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題名 校系選擇的社會視野： 以大學個人申請分發之集群效應為例 作者 陳嘉葳
Chen, Chia-Wei貢獻者 陳信木
Chen, Hsin-Mu
陳嘉葳
Chen, Chia-Wei關鍵詞 教育流動
職涯選擇
校系競爭
大數據分析
資料探勘
Social Mobility of Education
Career Choice
Competition between Schools and Departments
Big Data Analysis
Data Mining日期 2023 上傳時間 2-Aug-2023 14:25:21 (UTC+8) 摘要 高中升大學為台灣社會中教育流動的重要階段，近年來，台灣教育部逐漸以個人申請的入學管道為大學升學管道發展的主體，個人申請中考生會透過成績與校系選擇進行分流，根據成績進行志願選填，而在志願選填的階段，考生必須考量許多社會性因素，除了家庭期望、經濟等因素外，校系生態因素（如學校的名聲、學校或科系間的競爭關係）占了重要的成分，「不同性質的考生會如何進行校系選擇與排序」成為了探索台灣教育流動、校系生態中值得研究的問題。本研究以高中升大學的考生為分析群體，透過網路爬蟲於公開查榜網站取得考生志願選填的母體資料，並且使用資料探勘（Data Mining）方法探索考生志願選擇中的關聯配對法則（Association rule），目標從購物車理論（Shopping Cart Theory）的分析角度解釋考生的志願選擇，如選擇A系的考生有高機率會選擇B系，如此一來，我們能知道在考生的選擇中，哪些科系容易一同被考生選擇，彼此的關聯性高，形成集群（Cluster），並透過社會網絡視覺化呈現校系間的關聯與集群結構，透過本研究的分析模式能探索出哪些學校、科系間是互相搶學生的競爭關係，如選擇社會系的考生高機率也會選擇法律系與政治系，最後會在三系間做出抉擇，代表這三個科系間會面臨互相搶學生的狀態。本文挖掘出科系選擇整體架構的圖像（Pattern），期待研究分析的成果能對教育工作者、政府教育相關單位、各校系招生單位在制定教育、招生策略上能更有效的制定策略以及鎖定潛在的學生群體作為招生對象，也寄望後續研究能繼續從不同角度切入探索考生選擇志願的因素，探索出更為豐碩的研究成果。
University Admission is an important stage in social mobility of education of Taiwan society. In recent years, Taiwan`s Ministry of Education has gradually taken the admission channel of individual application as the main body of the development of university admission channel. Candidates in individual application will be divided by grades and school department selection. In the stage of voluntary selection, candidates must consider many social factors. In addition to family expectations, economic factors, etc., school department ecological factors (such as school reputation, competition between schools or departments) play a significant role.In this study, the candidates for university admission were taken as our research subject, and the parental data of the candidates` choices for schools and departments were obtained through the web crawler on the public search website, and the Data Mining method was used to explore the association matching rules in the data. Our goal is to explain candidates’ choices for schools and departments from the analysis angle of Shopping Cart Theory. In this way, we can know which schools and departments are strongly related to each other, forming a cluster. The association and cluster structure between schools and departments can be visualized through the social network method. Through the analysis mode of this study, we can explore the competitive relationship between schools and departments. For example, candidates who choose the Department of Sociology have a high probability of choosing the Department of Law and the Department of Politics. In the end, they will make a choice among the three departments, which means that these three departments will face a state of competing for students.This paper excavates the pattern of the overall structure of departmental selection. It is expected that the results of the research and analysis can help educators, government education-related units, and school admissions units to formulate education and enrollment strategies more effectively. Targeting potential student groups as enrollment targets, it is also hoped that follow-up research will continue to explore the factors of candidates` choice for schools and departments from different angles, and explore more abundant research results.參考文獻 Agrawal, R., & Srikant, R. (1994). Fast algorithms for mining association rules. Proc. 20th int. conf. very large data bases, VLDB,Blau, P. M., & Duncan, O. D. (1967). The American occupational structure.Bourdieu, P. (2018a). Distinction a social critique of the judgement of taste. In Inequality Classic Readings in Race, Class, and Gender (pp. 287-318). Routledge.Bourdieu, P. (2018b). The forms of capital. In The sociology of economic life (pp. 78-92). Routledge.Bowles, S., & Gintis, H. (2011). Schooling in capitalist America: Educational reform and the contradictions of economic life. Haymarket Books.Calarco, J. M. (2018). Negotiating opportunities: How the middle class secures advantages in school. Oxford University Press.Chen, S.-Y., Chang, Y.-J., & Ko, H.-W. (2011). The Influence of Parental Education Level, ParentalReadingAttitude, and Current Home ReadingActivities on Students` ReadingAttainment: Findings fromthe PIRLS 2006. 教育心理學報, 43(S), 357-376.Durkheim, E. (1956). Education and sociology. Simon and Schuster.Durkheim, E., & Durkheim, E. (1982). What is a social fact? The Rules of Sociological Method: And selected texts on sociology and its method, 50-59.Han, J., Pei, J., & Tong, H. (2022). Data mining: concepts and techniques. Morgan kaufmann.Kalmijn, M. (1998). Intermarriage and homogamy: Causes, patterns, trends. Annual review of sociology, 395-421.Kohavi, R. (2001). Mining e-commerce data: the good, the bad, and the ugly. Proceedings of the seventh ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining,Mannheim, B. (1988). Social background, schooling, and parental job attitudes as related to adolescents` work values. Youth & Society, 19(3), 269-293.Marx, K. (1875). Le capital. Maurice Lachatre.Page, L., Brin, S., Motwani, R., & Winograd, T. (1999). The PageRank citation ranking: Bringing order to the web.Parsons, T. (1971). The system of modern societies. Prentice-Hall Englewood Cliffs, NJ.Perozzi, B., Al-Rfou, R., & Skiena, S. (2014). Deepwalk: Online learning of social representations. Proceedings of the 20th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining,Sewell, W. H., Haller, A. O., & Portes, A. (1969). The educational and early occupational attainment process. American sociological review, 82-92.Sewell, W. H., & Hauser, R. M. (1975). Education, Occupation, and Earnings. Achievement in the Early Career.田芳華, & 傅祖壇. (2009). 大學多元入學制度: 學生家庭社經背與學業成就之比較. 教育科學研究期刊, 54(1), 209-233.林宗弘. (2009). 台灣的後工業化: 階級結構的轉型與社會不平等, 1992-2007. 台灣社會學刊, 43, 93-158.林俊瑩, & 吳裕益. (2007). 家庭因素, 學校因素對學生學業成就的影響: 階層線性模式的分析. 教育研究集刊, 53(4), 107-144.洪淑君. (2020). 探究因應少子化之科技大學招生策略-從校務研究觀點. 大仁學報(54), 1-20.洪惠嘉, & 危芷芬. (2017). 臺灣地區學生自我效能, 家長支持與學業成就之內容分析與後設分析研究. 市北教育學刊(58), 73-107.孫清山, & 黃毅志. (1996). 補習教育, 文化資本與教育取得.郭祐誠. (2018). 同儕性別組成對大學科系選擇之影響. 經濟論文, 46(2), 225-261.陳柏宇. (2021). 家庭背景對大學科系選擇的跨代移轉.銀慶貞, 陶宏麟, & 洪嘉瑜. (2015). 由大學多元入學者的個人背景與滿意度評估多元入學的成效. 應用經濟論叢(98), 1-53.駱明慶. (2002). 誰是台大學生?-性別, 省籍與城鄉差異. 經濟論文叢刊, 30(1), 113-147.駱明慶. (2004). 升學機會與家庭背景. 經濟論文叢刊, 32(4), 417-445.駱明慶. (2018). 誰是台大學生?(2001-2014)-多元入學的影響. 經濟論文叢刊, 46(1), 47-95.謝志龍, & 莊致嘉. (2016). 文化資本的代間傳遞與轉換對國中學生教育成就的影響. 教育科學研究期刊, 61(3), 163-195.蘇國賢. (2004). 家庭內的社會比較: 兄弟姊妹的人口組成結構對教育及地位取得的影響. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
社會學系
110254005資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110254005 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 陳信木 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Chen, Hsin-Mu en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳嘉葳 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chen, Chia-Wei en_US dc.creator (作者) 陳嘉葳 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Chen, Chia-Wei en_US dc.date (日期) 2023 en_US dc.date.accessioned 2-Aug-2023 14:25:21 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 2-Aug-2023 14:25:21 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Aug-2023 14:25:21 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0110254005 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/146663 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 社會學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 110254005 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 高中升大學為台灣社會中教育流動的重要階段，近年來，台灣教育部逐漸以個人申請的入學管道為大學升學管道發展的主體，個人申請中考生會透過成績與校系選擇進行分流，根據成績進行志願選填，而在志願選填的階段，考生必須考量許多社會性因素，除了家庭期望、經濟等因素外，校系生態因素（如學校的名聲、學校或科系間的競爭關係）占了重要的成分，「不同性質的考生會如何進行校系選擇與排序」成為了探索台灣教育流動、校系生態中值得研究的問題。本研究以高中升大學的考生為分析群體，透過網路爬蟲於公開查榜網站取得考生志願選填的母體資料，並且使用資料探勘（Data Mining）方法探索考生志願選擇中的關聯配對法則（Association rule），目標從購物車理論（Shopping Cart Theory）的分析角度解釋考生的志願選擇，如選擇A系的考生有高機率會選擇B系，如此一來，我們能知道在考生的選擇中，哪些科系容易一同被考生選擇，彼此的關聯性高，形成集群（Cluster），並透過社會網絡視覺化呈現校系間的關聯與集群結構，透過本研究的分析模式能探索出哪些學校、科系間是互相搶學生的競爭關係，如選擇社會系的考生高機率也會選擇法律系與政治系，最後會在三系間做出抉擇，代表這三個科系間會面臨互相搶學生的狀態。本文挖掘出科系選擇整體架構的圖像（Pattern），期待研究分析的成果能對教育工作者、政府教育相關單位、各校系招生單位在制定教育、招生策略上能更有效的制定策略以及鎖定潛在的學生群體作為招生對象，也寄望後續研究能繼續從不同角度切入探索考生選擇志願的因素，探索出更為豐碩的研究成果。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) University Admission is an important stage in social mobility of education of Taiwan society. In recent years, Taiwan`s Ministry of Education has gradually taken the admission channel of individual application as the main body of the development of university admission channel. Candidates in individual application will be divided by grades and school department selection. In the stage of voluntary selection, candidates must consider many social factors. In addition to family expectations, economic factors, etc., school department ecological factors (such as school reputation, competition between schools or departments) play a significant role.In this study, the candidates for university admission were taken as our research subject, and the parental data of the candidates` choices for schools and departments were obtained through the web crawler on the public search website, and the Data Mining method was used to explore the association matching rules in the data. Our goal is to explain candidates’ choices for schools and departments from the analysis angle of Shopping Cart Theory. In this way, we can know which schools and departments are strongly related to each other, forming a cluster. The association and cluster structure between schools and departments can be visualized through the social network method. Through the analysis mode of this study, we can explore the competitive relationship between schools and departments. For example, candidates who choose the Department of Sociology have a high probability of choosing the Department of Law and the Department of Politics. In the end, they will make a choice among the three departments, which means that these three departments will face a state of competing for students.This paper excavates the pattern of the overall structure of departmental selection. It is expected that the results of the research and analysis can help educators, government education-related units, and school admissions units to formulate education and enrollment strategies more effectively. Targeting potential student groups as enrollment targets, it is also hoped that follow-up research will continue to explore the factors of candidates` choice for schools and departments from different angles, and explore more abundant research results. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 圖目錄 v表目錄 vii第一章、 緒論 1第一節 研究背景 1第二節 研究定義 6第三節 研究目標 7第二章、 文獻探討 10第一節 古典社會學裡的教育流動 10第二節 教育體制作為一種社會事實 12第三節 過往實證研究所呈現的教育流動 13第四節 就讀科系與個人職涯選擇 15第五節 期望研究貢獻 17第三章、 研究方法 19第一節 資料背景：大學學科能力測驗與考場分配原則 19第二節 資料來源 22第三節 研究方法與流程 24第四章、 大學個人申請與科系選擇概況 29第一節 大學招生與學院數量概況 29第二節 111年學科能力測驗、歷年統計資料與考生科系選擇概況 33第五章、 考生選填志願下的校系關聯分析 44第一節 大學學校間的選填概況 44第二節 大學科系間的選填概況 48第三節 大學校系間的選填概況 50第四節 小結 53第六章、 以購物車理論探討校系關聯法則 55第一節 購物車理論與資料探勘演算法 55第二節 以社會網絡結構視覺化校系間的志願選擇關聯 58第三節 大學科系間的關聯法則與志願選擇結構 65第四節 大學學校間的關聯法則與志願選擇結構 80第五節 大學校系間的關聯法則 98第七章、 結論、研究限制與未來展望 100參考文獻 103 zh_TW dc.format.extent 6941502 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110254005 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 教育流動 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 職涯選擇 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 校系競爭 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 大數據分析 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 資料探勘 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Social Mobility of Education en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Career Choice en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Competition between Schools and Departments en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Big Data Analysis en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Data Mining en_US dc.title (題名) 校系選擇的社會視野： 以大學個人申請分發之集群效應為例 zh_TW dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Agrawal, R., & Srikant, R. (1994). Fast algorithms for mining association rules. Proc. 20th int. conf. very large data bases, VLDB,Blau, P. M., & Duncan, O. D. (1967). The American occupational structure.Bourdieu, P. (2018a). Distinction a social critique of the judgement of taste. In Inequality Classic Readings in Race, Class, and Gender (pp. 287-318). Routledge.Bourdieu, P. (2018b). The forms of capital. In The sociology of economic life (pp. 78-92). Routledge.Bowles, S., & Gintis, H. (2011). Schooling in capitalist America: Educational reform and the contradictions of economic life. Haymarket Books.Calarco, J. M. (2018). Negotiating opportunities: How the middle class secures advantages in school. Oxford University Press.Chen, S.-Y., Chang, Y.-J., & Ko, H.-W. (2011). The Influence of Parental Education Level, ParentalReadingAttitude, and Current Home ReadingActivities on Students` ReadingAttainment: Findings fromthe PIRLS 2006. 教育心理學報, 43(S), 357-376.Durkheim, E. (1956). Education and sociology. Simon and Schuster.Durkheim, E., & Durkheim, E. (1982). What is a social fact? The Rules of Sociological Method: And selected texts on sociology and its method, 50-59.Han, J., Pei, J., & Tong, H. (2022). Data mining: concepts and techniques. Morgan kaufmann.Kalmijn, M. (1998). Intermarriage and homogamy: Causes, patterns, trends. Annual review of sociology, 395-421.Kohavi, R. (2001). Mining e-commerce data: the good, the bad, and the ugly. Proceedings of the seventh ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining,Mannheim, B. (1988). Social background, schooling, and parental job attitudes as related to adolescents` work values. Youth & Society, 19(3), 269-293.Marx, K. (1875). Le capital. Maurice Lachatre.Page, L., Brin, S., Motwani, R., & Winograd, T. (1999). The PageRank citation ranking: Bringing order to the web.Parsons, T. (1971). The system of modern societies. Prentice-Hall Englewood Cliffs, NJ.Perozzi, B., Al-Rfou, R., & Skiena, S. (2014). Deepwalk: Online learning of social representations. Proceedings of the 20th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining,Sewell, W. H., Haller, A. O., & Portes, A. (1969). The educational and early occupational attainment process. American sociological review, 82-92.Sewell, W. H., & Hauser, R. M. (1975). Education, Occupation, and Earnings. Achievement in the Early Career.田芳華, & 傅祖壇. (2009). 大學多元入學制度: 學生家庭社經背與學業成就之比較. 教育科學研究期刊, 54(1), 209-233.林宗弘. (2009). 台灣的後工業化: 階級結構的轉型與社會不平等, 1992-2007. 台灣社會學刊, 43, 93-158.林俊瑩, & 吳裕益. (2007). 家庭因素, 學校因素對學生學業成就的影響: 階層線性模式的分析. 教育研究集刊, 53(4), 107-144.洪淑君. (2020). 探究因應少子化之科技大學招生策略-從校務研究觀點. 大仁學報(54), 1-20.洪惠嘉, & 危芷芬. (2017). 臺灣地區學生自我效能, 家長支持與學業成就之內容分析與後設分析研究. 市北教育學刊(58), 73-107.孫清山, & 黃毅志. (1996). 補習教育, 文化資本與教育取得.郭祐誠. (2018). 同儕性別組成對大學科系選擇之影響. 經濟論文, 46(2), 225-261.陳柏宇. (2021). 家庭背景對大學科系選擇的跨代移轉.銀慶貞, 陶宏麟, & 洪嘉瑜. (2015). 由大學多元入學者的個人背景與滿意度評估多元入學的成效. 應用經濟論叢(98), 1-53.駱明慶. (2002). 誰是台大學生?-性別, 省籍與城鄉差異. 經濟論文叢刊, 30(1), 113-147.駱明慶. (2004). 升學機會與家庭背景. 經濟論文叢刊, 32(4), 417-445.駱明慶. (2018). 誰是台大學生?(2001-2014)-多元入學的影響. 經濟論文叢刊, 46(1), 47-95.謝志龍, & 莊致嘉. (2016). 文化資本的代間傳遞與轉換對國中學生教育成就的影響. 教育科學研究期刊, 61(3), 163-195.蘇國賢. (2004). 家庭內的社會比較: 兄弟姊妹的人口組成結構對教育及地位取得的影響. zh_TW
