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題名 自然資源與北極：從中國一帶一路架構分析
Securing natural resources: China and the Arctic in the frame of the Belt and Road Initiative
作者 杜雪怡
Emilie, Dubernet
貢獻者 冷則剛
Leng, Tse-Kang
杜雪怡
Dubernet Emilie
關鍵詞 自然資源
中國商業
北極
投資模式
Natural resources
Chinese business
Arctic
Investments patterns
日期 2023
上傳時間 2-Jun-2023 11:45:53 (UTC+8)
摘要 After expanding the Belt and Road Initiative to Africa and Latin America, China is now looking North, towards the Arctic. However, its increasing interest in this region has raised lots of suspicion from the Arctic states, and the West in general. Indeed, having self-claimed itself as a “Near-Arctic” State in 2018 and wanting to participate in the economic development of the region, some worry about aggressive domination and monopolization of the region’s possible natural resources.
     
     Yet, the reality states otherwise. Though present in the Arctic region through scientific cooperation, China’s mining and oil ventures are, most of the time, contested, halted and, abandoned. Its reputation in Africa and the rising tensions between Arctic states since the Russian invasion have put China’s plans for the High North on hold. Still, the Middle Kingdom has shown a clear interest it does not wish to be excluded from future developments in this region, especially in the exploitation of the northern sea route, given the rapid melting of the ice.
     Nonetheless, conscious of its need and dependency on petroleum, gas, and minerals, most of its investments in the energy industry are located in the Russian Arctic.
     
     While the region is facing more and more geopolitical instability with the adhesion of Finland to NATO and the remilitarization of the Russian Arctic, there is currently no China threat in terms of economic domination. Still, given Xi Jinping’s ambitions, belligerent attitude, and the concept of civil-military fusion, China’s true colors are yet to be seen in the next decade.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA)
111933055
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111933055
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 冷則剛zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Leng, Tse-Kangen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 杜雪怡zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Dubernet Emilieen_US
dc.creator (作者) 杜雪怡zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Emilie, Duberneten_US
dc.date (日期) 2023en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-Jun-2023 11:45:53 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-Jun-2023 11:45:53 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Jun-2023 11:45:53 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0111933055en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/145084-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 111933055zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) After expanding the Belt and Road Initiative to Africa and Latin America, China is now looking North, towards the Arctic. However, its increasing interest in this region has raised lots of suspicion from the Arctic states, and the West in general. Indeed, having self-claimed itself as a “Near-Arctic” State in 2018 and wanting to participate in the economic development of the region, some worry about aggressive domination and monopolization of the region’s possible natural resources.
     
     Yet, the reality states otherwise. Though present in the Arctic region through scientific cooperation, China’s mining and oil ventures are, most of the time, contested, halted and, abandoned. Its reputation in Africa and the rising tensions between Arctic states since the Russian invasion have put China’s plans for the High North on hold. Still, the Middle Kingdom has shown a clear interest it does not wish to be excluded from future developments in this region, especially in the exploitation of the northern sea route, given the rapid melting of the ice.
     Nonetheless, conscious of its need and dependency on petroleum, gas, and minerals, most of its investments in the energy industry are located in the Russian Arctic.
     
     While the region is facing more and more geopolitical instability with the adhesion of Finland to NATO and the remilitarization of the Russian Arctic, there is currently no China threat in terms of economic domination. Still, given Xi Jinping’s ambitions, belligerent attitude, and the concept of civil-military fusion, China’s true colors are yet to be seen in the next decade.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Table of Contents
     1. Introduction 1
     2. China, a rising superpower: an increasing need for natural resources 3
     2.1. Natural Resources: what it is, where it is, why is it so important? 3
     2.1.1. Definition of natural resources 3
     2.1.2. Where are natural resources located? 3
     2.1.3. Why are natural resources so important? 4
     2.2. China in its quest on securing natural resources 7
     2.2.1. What kind of resources is China looking for? 7
     2.2.2. What are the strategies of diversification? 11
     2.3. A more and more strategic territory: the Arctic circle 17
     2.3.1. What is the Arctic, characteristics, who owns it? 17
     2.3.2. What natural resources can we find in the Arctic? Why the Arctic? 21
     2.3.3. The polar silk roads: an extension of the Belt and Road Initiative 24
     3. Matching Chinese words with Chinese deeds 31
     3.1. Scientific and economic interests – the polar silk roads 31
     3.1.1. Scientific cooperation 31
     3.1.2. Increased investments and patterns 33
     3.1.3. Growing China/ Russian cooperation in the region 41
     3.2. The Chinese presence in the Arctic: an aggressive partner? Case study: Iceland and Greenland 46
     3.2.1. Iceland 47
     3.2.2. Greenland 50
     3.3. The limits of Chinese ambitions in the Arctic 56
     3.3.1. Sino-skepticism 57
     3.3.2. The emergence of new actors, especially in the Russian Arctic 63
     3.3.3. Ukraine invasion consequences: the creation of a new Arctic governance? 65
     3.3.4. The Arctic: a future military battlefield? 66
     4. Conclusion 71
     5. References 73
     
     
     List of Figures and Tables
     Figure 1: Map of the location of Natural resources (petroleum, gas, carbon) in the world 3
     Figure 2: Rare Earth Elements: where it comes from, what is it used in? 6
     Figure 3: China’s lithium import model 8
     Figure 4: China dominates the Rare Earth Market 9
     Figure 5: Map of the Belt and Road Initiative 14
     Figure 6: Map of the 6 economic corridors of the BRI 15
     Figure 7: Gwadar - route towards opportunity 16
     Figure 8: Countries composing the Arctic Council 19
     Figure 9: Map of Arctic resources and activities 23
     Figure 10: The Polar silk Roads 26
     Figure 11: Shortest Northern Sea Route 27
     Figure 12: Map of the Arctic Railway 28
     Figure 13: Value of Chinese Investment in Arctic Countries 2005 - 2017 in billions 34
     Figure 14: Value of Chinese energy imports from Russia 2021 - 2022 43
     Figure 15: map of Arkhangelsk 45
     Figure 16: Map of Chinese mining projects in Greenland 52
     Figure 17: Website of Greenland Minerals LTD 57
     Figure 18: Greenland Minerals Ltd. mentions of China 2015 - 2021 58
     Figure 19: Mike Pompeo tweet, 2021 61
     Figure 20: Maps of Russian Northern fleet and military bases 67
     Figure 20 (continued): Maps of Russian Northern fleet and military bases 68
     
     Table 1: Main suppliers of crude oil to China in 2020 and 2021 10
     Table 2: Chinese expeditions to the Arctic 1999-2020 32
     Table 3: Chinese investment in the Nordic region as of 2020 35
     Table 4: Chinese investments patterns in the Arctic region 37
     Table 4 (continued): Chinese investments patterns in the Arctic region 38
     Table 5: Past and present Chinese projects in the North American Arctic 39
     Table 5 (continued): Past and present Chinese projects in the North American Arctic 40		zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0111933055en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 自然資源zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 中國商業zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 北極zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 投資模式zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Natural resourcesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Chinese businessen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Arcticen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Investments patternsen_US
dc.title (題名) 自然資源與北極：從中國一帶一路架構分析zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Securing natural resources: China and the Arctic in the frame of the Belt and Road Initiativeen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
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