as Diplomacy: Labor Migrants, Refugees, and Arab Regional Politics in the Oil-Rich Countries." International Labor and Working-Class History (2011): 103-21.Tuncalp, Secil, and Abdulla Al-Ibrahim. "Saudi Arabia`s Petrochemical Industry: Growth and Performance." J. Energy & Dev. 16 (1990): 287.Uthaimeen, Yousef A. The Welfare State in Saudi Arabia: Structure, Dynamics, and Function. American University, 1986.Weber, Alan S. "Education, Development and Sustainability in Qatar: A Case Study of Economic and Knowledge Transformation in the Arabian Gulf." In Education for a Knowledge Society in Arabian Gulf Countries, 59-82: Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2014.Worrall, James. International Institutions of the Middle East: The Gcc, Arab League, and Arab Maghreb Union. Routledge, 2017. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
外交學系
109253005資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109253005 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 李佳怡 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Lee, Chia-Yi en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 呂懿倫 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lu, I-Lun en_US dc.creator (作者) 呂懿倫 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Lu, I-Lun en_US dc.date (日期) 2023 en_US dc.date.accessioned 9-Mar-2023 18:09:48 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 9-Mar-2023 18:09:48 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 9-Mar-2023 18:09:48 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0109253005 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/143705 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 外交學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 109253005 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 阿拉伯區域主義的發展自第二次世界大戰結束以來已有超過半世紀的歷史，其間亦於20世紀末期完成了區域內自由貿易區的簽署。不過在進入21世紀以後，卻有許多跡象顯示阿拉伯區域主義的發展出現了停滯、乃至於弱化的現象，而這與區域內主導區域主義發展的產油君主國蓬勃發展的國內經濟形成對比。本文旨在分析阿拉伯區域主義當今的「弱化」與區域內占主導地位的產油君主國所實行的政治經濟方針之間是否存在因果關係。從歷史背景出發，本文爬梳了相關文獻，並選擇以阿拉伯產油君主國當中的四個（沙烏地阿拉伯、科威特、阿拉伯聯合大公國、卡達）作為個案進行研究。此外，本文亦採用「翻新的」國家資本主義作為核心理論架構，認為其務實主義之特色與旗下所含之國有企業與主權財富基金等工具皆符合本文所選之個案國家的政治經濟模式。透過對個案國家的發展脈絡以及其與區域、國際層次互動的分析，本文發現四個個案國家的「翻新的」國家資本主義從起步至趨於成熟的轉變有如形成「催化劑」一般的作用，使這些國家以石油為基礎的經濟發展成果與利得更大程度地被投入於與國際經濟的互動而非推動區域主義的發展，因而間接影響了進入21世紀後阿拉伯區域主義「弱化」的結果。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Arab regionalism has been developed for more than half century since the end of World War II, and this region also signed a free trade agreement in the end of 20th century. However, since the beginning of the 21st century, several signs indicate the stagnation or even weakening of Arab regionalism. This is in contrast to the booming domestic economy in the oil-rich monarchies that have led the development of Arab regionalism. This thesis aims to examine whether there is a causal relationship between the “weakening” of Arab regionalism and the political-economic policies pursued by the dominant oil-rich monarchies in the region. Starting from the historical background, this thesis reviews the relevant literature, and selects four Arab oil-rich monarchies (Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, and Qatar) for case studies. In addition, this thesis also adopts the “refurbished” state capitalism as the theoretical framework, arguing that its main features such as pragmatism and tools including state-owned enterprises and sovereign wealth funds match the political-economic policies pursued by the selected countries. By analyzing the development path in the case study countries and their interaction with the regional and international systems, this thesis finds that the development of the “refurbished” state capitalism from its formation to its maturity in these countries functions as a “catalyst,” which diverts the achievements and gains of the oil-based economy in these countries more into the interaction with the international economy than the promotion of regionalism, thus indirectly causing the “weakening” of Arab regionalism in the 21st century. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1第一節 引言 1第二節 阿拉伯區域主義的起源：第二次世界大戰以前的歷史 1第三節 阿拉伯區域主義的發展：第二次世界大戰後的演變 2第四節 阿拉伯區域主義的近／現況：後冷戰時代與21世紀的表現 7第五節 小結：事實現象與研究動機 8第二章 文獻檢閱 11第一節 理論概要 11第二節 細究21世紀阿拉伯區域主義的弱化 12第三節 政治背景與區域主義的「動機」 14第四節 從經濟背景再探「動機」的作用 18第五節 機制：「翻新的」國家資本主義 22第三章 研究設計 25第一節 問題意識與研究假設 25第二節 研究母體界定與呈現 26第三節 研究方法辨析 27第四章 個案研究：海灣四國的「翻新的」國家資本主義發展歷程 30第一節 個案呈現概述 30第二節 沙烏地阿拉伯 30第三節 科威特 37第四節 阿拉伯聯合大公國 43第五節 卡達 48第六節 個案研究的經驗總結 53第五章 「翻新的」國家資本主義與阿拉伯區域主義的弱化：理論機制的辯證 56第一節 國內層次的視角 56第二節 區域層次的視角 60第三節 國際層次的視角 67第四節 因果機制的總結 70第六章 結論 73第一節 研究發現 73第二節 對於事實現象的呼應與相關研究議題的意義 74參考書目 77 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2881980 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109253005 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 「翻新的」國家資本主義 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 阿拉伯區域主義 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國有企業 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 主權財富基金 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 石油豐富的阿拉伯君主國 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) “Refurbished” state capitalism en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Arab regionalism en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) State-owned enterprise en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Sovereign wealth fund en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Oil-rich Arab monarchies en_US dc.title (題名) 21世紀阿拉伯區域主義的弱化：石油豐富的君主國與其「翻新的」國家資本主義的影響 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The weakening of Arab regionalism in the 21st century: the influence of “refurbished” state capitalism in oil-rich monarchies en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 劉致賢。「中國國家資本主義：一個新的政治經濟學研究議程」。台灣政治學刊，19(2) (2015), 41-80。Abedini, Javad, and Nicolas Péridy. "The Greater Arab Free Trade Area (Gafta): An Estimation of Its Trade Effects." Journal of Economic Integration (2008): 848-72.Aggarwal, Raj, and John W Goodell. "Sovereign Wealth Fund Governance and National Culture." International Business Review 27, no. 1 (2018): 78-92.Ahmad, Syed Zamberi. "Partnering toward Internationalization at Four Arabian Mobile Telecom Firms." Global Business and Organizational Excellence 33, no. 6 (2014): 51-68.Alami, Ilias, and Adam D Dixon. "State Capitalism (S) Redux? Theories, Tensions, Controversies." Competition & Change 24, no. 1 (2020): 70-94.Al-Malki, Majid Abdullah. "Industrial Development in Qatar in a Changing World." Durham University, 1994.Amico, Alissa. "Priorities for Improving Governance and Performance of State-Owned Enterprises in the Middle East and North Africa." Towards New Arrangements for State Ownership in the Middle East and North Africa (2012): 13.Amico, Alissa. "Arab States as Shareholders: Origins and Consequences." In Combining Economic and Political Development, 114-31: Brill Nijhoff, 2017.Balakrishnan, Melodena Stephens, and Immanuel Azaad Moonesar. "Advanced Technology Investment Company (Atic): A Destination, Global Champion." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies (2011).Barnett, Michael, and Etel Solingen. "Designed to Fail or Failure of Design? The Origins and Legacy of the Arab League." Crafting cooperation: Regional international institutions in comparative perspective (2007): 180-220.Beblawi, Hazem, and Giacomo Luciani. The Rentier State. Routledge, 2015.Beck, Martin. "Upgrading the Arab League by Establishing a Joint Military Force?". News Analysis of SDU`s Resource Center on Middle East Studies 2015, no. may (2015).Braunstein, Juergen. "Domestic Sources of Twenty-First-Century Geopolitics: Domestic Politics and Sovereign Wealth Funds in Gcc Economies." New Political Economy 24, no. 2 (2019): 197-217.Bremmer, Ian. "The Return of State Capitalism." Survival 50, no. 3 (2008): 55-64.Bremmer, Ian. "State Capitalism Comes of Age-the End of the Free Market." Foreign Aff. 88 (2009): 40.Byat, Ahmad Bin, and Osman Sultan. "The United Arab Emirates: Fostering a Unique Innovation Ecosystem for a Knowledge-Based Economy." The global innovation index 101 (2014).Chapin Metz. Saudi Arabia: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1992.Colombo, Silvia. "The Gcc Countries and the Arab Spring. Between Outreach, Patronage and Repression." The Arab Spring and the Arab Thaw: Unfinished Revolutions and the Quest for Democracy (2012): 163-78.Corden, Warner Max. "Booming Sector and Dutch Disease Economics: Survey and Consolidation." oxford economic Papers 36, no. 3 (1984): 359-80.Delgado, Pedro Alexandre Azevedo Dias Lima. "The United Arab Emirates Case of Economic Success: The Federal Government Economic Policies." 2016.Dixon, Adam D, and Ashby HB Monk. "Rethinking the Sovereign in Sovereign Wealth Funds." Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 37, no. 1 (2012): 104-17.Ermida, Graça. "Strategic Decisions of International Oil Companies: Arctic Versus Other Regions." Energy Strategy Reviews 2, no. 3-4 (2014): 265-72.Fawcett, Louise. International Relations of the Middle East. Oxford University Press, 2016.Ferabolli, Silvia. Arab Regionalism: A Post-Structural Perspective. Routledge, 2014.Gelan, Ayele, Geoffrey JD Hewings, and Ahmad Alawadhi. "Diversifying a Resource-Dependent Economy: Private–Public Relationships in the Kuwaiti Economy." Journal of Economic Structures 10, no. 1 (2021): 1-22.Gerring, John. Case Study Research: Principles and Practices. Cambridge university press, 2006.Helem Chapin Metz. Persian Gulf States: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1993.Hertog, Steffen. "Petromin: The Slow Death of Statist Oil Development in Saudi Arabia." Business history 50, no. 5 (2008): 645-67.Hertog, Steffen. "Defying the Resource Curse: Explaining Successful State-Owned Enterprises in Rentier States." World Pol. 62 (2010): 261.Hertog, Steffen. "Lean and Mean: The New Breed of State-Owned Enterprises in the Gulf Monarchies." Industrialization in the Gulf: A socioeconomic revolution (2011): 17-29.Hinnebusch, Raymond. The International Politics of the Middle East. Manchester University Press, 2003.Hinnebusch, Raymond A, and Anoushiravan Ehteshami. The Foreign Policies of Middle East States. Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2002.Hoekman, Bernard, and Khalid Sekkat. "Arab Economic Integration: Missing Links." J. World Trade 44 (2010): 1273.Ibrahim, Ibrahim, and Frank Harrigan. "Qatar’s Economy: Past, Present and Future." QScience Connect 2012, no. 1 (2012): 9.Kamrava, Mehran. "Royal Factionalism and Political Liberalization in Qatar." The Middle East Journal 63, no. 3 (2009): 401-20.Kerr, Malcolm H. The Arab Cold War, 1958-1967: A Study of Ideology in Politics. Issued under the auspices of the Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1967.Kimmerling, Baruch. "The Formation of Palestinian Collective Identities: The Ottoman and Mandatory Periods." Middle Eastern Studies 36, no. 2 (2000): 48-81.Knauerhase, Ramon. "Saudi Arabia`s Economy at the Beginning of the 1970s." Middle East Journal 28, no. 2 (1974): 126-40.Kurlantzick, Joshua. State Capitalism: How the Return of Statism Is Transforming the World. Oxford University Press, 2016.Laqueur, Walter. A History of Zionism: From the French Revolution to the Establishment of the State of Israel. Schocken, 2009.Lyons, Gerard. State Capitalism: The Rise of Sovereign Wealth Funds. Vol. 15: HeinOnline, 2007.McNally, Christopher A. "The Challenge of Refurbished State Capitalism: Implications for the Global Political Economic Order." der moderne staat-dms: Zeitschrift für Public Policy, Recht und Management 6, no. 1 (2013): 33-48.Musacchio, Aldo, Sergio G Lazzarini, and Ruth V Aguilera. "New Varieties of State Capitalism: Strategic and Governance Implications." Academy of Management Perspectives 29, no. 1 (2015): 115-31.Nölke, Andreas. Multinational Corporations from Emerging Markets: State Capitalism 3.0. Springer, 2014.North, Douglass C. Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. Cambridge university press, 1990.OECD. Corporate Governance in Mena: Building a Framework for Competitiveness and Growth. 2019.OECD. State-Owned Enterprises in the Middle East and North Africa: Engines of Development and Competitiveness? 2013.OECD. Towards New Arrangements for State Ownership in the Middle East and North Africa. 2012.Olver-Ellis, Sophie. "Building the New Kuwait: Vision 2035 and the Challenge of Diversification." (2020).Peridy, Nicolas, and Javad Abedini. "Trade Effects of Regional Integration in Imperfect Competition: Evidence from the Greater Arab Free Trade Area (Gafta)." International Economic Journal 28, no. 2 (2014): 273-92.Peridy, Nicolas, and Ahmed Ghoneim. "Regional Integration, Imperfect Competition and Welfare: The Experience of the Greater Arab Free Trade Area." Economie Appliquée 62, no. 4 (2009): 131.Salevurakis, John William, and Sahar Mohamed Abdel-Haleim. "Bread Subsidies in Egypt: Choosing Social Stability or Fiscal Responsibility." Review of Radical Political Economics 40, no. 1 (2008): 35-49.Samuel-Azran, Tal. "Al-Jazeera, Qatar, and New Tactics in State-Sponsored Media Diplomacy." American behavioral scientist 57, no. 9 (2013): 1293-311.Schwartz, Herman. "Political Capitalism and the Rise of Sovereign Wealth Funds." Globalizations 9, no. 4 (2012): 517-30.Seznec, Jean‐François. "The Gulf Sovereign Wealth Funds: Myths and Reality." Middle East Policy 15, no. 2 (2008): 97-110.Shushan, Debra, and Christopher Marcoux. "The Rise (and Decline?) of Arab Aid: Generosity and Allocation in the Oil Era." World Development 39, no. 11 (2011): 1969-80.Smith Diwan, Kristin. "Sovereign Dilemmas: Saudi Arabia and Sovereign Wealth Funds." Geopolitics 14, no. 2 (2009): 345-59.Thiollet, Helene. "Migration as Diplomacy: Labor Migrants, Refugees, and Arab Regional Politics in the Oil-Rich Countries." International Labor and Working-Class History (2011): 103-21.Tuncalp, Secil, and Abdulla Al-Ibrahim. "Saudi Arabia`s Petrochemical Industry: Growth and Performance." J. Energy & Dev. 16 (1990): 287.Uthaimeen, Yousef A. The Welfare State in Saudi Arabia: Structure, Dynamics, and Function. American University, 1986.Weber, Alan S. "Education, Development and Sustainability in Qatar: A Case Study of Economic and Knowledge Transformation in the Arabian Gulf." In Education for a Knowledge Society in Arabian Gulf Countries, 59-82: Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2014.Worrall, James. International Institutions of the Middle East: The Gcc, Arab League, and Arab Maghreb Union. Routledge, 2017. zh_TW
