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題名 區塊鏈於地籍資料應用之研究
A Study of Blockchain Implementation in Cadastre
作者 黎元聚
Li, Yuan-Chu
貢獻者 林士淵
Lin, Shih-Yuan
黎元聚
Li, Yuan-Chu
關鍵詞 區塊鏈
地籍資料
乙太坊
資料追蹤
土地分割合併
Blockchain
Cadastre
Cadastral data
Ethereum
Data tracing
Land division and merge
日期 2023
上傳時間 9-Mar-2023 18:49:57 (UTC+8)
摘要 區塊鏈是近年來新興的資料儲存技術，它是一種建構在對等式網路上的分散式帳本，利用基於密碼學的雜湊值進行鏈結的區塊來記錄資料，具有去中心化、安全、不可竄改性，以及極佳的系統故障容錯度。
有鑑於區塊鏈的特性，近年來世界各國政府例如喬治亞共和國、巴西、杜拜、印度、日本、俄羅斯、瑞典等，皆開始嘗試應用區塊鏈記錄與管理不動產交易與地籍資料。我國也於「服務型智慧政府2.0推動計畫-推動智慧不動產登記計畫(110年至114年)」中嘗試運用區塊鏈技術記錄不動產交易及抵押權異動過程中產生的資料。
然而除不動產交易資料外，我國地籍資料本身的儲存及異動應亦具有適合應用區塊鏈進行紀錄的特性，據此，本研究透過回顧區塊鏈技術之原理及應用，分析其對於地籍資料之適用性，並建置基於區塊鏈之地籍資料儲存及異動機制，以土地分割合併模擬資料實作，透過資料追蹤驗證其正確性。
本研究之成果，透過文獻回顧與建置系統進行實作，對應用區塊鏈於地籍資料之適用性給出結論，亦透過資料追蹤展示及驗證系統正確性，並討論本研究建置之系統與我國現行地籍資料管理系統之異同，提出未來發展可能及須面臨之挑戰，最後就技術及應用面向，針對未來區塊鏈系統架構及智慧合約之設計提出建議。
Blockchain is an emerging data storage technology in recent years. It is a distributed ledger built on a peer-to-peer network, recording data using blocks linked by cryptographic hashes. It is known of the characteristics of decentralization, secure, immutable, and excellent system fault tolerance.
In view of the characteristics of the blockchain, governments around the world, such as the Republic of Georgia, Brazil, Dubai, India, Japan, Russia, Sweden, etc., have begun to use the blockchain to record and manage real estate transaction data and cadastre. The Taiwanese government is also experimenting with blockchain technology to record data generated during real estate transactions and mortgage changes in the "Service-oriented Smart Government 2.0 Promotion Plan - Promotion of Smart Real Estate Registration Plan (2021-2025)".
However, in addition to real estate transaction data, the cadastre should also be feasible for blockchain applications. Accordingly, this study reviewed the principle and applications of blockchain technology. Its applicability in cadastre was further analyzed through a construction of a blockchain-based cadastral storage and change mechanism to realizes the partitioning and merging of simulated parcel data. The correctness was verified through data tracing. At last, the differences between the system built in this study and the current cadastre management system were discussed. The opportunity for the possible future development and the challenges that must be faced were also evaluated.
參考文獻 中文參考文獻
內政部，2021。服務型智慧政府2.0推動計畫－推動智慧不動產登記計畫（110年至114年）摘錄版，6-7.
英文參考文獻
Antonopoulos, A. M. (2017). Mastering Bitcoin: Programming the open blockchain. " O`Reilly Media, Inc.".
Antonopoulos, A. M., & Wood, G. (2018). Mastering ethereum: building smart contracts and dapps. O`reilly Media.
Ali, S., Wang, G., White, B., & Cottrell, R. L. (2018, August). A blockchain-based decentralized data storage and access framework for pinger. In 2018 17th IEEE international conference on trust, security and privacy in computing and communications/12th IEEE international conference on big data science and engineering (TrustCom/BigDataSE) (pp. 1303-1308). IEEE.
Ahmed-Rengers, M., Shumailov, I., & Anderson, R. (2019). Tendrils of Crime: Visualizing the Diffusion of Stolen Bitcoins. arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.01769..
Buterin, V. (2013). Ethereum white paper. GitHub repository, 1, 22-23.
Bistarelli, S., & Santini, F. (2017, August). Go with the-bitcoin-flow, with visual analytics. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (pp. 1-6).
Bashir, I. (2017). Mastering blockchain. Packt Publishing Ltd.
Christidis, K., & Devetsikiotis, M. (2016). Blockchains and smart contracts for the internet of things. Ieee Access, 4, 2292-2303.
Chen, T., Li, Z., Zhu, Y., Chen, J., Luo, X., Lui, J. C. S., ... & Zhang, X. (2020). Understanding ethereum via graph analysis. ACM Transactions on Internet Technology (TOIT), 20(2), 1-32.
Di Battista, G., Di Donato, V., Patrignani, M., Pizzonia, M., Roselli, V., & Tamassia, R. (2015, October). Bitconeview: visualization of flows in the bitcoin transaction graph. In 2015 IEEE Symposium on Visualization for Cyber Security (VizSec) (pp. 1-8). IEEE.
Di Pierro, M. (2017). What is the blockchain?. Computing in Science & Engineering, 19(5), 92-95.
Grinstein, U. M. F. G. G., & Wierse, A. (2002). Information visualization in data mining and knowledge discovery. Morgan Kaufmann.
Graglia, J. M., & Mellon, C. (2018). Blockchain and property in 2018: At the end of the beginning. Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization, 12(1-2), 90-116.
Goderdzishvili, N., Gordadze, E., & Gagnidze, N. (2018, April). Georgia`s Blockchain-powered Property Registration: Never blocked, Always Secured: Ownership Data Kept Best!. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance (pp. 673-675).
Humdullah, S., Othman, S. H., Razali, M. N., & Mammi, H. K. (2021, January). Secured Data Storage Framework for Land Registration using Blockchain Technology. In 2021 3rd International Cyber Resilience Conference (CRC) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
Keim, D. A. (2001). Visual exploration of large data sets. Communications of the ACM, 44(8), 38-44.
Leigh, J., Johnson, A., Renambot, L., Peterka, T., Jeong, B., Sandin, D. J., ... & Sun, Y. (2012). Scalable resolution display walls. Proceedings of the IEEE, 101(1), 115-129.
Molina-Solana, M., Birch, D., & Guo, Y. K. (2017). Improving data exploration in graphs with fuzzy logic and large-scale visualization. Applied Soft Computing, 53, 227-235.
McMurren, J., Young, A., & Verhulst, S. (2018). Addressing transaction costs through blockchain and identity in swedish land transfers. Blockchain Technologies for Social Change, GovLab.
Müller, H., & Seifert, M. (2019). Blockchain, a feasible technology for land administration. FIG Working Week: Geospatial information for a smarter life and environmental resilience, 22-26.
Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Decentralized Business Review, 21260.
Post, F. H., Nielson, G., & Bonneau, G. P. (Eds.). (2002). Data visualization: The state of the art.
Parino, F., Beiró, M. G., & Gauvin, L. (2018). Analysis of the Bitcoin blockchain: socio-economic factors behind the adoption. EPJ Data Science, 7(1), 1-23.
Szabo, N. (1994). Smart contracts.
Swan, M. (2015). Blockchain: Blueprint for a new economy. " O`Reilly Media, Inc.".
Sundara, T., Gaputra, I., & Aulia, S. (2017). Study on blockchain visualization. JOIV: International Journal on Informatics Visualization, 1(3), 76-82.
Shuaib, M., Daud, S. M., Alam, S., & Khan, W. Z. (2020). Blockchain-based framework for secure and reliable land registry system. Telkomnika, 18(5), 2560-2571.
Tschorsch, F., & Scheuermann, B. (2016). Bitcoin and beyond: A technical survey on decentralized digital currencies. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 18(3), 2084-2123.
Tapscott, D., & Tapscott, A. (2016). Blockchain revolution: how the technology behind bitcoin is changing money, business, and the world. Penguin.
Torun, A. (2017, November). Hierarchical blockchain architecture for a relaxed hegemony on cadastre data management and update: A case study for Turkey. In Proceedings of the UCTEA International Geographical Information Systems Congress, Adana, Turkey (pp. 15-18).
Tovanich, N., Heulot, N., Fekete, J. D., & Isenberg, P. (2019). Visualization of blockchain data: a systematic review. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 27(7), 3135-3152.
Vos, J. (2016, February). Blockchain-based land registry: Panacea, illusion or something in between. In Proceedings of the IPRA/CINDER Congress, Dubai, UAE (pp. 22-24).
Zhu, P., Hu, J., Li, X., & Zhu, Q. (2021). Using blockchain technology to enhance the traceability of original achievements. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
地政學系碩士在職專班
108923011
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108923011
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 林士淵zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Lin, Shih-Yuanen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 黎元聚zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Li, Yuan-Chuen_US
dc.creator (作者) 黎元聚zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Li, Yuan-Chuen_US
dc.date (日期) 2023en_US
dc.date.accessioned 9-Mar-2023 18:49:57 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 9-Mar-2023 18:49:57 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 9-Mar-2023 18:49:57 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0108923011en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/143884-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 地政學系碩士在職專班zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 108923011zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 區塊鏈是近年來新興的資料儲存技術，它是一種建構在對等式網路上的分散式帳本，利用基於密碼學的雜湊值進行鏈結的區塊來記錄資料，具有去中心化、安全、不可竄改性，以及極佳的系統故障容錯度。
有鑑於區塊鏈的特性，近年來世界各國政府例如喬治亞共和國、巴西、杜拜、印度、日本、俄羅斯、瑞典等，皆開始嘗試應用區塊鏈記錄與管理不動產交易與地籍資料。我國也於「服務型智慧政府2.0推動計畫-推動智慧不動產登記計畫(110年至114年)」中嘗試運用區塊鏈技術記錄不動產交易及抵押權異動過程中產生的資料。
然而除不動產交易資料外，我國地籍資料本身的儲存及異動應亦具有適合應用區塊鏈進行紀錄的特性，據此，本研究透過回顧區塊鏈技術之原理及應用，分析其對於地籍資料之適用性，並建置基於區塊鏈之地籍資料儲存及異動機制，以土地分割合併模擬資料實作，透過資料追蹤驗證其正確性。
本研究之成果，透過文獻回顧與建置系統進行實作，對應用區塊鏈於地籍資料之適用性給出結論，亦透過資料追蹤展示及驗證系統正確性，並討論本研究建置之系統與我國現行地籍資料管理系統之異同，提出未來發展可能及須面臨之挑戰，最後就技術及應用面向，針對未來區塊鏈系統架構及智慧合約之設計提出建議。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Blockchain is an emerging data storage technology in recent years. It is a distributed ledger built on a peer-to-peer network, recording data using blocks linked by cryptographic hashes. It is known of the characteristics of decentralization, secure, immutable, and excellent system fault tolerance.
In view of the characteristics of the blockchain, governments around the world, such as the Republic of Georgia, Brazil, Dubai, India, Japan, Russia, Sweden, etc., have begun to use the blockchain to record and manage real estate transaction data and cadastre. The Taiwanese government is also experimenting with blockchain technology to record data generated during real estate transactions and mortgage changes in the "Service-oriented Smart Government 2.0 Promotion Plan - Promotion of Smart Real Estate Registration Plan (2021-2025)".
However, in addition to real estate transaction data, the cadastre should also be feasible for blockchain applications. Accordingly, this study reviewed the principle and applications of blockchain technology. Its applicability in cadastre was further analyzed through a construction of a blockchain-based cadastral storage and change mechanism to realizes the partitioning and merging of simulated parcel data. The correctness was verified through data tracing. At last, the differences between the system built in this study and the current cadastre management system were discussed. The opportunity for the possible future development and the challenges that must be faced were also evaluated.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 摘要　I
Abstract II
目錄　III
圖目錄 V
表目錄 VII
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機　1
第二節 研究目的 3
第三節 研究架構與流程　4
第二章 文獻回顧 6
第一節 區塊鏈之技術原理 6
第二節 區塊鏈於地籍資料之應用　14
第三章 研究方法 18
第一節 研究範圍 18
第二節 區塊鏈及智慧合約設計 19
第三節 系統運作及資料追蹤流程　23
第四章 研究成果與分析　29
第一節 系統實作 29
第二節 系統資料追蹤 33
第五章 討論 42
第一節 機會 42
第二節 挑戰 44
第六章 結論與建議　46
參考文獻　48		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 3236549 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108923011en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 區塊鏈zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 地籍資料zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 乙太坊zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 資料追蹤zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 土地分割合併zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Blockchainen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Cadastreen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Cadastral dataen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Ethereumen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Data tracingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Land division and mergeen_US
dc.title (題名) 區塊鏈於地籍資料應用之研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) A Study of Blockchain Implementation in Cadastreen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文參考文獻
內政部，2021。服務型智慧政府2.0推動計畫－推動智慧不動產登記計畫（110年至114年）摘錄版，6-7.
英文參考文獻
Antonopoulos, A. M. (2017). Mastering Bitcoin: Programming the open blockchain. " O`Reilly Media, Inc.".
Antonopoulos, A. M., & Wood, G. (2018). Mastering ethereum: building smart contracts and dapps. O`reilly Media.
Ali, S., Wang, G., White, B., & Cottrell, R. L. (2018, August). A blockchain-based decentralized data storage and access framework for pinger. In 2018 17th IEEE international conference on trust, security and privacy in computing and communications/12th IEEE international conference on big data science and engineering (TrustCom/BigDataSE) (pp. 1303-1308). IEEE.
Ahmed-Rengers, M., Shumailov, I., & Anderson, R. (2019). Tendrils of Crime: Visualizing the Diffusion of Stolen Bitcoins. arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.01769..
Buterin, V. (2013). Ethereum white paper. GitHub repository, 1, 22-23.
Bistarelli, S., & Santini, F. (2017, August). Go with the-bitcoin-flow, with visual analytics. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (pp. 1-6).
Bashir, I. (2017). Mastering blockchain. Packt Publishing Ltd.
Christidis, K., & Devetsikiotis, M. (2016). Blockchains and smart contracts for the internet of things. Ieee Access, 4, 2292-2303.
Chen, T., Li, Z., Zhu, Y., Chen, J., Luo, X., Lui, J. C. S., ... & Zhang, X. (2020). Understanding ethereum via graph analysis. ACM Transactions on Internet Technology (TOIT), 20(2), 1-32.
Di Battista, G., Di Donato, V., Patrignani, M., Pizzonia, M., Roselli, V., & Tamassia, R. (2015, October). Bitconeview: visualization of flows in the bitcoin transaction graph. In 2015 IEEE Symposium on Visualization for Cyber Security (VizSec) (pp. 1-8). IEEE.
Di Pierro, M. (2017). What is the blockchain?. Computing in Science & Engineering, 19(5), 92-95.
Grinstein, U. M. F. G. G., & Wierse, A. (2002). Information visualization in data mining and knowledge discovery. Morgan Kaufmann.
Graglia, J. M., & Mellon, C. (2018). Blockchain and property in 2018: At the end of the beginning. Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization, 12(1-2), 90-116.
Goderdzishvili, N., Gordadze, E., & Gagnidze, N. (2018, April). Georgia`s Blockchain-powered Property Registration: Never blocked, Always Secured: Ownership Data Kept Best!. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance (pp. 673-675).
Humdullah, S., Othman, S. H., Razali, M. N., & Mammi, H. K. (2021, January). Secured Data Storage Framework for Land Registration using Blockchain Technology. In 2021 3rd International Cyber Resilience Conference (CRC) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
Keim, D. A. (2001). Visual exploration of large data sets. Communications of the ACM, 44(8), 38-44.
Leigh, J., Johnson, A., Renambot, L., Peterka, T., Jeong, B., Sandin, D. J., ... & Sun, Y. (2012). Scalable resolution display walls. Proceedings of the IEEE, 101(1), 115-129.
Molina-Solana, M., Birch, D., & Guo, Y. K. (2017). Improving data exploration in graphs with fuzzy logic and large-scale visualization. Applied Soft Computing, 53, 227-235.
McMurren, J., Young, A., & Verhulst, S. (2018). Addressing transaction costs through blockchain and identity in swedish land transfers. Blockchain Technologies for Social Change, GovLab.
Müller, H., & Seifert, M. (2019). Blockchain, a feasible technology for land administration. FIG Working Week: Geospatial information for a smarter life and environmental resilience, 22-26.
Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Decentralized Business Review, 21260.
Post, F. H., Nielson, G., & Bonneau, G. P. (Eds.). (2002). Data visualization: The state of the art.
Parino, F., Beiró, M. G., & Gauvin, L. (2018). Analysis of the Bitcoin blockchain: socio-economic factors behind the adoption. EPJ Data Science, 7(1), 1-23.
Szabo, N. (1994). Smart contracts.
Swan, M. (2015). Blockchain: Blueprint for a new economy. " O`Reilly Media, Inc.".
Sundara, T., Gaputra, I., & Aulia, S. (2017). Study on blockchain visualization. JOIV: International Journal on Informatics Visualization, 1(3), 76-82.
Shuaib, M., Daud, S. M., Alam, S., & Khan, W. Z. (2020). Blockchain-based framework for secure and reliable land registry system. Telkomnika, 18(5), 2560-2571.
Tschorsch, F., & Scheuermann, B. (2016). Bitcoin and beyond: A technical survey on decentralized digital currencies. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 18(3), 2084-2123.
Tapscott, D., & Tapscott, A. (2016). Blockchain revolution: how the technology behind bitcoin is changing money, business, and the world. Penguin.
Torun, A. (2017, November). Hierarchical blockchain architecture for a relaxed hegemony on cadastre data management and update: A case study for Turkey. In Proceedings of the UCTEA International Geographical Information Systems Congress, Adana, Turkey (pp. 15-18).
Tovanich, N., Heulot, N., Fekete, J. D., & Isenberg, P. (2019). Visualization of blockchain data: a systematic review. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 27(7), 3135-3152.
Vos, J. (2016, February). Blockchain-based land registry: Panacea, illusion or something in between. In Proceedings of the IPRA/CINDER Congress, Dubai, UAE (pp. 22-24).
Zhu, P., Hu, J., Li, X., & Zhu, Q. (2021). Using blockchain technology to enhance the traceability of original achievements. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management.		zh_TW