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題名 世界競爭力與政府支出—以OECD國家分析
Global Competitiveness Index and Government Spending: Evidence from OECD Countries作者 林宜萱
Lin, Yi-Xuan貢獻者 黃智聰
Huang, Jr-Tsung
林宜萱
Lin, Yi-Xuan關鍵詞 政府支出
世界競爭力
動態空間自相關迴歸模型
一般化動差方法
Government Spending
Global Competitiveness
Dynamic Spatial Autoregressive Model
Generalized Method of Moments日期 2023 上傳時間 2-Aug-2023 13:59:13 (UTC+8) 摘要 本研究以經濟合作暨發展組織（Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development，OECD）的 35 個會員國加上臺灣，於 2009 年至 2017 年期間之追蹤資料為樣本，探討政府支出對於世界競爭力的影響，以及世界競爭力的空間相關性和動態效果，透過動態空間自相關迴歸模型（Dynamic Spatial Autoregressive Model，DSAR），與一般化動差方法（Generalized Method of Moments，GMM）進行實證估計，而世界競爭力的衡量指標，採用日內瓦世界經濟論壇（World Economic Forum，WEF）發布的報告中，一個決定競爭力的變數—世界競爭力指數（Global Competitiveness Index，GCI）。實證結果得出以下三個主要研究結論，首先，世界競爭力的空間相關性和動態效果皆為正向影響，表示當一國的世界競爭力相對較高時，其鄰國的世界競爭力也會較高，而世界競爭力對一個國家而言，傾向於持續上升，表示世界競爭力的培養以及提升的過程是需要長遠規劃的。再者，政府支出與世界競爭力之間具有顯著的正向影響，只要政府願意在社會福利、公共建設、衛生安全、經濟發展等各個面向，投入更多的資源與預算，可以有效提升該國在世界上的競爭力。最後，一國的能源強度越高，該國世界競爭力將越低；一國的高等教育、旅遊收入、外國直接投資流入額越高，該國世界競爭力也將越高。
This study investigates the effect of government spending on global competitiveness using panel data from 35 member countries of OECD and Taiwan, tracked from 2009 to 2017. The spatial correlation and the dynamic effect of global competitiveness were estimated using DSAR model and GMM for empirical analysis. The measure of global competitiveness is determined by the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI), which is a variable used in the report published by the World Economic Forum (WEF) in Geneva.This study reports the following three main findings. First, the spatial correlation and the dynamic effect of global competitiveness are statistically significant and positive, indicating that when a country has relatively high global competitiveness, its neighboring countries will also have higher global competitiveness. Then the global competitiveness of a country tends to rise continuously, suggesting that the process of cultivating and enhancing global competitiveness requires long-term planning. Second, the effect of government spending on global competitiveness is statistically significant and positive. If the government is willing to allocate more resources and budget in various aspects such as social welfare, public infrastructure, health and safety, and economic development, it can effectively enhance the global competitiveness of a country. Third, if the energy intensity is higher, the global competitiveness will be lower. Conversely, if a country has higher education achievements, tourism receipts, and foreign direct investment inflows, its global competitiveness will be higher.參考文獻 Anderson, T. W. & C. Hsiao (1982), “Formulation and Estimation of Dynamic Models Using Panel Data.” Journal of Econometrics, 18(1), 47–82.Anselin, L. (1995), “Local Indicators of Spatial Association LISA.” Geographical Analysis, 27, 93–115.Arellano, M. & S. Bond (1991), “Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment.” Review of Economic Studies, 58, 277–297.Aslan, A. (2013), “Tourism Development and Economic Growth in the Mediterranean Countries: Evidence from Panel Granger Causality Tests.” Current Issues in Tourism, 17(4), 363–372.Baltagi, B. H., B. Fingleton, & A. Pirotte (2014), “Estimating and Forecasting with a Dynamic Spatial Panel Data Model.” Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 76(1), 112–138.Dunning, J. H. & F. Zhang (2008), “Foreign Direct Investment and the Locational Competitiveness of Countries.” Transnational Corporations. 17. 1–30.Dima, A. M., L. S. Begu, M. D. Vasilescu, & M. A. Maassen (2018), “The Relationship between the Knowledge Economy and Global Competitiveness in the European Union.” Sustainability, 10(6), 1706.Eichhammer, W. & R. Walz (2011), Industrial Energy Efficiency and Competitiveness. Vienna: United Nations Industrial Development Organization.Elhorst, J. P. (2005), “Unconditional Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Linear and Log-Linear Dynamic Models for Spatial Models.” Geographical Analysis, 37, 85–106.Elhorst, J. P. (2012), “Dynamic Spatial Panels: Models, Methods, and Inferences.” Journal of Geographical Systems, 14, 5–28.Farinha, L., J. J. M. Ferreira, & S. Nunes (2018), “Linking Innovation and Entrepreneurship to Economic Growth.” Competitiveness Review, 28 (4), 451–475.Gavurová, B., V. Ivankova, M. Rigelský, & M. Přívarová (2020), “Relations Between Tourism Spending and Global Competitiveness - An Empirical Study in Developed OECD Countries.” Journal of Tourism and Services, 11, 38–54.Gollop, F. M. & M. J. Roberts (1983), “Environmental Regulations and Productivity Growth: The Case of Fossil-fueled Electric Power Generation.” Journal of Political Economy, 91(4), 654–674.Greenstone, M. (2002), “The Impacts of Environmental Regulations on Industrial Activity: Evidence from the 1970 and 1977 Clean Air Act Amendments and the Census of Manufactures.” Journal of Political Economy, 110, 1175–1219.Hok, L. (2020), “Competitiveness and Government Spending in Cambodia: An Autoregressive Distributed Lag Approach.” Theory, Methodology, Practice, 16, 27–40.International Institute for Management Development, IMD (2009), “Various Issues,” The World Competitiveness Yearbook, Lausanne, Switzerland.Kapoor, M., H. H. Kelejian, & I. R. Prucha (2007), “Panel Data Models with Spatially Correlated Error Components.” Journal of Econometrics, 140, 97–130.Kordalska, A. (2016), “Global Competitiveness and Economic Growth: A One-Way or Two-Way Relationship?” Equilibrium: Pismo Poświęcone Naukom Ekonomicznym., 11(1), 121–142.Krugman, P. R. (1994), “Competitiveness: A Dangerous Obsession.” Foreign Affairs, 73(2), 28–44.Levin, A., C. F. Lin, & C. S. J. Chu (2002), “Unit Root Tests in Panel Data: Asymptotic and Finite-Sample Properties.” Journal of Econometrics, 108, 1–24.Link, A. N. & R. R. Sardar (2023), “R&D and Regional Competitiveness: A Study of Global Entrepreneurial Firms.” International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 19(1), 369–378.Marceta, M. & S. Bojnec (2021), “Innovation and Competitiveness in the European Union Countries.” International Journal of Sustainable Economy, 13(1), 1–17.Moran, P. (1950), “A Test for the Serial Independence of Residuals.” Biometrika, 37, 178–181.Opreana, A. (2011), “Analysis of European Union Competitiveness from a New Multidimensional Model Perspective.” Romanian Economic and Business Review, 6(4), 68–83.Petrylė, V. (2017), “Does the Global Competitiveness Index Demonstrate the Resilience of Countries to Economic Crises?” Ekonomika, 95(3), 28-36.Porter, M. E. (1990), “The Competitive Advantage of Nations.” Harvard Business Review 68(2), 73–93.Raeskyesa, D. G. S. & R. A. Suryandaru (2020), “Competitiveness and FDI Inflows in ASEAN Member Countries.” International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research, 13, 14–20.Ramoniene, L. & M. Lanskoronskis (2011), “Reflection of Higher Education Aspects in the Conception of National Competitiveness.” Baltic Journal of Management, 6, 124–139.Schwab, K. (2013), The Global Competitiveness Report 2013-2014. World Economic Forum.Seetanah, B. (2011), “Assessing the Dynamic Economic Impact of Tourism for Island Economies.” Annals of Tourism Research, 38(1), 291–308.Vaiginiene, E., M. Stonkiene, & R. Matkeviciene (2014), “Evaluation of the National Higher Education System’s Competitiveness: Theoretical Model.” Competitiveness Review. 26, 116–131. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
財政學系
110255020資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110255020 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 黃智聰 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Huang, Jr-Tsung en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 林宜萱 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lin, Yi-Xuan en_US dc.creator (作者) 林宜萱 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Lin, Yi-Xuan en_US dc.date (日期) 2023 en_US dc.date.accessioned 2-Aug-2023 13:59:13 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 2-Aug-2023 13:59:13 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Aug-2023 13:59:13 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0110255020 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/146547 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 財政學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 110255020 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究以經濟合作暨發展組織（Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development，OECD）的 35 個會員國加上臺灣，於 2009 年至 2017 年期間之追蹤資料為樣本，探討政府支出對於世界競爭力的影響，以及世界競爭力的空間相關性和動態效果，透過動態空間自相關迴歸模型（Dynamic Spatial Autoregressive Model，DSAR），與一般化動差方法（Generalized Method of Moments，GMM）進行實證估計，而世界競爭力的衡量指標，採用日內瓦世界經濟論壇（World Economic Forum，WEF）發布的報告中，一個決定競爭力的變數—世界競爭力指數（Global Competitiveness Index，GCI）。實證結果得出以下三個主要研究結論，首先，世界競爭力的空間相關性和動態效果皆為正向影響，表示當一國的世界競爭力相對較高時，其鄰國的世界競爭力也會較高，而世界競爭力對一個國家而言，傾向於持續上升，表示世界競爭力的培養以及提升的過程是需要長遠規劃的。再者，政府支出與世界競爭力之間具有顯著的正向影響，只要政府願意在社會福利、公共建設、衛生安全、經濟發展等各個面向，投入更多的資源與預算，可以有效提升該國在世界上的競爭力。最後，一國的能源強度越高，該國世界競爭力將越低；一國的高等教育、旅遊收入、外國直接投資流入額越高，該國世界競爭力也將越高。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) This study investigates the effect of government spending on global competitiveness using panel data from 35 member countries of OECD and Taiwan, tracked from 2009 to 2017. The spatial correlation and the dynamic effect of global competitiveness were estimated using DSAR model and GMM for empirical analysis. The measure of global competitiveness is determined by the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI), which is a variable used in the report published by the World Economic Forum (WEF) in Geneva.This study reports the following three main findings. First, the spatial correlation and the dynamic effect of global competitiveness are statistically significant and positive, indicating that when a country has relatively high global competitiveness, its neighboring countries will also have higher global competitiveness. Then the global competitiveness of a country tends to rise continuously, suggesting that the process of cultivating and enhancing global competitiveness requires long-term planning. Second, the effect of government spending on global competitiveness is statistically significant and positive. If the government is willing to allocate more resources and budget in various aspects such as social welfare, public infrastructure, health and safety, and economic development, it can effectively enhance the global competitiveness of a country. Third, if the energy intensity is higher, the global competitiveness will be lower. Conversely, if a country has higher education achievements, tourism receipts, and foreign direct investment inflows, its global competitiveness will be higher. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 研究目的及架構 1第一節 研究背景與目的 1第二節 研究流程與架構 3第二章 文獻回顧 6第一節 世界競爭力之定義 6第二節 主要變數相關文獻回顧 10第三節 其他影響世界競爭力相關文獻回顧 13第三章 現況分析 22第一節 各國世界競爭力現況 22第二節 各國政府支出現況 28第四章 研究方法 32第一節 動態追蹤空間計量模型 32第二節 實證模型設定 35第三節 變數說明與資料來源 37第五章 實證結果 43第一節 單根檢定 43第二節 共線性檢定 45第三節 空間自我相關與Moran`s I 48第四節 實證模型估計結果 50第五節 穩健性測試 57第六章 結論 60第一節 結論 62第二節 政策意涵 65第三節 研究限制 67參考文獻 68 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2884576 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110255020 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 政府支出 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 世界競爭力 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 動態空間自相關迴歸模型 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 一般化動差方法 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Government Spending en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Global Competitiveness en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Dynamic Spatial Autoregressive Model en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Generalized Method of Moments en_US dc.title (題名) 世界競爭力與政府支出—以OECD國家分析 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Global Competitiveness Index and Government Spending: Evidence from OECD Countries en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Anderson, T. W. & C. Hsiao (1982), “Formulation and Estimation of Dynamic Models Using Panel Data.” Journal of Econometrics, 18(1), 47–82.Anselin, L. (1995), “Local Indicators of Spatial Association LISA.” Geographical Analysis, 27, 93–115.Arellano, M. & S. Bond (1991), “Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment.” Review of Economic Studies, 58, 277–297.Aslan, A. (2013), “Tourism Development and Economic Growth in the Mediterranean Countries: Evidence from Panel Granger Causality Tests.” Current Issues in Tourism, 17(4), 363–372.Baltagi, B. H., B. Fingleton, & A. Pirotte (2014), “Estimating and Forecasting with a Dynamic Spatial Panel Data Model.” Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 76(1), 112–138.Dunning, J. H. & F. Zhang (2008), “Foreign Direct Investment and the Locational Competitiveness of Countries.” Transnational Corporations. 17. 1–30.Dima, A. M., L. S. Begu, M. D. Vasilescu, & M. A. Maassen (2018), “The Relationship between the Knowledge Economy and Global Competitiveness in the European Union.” Sustainability, 10(6), 1706.Eichhammer, W. & R. Walz (2011), Industrial Energy Efficiency and Competitiveness. Vienna: United Nations Industrial Development Organization.Elhorst, J. P. (2005), “Unconditional Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Linear and Log-Linear Dynamic Models for Spatial Models.” Geographical Analysis, 37, 85–106.Elhorst, J. P. (2012), “Dynamic Spatial Panels: Models, Methods, and Inferences.” Journal of Geographical Systems, 14, 5–28.Farinha, L., J. J. M. Ferreira, & S. Nunes (2018), “Linking Innovation and Entrepreneurship to Economic Growth.” Competitiveness Review, 28 (4), 451–475.Gavurová, B., V. Ivankova, M. Rigelský, & M. Přívarová (2020), “Relations Between Tourism Spending and Global Competitiveness - An Empirical Study in Developed OECD Countries.” Journal of Tourism and Services, 11, 38–54.Gollop, F. M. & M. J. Roberts (1983), “Environmental Regulations and Productivity Growth: The Case of Fossil-fueled Electric Power Generation.” Journal of Political Economy, 91(4), 654–674.Greenstone, M. (2002), “The Impacts of Environmental Regulations on Industrial Activity: Evidence from the 1970 and 1977 Clean Air Act Amendments and the Census of Manufactures.” Journal of Political Economy, 110, 1175–1219.Hok, L. (2020), “Competitiveness and Government Spending in Cambodia: An Autoregressive Distributed Lag Approach.” Theory, Methodology, Practice, 16, 27–40.International Institute for Management Development, IMD (2009), “Various Issues,” The World Competitiveness Yearbook, Lausanne, Switzerland.Kapoor, M., H. H. Kelejian, & I. R. Prucha (2007), “Panel Data Models with Spatially Correlated Error Components.” Journal of Econometrics, 140, 97–130.Kordalska, A. (2016), “Global Competitiveness and Economic Growth: A One-Way or Two-Way Relationship?” Equilibrium: Pismo Poświęcone Naukom Ekonomicznym., 11(1), 121–142.Krugman, P. R. (1994), “Competitiveness: A Dangerous Obsession.” Foreign Affairs, 73(2), 28–44.Levin, A., C. F. Lin, & C. S. J. Chu (2002), “Unit Root Tests in Panel Data: Asymptotic and Finite-Sample Properties.” Journal of Econometrics, 108, 1–24.Link, A. N. & R. R. Sardar (2023), “R&D and Regional Competitiveness: A Study of Global Entrepreneurial Firms.” International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 19(1), 369–378.Marceta, M. & S. Bojnec (2021), “Innovation and Competitiveness in the European Union Countries.” International Journal of Sustainable Economy, 13(1), 1–17.Moran, P. (1950), “A Test for the Serial Independence of Residuals.” Biometrika, 37, 178–181.Opreana, A. (2011), “Analysis of European Union Competitiveness from a New Multidimensional Model Perspective.” Romanian Economic and Business Review, 6(4), 68–83.Petrylė, V. (2017), “Does the Global Competitiveness Index Demonstrate the Resilience of Countries to Economic Crises?” Ekonomika, 95(3), 28-36.Porter, M. E. (1990), “The Competitive Advantage of Nations.” Harvard Business Review 68(2), 73–93.Raeskyesa, D. G. S. & R. A. Suryandaru (2020), “Competitiveness and FDI Inflows in ASEAN Member Countries.” International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research, 13, 14–20.Ramoniene, L. & M. Lanskoronskis (2011), “Reflection of Higher Education Aspects in the Conception of National Competitiveness.” Baltic Journal of Management, 6, 124–139.Schwab, K. (2013), The Global Competitiveness Report 2013-2014. World Economic Forum.Seetanah, B. (2011), “Assessing the Dynamic Economic Impact of Tourism for Island Economies.” Annals of Tourism Research, 38(1), 291–308.Vaiginiene, E., M. Stonkiene, & R. Matkeviciene (2014), “Evaluation of the National Higher Education System’s Competitiveness: Theoretical Model.” Competitiveness Review. 26, 116–131. zh_TW
