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題名 建構金融監理國際協作框架—以現行架構再思考
Constructing an International Cooperation Framework for Financial Supervision — Rethinking the Current Governance Architecture作者 周映彤
Chou, Ying-Tung貢獻者 臧正運
Tsang, Cheng-Yun
周映彤
Chou, Ying-Tung關鍵詞 金融監理國際協作框架
軟法
國際金融史
金融全球化
系統性風險
金融科技之挑戰
COVID-19
International cooperation framework for financial supervision
Soft law
History of international finance
Financial globalization
Systemic risk
Challenges of Fintech日期 2023 上傳時間 9-Mar-2023 18:31:34 (UTC+8) 摘要 隨著時代的演進，全球化、科技的發展使金融市場成為無國界、緊密連結的網絡，雖然對於投資人、用戶非常方便，惟如果一國的市場有了動盪，便會快速影響到世界各地，從危機中便可以看到全球化下，系統性風險的問題，並加上金融科技的發展進入3.0的時代，金融交易更不侷限地理疆界中，且各國監理密度不一也會造成監理競爭與套利，如因某地的寬鬆政策吸引高風險交易，所產生的問題將由全球承擔，種種對於傳統上以國內為主之監理造成挑戰，普及與眾多的跨境交易有必要在全球範圍進行監理，而需要國際間共同討論，建立跨境金融監理協作之方案。觀察現行的框架係以跨境監理網絡構成，整體以不具法律上拘束力之軟法進行規範，可因應金融市場變動快速之特性，並亦可發揮事實上之拘束力，不過在經歷多次危機與改革凸顯出現行框架本質上之問題，再加上近年來政治、社會、經濟與科技之影響，迫使現行框架勢必須進行改革邁向國際金融監理之第五階段。本文選取四個方案探討建構新框架的可能性，最終仍以監理網絡與條約國際法作為金融監理協作框架之基礎；再經論證發現金融監理框架應考量「規範制定的彈性」與「規範的拘束效果」兩大因素，故分別以「對現行監理網絡進行修正」與「建立國際金融監督組織」之方式回應兩大考量因素，由具有靈活性之監理網絡負責規範制定與界定規範等級，並由具有安定性之國際金融監督組織作為司法單位，負責罰則制定與執行制裁，希冀能透過兩者之相輔相成，對金融監理國際協作框架提出未來改革之方向。
With the evolution of the epoch, globalization and the development of technology have made the financial market a network without borders and tightly connected. Although the market is very convenient for investors and users, if there is market turmoil in one country, it can quickly affect the whole world, and we can see the problem of systemic risk under globalization from multiple financial crises. And coupled with the development of fintech, financial transactions are not limited to geographic boundaries, and the density of supervision in different countries will also cause regulatory arbitrage and competition, such as the relaxed policy of a place to attract high-risk transactions, the resulting problems will be borne by the global community. Various issues pose challenges to traditional domestic-based supervision. Many cross-border transactions need to be regulated globally, and international discussions are needed to establish an international cooperation framework for financial supervision.Observing that the current framework is composed of the transnational regulatory networks, the overall regulation is based on non-legally binding soft law, which can respond to the fast-changing features of the financial market and can also serve as a de facto binding force. However, after facing several crises and reforms, the essential problems of the current framework have been exposed. Additionally, the political, social, economic, and technological environment in recent years has forced the current framework to reform and move toward a new stage of international financial supervision.This thesis selects four options to explore the possibility of constructing a new framework. Ultimately, the regulatory network and international law are used to construct an international cooperation framework for financial supervision. After further argument, it was found that the framework should consider two major factors: "flexibility of regulation" and "binding effect of regulation," and therefore responded to the two major considerations by "revising the current regulatory network" and "establishing an international financial supervisory organization" respectively. In conclusion, the framework for international cooperation for financial supervision is composed of a flexible regulatory network responsible for setting norms and defining the level of importance of regulations, and an international financial supervisory organization with stability as a judicial unit responsible for setting penalties and enforcing sanctions. 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The White House, FACT SHEET: The Biden Administration’s Commitment to Global Health, available at: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/02/02/fact-sheet-the-biden-administrations-commitment-to-global-health/ 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
法律學系
109651008資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109651008 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 臧正運 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Tsang, Cheng-Yun en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 周映彤 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chou, Ying-Tung en_US dc.creator (作者) 周映彤 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Chou, Ying-Tung en_US dc.date (日期) 2023 en_US dc.date.accessioned 9-Mar-2023 18:31:34 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 9-Mar-2023 18:31:34 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 9-Mar-2023 18:31:34 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0109651008 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/143810 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 法律學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 109651008 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 隨著時代的演進，全球化、科技的發展使金融市場成為無國界、緊密連結的網絡，雖然對於投資人、用戶非常方便，惟如果一國的市場有了動盪，便會快速影響到世界各地，從危機中便可以看到全球化下，系統性風險的問題，並加上金融科技的發展進入3.0的時代，金融交易更不侷限地理疆界中，且各國監理密度不一也會造成監理競爭與套利，如因某地的寬鬆政策吸引高風險交易，所產生的問題將由全球承擔，種種對於傳統上以國內為主之監理造成挑戰，普及與眾多的跨境交易有必要在全球範圍進行監理，而需要國際間共同討論，建立跨境金融監理協作之方案。觀察現行的框架係以跨境監理網絡構成，整體以不具法律上拘束力之軟法進行規範，可因應金融市場變動快速之特性，並亦可發揮事實上之拘束力，不過在經歷多次危機與改革凸顯出現行框架本質上之問題，再加上近年來政治、社會、經濟與科技之影響，迫使現行框架勢必須進行改革邁向國際金融監理之第五階段。本文選取四個方案探討建構新框架的可能性，最終仍以監理網絡與條約國際法作為金融監理協作框架之基礎；再經論證發現金融監理框架應考量「規範制定的彈性」與「規範的拘束效果」兩大因素，故分別以「對現行監理網絡進行修正」與「建立國際金融監督組織」之方式回應兩大考量因素，由具有靈活性之監理網絡負責規範制定與界定規範等級，並由具有安定性之國際金融監督組織作為司法單位，負責罰則制定與執行制裁，希冀能透過兩者之相輔相成，對金融監理國際協作框架提出未來改革之方向。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) With the evolution of the epoch, globalization and the development of technology have made the financial market a network without borders and tightly connected. Although the market is very convenient for investors and users, if there is market turmoil in one country, it can quickly affect the whole world, and we can see the problem of systemic risk under globalization from multiple financial crises. And coupled with the development of fintech, financial transactions are not limited to geographic boundaries, and the density of supervision in different countries will also cause regulatory arbitrage and competition, such as the relaxed policy of a place to attract high-risk transactions, the resulting problems will be borne by the global community. Various issues pose challenges to traditional domestic-based supervision. Many cross-border transactions need to be regulated globally, and international discussions are needed to establish an international cooperation framework for financial supervision.Observing that the current framework is composed of the transnational regulatory networks, the overall regulation is based on non-legally binding soft law, which can respond to the fast-changing features of the financial market and can also serve as a de facto binding force. However, after facing several crises and reforms, the essential problems of the current framework have been exposed. Additionally, the political, social, economic, and technological environment in recent years has forced the current framework to reform and move toward a new stage of international financial supervision.This thesis selects four options to explore the possibility of constructing a new framework. Ultimately, the regulatory network and international law are used to construct an international cooperation framework for financial supervision. After further argument, it was found that the framework should consider two major factors: "flexibility of regulation" and "binding effect of regulation," and therefore responded to the two major considerations by "revising the current regulatory network" and "establishing an international financial supervisory organization" respectively. In conclusion, the framework for international cooperation for financial supervision is composed of a flexible regulatory network responsible for setting norms and defining the level of importance of regulations, and an international financial supervisory organization with stability as a judicial unit responsible for setting penalties and enforcing sanctions. This thesis hopes that through the complementarity of the regulatory network and international financial supervisory organizations, it proposes a direction for future reform of the international cooperation framework for financial supervision. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1第一節 研究動機與目的 1第二節 研究範圍與研究方法 2第三節 研究架構 3第二章 金融監理與國際協作 5第一節 現代金融史概述 5第一項 近代金融規範之起源 6第一款 1920年代 7第二款 大蕭條後之改革 8第三款 小結 10第二項 跨境資本之崛起 11第一款 布列敦森林協議到牙買加協定 11第二款 金融自由化 14第三款 小結 16第三項 金融全球化之影響 17第一款 1994-1995年墨西哥金融危機 19第二款 1997-1998年亞洲金融危機 23第三款 小結 26第二節 跨境金融變革 27第一項 金融危機與變革 27第一款 2008年金融危機 28第二款 危機應對與改革 35第三款 小結 40第二項 金融科技與其挑戰 40第一款 金融科技概述 41第二款 金融科技之挑戰 45第三款 小結 46第三節 本章總結—跨境金融監理協作之必要 46第三章 現行之跨境金融監理架構 49第一節 跨境金融監理框架概覽 49第一項 國家與國際法 49第二項 國際金融監理體系 51第二節 議程制定者 54第一項 二十國集團（G20） 54第一款 從G7至G20 55第二款 G20之運作 56第三款 小結 60第二項 金融穩定委員會（FSB） 60第一款 從FSF至FSB 60第二款 FSB之運作 62第三款 小結 66第三節 標準制定者 67第一項 核心之標準制定者 68第一款 巴塞爾銀行監理委員會（BCBS） 68第二款 國際證券管理機構組織（IOSCO） 77第三款 國際保險監理官協會（IAIS） 85第四款 聯合論壇（Joint Forum） 93第二項 私營標準制定機構 95第一款 國際會計準則理事會（IASB） 96第二款 國際交換交易暨衍生性商品協會（ISDA） 102第三款 IASB與ISDA之比較 106第三項 其他標準制定者 107第一款 防制洗錢金融行動工作組織（FAFT） 107第二款 支付暨市場基礎設施委員會（CPMI） 114第四項 小結 118第四節 監督者 118第一項 世界銀行（WB） 119第二項 國際貨幣基金（IMF） 123第三項 WB與IMF作為國際金融體系之監督者 128第四項 小結 133第五節 本章總結—以「軟法」為中心之國際金融監理體系 134第一項 以軟法為中心之架構 134第二項 以軟法為中心之選擇 135第三項 小結 138第四章 現行跨境監理架構之缺失與環境之挑戰 139第一節 現行跨境金融框架之本質上問題 139第一項 國際金融監理框架發展之四個階段 139第一款 第一階段 140第二款 第二階段 140第三款 第三階段 141第四款 第四階段 141第五款 小結 142第二項 國際金融體系之本質架構問題 143第一款 分配問題 143第二款 問責制與正當性 147第三款 執行問題 156第四款 小結 159第二節 現行環境對框架之挑戰 161第一項 政治對國際金融之挑戰 161第一款 21世紀之民族主義 162第二款 思潮轉變對國際合作提出挑戰 164第三款 小結 166第二項 經濟與社會對國際金融之挑戰 167第一款 COVID-19造成之影響與應對 167第二款 COVID-19與對國際組織之信任 170第三款 小結 172第三項 科技對國際金融之挑戰 172第一款 創新模式之隱憂與挑戰 173第二款 金融科技對危機後監理思維之重思 177第三款 小結 179第四項 第五階段之來臨 180第三節 本章總結—釐清現行國際金融體系之問題 181第一項 新興國家之分配問題 181第二項 整體框架內外部問責制與正當性 182第三項 軟法為中心之適當性 183第四項 小結 184第五章 金融監理跨境協作框架可能性之探討 185第一節 以國家為中心之治理方法 185第一項 屬地主義 186第二項 直接域外立法 188第一款 立法之三種方式 188第二款 優缺點 189第三款 小結 190第三項 作為解決現行框架問題之評析 191第二節 條約國際法之治理框架 195第一項 條約與國際組織 195第二項 世界貿易組織（WTO） 197第一款 WTO成立背景 197第二款 WTO之運作 198第三款 WTO之紛爭解決機制（DSM） 200第四款 小結 206第三項 作為解決現行框架問題之評析 207第三節 私人行為者崛起後之另類選擇 210第一項 金融中的私人參與者與私營標準制定機構 210第二項 食品領域中的跨國私人規制（TPR） 212第一款 食品領域之TPR發展 212第二款 GlobalG.A.P.簡介 213第三款 從GlobalG.A.P.觀TPR之優缺點 214第三項 小結 215第四項 作為現行框架解決方案之評析 216第四節 全球行政法之新興觀點 218第一項 全球行政法概述 218第一款 國際層面所欠缺之問責制 219第二款 全球行政法之適用 220第二項 國際金融與全球行政法 222第一款 國際組織—WB之問責機制（AM） 223第二款 監理網絡—BCBS之公告暨評論程序 225第三款 小結 228第三項 作為解決現行框架問題之評析 230第五節 本章總結—各方案統整與力有未逮之處 232第一項 四種方案之統整比較 232第二項 選擇作為框架之方案 236第三項 小結 238第六章 建構金融監理跨境協作框架 239第一節 整體大框架—「硬法」與「軟法」 239第一項 硬法與軟法之混淆 239第二項 國際金融規範之定性 241第一款 希望具拘束力之實例 242第二款 不應區分軟、硬法 243第三項 國際金融規範之「拘束效果」與「規範制定的彈性」 244第一款 國際金融規範之拘束力 244第二款 擇定國際金融規範之規範制定框架 246第二節 監理網絡與拘束效果之細部框架 249第一項 規範制定框架——以現行監理網絡之修正 249第一款 現行監理網絡框架中機構設計之重思 249第二款 監理網絡中問責制與正當性之提升 259第二項 條約拘束效果之提案 261第一款 「拘束效果」之本質與具體職責 261第二款 「拘束效果」之設計 262第三節 本章總結—本文建議之金融監理跨境協作框架 265第七章 結論 267參考文獻 270 zh_TW dc.format.extent 10300030 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109651008 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 金融監理國際協作框架 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 軟法 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國際金融史 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 金融全球化 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 系統性風險 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 金融科技之挑戰 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) COVID-19 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) International cooperation framework for financial supervision en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Soft law en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) History of international finance en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Financial globalization en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Systemic risk en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Challenges of Fintech en_US dc.title (題名) 建構金融監理國際協作框架—以現行架構再思考 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Constructing an International Cooperation Framework for Financial Supervision — Rethinking the Current Governance Architecture en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、 中文部分（一） 專書論著1. 巴曙松、朱元倩、金玲玲，巴塞爾III與金融監管大變革，中國金融出版社，1版，2015年10月。2. 周道許，金融全球化下的金融安全，1版，2001年9月。3. 林彩瑜，WTO制度與實務─世界貿易組織法律研究（三），2版2013年8月。4. 邱宏達著，陳純一修訂，現代國際法，4版，2021年10月。5. 姜皇池，國際公法導論，1版，2006年3月。6. 孫健、白全民，顫慄金融史II金融霸權與大國崛起，1版，2009年4月。7. 孫健、白全民，顫慄金融史I影響世界經濟的金融事件，1版2009年4月。8. 張亞中、張登及主編，國際關係總論，4版，2016年10月。9. 陳雨露、楊棟，世界金融大歷史3000年 從古希臘城邦經濟到華爾街金錢遊戲，2版，2019年1月。10. 楊國華、李詠箑，WTO爭端解決程序詳解，1版，2004年3月。（二） 期刊論文1. 朱榮玲，金融穩定與新巴塞爾資本協定，金融監理與風險管理選輯，頁230-234，2006年3月。2. 何登煌，淺淡在亞洲與全球金融危機下，亞洲區域組織的整合與消長，外交通訊，第29卷第4期，2011年9月。3. 吳佳勳，中美貿易戰最新進展及對台商的可能影響，兩岸經貿月刊，第324期，頁10-14，2018年12月。4. 吳易風，全球化和反全球化，海派經濟學，2003卷第2輯，頁13-27，2003年。5. 李柏青，程序的權與變——淺說WTO爭端解決機制，貿易政策論叢，第32期，頁141-170，2020年8月。6. 李莉莎，國際貨幣體系變革中的組織機構重構—以國際貨幣基金組織為視角，理論月刊，2011年第3期，頁141-143，2011年3月。7. 李貴英、聶家音，歐洲聯盟經濟治理與金融監理架構之改革，月旦法學雜誌，第232期，頁80-113，2014年9月。8. 林恒志，巴塞爾跨國銀行監理協議演進之初探－兼論我國對於外國銀行分支機構監理法規，華岡法粹，第 41 期 ，頁39-62，2008年7月。9. 林春元，全球行政法的發展、功能與侷限——以氣候變化綱要公約體制為例，月旦法學雜誌，第283期，頁152-163，2018年12月。10. 邱奕宏，川普美國優先貿易政策與對世界貿易秩序的挑戰，貿易政策論叢，第32期，頁31-101，2020年8月。11. 邱建群，論羅斯福新政與美國西部經濟的崛起，邊寧大學學報，第44卷第1期，頁170-176，2016年1月。12. 洪秀菊，世界銀行對公民社會非政府組織的貢獻，中國行政評論，第20卷，第1期，頁55-96，2014年3月。13. 洪思竹，淺論 WTO 協定與爭端解決體系對內國法之影響，臺灣海洋法學報，第6卷第2期，頁132-162，2007年12月。14. 高秦偉，跨國私人規制與全球行政法的發展—以食品安全私人標準為例，當代法學，2016年第5期，頁67-77，2016年9月。15. 張其祿，獨立管制機關的政治監督與治理：兼論對我國獨立機關之啟示，公平交易季刊，第17卷，第2期，頁89-138，2009年4月。16. 張健一，新冠肺炎疫情對全球經濟的影響與因應，兩岸經貿月刊，第342期，頁8-11，2020年6月。17. 許耀明，未內國法化之國際條約與協定在我國法院之地位，司法新聲，第104期，頁20-27，2012年11月。18. 陳盈如，2008年金融危機之成因—以美國與國際法律規範演變為中心，華岡法粹，第56期，頁149-188，2014年6月。19. 陳美菊，全球金融危機之成因、影響及因應，經濟研究年刊，第9期，2009年3月。20. 陳家彬、許治文、賴怡洵、連琮勛，銀行放款行為之順景氣循環現象：機構記憶假說之檢測，管理評論，第31卷第3期，頁1-20，2012年7月。21. 彭岳，美國金融監理法律域外管轄的擴張及其國際法限度，環球法律評論，第6期，頁172-186，2015年。22. 曾國烈，G20領袖會議後國際金融監理新形勢與我國因應之道，金融聯合徵信雙月刊，第7期，頁2-23，2009年6月。23. 黃仁德、林進煌，亞洲金融危機與國際貨幣基金的角色，問題與討論，第46卷第1期，頁101-145，2007年3月。24. 黃范章、徐忠，金融全球化·金融風險·國際金融體制改革，財經研究，第25卷，第5期，頁3-10，1999年5月。25. 鄭振龍、江孔亮，關於IMF能否作為國際最後貸款人問題之研究，現代財經，第20卷第9期，頁19-24，2000年9月。26. 賴昀辰，歐洲議題政治化現象之分析，臺灣民主季刊，第16卷，第4期，頁39-92，2019年12月。27. 謝世清，後危機時代國際貨幣基金組織的職能改革，國際貿易，2011年第11期，頁46-51，2011年11月。28. 譚偉恩，COVID‐19 下國際衛生治理的虛幻承諾 以WHO為例，歐亞研究，第12期，頁129-140，2020年7月。29. 蘇詩雅，歐盟金融工具市場指令修訂版（MiFID II）對資產管理市場之規範內容與影響評估，證券暨期貨月刊，第36卷第2期，頁22-31，2018年2月。（三） 研究報告1. APEC 研究中心，125期，2010年2月。2. 林嘉裕，參加美國紐約聯邦準備銀行「支付與市場基礎設施」課程出國報告，行政院所屬各機關因公出國人員出國報告書，2019年8月。3. 葉雲晏，參加第十五屆WTO爭端解決訓練課程報告–世界貿易組織爭端解決制度之簡介，2000年2月29日。（四） 官方文件1. 中央銀行，全球金融危機專輯，頁122-126，2010年3月，https://www.cbc.gov.tw/tw/cp-731-36396-D256E-1.html。2. 央行，6月18日央行理監事會後記者會參考資料，2020年6月，https://www.cbc.gov.tw/tw/cp-302-114966-67300-1.html。3. 行政院農業委員會動植物防疫檢疫局，食品法典委員會(Codex)，https://www.baphiq.gov.tw/ws.php?id=12340。4. 吳建輝，國際組織之可課責性—以世界衛生組織與其H1N1新流感決策為例，健康、科學與人權－法學專書系列之十五，2011 科技發展與法律規範雙年刊，頁385-451，2012年12月。5. 林文琇，金融穩定論壇報告—對跨國資本移動、境外金融中心與高槓桿金融機構三議題之意見，中央銀行季刊，第23卷第1期，頁5-22，2001年3月。6. 經濟部國貿局，爭端解決規則與程序瞭解書，https://wto.trade.gov.tw/cwto/Pages/Detail.aspx?nodeID=464&pid=311801&dl_DateRange=all&txt_SD=&txt_ED=&txt_Keyword=&Pageid=0。7. 劉雨芬，IMF近期之融資與治理改革，國際金融參考資料，第57期，頁115-125，2009年6月。8. 劉雨芬、游淑雅、廖俊男，國際貨幣基金及其融資功能，國際金融參考資料，第53輯，頁66-73，2007年6月。9. 蔡美芬，防範再次發生資本帳危機的政策建議，國際金融參考資料，第47輯，頁1-13，2002年5月。（五） 其他資料1. 中華經濟研究院，關稅戰陸獲勝訴 川普嗆WTO，https://www.cier.edu.tw/news/detail/69891。2. 公務人員退休撫卹基金管理委員會，理財小百科 停滯性通膨 (stagflation)，https://www.fund.gov.tw/News_Content.aspx?n=1862&sms=11760&s=18661。3. 金管會，普惠金融專區，https://www.fsc.gov.tw/ch/home.jsp?id=642&parentpath=0,7。4. 夏傳位，新世紀冷酷異境：「新自由主義」是行走殭屍，還是變種病毒？關鍵評論，2021年3月，https://www.thenewslens.com/article/153571。5. 財團法人中技社，全球化及反全球化之發展與影響，2017年12月，https://www.ctci.org.tw/8838/publication/10798/35579/。6. 張文賢，中印關係中的地緣政治因素研究，國立政治大學國家安全與大陸研究碩士在職專班碩士論文， 2008年。7. 經建會經濟研究處，物價膨脹、物價緊縮與停滯性膨脹 新聞稿，2003年4月22日，https://ws.ndc.gov.tw/Download.ashx?u=LzAwMS9hZG1pbmlzdHJhdG9yLzEwL3JlbGZpbGUvNjIwMC8xOTUxMy8wMDA0MjYyLmRvYw%3D%3D&n=54mp5YO56Iao6IS544CB54mp5YO557eK57iu6IiH5YGc5ruv5oCn6Iao6IS5LmRvYw%3D%3D&icon=..doc 。8. 經建會綜計處，全球經常帳失衡問題潛存，2005年10月，http://ws.ndc.gov.tw/Download.ashx?u=LzAwMS9hZG1pbmlzdHJhdG9yLzEwL3JlbGZpbGUvNjIwMC8xOTAxMC8wMDAyOTk3LmRvYw%3D%3D&n=5YWo55CD57aT5bi45biz5aSx6KGh5ZWP6aGM5r2b5a2YLmRvYw%3D%3D&icon=..doc。9. 經濟部國際貿易局 WTO入口網，WTO爭端解決程序流程圖，https://www.trade.gov.tw/cwto/Pages/Detail.aspx?nodeID=464&pid=311802&dl_DateRange=all&txt_SD=&txt_ED=&txt_Keyword=&Pageid=0。10. 經濟部國際貿易局，認識世界貿易組織，頁4-6，https://wto.trade.gov.tw/cwto/Pages/Detail.aspx?nodeID=337&pid=312886。11. 衛福部，民眾下載健康存摺，疫苗護照好伙伴，https://www.mohw.gov.tw/cp-5264-65678-1.html。12. 關鍵評論，美國阻撓「新法官」上任，解決7成貿易爭端的「WTO最高法院」將在11號停擺，https://www.thenewslens.com/article/128490。二、 英文部分（一） 專書論著1. Anthony Elson, GOVERNING GLOBAL FINANCE: THE EVOLUTION AND REFORM OF THE INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL ARCHITECTURE, Palgrave Macmillan (1st ed., 2011).2. Chris Brummer, SOFT LAW AND THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL SYSTEM: RULE MAKING IN THE 21ST CENTURY, Cambridge University Press (2 nd ed., 2015).3. Emilios Avgouleas, GOVERNANCE OF GLOBAL FINANCIAL MARKETS THE LAW, THE ECONOMICS, THE POLITICS, Cambridge University Press (1st ed., 2012).4. John Armour, Dan Awrey, Paul Davies et al, PRINCIPLES OF FINANCIAL REGULATION, Oxford University Press (1st ed., 2016).5. Kern Alexander, Rahul Dhumale, John Eatwell, GLOBAL GOVERNANCE OF FINANCIAL SYSTEMS: THE INTERNATIONAL REGULATION OF SYSTEMIC RISK, Oxford University Press (1st ed., 2005).6. Steve Kourabas, GLOBAL FINANCE IN THE 21ST CENTURY STABILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY IN A FRAGMENTING WORLD, Routledge (1st ed., 2022).（二） 書之篇章1. Ching-Fu Lin, The emergence and influence of transnational private regulation of food safety, in FOOD AND DRUG REGULATION IN AN ERA OF GLOBALIZED MARKETS 183-203, Academic Press (Sam Halabi ed., 2015).2. Douglas W. Arner, Michael W. Taylor, The Financial Stability Board and the Future of International Financial Regulation, in RECONCEPTUALISING GLOBAL FINANCE AND ITS REGULATION, 51-66, Cambridge University Press (Ross P. Buckley, Emilios Avgouleas, Douglas W. Arner ed., 2016).3. Jan Rood, The Case of the G20 and Financial-Economic Cooperation, in TRANSNATIONAL GOVERNANCE AND DEMOCRATIC LEGITIMACY 67-87, The Hague Institute for Global Justice & Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael (L van Schaik ed., 2014).（三） 期刊論文1. Ahmed A. Diab, Abdelmonem Metwally, Mostafa Mohamed, The Failure of Global Leadership and Accountability Problems during the Covid-19 Pandemic, 20 Academy of Strategic Management Journal 1-8 (2021).2. Aldo Musacchio, Mexico`s Financial Crisis of 1994-1995, Harvard Business School Working Paper 12–101 1-28 (2012).3. Alejandro Komai, Gary Richardson, A Brief History of Regulations Regarding Financial Markets in the United States: 1789 to 2009, NBER Working Paper Series Working Paper 17443 1-36 (2011).4. Andrew D. Mitchell, Global Administrative Law: Can it Bring Global Governance to Account? 37 Federal Law Review 237-261 (2009).5. Anne-Marie Slaughter, The Real New World Order, 76 Foreign Aff. 183, 197 (1997).6. Benedict Kingsbury, Nico Krisch, Richard B. Stewart, The Emergence of Global Administrative Law, 68 Law & Contemp. Probs. 15-61 (2005).7. Chris Brummer, Territoriality as a regulatory technique: notes from the financial crisis, 79 U. Cin. L. Rev. 499-526 (2010).8. Chris Brummer, Why Soft Law Dominates International Finance — And Not Trade, 13 J. Int`l Econ. L. 623-643 (2010).9. Christopher M Dent, Brexit, Trump and trade: Back to a late 19th century future? 24 Competition & Change 338-357 (2020).10. David Zaring, International Institutional Performance in Crisis, 10 Chi. J. Int`l L. 475-504 (2010).11. Douglas W. Arner & Michael W. Taylor, The Global Financial Crisis and the Financial Stability Board: Hardening the Soft Law of International Financial Regulation? 32 U.N.S.W.L.J. 488-513 (2009).12. Douglas W. Arner, Janos Barberis & Ross P. Buckley, The Evolution of FinTech: A New Post-Crisis Paradigm, 47 Geo. J. Int`l L. 1271-1319 (2016).13. Douglas W. Arner, The Global Credit Crisis of 2008: Causes and Consequences, 43 Int`l Law 91-136 (2009).14. Emmanuel Mourlon-Druol, ‘Trust is good, control is better’: The 1974 Herstatt Bank Crisis and its Implications for International Regulatory Reform, 57 Bus. Hist. 311-334 (2015).15. Eric J. Pan, Challenge of International Cooperation and Institutional Design in Financial Supervision: Beyond Transgovernmental Networks, 11 Chi. J. Int`l L. 243-284 (2010).16. Eul-Soo Pang, The Financial Crisis of 1997–98 and the End of the Asian Developmental State, 22 Contemp. Southeast Asia 570-593 (2000).17. Firas Murrar, Khaled Barakat, Role of FATF in spearheading AML and CFT, 24 J. Money Laund. Control. 77-90 (2021).18. Geoffrey R. D. Underhill, Xiaoke Zhang, Setting the rules: Private power, political underpinnings, and legitimacy in global monetary and financial governance, 84 International Affairs 535-554 (2008).19. Hugh Gusterson, From Brexit to Trump: Anthropology and the rise of nationalist populism, 44 American Ethnologist 209-214 (2017).20. John C. Coffee Jr., Extraterritorial Financial Regulation: Why E.T. Can`t Come Home, 99 Cornell L. Rev. 1259-1302 (2014).21. Jose Gustavo Prieto Muñoz, Governance of the Global Financial System: The Legitimacy of the BCBS 10 years after the 2008 Crisis, 22 Journal of International Economic Law 247-260 (2019).22. Lowell Dittmer, Globalization and the Asian Financial Crisis, 23 Asian Perspective 45-64 (1999).23. Mark T. Nance, The regime that FATF built: an introduction to the Financial Action Task Force, 69 Crime L. Soc. Change 109-129 (2018).24. Matthias Lehmann, Global Rules for a Global Market Place? – Regulation and Supervision of Fintech Providers, 38 B.U. Int`l L.J. 118-156 (2020).25. Maziar Peihani, The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision: a post-crisis assessment of governance and accountability, 21 Can. Foreign Pol`y J. 146-163 (2015).26. Michael S. Barr, Geoffrey P. Miller, Global Administrative Law: The View from Basel, 17 The European Journal of International Law 15-46 (2006).27. Nankpan Moses Nanyun, Alireza Nasiri, Role of FATF on financial systems of countries: successes and challenges, 24 J. Money Laund. Control. 234-245 (2021).28. Pierre-Hugues Verdier, Transnational Regulatory Networks and Their Limits, 34 Yale J. Int`l L. 113-172 (2009).29. Richard John Herring, International coordination of financial supervision: why has it grown? Will it be sustained? 10 J. Fin. Econ. Pol`y 213-236 (2018).30. Robert B. Ahdieh, Coordination and Conflict: The Persistent Relevance of Networks in International Financial Regulation, 78 Law & Contemp. Probs. 75-101 (2015).31. Sam Pryke, Economic Nationalism: Theory, History and Prospects, 3 Global Policy 281-291 (2012).32. Sara De Vido, Soft Organizations, Hard Powers: The FATF and the FSB as Standard-Setting Bodies, 19 Global Jurist 1-12 (2001).33. Stephen A. Zeff, The Evolution of the IASC into the IASB, and the Challenges it Faces, 87 Acct. Rev. 807-837 (2012).34. Stephen Haber, Mexico’s experiments with bank privatization and liberalization, 1991–2003, 29 J. Banking & Fin. 2325-2353 (2005).35. Yesha Yadav, Chris Brummer, Fintech and the Innovation Trilemma, 107 Geo. L.J. 235-307 (2019).36. Yesha Yadav, Fintech and International Financial Regulation, 53 Vand. J. Transnat`l L. 1109-1146 (2020).37. Yoshiko Naiki, The Dynamics of Private Food Safety Standards: A case Study on the Regulatory Diffusion of GlobalG.A.P., 63 International & Comparative Law Quarterly 137-166 (2014).38. Yussuf A. Aleem, Soft Law: The Optimal Legal Framework for Global Financial Regulation, 9 Emory Corporate Governance and Accountability Rev. 1-27 (2022).39. Zhining He, Zhe Chen, The Social Group Distinction of Nationalists and Globalists amid COVID‐19 Pandemic, 14 Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 67-85 (2021).（四） 國際組織或機構文件與資料1. 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