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題名 青少年關係困境量表之編製：以關係創傷青少年的沙遊創作為取徑
Development of Adolescent Interpersonal Difficulties Scale: Based on Sandplay Trays from Interpersonal Traumatized Adolescents
作者 莊伯萱
Chuang, Po-Hsuan
貢獻者 陳婉真
CHEN, WAN-CHEN
莊伯萱
Chuang, Po-Hsuan
關鍵詞 青少年
關係困境
關係創傷
沙遊治療
Adolescents
Interpersonal difficulties
Interpersonal trauma
Sandplay Therapy
日期 2023
上傳時間 2-Jun-2023 11:34:11 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究旨在從沙遊創作探討青少年關係困境的內涵，並編製適用於評估青少年關係困境的量表工具。
本研究分為兩個研究部分：第一部分是經由四位具關係創傷青少年的沙遊創作與訪談結果，進行內容分析進而整理出關係困境之內涵；第二部份是發展「青少年關係困境量表」，由此自編之量表進行研究。本研究以高中青少年學生為研究對象，研究樣本分為預試樣本（350人）、正式施測樣本（1089人）、團體差異分析樣本（122人）。所得資料使用AMOS 25.0進行探索性因素分析、驗證性因素分析、描述性統計、t考驗、單因子變異數分析等統計方法進行分析。
本研究之研究結果如下：
一、青少年關係困境內涵可分為：「關係脫困兩難」、「封閉與唯一性」、「無法安心依賴」以及「不穩與易脆性」等四個層面。
二、本研究所自編之「青少年關係困境量表」，共有四個分量表，「關係脫困兩難」分量表7題、「封閉與唯一性」分量表5題、「無法安心依賴」分量表6題、「不穩與易脆性」分量表5題，總量表共計23題。
三、本量表的信度分析，各分量表之內部一致性α值介於0.726至0.872之間，而總量表內部一致性α值為0.882，各分量表及總量表之信度良好，顯示本量表為合適的測量工具。
四、本量表的效度考驗：
（一）專家內容效度：本研究所自編之量表，經指導教授及領域專家針對量表題目進行審查，建立量表之內容效度。
（二）建構效度：本研究所自編之量表在假設模式進行探索性因素分析，共獲得四項因素，分別為：「關係脫困兩難」、「封閉與唯一性」、「無法安心依賴」以及「不穩與易脆性」。本研究再以一階與二階段驗證性因素分析驗證量表之構念，就模式驗證結果來看，模式的基本適配度良好，均達適配標準。
（三）團體差異分析：本研究所自編之量表，以團體差異性分析，結果顯示：具關係困境之青少年在「青少年關係困境量表」之得分，皆顯著高於一般青少年。因此，結果顯示本量表具有良好的構念效度。
五、不同年級的青少年之關係困境具有差異，從整體量表來看，低年級高於高年級。
六、不同生理性別的青少年之關係困境具有差異，從整體量表來看，生理女性高於生理男性。
七、不同最親近關係的青少年之關係困境具有差異，從整體量表來看，「男/女友」之困境程度最高。
本研究根據研究結果與討論提出相關具體之建議，以供從事相關實務工作者以及未來研究方向之參酌與應用。
The study aims to explore the connotation of interpersonal difficulties in adolescents and develop a scale to assess interpersonal difficulties among adolescents.
This study is divided into two parts. In the first section, based on the results of sandplay trays and interviews with four adolescents with interpersonal trauma, a content analysis is conducted to work out the connotation of interpersonal difficulties. The second section focuses on the development of the Adolescent Interpersonal Difficulties Scale, with which research is carried out. The participants of the study are senior high school students, with 350 pretest samples, 1089 formal samples, and 122 group-difference analysis samples. The collected data is analyzed by using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test and One-way ANOVA.
The results of this study are as follows.
1.The connotation of interpersonal difficulties in adolescents can be divided into four dimensions：the stay-or-go dilemma, closed relationships and one-on-one connection, struggle to rely on other people, along with instability and fragility.
2.The Adolescent Interpersonal Difficulties Scale developed in the present study is composed of four subscales, with 23 items in total, including 7 items relating to the stay-or-go dilemma, 5 items connected with closed relationships and one-on-one connection, 6 items concerning struggle to rely on other people, and 5 items in relation to instability and fragility.
3.The internal consistency coefficients of four subscales was analysed by using Cronbach`s Alpha, with the value ranging between 0.726 and 0.872. The overall internal consistency coefficient of the scale was 0.882. Both values indicate good reliability of the scale, suggesting that the current scale is a proper measuring instrument.
4.Validity of the scale
　(1)Expert content validity: The validity of the scale was examined by the adviser and experts in the filed to ensure its content validity.
　(2)Construct validity: The validity of the scale was tested using exploratory factor analysis in a hypothetical model, with four factors being obtained, including the stay-or-go dilemma, closed relationships and one-on-one connection, struggle to rely on other people, along with instability and fragility. Also, first- and second-order confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the scale`s construct validity. The calculated fit indices suggest a good model fit and meets the standard of being a well-fitting model.
　(3)Group-difference analysis: The results reveal that teenagers suffering from interpersonal difficulties have higher scores on the Adolescent Interpersonal Difficulties Scale than those without interpersonal difficulties. Accordingly, the developed scale is shown to have good construct validity
5.Adolescents’ interpersonal difficulties differ apparently according to their grades. From the Adolescent Interpersonal Difficulties Scale, high school freshmen have the highest scores, followed by high school sophomores, with high school seniors getting the lowest.
6.Adolescents’ interpersonal difficulties differ apparently according to their gender. From the Adolescent Interpersonal Difficulties Scale, female students score higher than males.
7.Adolescents’ interpersonal difficulties differ apparently according to the type of their closest relationship. From the Adolescent Interpersonal Difficulties Scale, the participants reported to have experienced the highest degree of difficulties in “boyfriend/girlfriend” relationship.

Based on the results and discussions, relevant and specific suggestions are provided to releveant practitioners to apply in practice and can serve as reference for future research.
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描述 博士
國立政治大學
教育學系
106152516
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106152516
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 陳婉真zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor CHEN, WAN-CHENen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 莊伯萱zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chuang, Po-Hsuanen_US
dc.creator (作者) 莊伯萱zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chuang, Po-Hsuanen_US
dc.date (日期) 2023en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-Jun-2023 11:34:11 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-Jun-2023 11:34:11 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Jun-2023 11:34:11 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0106152516en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/145039-
dc.description (描述) 博士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 教育學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 106152516zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究旨在從沙遊創作探討青少年關係困境的內涵，並編製適用於評估青少年關係困境的量表工具。
本研究分為兩個研究部分：第一部分是經由四位具關係創傷青少年的沙遊創作與訪談結果，進行內容分析進而整理出關係困境之內涵；第二部份是發展「青少年關係困境量表」，由此自編之量表進行研究。本研究以高中青少年學生為研究對象，研究樣本分為預試樣本（350人）、正式施測樣本（1089人）、團體差異分析樣本（122人）。所得資料使用AMOS 25.0進行探索性因素分析、驗證性因素分析、描述性統計、t考驗、單因子變異數分析等統計方法進行分析。
本研究之研究結果如下：
一、青少年關係困境內涵可分為：「關係脫困兩難」、「封閉與唯一性」、「無法安心依賴」以及「不穩與易脆性」等四個層面。
二、本研究所自編之「青少年關係困境量表」，共有四個分量表，「關係脫困兩難」分量表7題、「封閉與唯一性」分量表5題、「無法安心依賴」分量表6題、「不穩與易脆性」分量表5題，總量表共計23題。
三、本量表的信度分析，各分量表之內部一致性α值介於0.726至0.872之間，而總量表內部一致性α值為0.882，各分量表及總量表之信度良好，顯示本量表為合適的測量工具。
四、本量表的效度考驗：
（一）專家內容效度：本研究所自編之量表，經指導教授及領域專家針對量表題目進行審查，建立量表之內容效度。
（二）建構效度：本研究所自編之量表在假設模式進行探索性因素分析，共獲得四項因素，分別為：「關係脫困兩難」、「封閉與唯一性」、「無法安心依賴」以及「不穩與易脆性」。本研究再以一階與二階段驗證性因素分析驗證量表之構念，就模式驗證結果來看，模式的基本適配度良好，均達適配標準。
（三）團體差異分析：本研究所自編之量表，以團體差異性分析，結果顯示：具關係困境之青少年在「青少年關係困境量表」之得分，皆顯著高於一般青少年。因此，結果顯示本量表具有良好的構念效度。
五、不同年級的青少年之關係困境具有差異，從整體量表來看，低年級高於高年級。
六、不同生理性別的青少年之關係困境具有差異，從整體量表來看，生理女性高於生理男性。
七、不同最親近關係的青少年之關係困境具有差異，從整體量表來看，「男/女友」之困境程度最高。
本研究根據研究結果與討論提出相關具體之建議，以供從事相關實務工作者以及未來研究方向之參酌與應用。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The study aims to explore the connotation of interpersonal difficulties in adolescents and develop a scale to assess interpersonal difficulties among adolescents.
This study is divided into two parts. In the first section, based on the results of sandplay trays and interviews with four adolescents with interpersonal trauma, a content analysis is conducted to work out the connotation of interpersonal difficulties. The second section focuses on the development of the Adolescent Interpersonal Difficulties Scale, with which research is carried out. The participants of the study are senior high school students, with 350 pretest samples, 1089 formal samples, and 122 group-difference analysis samples. The collected data is analyzed by using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test and One-way ANOVA.
The results of this study are as follows.
1.The connotation of interpersonal difficulties in adolescents can be divided into four dimensions：the stay-or-go dilemma, closed relationships and one-on-one connection, struggle to rely on other people, along with instability and fragility.
2.The Adolescent Interpersonal Difficulties Scale developed in the present study is composed of four subscales, with 23 items in total, including 7 items relating to the stay-or-go dilemma, 5 items connected with closed relationships and one-on-one connection, 6 items concerning struggle to rely on other people, and 5 items in relation to instability and fragility.
3.The internal consistency coefficients of four subscales was analysed by using Cronbach`s Alpha, with the value ranging between 0.726 and 0.872. The overall internal consistency coefficient of the scale was 0.882. Both values indicate good reliability of the scale, suggesting that the current scale is a proper measuring instrument.
4.Validity of the scale
　(1)Expert content validity: The validity of the scale was examined by the adviser and experts in the filed to ensure its content validity.
　(2)Construct validity: The validity of the scale was tested using exploratory factor analysis in a hypothetical model, with four factors being obtained, including the stay-or-go dilemma, closed relationships and one-on-one connection, struggle to rely on other people, along with instability and fragility. Also, first- and second-order confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the scale`s construct validity. The calculated fit indices suggest a good model fit and meets the standard of being a well-fitting model.
　(3)Group-difference analysis: The results reveal that teenagers suffering from interpersonal difficulties have higher scores on the Adolescent Interpersonal Difficulties Scale than those without interpersonal difficulties. Accordingly, the developed scale is shown to have good construct validity
5.Adolescents’ interpersonal difficulties differ apparently according to their grades. From the Adolescent Interpersonal Difficulties Scale, high school freshmen have the highest scores, followed by high school sophomores, with high school seniors getting the lowest.
6.Adolescents’ interpersonal difficulties differ apparently according to their gender. From the Adolescent Interpersonal Difficulties Scale, female students score higher than males.
7.Adolescents’ interpersonal difficulties differ apparently according to the type of their closest relationship. From the Adolescent Interpersonal Difficulties Scale, the participants reported to have experienced the highest degree of difficulties in “boyfriend/girlfriend” relationship.

Based on the results and discussions, relevant and specific suggestions are provided to releveant practitioners to apply in practice and can serve as reference for future research.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 謝辭 i
摘要 vii
Abstract ix
目錄 xi
表目錄 xiii
圖目錄 xv
第一章　緒論 1
第一節　研究動機 1
第二節　研究目的與問題 8
第三節　名詞釋義 9
第二章　文獻探討 11
第一節　關係創傷之概念與相關理論 11
第二節　關係困境對青少年之影響及相關研究 25
第三節　沙遊治療與沙遊創作 34
第三章　研究方法 47
第一節　研究架構與流程 47
第二節　研究參與者 49
第三節　研究工具 54
第四節　資料處理方法 75
第四章　研究結果 77
第一節　青少年關係困境之內涵 77
第二節　青少年關係困境量表之驗證性因素分析結果 98
第三節　青少年關係困境之現況 117
第四節　不同背景變項在青少年關係困境之差異 120
第五章　綜合討論 129
第一節　青少年關係困境之內涵討論 129
第二節　青少年關係困境量表討論 134
第三節　青少年關係困境之現況討論 137
第四節　不同背景變項青少年之關係困境差異分析討論 141
第六章　結論與建議 145
第一節　結論 145
第二節　建議 148
參考文獻 153
附錄 177
附錄一　研究訪談同意書 179
附錄二　家長同意書 181
附錄三　沙遊創作紀錄分析表 183
附錄四　青少年關係困境量表專家建議及修正結果 187
附錄五　青少年關係困境量表（預試版本） 193
附錄六　青少年關係困境量表（正式版本） 197
附錄七　研究工具使用同意書（人際依附風格量表） 201		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 5375513 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106152516en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 青少年zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 關係困境zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 關係創傷zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 沙遊治療zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Adolescentsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Interpersonal difficultiesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Interpersonal traumaen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Sandplay Therapyen_US
dc.title (題名) 青少年關係困境量表之編製：以關係創傷青少年的沙遊創作為取徑zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Development of Adolescent Interpersonal Difficulties Scale: Based on Sandplay Trays from Interpersonal Traumatized Adolescentsen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
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