1. NCCU Academic Hub
  2. Publications
  3. College of Social Science
  4. Theses
  5. Item

Publications-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

NCCU Library

Citation Infomation

Related Publications in TAIR

題名 探索全球加密貨幣做為美元替代方案的可行性：特點、影響和挑戰
Exploring the Feasibility of Cryptocurrency as a Global Currency: Characteristics, Implications, and Challenges
作者 杜力安
Delgado, Christian
貢獻者 莊奕琦
Yih-chyi Chuang
杜力安
Christian Delgado
關鍵詞 加密貨幣
全球貨幣
儲備貨幣
區塊鏈技術
監管
Cryptocurrency
Global currency
Reserve currency
Blockchain technology
Regulation
日期 2023
上傳時間 2-Aug-2023 14:02:20 (UTC+8)
摘要 本論文探討了加密貨幣成為全球性加密貨幣的可行性。研究旨在回答四個與加密貨幣相關的研究問題，包括加密貨幣所需的關鍵特徵，影響新全球性加密貨幣潛在採用的技術、政治和經濟因素，以及如何減輕使用加密貨幣作為儲備貨幣所帶來的風險，以及全球性加密貨幣對世界各國金融和經濟體系的潛在影響。

本論文從對美元霸權、貨幣體系和區塊鏈技術以及加密貨幣的文獻回顧開始。然後，研究檢視加密貨幣必須具備的關鍵特徵，包括技術、經濟、政治、社會和環境等方面的考慮因素。隨後分析了影響全球性加密貨幣採用的可行性。研究還調查了全球性加密貨幣的潛在應用案例，並將現有的加密貨幣與所確定的關鍵特徵進行了比較。

最後，本論文探討了減輕使用加密貨幣做為儲備貨幣所帶來的風險的策略，並檢視了全球性加密貨幣對金融和經濟體系的潛在影響。並提出對研究結果、影響、貢獻和未來研究方向的總結做為結論。
This thesis explores the feasibility of a cryptocurrency becomes to a global cryptocurrency. The study seeks to answer four research questions related to the key characteristics required of a cryptocurrency, the technological, political, and economic factors that influence the potential adoption of a new global cryptocurrency, how the risks associated with using a cryptocurrency as a reserve currency can be mitigated, and the potential impacts of a global cryptocurrency on the financial and economic systems of countries around the world.

The study begins with a literature review on the US dollar hegemony, monetary systems, and blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies. It then examines the key characteristics a cryptocurrency must possess, including technical, economic, political, social, and environmental considerations. The political, economic, and technological factors that influence the adoption of a global cryptocurrency are then analyzed. The study also investigates potential use cases for a global cryptocurrency and compares existing cryptocurrencies against the key characteristics identified.

Finally, the thesis explores strategies to mitigate the risks associated with using a cryptocurrency as a reserve currency and examines the potential impacts of a global cryptocurrency on financial and economic systems. The study concludes with a summary of findings, implications, contributions, and future research directions.
參考文獻 Ali, S. M. (2007). US-China cold war collaboration: 1971-1989. Routledge.
Al-Saqaf, W., & Seidler, N. (2017). Blockchain technology for social impact: Opportunities and challenges ahead. Journal of Cyber Policy, 2(3), 338–354. https://doi.org/10.1080/23738871.2017.1400084
Alt, P., & Schneider, M. (1962). West Germany’s “economic miracle.” Science & Society, 26(1), 46–57. https://doi.org/10.2307/40400785
Badea, L., & Mungiu-Pupazan, M. C. (2021). The economic and environmental impact of bitcoin. IEEE Access, 9, 48091–48104. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3068636
Berger, A. N., Molyneux, P., & Wilson, J. O. S. (2019). The Oxford Handbook of Banking. Oxford University Press, USA.
Buzila, E. (2015). Systemic risk and financial contagion. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3407969
Cambridge bitcoin electricity consumption index (CBECI). (n.d.). Retrieved May 13, 2023, from https://ccaf.io/cbnsi/cbeci/comparisons
de Best, R. (2023). Bitcoin blockchain size 2009-2023. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/647523/worldwide-bitcoin-blockchain-size/
Denniston. (2018, March 16). The global transition away from the dollar and the American military implications. DTIC. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/AD1062008
Duncan, R. (2011). The dollar crisis: Causes, consequences, cures. John Wiley & Sons.
Etherscan. (2023). Ethereum chain full sync data size. YCharts. https://ycharts.com/indicators/ethereum_chain_full_sync_data_size
European Parliament, E. (2022, October 10). Markets in crypto-assets (MiCA). European Parliament. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/EPRS_BRI(2022)739221
Financial Supervisory Commission. (2021, June 30). Regulations governing anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism for enterprises handling virtual currency platform or transaction - Article content. Laws & Regulations Database of The Republic of China (Taiwan). https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=G0380268
Fridmanski, E. (2021). Crypto-capital: The political economy of cryptocurrencies.
Ganne, Emmanuelle. (2018). Can Blockchain revolutionize international trade? World Trade Organization. http://dx.doi.org/10.30875/6be0ca9c-en
George, E. L. (2020, December). “From Then to FedNow: Payments Innovation and the Federal Reserve,” Policy Perspectives. Https://Ideas.Repec.Org/; Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. https://www.kansascityfed.org/Research/documents/7574/policy_perspectives_12_1_20_v5.pdf
Government El Salvador, G. (2021, June 8). https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5edf06474567e80066769786/t/613aa3c237a850442eaae4fd/1631232973274/Ley+Bitcoin+El+Salvador+
Hafid, A., Hafid, A. S., & Samih, M. (2020a). Scaling blockchains: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Access, 8, 125244–125262. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3007251
Hafid, A., Hafid, A. S., & Samih, M. (2020b). Scaling blockchains: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Access, 8, 125244–125262. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3007251
Hagen, Dr. J. V. (1998). II. Mechanisms of adjustment. EP. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/workingpapers/econ/104/chap2_en.htm
Hegadekatti, K. (2016). WorldMoney - The international sovereign backed cryptocurrency. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2888773
Horsefield, J. K. (1981). The International Monetary Fund - 1945-1965 Volume III: Documents. III.
Keynes, J. M. (2018). The General Theory of employment, interest, and money. Springer.
Khalique, A., Singh, K., & Sood, S. (2010). Implementation of elliptic curve digital signature algorithm. International Journal of Computer Applications, 2(2), 21–27. https://doi.org/10.5120/631-876
Liu, S.-G., Chen, W.-Q., & Liu, J.-L. (2021). An efficient double parameter elliptic curve digital signature algorithm for blockchain. IEEE Access, 9, 77058–77066. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3082704
Luu, L., Narayanan, V., Zheng, C., Baweja, K., Gilbert, S., & Saxena, P. (2016, October 24). A secure sharding protocol for open blockchains. Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2976749.2978389
M, H. W., & Robbins, L. (1934). An essay on the nature and significance of economic science. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 97(2), 343. https://doi.org/10.2307/2342397
Maier, C. S. (2010). The world economy and the Cold War in the middle of the twentieth century. In The Cambridge History of the Cold War (pp. 44–66). Cambridge University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521837194.004
Michaels, D., & Vigna , P. (2019, September 22). The Coming Currency War: Digital Money vs. the Dollar. The Wall Street Journal.
Mundell, R. (1992). Global disequilibrium in the world economy. Palgrave Macmillan UK. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22269-8
Mundell, R. (1997). Currency Areas, Common Currencies, and EMU. The American Economic Review, 87(2), 214–216.
Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. Bitcoin.Org.
Obstfeld, M. (1991). The adjustment mechanism. National Bureau of Economic Research. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3943
Omotayo, A. M. (2021, March 14). BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND DIGITAL SUPPLY CHAINS: TOWARDS REVOLUTIONIZING THE INDUSTRY OF THE FUTURE. Unknown. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359221827_BLOCKCHAIN_TECHNOLOGY_AND_DIGITAL_SUPPLY_CHAINS_TOWARDS_REVOLUTIONIZING_THE_INDUSTRY_OF_THE_FUTURE
Ray, A. (2002). The Chinese economic miracle: Lessons to be learnt. Economic and Political Weekly, 37(37), 3835–3848. https://doi.org/10.2307/4412606
Sawyer, M. (2003). Money: Means of payment or store of wealth? In Modern Theories of Money (pp. 3–17). Edward Elgar Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781781008416.00010
Security and Exchanges Commission. (2022, January). Blockchain & Cryptocurrency Laws and regulations. Global Legal Insights. https://www.globallegalinsights.com/practice-areas/blockchain-laws-and-regulations/usa
Sharov, O. (2018). GLOBAL CRYPTOCURRENCY AS PROSPECTS FOR WORLD MONETARY SYSTEM. JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN ECONOMY, Vol 17(Vol 17, No 1 (2018)), 116–128. https://doi.org/10.35774/jee2018.01.116
Shiva, R. B. (2014). Book review: George Soros (2010). The Soros Lectures at the Central European University. Journal of Education and Vocational Research, 5(1), 28–32. https://doi.org/10.22610/jevr.v5i1.149
Thomas Costigan, Drew Cottle, & Angela Keys. (2017). The US dollar as the global reserve currency: Implications for US hegemony. World Review of Political Economy, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.13169/worlrevipoliecon.8.1.0104
UNCTAD handbook of statistics 2022. (2022). United Nations. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789210021784
von Hayek, F. A. (1976). Denationalisation of money: An analysis of the theory and practice of concurrent currencies. Ludwig von Mises Institute.
Vujicic, D., Jagodic, D., & Randic, S. (2018, March). Blockchain technology, bitcoin, and Ethereum: A brief overview. 2018 17th International Symposium INFOTEH-JAHORINA (INFOTEH). http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/infoteh.2018.8345547
World Bank open data. (2023.). World Bank Open Data. Retrieved July 2, 2023, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/BN.CAB.XOKA.GD.ZS?locations=US-CN
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
應用經濟與社會發展英語碩士學位學程(IMES)
109266017
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109266017
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 莊奕琦zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Yih-chyi Chuangen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 杜力安zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Christian Delgadoen_US
dc.creator (作者) 杜力安zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Delgado, Christianen_US
dc.date (日期) 2023en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-Aug-2023 14:02:20 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-Aug-2023 14:02:20 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Aug-2023 14:02:20 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0109266017en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/146561-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 應用經濟與社會發展英語碩士學位學程(IMES)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 109266017zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本論文探討了加密貨幣成為全球性加密貨幣的可行性。研究旨在回答四個與加密貨幣相關的研究問題，包括加密貨幣所需的關鍵特徵，影響新全球性加密貨幣潛在採用的技術、政治和經濟因素，以及如何減輕使用加密貨幣作為儲備貨幣所帶來的風險，以及全球性加密貨幣對世界各國金融和經濟體系的潛在影響。

本論文從對美元霸權、貨幣體系和區塊鏈技術以及加密貨幣的文獻回顧開始。然後，研究檢視加密貨幣必須具備的關鍵特徵，包括技術、經濟、政治、社會和環境等方面的考慮因素。隨後分析了影響全球性加密貨幣採用的可行性。研究還調查了全球性加密貨幣的潛在應用案例，並將現有的加密貨幣與所確定的關鍵特徵進行了比較。

最後，本論文探討了減輕使用加密貨幣做為儲備貨幣所帶來的風險的策略，並檢視了全球性加密貨幣對金融和經濟體系的潛在影響。並提出對研究結果、影響、貢獻和未來研究方向的總結做為結論。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This thesis explores the feasibility of a cryptocurrency becomes to a global cryptocurrency. The study seeks to answer four research questions related to the key characteristics required of a cryptocurrency, the technological, political, and economic factors that influence the potential adoption of a new global cryptocurrency, how the risks associated with using a cryptocurrency as a reserve currency can be mitigated, and the potential impacts of a global cryptocurrency on the financial and economic systems of countries around the world.

The study begins with a literature review on the US dollar hegemony, monetary systems, and blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies. It then examines the key characteristics a cryptocurrency must possess, including technical, economic, political, social, and environmental considerations. The political, economic, and technological factors that influence the adoption of a global cryptocurrency are then analyzed. The study also investigates potential use cases for a global cryptocurrency and compares existing cryptocurrencies against the key characteristics identified.

Finally, the thesis explores strategies to mitigate the risks associated with using a cryptocurrency as a reserve currency and examines the potential impacts of a global cryptocurrency on financial and economic systems. The study concludes with a summary of findings, implications, contributions, and future research directions.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Acknowledgments 1
摘要 2
Abstract 3
Table of Contents 4
List of abbreviations 6
List of Tables 7
List of Charts, Graphs and trend lines 7
1. Introduction 8
1.1 Background and Motivation 9
1.2 Research Questions 11
1.3 Objectives 12
1.5 Thesis Organization 13
2. Literature Review 14
2.1 History of Monetary Systems and Their Evolution 14
2.2 US dollars as dominant global reserve currency and standard 22
2.3 Flaws of the US dollar standard 26
2.4 Introduction to Blockchain Technology and Cryptocurrencies 27
2.4.2 Advantages 29
2.4.3 Disadvantages and Risks 35
3. Key Characteristics of a Global Cryptocurrency 36
3.1 Overview of Existing Cryptocurrencies and Their Limitations 36
3.2 Technical Requirements for a Global Cryptocurrency 40
3.3 Economic and Political Considerations for a Global Cryptocurrency 41
3.4 Social and Environmental Impacts of a Global Cryptocurrency 42
4. Political Factors that Influence the Adoption of a Global Cryptocurrency 47
4.1 Government Policies and Regulations 50
4.2 International Cooperation and Agreements 51
4.3 Political Stability and Trust 52
5. Economic Factors that Influence the Adoption of a Global Cryptocurrency 53
5.1 Macroeconomic Factors and Global Financial System 53
5.2 Microeconomic Factors and Business Environment 54
5.3 Consumer Behaviors and Preferences 55
6. Technological Factors that Influence the Adoption of a Global Cryptocurrency 56
6.1 Blockchain Technology and Its Capabilities 57
6.2 Infrastructure and Connectivity 58
6.3 Interoperability and Standardization 59
7. Potential Use Cases for a Global Cryptocurrency 60
7.1.2 Government Adoption and Regulation 60
7.1.3 Taiwan Regulations 61
7.1.4 El Salvador Regulations 61
2.3.3 European Regulations 63
7.1.5 United States Regulations 64
7.1.6 Comparative Analysis of Cryptocurrency Regulatory Policies 66
7.2 Corporate Adoption and Integration 67
7.2.1 Corporate Use Cases 67
7.3 International Trade and Finance 68
7.4 Consumer Adoption and Benefits 71
8. Comparison of Existing Cryptocurrencies against Key Characteristics 72
8.1 Bitcoin 73
8.2 Ethereum 73
8.4 Comparison tables 75
9. Mitigating Risks Associated with Using a Cryptocurrency as a Reserve Currency 79
9.1 Security Risks 80
9.2 Regulatory Risks 81
9.3 Market Risks 81
10. Potential Impacts on Financial and Economic Systems 82
10.1 Macroeconomic Impacts 82
10.2 Microeconomic Impacts 84
10.3 Geopolitical Impacts 84
11. Conclusion and Future Directions 86
References 91		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1924889 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109266017en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 加密貨幣zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 全球貨幣zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 儲備貨幣zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 區塊鏈技術zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 監管zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Cryptocurrencyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Global currencyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Reserve currencyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Blockchain technologyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Regulationen_US
dc.title (題名) 探索全球加密貨幣做為美元替代方案的可行性：特點、影響和挑戰zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Exploring the Feasibility of Cryptocurrency as a Global Currency: Characteristics, Implications, and Challengesen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ali, S. M. (2007). US-China cold war collaboration: 1971-1989. Routledge.
Al-Saqaf, W., & Seidler, N. (2017). Blockchain technology for social impact: Opportunities and challenges ahead. Journal of Cyber Policy, 2(3), 338–354. https://doi.org/10.1080/23738871.2017.1400084
Alt, P., & Schneider, M. (1962). West Germany’s “economic miracle.” Science & Society, 26(1), 46–57. https://doi.org/10.2307/40400785
Badea, L., & Mungiu-Pupazan, M. C. (2021). The economic and environmental impact of bitcoin. IEEE Access, 9, 48091–48104. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3068636
Berger, A. N., Molyneux, P., & Wilson, J. O. S. (2019). The Oxford Handbook of Banking. Oxford University Press, USA.
Buzila, E. (2015). Systemic risk and financial contagion. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3407969
Cambridge bitcoin electricity consumption index (CBECI). (n.d.). Retrieved May 13, 2023, from https://ccaf.io/cbnsi/cbeci/comparisons
de Best, R. (2023). Bitcoin blockchain size 2009-2023. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/647523/worldwide-bitcoin-blockchain-size/
Denniston. (2018, March 16). The global transition away from the dollar and the American military implications. DTIC. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/AD1062008
Duncan, R. (2011). The dollar crisis: Causes, consequences, cures. John Wiley & Sons.
Etherscan. (2023). Ethereum chain full sync data size. YCharts. https://ycharts.com/indicators/ethereum_chain_full_sync_data_size
European Parliament, E. (2022, October 10). Markets in crypto-assets (MiCA). European Parliament. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/EPRS_BRI(2022)739221
Financial Supervisory Commission. (2021, June 30). Regulations governing anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism for enterprises handling virtual currency platform or transaction - Article content. Laws & Regulations Database of The Republic of China (Taiwan). https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=G0380268
Fridmanski, E. (2021). Crypto-capital: The political economy of cryptocurrencies.
Ganne, Emmanuelle. (2018). Can Blockchain revolutionize international trade? World Trade Organization. http://dx.doi.org/10.30875/6be0ca9c-en
George, E. L. (2020, December). “From Then to FedNow: Payments Innovation and the Federal Reserve,” Policy Perspectives. Https://Ideas.Repec.Org/; Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. https://www.kansascityfed.org/Research/documents/7574/policy_perspectives_12_1_20_v5.pdf
Government El Salvador, G. (2021, June 8). https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5edf06474567e80066769786/t/613aa3c237a850442eaae4fd/1631232973274/Ley+Bitcoin+El+Salvador+
Hafid, A., Hafid, A. S., & Samih, M. (2020a). Scaling blockchains: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Access, 8, 125244–125262. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3007251
Hafid, A., Hafid, A. S., & Samih, M. (2020b). Scaling blockchains: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Access, 8, 125244–125262. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3007251
Hagen, Dr. J. V. (1998). II. Mechanisms of adjustment. EP. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/workingpapers/econ/104/chap2_en.htm
Hegadekatti, K. (2016). WorldMoney - The international sovereign backed cryptocurrency. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2888773
Horsefield, J. K. (1981). The International Monetary Fund - 1945-1965 Volume III: Documents. III.
Keynes, J. M. (2018). The General Theory of employment, interest, and money. Springer.
Khalique, A., Singh, K., & Sood, S. (2010). Implementation of elliptic curve digital signature algorithm. International Journal of Computer Applications, 2(2), 21–27. https://doi.org/10.5120/631-876
Liu, S.-G., Chen, W.-Q., & Liu, J.-L. (2021). An efficient double parameter elliptic curve digital signature algorithm for blockchain. IEEE Access, 9, 77058–77066. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3082704
Luu, L., Narayanan, V., Zheng, C., Baweja, K., Gilbert, S., & Saxena, P. (2016, October 24). A secure sharding protocol for open blockchains. Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2976749.2978389
M, H. W., & Robbins, L. (1934). An essay on the nature and significance of economic science. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 97(2), 343. https://doi.org/10.2307/2342397
Maier, C. S. (2010). The world economy and the Cold War in the middle of the twentieth century. In The Cambridge History of the Cold War (pp. 44–66). Cambridge University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521837194.004
Michaels, D., & Vigna , P. (2019, September 22). The Coming Currency War: Digital Money vs. the Dollar. The Wall Street Journal.
Mundell, R. (1992). Global disequilibrium in the world economy. Palgrave Macmillan UK. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22269-8
Mundell, R. (1997). Currency Areas, Common Currencies, and EMU. The American Economic Review, 87(2), 214–216.
Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. Bitcoin.Org.
Obstfeld, M. (1991). The adjustment mechanism. National Bureau of Economic Research. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3943
Omotayo, A. M. (2021, March 14). BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND DIGITAL SUPPLY CHAINS: TOWARDS REVOLUTIONIZING THE INDUSTRY OF THE FUTURE. Unknown. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359221827_BLOCKCHAIN_TECHNOLOGY_AND_DIGITAL_SUPPLY_CHAINS_TOWARDS_REVOLUTIONIZING_THE_INDUSTRY_OF_THE_FUTURE
Ray, A. (2002). The Chinese economic miracle: Lessons to be learnt. Economic and Political Weekly, 37(37), 3835–3848. https://doi.org/10.2307/4412606
Sawyer, M. (2003). Money: Means of payment or store of wealth? In Modern Theories of Money (pp. 3–17). Edward Elgar Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781781008416.00010
Security and Exchanges Commission. (2022, January). Blockchain & Cryptocurrency Laws and regulations. Global Legal Insights. https://www.globallegalinsights.com/practice-areas/blockchain-laws-and-regulations/usa
Sharov, O. (2018). GLOBAL CRYPTOCURRENCY AS PROSPECTS FOR WORLD MONETARY SYSTEM. JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN ECONOMY, Vol 17(Vol 17, No 1 (2018)), 116–128. https://doi.org/10.35774/jee2018.01.116
Shiva, R. B. (2014). Book review: George Soros (2010). The Soros Lectures at the Central European University. Journal of Education and Vocational Research, 5(1), 28–32. https://doi.org/10.22610/jevr.v5i1.149
Thomas Costigan, Drew Cottle, & Angela Keys. (2017). The US dollar as the global reserve currency: Implications for US hegemony. World Review of Political Economy, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.13169/worlrevipoliecon.8.1.0104
UNCTAD handbook of statistics 2022. (2022). United Nations. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789210021784
von Hayek, F. A. (1976). Denationalisation of money: An analysis of the theory and practice of concurrent currencies. Ludwig von Mises Institute.
Vujicic, D., Jagodic, D., & Randic, S. (2018, March). Blockchain technology, bitcoin, and Ethereum: A brief overview. 2018 17th International Symposium INFOTEH-JAHORINA (INFOTEH). http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/infoteh.2018.8345547
World Bank open data. (2023.). World Bank Open Data. Retrieved July 2, 2023, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/BN.CAB.XOKA.GD.ZS?locations=US-CN		zh_TW