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題名 領導風格、心理契約與組織公民行為關聯性之研究—以郵務士為例
A Study on the Relationship among Leadership Style, Psychological Contract and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors – A Case Study of Postman
作者 林睿昶
Lin, Jui-Chang
貢獻者 成之約
林睿昶
Lin, Jui-Chang
關鍵詞 領導風格
心理契約
組織公民行為
中華郵政
郵務士
Postman
Leadership Style
Psychological Contract
Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCBs)
Chunghwa Post Co.
日期 2023
上傳時間 2-Jun-2023 11:38:44 (UTC+8)
摘要 COVID-19疫情於2020年開始肆虐全球,臺灣同樣受到疫情的威脅。中華郵政公司配合政府政策,由郵務士負責運送口罩、酒精、快篩試劑,毋庸置疑郵務士正是默默在背後付出的防疫無名英雄。組織成員能否自動展現出組織所期望的行為,對於領導者而言一直都是重要的課題,因此本研究以中華郵政公司臺北郵局與臺南郵局郵務士為研究對象,探討領導風格、心理契約與組織公民行為之關聯性。本研究問卷總計發出482份,回收399份問卷,有效問卷總計375份,有效回收率77%。資料分析方法包括信效度分析、相關分析、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析與迴歸分析。
     研究發現與結論如下:
     一、領導風格與組織公民行為呈現顯著正相關,領導風格對組織公民行為有顯著的正向影響。
     二、心理契約與組織公民行為呈現顯著正相關,心理契約對組織公民行為有顯著的正向影響。
     三、領導風格與心理契約呈現顯著正相關,領導風格對心理契約有顯著的正向影響。
     四、部分個人屬性變項會對領導風格、心理契約與組織公民行為造成差異性。
     五、心理契約在領導風格與組織公民行為之間扮演中介角色。
     管理者若能瞭解領導風格、心理契約與組織公民行為的影響為何,對於人力資源管理政策的制定是有助益的,因此如何有效領導並瞭解員工對心理契約的期望,以滿足員工需求,進而促進組織公民行為產生,是管理當局應當深思的課題。
The COVID-19 epidemic began to ravage the world in 2020, and Taiwan is also threatened by the epidemic. Chunghwa Post Co., Ltd. cooperates with the government policy, and the postmen are responsible for delivering masks, alcohol, and rapid antigen self-tests. There is no doubt that the postmen are the unsung heroes of epidemic prevention who have silently contributed behind the scenes. Whether organizational members can automatically exhibit the behavior expected by the organization has always been an important issue for leaders. Hence, this study takes Chunghwa Post Company Taipei Post Office and Tainan Post Office postmen as the research objects. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship among leadership style, psychological contract and organizational citizenship behaviors. A total of 482 questionnaires were sent out, returned 399 and 375 valid questionnaires. The valid recovery rate of questionnaire is 77%. Data analysis method is inclusive of reliability and validity analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, independent-sample T Test, One-Way ANOVA and regression analysis.
     The findings and conclusions of this study are as follows:
     1.There is a significant positive correlation between leadership style and organizational citizenship behaviors. Leadership style has a positive impact on organizational citizenship behaviors.
     2.There is a significant positive correlation between psychological contract and organizational citizenship behaviors. Psychological contract has a positive impact on organizational citizenship behaviors.
     3.There is a significant positive correlation between leadership style and psychological contract. Leadership style has a positive impact on psychological contract.
     4.Some personal attribute variables will cause obvious differences in leadership style, psychological contract and organizational citizenship behaviors.
     5.Psychological contract plays a mediating role between leadership style and organizational citizenship behaviors.
     When managers can understand the influence between leadership style, psychological contract and organizational citizenship behaviors, it will beneficial to the formulation of human resource management policy. Therefore, how to effectively lead and used psychological contract what`s employees need and to meet the needs of employees, and finally promote the emergence of organizational citizenship behaviors is a topic that managers should ponder.
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     三、學位論文
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     李浤雋(2019)。領導風格、工作滿意與組織公民行為關聯性研究-以法務部矯正署監所人員為例。國立高雄師範大學人力與知識管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄。
     林盈州(2008)。海巡署南部地區基層安檢所主管領導型態、心理契約與領導效能相關性之研究。樹德科技大學經營管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄。
     林致瑋(2010)。領導者部屬交換品質影響製造業主管領導行為與員工績效之關係研究-以心理契約為中介變項。國立彰化師範大學工業教育與技術學系博士論文,未出版,彰化。
     林庭玉(2020)。第一線服務人員知覺服務氣候、心理契約、工作敬業對組織公民行為之影響-以就業服務中心為例。國立暨南國際大學終身學習與人力資源發展系碩士論文,未出版,南投。
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     陳明仁(2009)。領導風格、組織公平、組織信任與組織公民行為之探討。樹德科技大學經營管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄。
     陳貞羽(2018)。領導風格對領導者與成員交換關係及組織公民行為之表現-以個人組織適配作為干擾。輔仁大學餐旅管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,新北。
     陳韻琁(2005)。領導風格、組織公民行為與業務人員業績表現關係之研究-以沛華集團為例。國立臺灣海洋大學航運管理學系碩士論文,未出版,基隆。
     陳雅惠(2007)。人力彈性運用、員工心理契約與組織公民行為關係之研究-以國際觀光旅館為例。南臺科技大學休閒事業管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,臺南。
     陶育華(2004)。空服員組織支持認知與組織公民行為關係之研究-以組織自尊為中介變項。中國文化大學觀光事業研究所碩士論文,未出版,臺北。
     曹美惠(2009)。內外控人格特質、轉型領導與心理契約關係之研究-以彰化縣政府人事人員為例。國立彰化師範大學政治學研究所碩士論文,未出版,彰化。
     張潔如(2004)。交易型領導、轉換型領導、工作特性與組織公民行為關係之研究-以A公司客服人員為例。元智大學企業管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,桃園。
     黃宏文(2019)。完全中學校長領導風格與學校效能關係之研究-以中階領導雙歧與教師心理契約為中介變項。國立高雄師範大學教育研究所博士論文,未出版,高雄。
     黃暐翔(2016)。運用EIQ分析法提升物流中心之電子商務作業效率-以A公司為例。國立中央大學工業管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,桃園。
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     詹曉雯(2016)。臺中市國民中學校長領導行為、教師心理契約與其兼任行政職務意願相關之研究。逢甲大學公共政策研究所碩士論文,未出版,臺中。
     蔡韻瓊(2007)。國民中學校長家長式領導、教師心理契約與專業承諾關係之研究。國立高雄師範大學成人教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄。
     歐楚意(2015)。領導型態、心理契約、情緒勞務對員工工作行為之影響-以公立社福機構為例。國立澎湖科技大學行銷與物流管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,澎湖。
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     顏綾婕(2005)。航空公司空服員對內部服務品質認知、心理契約與組織公民行為關係之研究。中國文化大學觀光休閒事業管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,臺北。
     四、網路等電子化資料
     中華郵政工會(2022)。郵學問,2022年4月20日,取自:
     https://www.cpwu.org.tw/static/upload/file/20220420/1650439166661815.pdf。
     中國時報(2016)。迫中華郵政暫緩實施工作衡量機制 血汗郵差爭權益3000人連署奏捷,2016年6月29日,取自:
     https://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20160629000377-260102?chdtv,最後瀏覽日:2022年10月1日。
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     自由時報(2015)。血汗郵局!郵差去年加班121萬小時/近3年違反勞基法高達80件 桃園郵局罰最多,2015年4月3日,取自:
     https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/paper/868404,最後瀏覽日:2023年1月20日。
     行政院主計處,行業統計分類,第11次修正(110年1月)-5410細類-郵政業,取自:https://www.stat.gov.tw/public/Attachment/012221854690WG0X9I.pdf。
     行政院勞動部。勞動統計名詞。取自:
     https://statdb.mol.gov.tw/html/com/st0301.html,最後瀏覽日:2022年6月6日。
     華視新聞(2015)。日送一千封信 血汗郵差辛酸,2015年4月3日,取自:https://tw.news.yahoo.com/日送-千封信-血汗郵差辛酸-210000010.html,最後瀏覽日:2022年10月1日。
     監察院(2015)。監察院調查報告 104交正0012號。取自:
     https://cybsbox.cy.gov.tw/CYBSBoxSSL/edoc/download/19344。
     賴文萱(2020)。臺灣的口罩心臟!郵差扛起配送任務,2020年3月11日,取自:
     https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200311/1665417.htm,最後瀏覽日:2022年6月8日。
     五、其他
     公務人員週休二日實施辦法。
     公務員服務法。
     交通事業人員考成條例。
     交通事業人員任用條例。
     交通部郵電事業人員退休撫卹條例。
     中華郵政股份有限公司人員陞遷要點。
     中華郵政股份有限公司職階人員考核要點。
     中華郵政股份有限公司職階人員管理要點。
     中華郵政股份有限公司職階人員退休撫卹及資遣要點。
     中華郵政股份有限公司職階人員職階晉升甄試及甄審要點。
     中華郵政股份有限公司轉調人員請假休假實施要點。
     勞工健康保護規則。
     郵件處理規則。
     郵政法。
     勞動基準法。
     勞動基準法施行細則。
     
     貳、西文部分
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     Levinson, H., Price, C. R., Munden, K. J., Mandl, H. J., & Solley, C. M. (1962). Men, management and mental health. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
     Likert, R. (1967). The human organization: Its management and value. New York: McGraw-Hill.
     Noer, D. M. (1997). Breaking free: A prescription for personal and organizational change. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
行政管理碩士學程
110921042
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110921042
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 成之約zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 林睿昶zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lin, Jui-Changen_US
dc.creator (作者) 林睿昶zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Lin, Jui-Changen_US
dc.date (日期) 2023en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-Jun-2023 11:38:44 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-Jun-2023 11:38:44 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Jun-2023 11:38:44 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0110921042en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/145058-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 行政管理碩士學程zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 110921042zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) COVID-19疫情於2020年開始肆虐全球,臺灣同樣受到疫情的威脅。中華郵政公司配合政府政策,由郵務士負責運送口罩、酒精、快篩試劑,毋庸置疑郵務士正是默默在背後付出的防疫無名英雄。組織成員能否自動展現出組織所期望的行為,對於領導者而言一直都是重要的課題,因此本研究以中華郵政公司臺北郵局與臺南郵局郵務士為研究對象,探討領導風格、心理契約與組織公民行為之關聯性。本研究問卷總計發出482份,回收399份問卷,有效問卷總計375份,有效回收率77%。資料分析方法包括信效度分析、相關分析、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析與迴歸分析。
     研究發現與結論如下:
     一、領導風格與組織公民行為呈現顯著正相關,領導風格對組織公民行為有顯著的正向影響。
     二、心理契約與組織公民行為呈現顯著正相關,心理契約對組織公民行為有顯著的正向影響。
     三、領導風格與心理契約呈現顯著正相關,領導風格對心理契約有顯著的正向影響。
     四、部分個人屬性變項會對領導風格、心理契約與組織公民行為造成差異性。
     五、心理契約在領導風格與組織公民行為之間扮演中介角色。
     管理者若能瞭解領導風格、心理契約與組織公民行為的影響為何,對於人力資源管理政策的制定是有助益的,因此如何有效領導並瞭解員工對心理契約的期望,以滿足員工需求,進而促進組織公民行為產生,是管理當局應當深思的課題。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The COVID-19 epidemic began to ravage the world in 2020, and Taiwan is also threatened by the epidemic. Chunghwa Post Co., Ltd. cooperates with the government policy, and the postmen are responsible for delivering masks, alcohol, and rapid antigen self-tests. There is no doubt that the postmen are the unsung heroes of epidemic prevention who have silently contributed behind the scenes. Whether organizational members can automatically exhibit the behavior expected by the organization has always been an important issue for leaders. Hence, this study takes Chunghwa Post Company Taipei Post Office and Tainan Post Office postmen as the research objects. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship among leadership style, psychological contract and organizational citizenship behaviors. A total of 482 questionnaires were sent out, returned 399 and 375 valid questionnaires. The valid recovery rate of questionnaire is 77%. Data analysis method is inclusive of reliability and validity analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, independent-sample T Test, One-Way ANOVA and regression analysis.
     The findings and conclusions of this study are as follows:
     1.There is a significant positive correlation between leadership style and organizational citizenship behaviors. Leadership style has a positive impact on organizational citizenship behaviors.
     2.There is a significant positive correlation between psychological contract and organizational citizenship behaviors. Psychological contract has a positive impact on organizational citizenship behaviors.
     3.There is a significant positive correlation between leadership style and psychological contract. Leadership style has a positive impact on psychological contract.
     4.Some personal attribute variables will cause obvious differences in leadership style, psychological contract and organizational citizenship behaviors.
     5.Psychological contract plays a mediating role between leadership style and organizational citizenship behaviors.
     When managers can understand the influence between leadership style, psychological contract and organizational citizenship behaviors, it will beneficial to the formulation of human resource management policy. Therefore, how to effectively lead and used psychological contract what`s employees need and to meet the needs of employees, and finally promote the emergence of organizational citizenship behaviors is a topic that managers should ponder.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
     第一節 研究背景與動機 1
     第二節 研究對象與目的 4
     第三節 研究範圍與限制 5
     第四節 研究流程與章節安排 7
     第二章 領導風格等文獻探討 9
     第一節 領導風格 9
     第二節 心理契約 13
     第三節 組織公民行為 18
     第四節 領導風格、心理契約與組織公民行為之關聯性及相關實證研究 22
     第五節 小結 27
     第三章 個案公司與相關問題之探討 29
     第一節 個案公司的組織結構與人員概況 29
     第二節 郵務士的勞動條件與工作環境 35
     第三節 郵政公司與郵務士目前存在的問題 45
     第四節 小結 47
     第四章 問卷調查發現與分析 49
     第一節 問卷設計與調查對象 49
     第二節 信效度分析與因素分析 57
     第三節 敘述性統計 61
     第四節 假設檢定結果 68
     第五節 小結 86
     第五章 結論與建議 91
     第一節 結論 91
     第二節 建議 93
     參考文獻 95
     附錄 研究問卷 104
zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110921042en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 領導風格zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 心理契約zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 組織公民行為zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 中華郵政zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 郵務士zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Postmanen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Leadership Styleen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Psychological Contracten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCBs)en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Chunghwa Post Co.en_US
dc.title (題名) 領導風格、心理契約與組織公民行為關聯性之研究—以郵務士為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) A Study on the Relationship among Leadership Style, Psychological Contract and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors – A Case Study of Postmanen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 壹、中文部分
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     三、學位論文
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     胡瓊泰(2000)。工作生活品質、組織承諾與組織公民行為之相關性研究-以高科技產業為例。國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄。
     侯堂柱(2000)。轉換型領導、組織承諾與組織公民行為之關係-以臺灣電子業為例。國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄。
     侯耀翔(2014)。轉換型領導、交易型領導、師徒功能認知與組織承諾之關連性研究-以某石化公司為例。國立高雄應用科技大學企業管理系碩士在職專班碩士論文,未出版,高雄。
     陳明仁(2009)。領導風格、組織公平、組織信任與組織公民行為之探討。樹德科技大學經營管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄。
     陳貞羽(2018)。領導風格對領導者與成員交換關係及組織公民行為之表現-以個人組織適配作為干擾。輔仁大學餐旅管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,新北。
     陳韻琁(2005)。領導風格、組織公民行為與業務人員業績表現關係之研究-以沛華集團為例。國立臺灣海洋大學航運管理學系碩士論文,未出版,基隆。
     陳雅惠(2007)。人力彈性運用、員工心理契約與組織公民行為關係之研究-以國際觀光旅館為例。南臺科技大學休閒事業管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,臺南。
     陶育華(2004)。空服員組織支持認知與組織公民行為關係之研究-以組織自尊為中介變項。中國文化大學觀光事業研究所碩士論文,未出版,臺北。
     曹美惠(2009)。內外控人格特質、轉型領導與心理契約關係之研究-以彰化縣政府人事人員為例。國立彰化師範大學政治學研究所碩士論文,未出版,彰化。
     張潔如(2004)。交易型領導、轉換型領導、工作特性與組織公民行為關係之研究-以A公司客服人員為例。元智大學企業管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,桃園。
     黃宏文(2019)。完全中學校長領導風格與學校效能關係之研究-以中階領導雙歧與教師心理契約為中介變項。國立高雄師範大學教育研究所博士論文,未出版,高雄。
     黃暐翔(2016)。運用EIQ分析法提升物流中心之電子商務作業效率-以A公司為例。國立中央大學工業管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,桃園。
     黃艷秋(2007)。國民小學校長服務領導、教師心理契約與學校效能關係之研究。國立高雄師範大學成人教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄。
     詹曉雯(2016)。臺中市國民中學校長領導行為、教師心理契約與其兼任行政職務意願相關之研究。逢甲大學公共政策研究所碩士論文,未出版,臺中。
     蔡韻瓊(2007)。國民中學校長家長式領導、教師心理契約與專業承諾關係之研究。國立高雄師範大學成人教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄。
     歐楚意(2015)。領導型態、心理契約、情緒勞務對員工工作行為之影響-以公立社福機構為例。國立澎湖科技大學行銷與物流管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,澎湖。
     薛富鴻(2013)。員工心理契約與組織績效關聯性之研究-以領導風格為調節變項。淡江大學教育科技研究所碩士論文,未出版,新北。
     鍾志群(2004)。心理契約履行、信任與組織公民行為之研究。中國文化大學國際企業管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,臺北。
     顏綾婕(2005)。航空公司空服員對內部服務品質認知、心理契約與組織公民行為關係之研究。中國文化大學觀光休閒事業管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,臺北。
     四、網路等電子化資料
     中華郵政工會(2022)。郵學問,2022年4月20日,取自:
     https://www.cpwu.org.tw/static/upload/file/20220420/1650439166661815.pdf。
     中國時報(2016)。迫中華郵政暫緩實施工作衡量機制 血汗郵差爭權益3000人連署奏捷,2016年6月29日,取自:
     https://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20160629000377-260102?chdtv,最後瀏覽日:2022年10月1日。
     立法院(2015)。立法院議案關係文書:院總第887號政府提案第15100號之1960。取自:https://lci.ly.gov.tw/LyLCEW/agenda1/02/pdf/08/08/03/LCEWA01_080803_00227.pdf。
     立法院公報處(2012)。立法院公報,第101卷第49期,委員會紀錄。2012年6月7日,取自:
     https://lci.ly.gov.tw/LyLCEW/communique1/work/101/49/LCIDC01_1014901_00005.doc。
     自由時報(2015)。血汗郵局!郵差去年加班121萬小時/近3年違反勞基法高達80件 桃園郵局罰最多,2015年4月3日,取自:
     https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/paper/868404,最後瀏覽日:2023年1月20日。
     行政院主計處,行業統計分類,第11次修正(110年1月)-5410細類-郵政業,取自:https://www.stat.gov.tw/public/Attachment/012221854690WG0X9I.pdf。
     行政院勞動部。勞動統計名詞。取自:
     https://statdb.mol.gov.tw/html/com/st0301.html,最後瀏覽日:2022年6月6日。
     華視新聞(2015)。日送一千封信 血汗郵差辛酸,2015年4月3日,取自:https://tw.news.yahoo.com/日送-千封信-血汗郵差辛酸-210000010.html,最後瀏覽日:2022年10月1日。
     監察院(2015)。監察院調查報告 104交正0012號。取自:
     https://cybsbox.cy.gov.tw/CYBSBoxSSL/edoc/download/19344。
     賴文萱(2020)。臺灣的口罩心臟!郵差扛起配送任務,2020年3月11日,取自:
     https://www.ettoday.net/news/20200311/1665417.htm,最後瀏覽日:2022年6月8日。
     五、其他
     公務人員週休二日實施辦法。
     公務員服務法。
     交通事業人員考成條例。
     交通事業人員任用條例。
     交通部郵電事業人員退休撫卹條例。
     中華郵政股份有限公司人員陞遷要點。
     中華郵政股份有限公司職階人員考核要點。
     中華郵政股份有限公司職階人員管理要點。
     中華郵政股份有限公司職階人員退休撫卹及資遣要點。
     中華郵政股份有限公司職階人員職階晉升甄試及甄審要點。
     中華郵政股份有限公司轉調人員請假休假實施要點。
     勞工健康保護規則。
     郵件處理規則。
     郵政法。
     勞動基準法。
     勞動基準法施行細則。
     
     貳、西文部分
     一、專書
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     Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1995). The multifactor leadership questionnaire–5x short form. Redwood City, CA: Mind Garden.
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     Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper & Row.
     Davis, K. (1972). Human behavior at work: The dynamics of organizational behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill.
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     Fiedler, F. (1967). A theory of leadership effectiveness. New York: McGraw-Hill.
     Graham, J. W. (1989). Organizational citizenship behavior: Construct definition, operationalization and validation. Chicago, IL: Loyola University Press.
     Levinson, H., Price, C. R., Munden, K. J., Mandl, H. J., & Solley, C. M. (1962). Men, management and mental health. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
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     Yukl, G. A. (2013). Leadership in organizations (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
     二、期刊論文
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