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題名 家外之家：後疫情時代美籍台裔回遷
A Homeland Away from Home: Ethnic Return Migration of Taiwanese Americans in the Post-Covid Era
作者 黃嘉儀
Wong, Tiffany Jia Yi
貢獻者 樂南
Nachman, Lev
黃嘉儀
Wong, Tiffany Jia Yi
關鍵詞 台裔
反遷
新冠肺炎
針對亞裔的種族主義
身分認同
Taiwanese Americans
Migration
Covid-19
Identity construction
Anti-Asian racism
日期 2023
上傳時間 2-Aug-2023 13:47:54 (UTC+8)
摘要 在他們的祖輩定居美國僅僅兩三代後，臺裔美國人現在開始回到臺灣定居。其中許多人是在Covid-19疫情爆發後遷移回臺灣的，這引發了人們對美國和臺灣政府治理和社會狀況的比較。哪些因素可以解釋臺裔美國人遷回臺灣的不同原因？本研究顯示，在Covid-19疫情期間，政府健康治理方式和能力、種族主義和地緣政治因素影響了族裔做出遷回祖國的決定。根據20份半結構化的訪談，本研究發現五個主要因素，不同程度地促使臺美人移居臺灣：(1) 政府健康治理方式和能力，(2) 尋根和身份認同，(3) 反亞裔種族主義，(4) 職業發展機會和 (5) 地緣政治。我認爲，現有的關於族裔迴流遷移的推拉理論過於簡化，必須在後疫情時代，移民條件發生改變後進行重新審視。本研究的結果表明，在後疫情時代，族裔迴流遷移產生了新的理論，移民具有更強烈的動機和條件在祖國去尋求自己的身份認同。
Just two or three generations after their ancestors settled in America, Taiwanese Americans are now moving back to Taiwan. Many of them moved after the Covid-19 pandemic began, prompting comparisons between governance and society in the U.S. and Taiwan. What factors help explain variation in why some Taiwanese Americans have returned to Taiwan? This study shows how health governance, racism and geopolitical factors affected ethnic return migration during the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on 20 semi-structured interviews, this study discovers five key factors that motivated Taiwanese Americans to move to Taiwan to varying degrees: (1) Health governance, (2) Roots searching, (3) Anti-Asian racism, (4) Career development and (5) Geopolitics. I argue that existing push-pull theories of ethnic return migration which focus on ethnic identity and economic gain are oversimplified and must be revisited in a post-pandemic era, which changed the conditions for migration. The findings of this study suggest a new theory of post-pandemic ethnic return migration in which diaspora have both strong incentives and a means to explore their identity in the ethnic homeland.
參考文獻 Arrigo, Linda. 2006. “Patterns of Personal and Political Life among Taiwanese-Americans.” Taiwan Inquiry 1. https://www.academia.edu/11045576/Patterns_of_Personal_and_Political_Life_among_Taiwanese_Americans (June 21, 2023).
“Census Data.” Taiwanese American Citizens League. https://tacl.org/censusdata/ (July 9, 2023).
Chang, Cindy, and Anh Do. 2020. “L.A.-Area Residents Flock to Taiwan to Vote in ‘do or Die’ Presidential Election.” Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-01-10/california-residents-vote-taiwanese-presidential-election (February 28, 2023).
Chang, Eric. 2023. “Taiwan Tracks 4 Chinese Military Aircraft, 3 Naval Ships around Country.” Taiwan News. https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4822638 (February 27, 2023).
Chen, Aspen. 2021. “‘Going to America’: An Overview on Taiwanese Migration to the US.” Taiwan Insight. https://taiwaninsight.org/2021/06/15/going-to-america-an-overview-on-taiwanese-migration-to-the-us/ (June 4, 2023).
Chen, Cathy W. S., Sangyeol Lee, Manh Cuong Dong, and Masanobu Taniguchi. 2021. “What Factors Drive the Satisfaction of Citizens with Governments’ Responses to COVID-19?” International Journal of Infectious Diseases 102: 327–31.
Chen, H. Alexander, and Jessica Trinh. 2020. “Anti-Asian Sentiment in the United States – COVID-19 and History.” The American Journal of Surgery 220(3): 556–57.
Chiang, Lan-Hung Nora, and Pei-Chun Sunny Liao. 2008. “Back to Taiwan: Adaptation and Self-Identity of Young Taiwanese Return Migrants from Australia.” Journal of Population Studies (36).
Daniels, Chelsea, Paul DiMaggio, G. Cristina Mora, and Hana Shepherd. 2021. “Has Pandemic Threat Stoked Xenophobia? How COVID-19 Influences California Voters’ Attitudes toward Diversity and Immigration.” Sociological Forum (Randolph, N.J.) 36(4): 889–915.
De Leon, Adrian. 2020. “The Long History of Racism against Asian Americans in the U.S.” PBS NewsHour. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/the-long-history-of-racism-against-asian-americans-in-the-u-s (July 9, 2023).
“Election Study Center, NCCU-Taiwanese / Chinese Identity.” 2023. https://esc.nccu.edu.tw/PageDoc/Detail?fid=7800&id=6961 (February 24, 2023).
Gover, Angela R., Shannon B. Harper, and Lynn Langton. 2020. “Anti-Asian Hate Crime During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Exploring the Reproduction of Inequality.” American journal of criminal justice: AJCJ 45(4): 647–67.
Gu, Chien-Juh. 2014. “Contextualizing Vocabularies of Motive in International Migration: The Case of Taiwanese in the United States.” International Migration 52(2): 158–77.
Huang, Aaron. 2020. “Combatting and Defeating Chinese Propaganda and Disinformation: A Case Study of Taiwan’s 2020 Elections.” Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School. https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/combatting-and-defeating-chinese-propaganda-and-disinformation-case-study-taiwans-2020 (March 1, 2023).
Huang, Justin T., Masha Krupenkin, David Rothschild, and Julia Lee Cunningham. 2023. “The Cost of Anti-Asian Racism during the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Nature Human Behaviour: 1–14.
Lee. 2022. “Confronting the Invisibility of Anti-Asian Racism.” Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/confronting-the-invisibility-of-anti-asian-racism/ (July 9, 2023).
Lee, Helene Kim. 2009. “Bittersweet Homecomings: Ethnic Identity Construction in the Korean Diaspora.” Ph.D. University of California, Santa Barbara. https://www.proquest.com/docview/304856643/abstract/AE7A1155093549DBPQ/1 (February 16, 2023).
Leung, Carrianne. 2008. “The Yellow Peril Revisited: The Impact of Sars on Chinese and Southeast Asian Communities.” Resources for Feminist Research 33(1/2): 135-149,155.
Lin, Hsien-Ming. 2022. “Overseas Taiwanese Negotiations of ‘Chinese Identity’ in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic.” British Journal of Chinese Studies 12: 118–23.
Makinen, Julie. 2016. “Americans from Taiwan Return Home to Vote and Boost Democracy.” Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-taiwan-voters-20160113-story.html (February 28, 2023).
Mathieu, Edouard et al. 2020. “Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19).” Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/covid-cases (March 9, 2023).
———. 2023. “Taiwan: Coronavirus Pandemic Country Profile.” Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus/country/taiwan (February 21, 2023).
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. 2022. “A/HRC/PRST/43/1: Statement by the President of the Human Rights Council on the Human Rights Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/statements/ahrcprst431-statement-president-human-rights-council-human-rights-implications (May 22, 2023).
Ong, Paul, Alycia Cheng, and Jonathan Ong. 2021. “Asian American Businesses: The Impacts of Anti-Asian Racism, 2021.” https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1x62v28m (March 1, 2023).
Pandey, Purnima, and Mei-kuei Yu. 2022. “Experiences of Foreign Residents during COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan | Elsevier Enhanced Reader.” https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S2666623522000034?token=9E2482BADBFFE22FFB48A3D99A3F521ECFC1DC76CB6D3E5FC3DFA34D9E225365FB3C0049D1AAFCD0DCE4CB862006B8EC&originRegion=us-east-1&originCreation=20230215081811 (February 15, 2023).
Passel, Jeffrey. 2021. “How Many Taiwanese Live in the U.S.? It’s Not an Easy Question to Answer.” Pew Research Center: Decoded. https://medium.com/pew-research-center-decoded/how-many-taiwanese-live-in-the-u-s-its-not-an-easy-question-to-answer-315c042839dc (February 26, 2023).
Puang, Serena. 2021. “Asians in U.S. Share Reasons They’re Now Looking at Opportunities Abroad.” NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/asians-us-share-reasons-now-looking-opportunities-abroad-rcna1171 (May 6, 2023).
Qin, Amy, Jill Cowan, Shawn Hubler, and Amy Chang Chien. 2022. “They Inhabited Separate Worlds in Taiwan. Decades Later, They Collided in a California Church.” The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/12/world/asia/taiwanese-church-shooting-pastor-gunman.html (July 2, 2023).
Righting Wrongs: How Civil Rights Can Protect Asian Americans & Pacific Islanders Against Racism. 2023. Stop AAPI Hate. https://stopaapihate.org/2023/05/03/righting-wrongs-how-civil-rights-can-protect-asian-americans-pacific-islanders-against-racism/ (July 8, 2023).
Sargent, Carolyn, and Stéphanie Larchanché. 2011. “Transnational Migration and Global Health: The Production and Management of Risk, Illness, and Access to Care.” Annual Review of Anthropology 40: 345–61.
Shah, Nayan. 2001. Contagious Divides: Epidemics and Race in San Francisco’s Chinatown. University of California Press.
Shieh, Shawn. 2023. “Collaborative Governance in Taiwan’s Covid-19 Pandemic Response: Lessons Learned from a Human Rights Perspective.” International Center for Not-for-Profit Law.
Stong, Matthew. 2019. “Taiwan Will Be a Super-Aged Society by 2026.” Taiwan News. https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3636704 (February 21, 2023).
Tse, John Kwock-Ping. 2000. “Language and a Rising New Identity in Taiwan.” 2000(143): 151–64.
Tsuda, Takeyuki. 2013. “When the Diaspora Returns Home.” In A Companion to Diaspora and Transnationalism, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 172–89. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781118320792.ch10 (January 31, 2023).
Wan, William. 2004. “Taiwanese Americans Take Long Flight Home to Vote.” Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-mar-20-me-voting20-story.html (February 28, 2023).
Wang, Bing. 2020. “Strait to the Point: A Transnational Analysis of the Formation of a Taiwanese American Identity.” M.A. University of California, Los Angeles. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2421500627/abstract/F593DEDA279E4A6EPQ/1 (June 21, 2023).
Wang, Bing, and Min Zhou. 2021. “Understanding Intraethnic Diversity: The Formation of a Taiwanese American Identity.” Journal of Chinese Overseas 17(1): 58–83.
Wang, Claire. 2021. “Taiwanese in U.S. Insist Their Identity Is Not a ‘Political Choice’— but Must Be a Census Option.” NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/taiwanese-us-insist-identity-not-political-choice-must-census-option-rcna2225 (February 25, 2023).
Wang, Leslie K. 2016. “The Benefits of In-Betweenness: Return Migration of Second-Generation Chinese American Professionals to China.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 42(12): 1941–58.
Watt, Louise. 2020. “Here’s What Taiwan Told the WHO at the Start of the Virus Outbreak.” Time. https://time.com/5826025/taiwan-who-trump-coronavirus-covid19/ (July 10, 2023).
Wong, Tiffany. 2020. “Little Noticed, Filipino Americans Are Dying of COVID-19 at an Alarming Rate.” Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-07-21/filipino-americans-dying-covid (February 17, 2023).
Wu, Charles S. K., Yao-Yuan Yeh, Fang-Yu Chen, and Austin Horng-En Wang. 2023. “Why NGOs Are Boosting Support for Self-Defense in Taiwan.” The National Interest. https://nationalinterest.org/feature/why-ngos-are-boosting-support-self-defense-taiwan-206240 (March 1, 2023).
Yan, Brandon W. et al. 2021. “Death Toll of COVID-19 on Asian Americans: Disparities Revealed.” Journal of General Internal Medicine 36(11): 3545–49.
Zhang, Emily et al. 2022. “Learning about Discrimination during Childhood: Implications for Racial Trauma among Asians and Asian Americans during the Pandemic.” Asian Journal of Psychiatry 77: 103250.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)
110926025
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110926025
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 樂南zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Nachman, Leven_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 黃嘉儀zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Wong, Tiffany Jia Yien_US
dc.creator (作者) 黃嘉儀zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Wong, Tiffany Jia Yien_US
dc.date (日期) 2023en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-Aug-2023 13:47:54 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-Aug-2023 13:47:54 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Aug-2023 13:47:54 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0110926025en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/146505-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 110926025zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 在他們的祖輩定居美國僅僅兩三代後，臺裔美國人現在開始回到臺灣定居。其中許多人是在Covid-19疫情爆發後遷移回臺灣的，這引發了人們對美國和臺灣政府治理和社會狀況的比較。哪些因素可以解釋臺裔美國人遷回臺灣的不同原因？本研究顯示，在Covid-19疫情期間，政府健康治理方式和能力、種族主義和地緣政治因素影響了族裔做出遷回祖國的決定。根據20份半結構化的訪談，本研究發現五個主要因素，不同程度地促使臺美人移居臺灣：(1) 政府健康治理方式和能力，(2) 尋根和身份認同，(3) 反亞裔種族主義，(4) 職業發展機會和 (5) 地緣政治。我認爲，現有的關於族裔迴流遷移的推拉理論過於簡化，必須在後疫情時代，移民條件發生改變後進行重新審視。本研究的結果表明，在後疫情時代，族裔迴流遷移產生了新的理論，移民具有更強烈的動機和條件在祖國去尋求自己的身份認同。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Just two or three generations after their ancestors settled in America, Taiwanese Americans are now moving back to Taiwan. Many of them moved after the Covid-19 pandemic began, prompting comparisons between governance and society in the U.S. and Taiwan. What factors help explain variation in why some Taiwanese Americans have returned to Taiwan? This study shows how health governance, racism and geopolitical factors affected ethnic return migration during the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on 20 semi-structured interviews, this study discovers five key factors that motivated Taiwanese Americans to move to Taiwan to varying degrees: (1) Health governance, (2) Roots searching, (3) Anti-Asian racism, (4) Career development and (5) Geopolitics. I argue that existing push-pull theories of ethnic return migration which focus on ethnic identity and economic gain are oversimplified and must be revisited in a post-pandemic era, which changed the conditions for migration. The findings of this study suggest a new theory of post-pandemic ethnic return migration in which diaspora have both strong incentives and a means to explore their identity in the ethnic homeland.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents CHAPTER 1 7
Introduction 7
1.1 Case selection 8
1.2 Research question and significance 10
CHAPTER 2 12
Literature Review 12
2.1 Ethnic return migration 12
2.2 Satisfaction with pandemic responses 13
2.3 Geopolitical conflict and migration 14
2.4 Taiwanese American ethnic and national identity construction 16
2.5 Health crises and Anti-Asian racism in the U.S. 19
2.6 Hypotheses 21
CHAPTER 3 24
Methodology and Framework 24
3.1 Designing the semi-structured interview questions 25
3.2 Interviewee information 26
3.3 Ethical Consideration 26
CHAPTER 4 28
Findings 28
4.1 Interviewee profiles 28
4.2 Pandemic-related factors 34
4.2.1 Health governance 34
4.2.2 Roots searching 37
4.2.3 Anti-Asian racism 40
4.2.4 Career development 43
4.3 Geopolitics 47
CHAPTER 5 53
Discussion 53
5.1 Migration in a post-pandemic world 55
5.2 The role of racism in diasporic nationalism 56
CHAPTER 6 59
Conclusion 59
6.1 Study limitations and future research 61
References 63		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 5279698 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110926025en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 台裔zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 反遷zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 新冠肺炎zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 針對亞裔的種族主義zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 身分認同zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Taiwanese Americansen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Migrationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Covid-19en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Identity constructionen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Anti-Asian racismen_US
dc.title (題名) 家外之家：後疫情時代美籍台裔回遷zh_TW
dc.title (題名) A Homeland Away from Home: Ethnic Return Migration of Taiwanese Americans in the Post-Covid Eraen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Arrigo, Linda. 2006. “Patterns of Personal and Political Life among Taiwanese-Americans.” Taiwan Inquiry 1. https://www.academia.edu/11045576/Patterns_of_Personal_and_Political_Life_among_Taiwanese_Americans (June 21, 2023).
“Census Data.” Taiwanese American Citizens League. https://tacl.org/censusdata/ (July 9, 2023).
Chang, Cindy, and Anh Do. 2020. “L.A.-Area Residents Flock to Taiwan to Vote in ‘do or Die’ Presidential Election.” Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-01-10/california-residents-vote-taiwanese-presidential-election (February 28, 2023).
Chang, Eric. 2023. “Taiwan Tracks 4 Chinese Military Aircraft, 3 Naval Ships around Country.” Taiwan News. https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4822638 (February 27, 2023).
Chen, Aspen. 2021. “‘Going to America’: An Overview on Taiwanese Migration to the US.” Taiwan Insight. https://taiwaninsight.org/2021/06/15/going-to-america-an-overview-on-taiwanese-migration-to-the-us/ (June 4, 2023).
Chen, Cathy W. S., Sangyeol Lee, Manh Cuong Dong, and Masanobu Taniguchi. 2021. “What Factors Drive the Satisfaction of Citizens with Governments’ Responses to COVID-19?” International Journal of Infectious Diseases 102: 327–31.
Chen, H. Alexander, and Jessica Trinh. 2020. “Anti-Asian Sentiment in the United States – COVID-19 and History.” The American Journal of Surgery 220(3): 556–57.
Chiang, Lan-Hung Nora, and Pei-Chun Sunny Liao. 2008. “Back to Taiwan: Adaptation and Self-Identity of Young Taiwanese Return Migrants from Australia.” Journal of Population Studies (36).
Daniels, Chelsea, Paul DiMaggio, G. Cristina Mora, and Hana Shepherd. 2021. “Has Pandemic Threat Stoked Xenophobia? How COVID-19 Influences California Voters’ Attitudes toward Diversity and Immigration.” Sociological Forum (Randolph, N.J.) 36(4): 889–915.
De Leon, Adrian. 2020. “The Long History of Racism against Asian Americans in the U.S.” PBS NewsHour. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/the-long-history-of-racism-against-asian-americans-in-the-u-s (July 9, 2023).
“Election Study Center, NCCU-Taiwanese / Chinese Identity.” 2023. https://esc.nccu.edu.tw/PageDoc/Detail?fid=7800&id=6961 (February 24, 2023).
Gover, Angela R., Shannon B. Harper, and Lynn Langton. 2020. “Anti-Asian Hate Crime During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Exploring the Reproduction of Inequality.” American journal of criminal justice: AJCJ 45(4): 647–67.
Gu, Chien-Juh. 2014. “Contextualizing Vocabularies of Motive in International Migration: The Case of Taiwanese in the United States.” International Migration 52(2): 158–77.
Huang, Aaron. 2020. “Combatting and Defeating Chinese Propaganda and Disinformation: A Case Study of Taiwan’s 2020 Elections.” Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School. https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/combatting-and-defeating-chinese-propaganda-and-disinformation-case-study-taiwans-2020 (March 1, 2023).
Huang, Justin T., Masha Krupenkin, David Rothschild, and Julia Lee Cunningham. 2023. “The Cost of Anti-Asian Racism during the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Nature Human Behaviour: 1–14.
Lee. 2022. “Confronting the Invisibility of Anti-Asian Racism.” Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/confronting-the-invisibility-of-anti-asian-racism/ (July 9, 2023).
Lee, Helene Kim. 2009. “Bittersweet Homecomings: Ethnic Identity Construction in the Korean Diaspora.” Ph.D. University of California, Santa Barbara. https://www.proquest.com/docview/304856643/abstract/AE7A1155093549DBPQ/1 (February 16, 2023).
Leung, Carrianne. 2008. “The Yellow Peril Revisited: The Impact of Sars on Chinese and Southeast Asian Communities.” Resources for Feminist Research 33(1/2): 135-149,155.
Lin, Hsien-Ming. 2022. “Overseas Taiwanese Negotiations of ‘Chinese Identity’ in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic.” British Journal of Chinese Studies 12: 118–23.
Makinen, Julie. 2016. “Americans from Taiwan Return Home to Vote and Boost Democracy.” Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-taiwan-voters-20160113-story.html (February 28, 2023).
Mathieu, Edouard et al. 2020. “Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19).” Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/covid-cases (March 9, 2023).
———. 2023. “Taiwan: Coronavirus Pandemic Country Profile.” Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus/country/taiwan (February 21, 2023).
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. 2022. “A/HRC/PRST/43/1: Statement by the President of the Human Rights Council on the Human Rights Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/statements/ahrcprst431-statement-president-human-rights-council-human-rights-implications (May 22, 2023).
Ong, Paul, Alycia Cheng, and Jonathan Ong. 2021. “Asian American Businesses: The Impacts of Anti-Asian Racism, 2021.” https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1x62v28m (March 1, 2023).
Pandey, Purnima, and Mei-kuei Yu. 2022. “Experiences of Foreign Residents during COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan | Elsevier Enhanced Reader.” https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S2666623522000034?token=9E2482BADBFFE22FFB48A3D99A3F521ECFC1DC76CB6D3E5FC3DFA34D9E225365FB3C0049D1AAFCD0DCE4CB862006B8EC&originRegion=us-east-1&originCreation=20230215081811 (February 15, 2023).
Passel, Jeffrey. 2021. “How Many Taiwanese Live in the U.S.? It’s Not an Easy Question to Answer.” Pew Research Center: Decoded. https://medium.com/pew-research-center-decoded/how-many-taiwanese-live-in-the-u-s-its-not-an-easy-question-to-answer-315c042839dc (February 26, 2023).
Puang, Serena. 2021. “Asians in U.S. Share Reasons They’re Now Looking at Opportunities Abroad.” NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/asians-us-share-reasons-now-looking-opportunities-abroad-rcna1171 (May 6, 2023).
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