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題名 官僚回應性認知及其對參與式治理態度的影響:Q與R方法論之整合性研究
The Cognitions of Bureaucratic Responsiveness and Its Influence on Attitudes toward Participatory Governance: A Research Integrating Q and R Methodologies作者 陳揚中
Chen, Yang-Chung貢獻者 陳敦源
Chen, Don-Yun
陳揚中
Chen, Yang-Chung關鍵詞 官僚回應性
主體性
Q方法論
混合方法研究
工作要求-資源模型
Bureaucratic responsiveness
Subjectivity
Q methodology
mixed-methods research
Job demand-resource model (JD-R Model)日期 2023 上傳時間 6-Jul-2023 16:56:58 (UTC+8) 摘要 官僚人員是作為國家運作與公共服務的核心體系與關鍵角色,如果希望探究公共行政的本質,自然也無法忽略官僚的主體性及其影響,然而公共行政領域過往相對較著重規範性理論的發展,而長期忽略對官僚主體性的重視,也對於適用於主體性研究的Q方法論少有關注。本研究針對公共行政領域的關鍵議題官僚回應性為研究主題,以參與式治理的發展與影響為脈絡,探討當代民主治理的圖像轉變,爬梳官僚回應性的概念與研究發展,並藉由整合Q與R方法論的混合方法研究途徑,針對官僚回應性認知與對推動參與式治理政策之態度影響進行研究。本研究首先透過Q方法論的研究途徑探索與重構官僚本身對於官僚回應性的代表性認知類型,藉此深化對於官僚回應性的理解,同時也補充官僚回應性的經驗性研究大多著重於回應結果層面的測量,缺乏對於官僚如何思考與權衡多元回應要求的理解。對此,本研究針對臺北市政府公務人員為例,從中發現並詮釋出三種主要的官僚回應性認知類型,分別為:一、意向社群主義的烏托邦官僚;二、受制關係文化的官僚多元主義;三、重視中立能力的首長代理人。此外,本研究並基於此研究成果,進一步針對臺北市政府區公所之公務人員進行問卷調查,藉此了解三種官僚回應性認知類型在臺北市政府區公所公務人員當中的自我認同狀況,以及可能影響其認同程度的因素外,並配合工作要求-資源模型,以官僚回應性認知為官僚的關鍵心理資源變數,檢視其在工作要求、工作資源,以及對於推動參與式治理政策態度間的影響關係。最後,本研究針對官僚回應性認知及其對於推動參與式治理政策態度之影響等研究結果,以及Q與R方法論的混合方法研究設計與操作進行討論,並針對後續研究精進和相關實務發展提出建議。
Bureaucrats are the core role in the operation of the state. Therefore, their subjectivity and influence cannot be ignored when exploring the essence of public administration. However, the development of normative theories has been relatively emphasized in the field of public administration, while the importance of bureaucratic subjectivity has been neglected for a long time. Additionally, there has been little attention given to the Q methodology, which is applicable for subjectivity research. This study focuses on the core issue in the field of public administration, namely bureaucratic responsiveness, and conduct a mixed-methods research approach that combines Q and R methodologies to explore and analyze bureaucratic subjectivity. Against the background of the development and impact of participatory governance, this study describes the changes in the image of democratic governance, the impact on the concept of bureaucratic responsiveness, and further investigates the cognition of bureaucratic responsiveness and its effect on attitudes towards promoting policy of participatory governance. Firstly, by using the Q methodology, this study explores and reconstructs three representative cognitive types of bureaucratic responsiveness from public servants in the Taipei City Government: (1) Utopian bureaucrats of Communitarianism; (2) Bureaucratic pluralism under the constraint of Guanxi; (3) executive agents who value neutral ability. That supplements previous experiential researches on bureaucratic responsiveness, which mainly focus on measuring response results but lack understanding of how bureaucrats think and weigh multiple response requirements. In addition, this study conducts a questionnaire survey of public servants in the district offices of the Taipei City Government to understand their self-identity regarding the three types of cognitive bureaucratic responsiveness. Furthermore, this study examines the impact of bureaucratic responsiveness cognition, job demand, job resources towards attitudes of promoting participatory governance policy, which coordinated with the job demand-resource model. 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國立政治大學
公共行政學系
103256503資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0103256503 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 陳敦源 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Chen, Don-Yun en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳揚中 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chen, Yang-Chung en_US dc.creator (作者) 陳揚中 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Chen, Yang-Chung en_US dc.date (日期) 2023 en_US dc.date.accessioned 6-Jul-2023 16:56:58 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 6-Jul-2023 16:56:58 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 6-Jul-2023 16:56:58 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0103256503 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/145906 - dc.description (描述) 博士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 公共行政學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 103256503 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 官僚人員是作為國家運作與公共服務的核心體系與關鍵角色,如果希望探究公共行政的本質,自然也無法忽略官僚的主體性及其影響,然而公共行政領域過往相對較著重規範性理論的發展,而長期忽略對官僚主體性的重視,也對於適用於主體性研究的Q方法論少有關注。本研究針對公共行政領域的關鍵議題官僚回應性為研究主題,以參與式治理的發展與影響為脈絡,探討當代民主治理的圖像轉變,爬梳官僚回應性的概念與研究發展,並藉由整合Q與R方法論的混合方法研究途徑,針對官僚回應性認知與對推動參與式治理政策之態度影響進行研究。本研究首先透過Q方法論的研究途徑探索與重構官僚本身對於官僚回應性的代表性認知類型,藉此深化對於官僚回應性的理解,同時也補充官僚回應性的經驗性研究大多著重於回應結果層面的測量,缺乏對於官僚如何思考與權衡多元回應要求的理解。對此,本研究針對臺北市政府公務人員為例,從中發現並詮釋出三種主要的官僚回應性認知類型,分別為:一、意向社群主義的烏托邦官僚;二、受制關係文化的官僚多元主義;三、重視中立能力的首長代理人。此外,本研究並基於此研究成果,進一步針對臺北市政府區公所之公務人員進行問卷調查,藉此了解三種官僚回應性認知類型在臺北市政府區公所公務人員當中的自我認同狀況,以及可能影響其認同程度的因素外,並配合工作要求-資源模型,以官僚回應性認知為官僚的關鍵心理資源變數,檢視其在工作要求、工作資源,以及對於推動參與式治理政策態度間的影響關係。最後,本研究針對官僚回應性認知及其對於推動參與式治理政策態度之影響等研究結果,以及Q與R方法論的混合方法研究設計與操作進行討論,並針對後續研究精進和相關實務發展提出建議。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Bureaucrats are the core role in the operation of the state. Therefore, their subjectivity and influence cannot be ignored when exploring the essence of public administration. However, the development of normative theories has been relatively emphasized in the field of public administration, while the importance of bureaucratic subjectivity has been neglected for a long time. Additionally, there has been little attention given to the Q methodology, which is applicable for subjectivity research. This study focuses on the core issue in the field of public administration, namely bureaucratic responsiveness, and conduct a mixed-methods research approach that combines Q and R methodologies to explore and analyze bureaucratic subjectivity. Against the background of the development and impact of participatory governance, this study describes the changes in the image of democratic governance, the impact on the concept of bureaucratic responsiveness, and further investigates the cognition of bureaucratic responsiveness and its effect on attitudes towards promoting policy of participatory governance. Firstly, by using the Q methodology, this study explores and reconstructs three representative cognitive types of bureaucratic responsiveness from public servants in the Taipei City Government: (1) Utopian bureaucrats of Communitarianism; (2) Bureaucratic pluralism under the constraint of Guanxi; (3) executive agents who value neutral ability. That supplements previous experiential researches on bureaucratic responsiveness, which mainly focus on measuring response results but lack understanding of how bureaucrats think and weigh multiple response requirements. In addition, this study conducts a questionnaire survey of public servants in the district offices of the Taipei City Government to understand their self-identity regarding the three types of cognitive bureaucratic responsiveness. Furthermore, this study examines the impact of bureaucratic responsiveness cognition, job demand, job resources towards attitudes of promoting participatory governance policy, which coordinated with the job demand-resource model. Finally, this study proposes suggestions for the design of the mixed-methods research integrating Q and R methodologies. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1第一節 研究背景與動機 1第二節 研究目的與問題 9第二章 文獻探討 11第一節 民主治理之關係與轉變 11第二節 參與式治理與參與式預算 18第三節 官僚回應性 31第四節 工作要求-資源模型 45第三章 方法論與研究設計 55第一節 Q方法論與主體性的研究 56第二節 Q與R方法論之整合 58第三節 研究設計與操作化 63第四節 調查對象、實施方式與期間 74第四章 Q的官僚回應性研究: 官僚主體性的展現與詮釋 79第一節 Q排列因子分析 79第二節 官僚回應性認知類型詮釋 82第三節 三種官僚回應性認知之解析 99第五章 R的官僚回應性研究: 官僚主觀認知的調查與關係檢驗 110第一節 官僚回應性認知的自我認同調查 110第二節 主要變數之描述統計結果 119第三節 背景變數對於主要變數的平均數差異性檢定 122第四節 主要變數之相關性分析 128第五節 參與式治理政策態度之關聯性分析 134第六章 研究結論 147第一節 研究發現與省思 148第二節 Q與R方法論的混合方法研究設計檢討 159第三節 研究限制與未來研究建議 165參考文獻 169附錄一:官僚回應性Q樣本 185附錄二:問卷題項與資料來源 189附錄三:調查問卷 198附錄四:問卷量表信效度檢驗結果 207附錄五:問卷樣本代表性檢定表 213附錄六:各認知類型之標準化因子排序 214附錄七:各認知類型之共識語句與區別語句 221附錄八:背景變數對主要變數之獨立樣本T檢定結果 228附錄九:年齡、年資與主要變數之變異數檢定結果 230附錄十:問卷變數之相關係數矩陣 232 zh_TW dc.format.extent 4191454 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0103256503 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 官僚回應性 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 主體性 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Q方法論 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 混合方法研究 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 工作要求-資源模型 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Bureaucratic responsiveness en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Subjectivity en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Q methodology en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) mixed-methods research en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Job demand-resource model (JD-R Model) en_US dc.title (題名) 官僚回應性認知及其對參與式治理態度的影響:Q與R方法論之整合性研究 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Cognitions of Bureaucratic Responsiveness and Its Influence on Attitudes toward Participatory Governance: A Research Integrating Q and R Methodologies en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文部分Babbie, E.(2004)。社會科學研究方法(上/下冊)(李美華、孔祥明、李明寰、林嘉娟、王婷玉、李承宇合譯)。湯姆生出版;時英發行。(原著出版於2001)Röcke, A.(2017)。公民參與的框架與擴散:法、德、英的參與式預算(國家教育研究院主譯,白舜羽譯)。國家教育研究院。(原著出版於2014)方凱弘(2014)。治理與公民參與-淡水河流域治理之Q方法論分析。臺灣民主季刊,11(1),41-101。方凱弘、陳揚中(2018)。預算治理:省思臺北市參與式預算之民主與預算意涵。載於紀俊臣、邱榮舉(主編),地方治理的問題與對策:理論與實務分析(317-347頁)。致知學術王光旭(2015)。文官面對爭議性政策角色衝突之初探:以馬政府執行有條件開放美牛政策為例。政策與人力管理,6(1),59-101。余致力(2000)。論公共行政在民主治理過程中的正當角色:黑堡宣言的內涵、定位與啟示。公共行政學報,4,1-30。余致力(2016)民主與行政:政黨輪替對文官體系的衝擊與影響。文官制度,8(3),1-20。余致力、方凱弘、蘇毓昌(2018)。貪腐為何難以界定?Q方法論在廉政研究之應用。行政暨政策學報,67,39-78。宋餘俠、胡雅芳(2013)。公共治理與行政院組織體制及職能調整。公共治理季刊,1(1),61-72。杜文苓(2015)。環境風險與公共治理-探索臺灣環境民主實踐之道。五南。杜文苓、陳致中(2007)。民眾參與公共決策的反思-以竹科宜蘭基地設置為例。臺灣民主季刊,4(3),33-62。林煥笙(2021)。公民參與的制度設計與公共價值創造:臺北市的個案研究〔未出版博士論文〕。國立政治大學公共行政學系。邱皓政(2011)。結構方程式:LISREL/ SIMPLIS原理與應用(二版)。雙葉書廊。柯于璋(2009)。從公民治理的觀點論台灣參與式社區規劃之課題與展望。台灣土地研究,12(1),125-151。洪瑞斌(2013)。職業倦怠研究在台灣之回顧與前瞻。人力資源管理學報,13(3),107-140。孫同文(2003)。從威權政府到民主治理:台灣公共行政理論與實務之變遷。元照。孫同文(2023)。主體性科學:Q方法論的理論與操作。元照。孫同文、王家英(2004)。台灣國族認同的再檢驗:R與Q的對話。Occasional Paper No. 142。香港中文大學,香港亞太研究所。孫煒(2020)。臺灣地方基層官僚推動參與式預算的治理模式:桃園市案例研究。政治科學論叢,85,139-178。專業者都市改革組織、社區改造聯盟(1999)。地區環境改造計畫執行成果評估與機制強化策略規劃(摘要)。空間雜誌,119(990715)。許友芳、蘇子喬(2021)。直接民主與代議民主的融合:瑞士與德國公民投票制度的探討。行政暨政策學報,72,115-157。陳文學(2018)。地方政府推動公民參與的行動反思:以文化部補助公所推展社區型參與式預算為例。人事行政,205,10-20。陳佳宏(2018)。如何以開放平台有效推進政策之案例與啟示。臺灣經濟研究月刊,41(10),62-69。陳佳雯、陸洛、許雅玉(2012)。工作要求、工作資源與員工工作態度之關聯:以勤勉審慎性及主動性人格為調節變項。人力資源管理學報,12(1),23-49。陳揚中(2013)。官僚病態認知與官僚社會化-Q方法論之個案研究〔未出版碩士論文〕。國立暨南國際大學公共行政與政策學系。陳揚中、陳敦源、張鎧如、董祥開(2021)。臺灣公務人員追求職涯成功的「為官之道」認知:Q方法論之研究。行政暨政策學報,72,1-66。陳敦源(2010)。台灣民主治理機制鞏固之研究-權力轉換與文官中立:態度、可信承諾、與政務/事務人員關係(台灣政府文官調查第一期,TGBS I)(公共版)(E96048)【原始數據】取自中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心調查研究專題中心學術調查研究資料庫。https://doi.org/10.6141/TW-SRDA-E96048-1陳敦源(2012)。民主治理:公共行政與民主政治的制度性調和(第二版)。五南。陳敦源、吳舜文、陳揚中、王光旭(2019)。從工作要求資源模式檢視公共衛生護理人員職業倦怠因素:以公共服務動機為調節變數。台灣衛誌,38(5),478-497。陳敦源、黃東益、蕭乃沂、郭思禹(2006)。官僚回應性與內部顧客關係管理:臺北市政府市長信箱個案研究。行政暨政策學報,42,143-182。陳嫈郁(2012)。治理理論與國家職能的辯證:英國觀點。政治科學論叢,53,1-52。傅凱若(2019)。民主創新與公共價值創造的實踐-以臺灣都會區參與式預算為例。臺灣民主季刊,16(4),93-141。曾冠球(2013)。書評:確保公共官僚組織成為民主的守護神。公共行政學報,45,109-119。曾冠球、陳敦源、胡龍騰(2009)。推展公民導向的電子化政府:願景或幻想?公共行政學報,33,1-43。湯京平、簡秀昭、張華(2013)。參與式治理和正義的永續性:比較兩岸原住民發展政策的制度創意。人文及社會科學集刊,25(3),457-483。程麗華(2015)。公共政策網路參與平台。政府機關資訊通報,328,22-28。黃東益(2008)。審議過後-從行政部門觀點探討公民會議的政策連結。東吳政治學報,26(4),59-96。黃建勳(2018)。為民而戰的游擊隊政府?初探臺灣文官異議行為與動機。政治科學論叢,76,159-198。黃建勳、陳敦源(2018)。政務事務互動關係:臺灣文官對政治的容忍之研究。東吳政治學報,36(2),1-64。黃鉦堤(2003)。當代德國政策調控理論-行動理論與系統理論的爭論。翰蘆圖書。葉婉榆、鄭雅文、陳美如、邱文祥(2008)。職場疲勞量表的編制與信效度分析。台灣衛誌,27,349-364。董祥開、張鎧如、陳敦源、陳揚中(2021)。「合得來」重要嗎?公務人員個人組織配適度對工作滿意度之影響。社會科學論叢,15(1),45-84。董祥開、楊庭安(2019)。從個人風險特質與組織激勵措施探討公務人員之創新行為-以計畫行為理論為分析架構。空大公行學報,34,1-40。廖洲棚(2019)。官僚回應性的邏輯:臺灣經驗的觀察與省思。翰蘆圖書。廖洲棚、陳敦源、廖興中(2013)。揭開地方文官回應民意的「秘箱」:臺灣六都1999熱線的質化分析。文官制度季刊,5(1),49-84。蔡允棟(2001)。官僚組織回應力之研究:個案實證分析。政治科學論叢,151,209-240。鄭怡世、巫麗雪、劉幸宜(2017)臺灣老人日間照顧服務從業人員職場疲勞之探究。社會政策與社會工作學刊,21(2),1-53。盧孟宗、葉欣怡(2020)。審議民主及其不滿:以參與式預算先驅計畫的質疑或反對理由為例。台灣社會學,40,111-142。謝宏昌(2003)。我國參與式規劃推動概況與實踐結果之實證分析(編號:NSC 91-2415-H-006-002-00)。行政院國科會研究計畫成果報告,。羅凱凌(2017)。公共參與真的能提升效能感嗎?以全民健康保險會之利害關係團體參與為例。公共行政學報,53,25-77。蘇偉業(2012)。南轅北轍的議題與路徑:政治轉型下台灣與香港文官中立機制之比較。公共行政學報,43,35-62。蘇彩足(2017)。公部門推動參與式預算之經驗與省思。文官制度季刊,9(2),1-22。蘇彩足、孫煒、蔡馨芳(2015)。政府實施參與式預算之可行性評估(編號:NDC-DSD-103-020-005)。國家發展委員會。英文部分Aberbach, J., Putnam, R. 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