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題名 6.1英吋螢幕的行銷活動：探索Z世代顧客參與手機會員APP數位活動
Marketing Activities in 6.1-inch Screens: Exploring Generation Z Customer Engagement in Mobile Membership Apps
作者 陳子淦
Chan, Tsz-Kam
貢獻者 李怡慧
Lee, Yi-Hui
陳子淦
Chan, Tsz-Kam
關鍵詞 行動商務
手機會員App
顧客參與
Z世代
質性研究
M-commerce
Mobile membership app
Customer engagement
Generation Z
Qualitative case study
日期 2023
上傳時間 16-Aug-2023 13:36:11 (UTC+8)
摘要 手機會員App在客戶關係管理中扮演越來越重要的角色，然而，關於它們如何透過數位活動設計影響Z世代（GenZ）顧客的參與，現有研究非常有限。本研究從活動理論的角度出發，探討台灣星巴克的手機會員App如何有效地吸引和管理年輕人的顧客關係。透過質性研究方法，本研究發現了一個由數位活動引導的、動態的、長期的顧客參與過程，受訪的年輕客戶較少獨自參與數位活動，傾向與朋友和家人合作，共同獲得遊戲獎勵，並經由系統性的任務分配，達成他們預設的遊戲目標，這種「獨樂樂不如眾樂樂」的行為，擴大了顧客的使用頻率和參與程度。本研究將過去手機會員App文獻著重的個人價值，延伸至群體價值，為此，提出了一個Z世代手機會員App客戶參與的過程模型，並說明其中數位行銷活動的關鍵要素。這些研究結果可以應用在企業發展和管理手機會員App時，提供更豐富的見解。
Mobile membership apps are playing a progressively crucial role in customer relationship management; However, research regarding how they impact Generation Z’s (GenZ’s) customer engagement in the digital activities is scant. This study, taken from Activity Theory, discovers how Starbucks Taiwan’s mobile membership app effectively manages the young cohort’s customer affiliation. The research findings have revealed a dynamic process of customer engagement journey, representing young customers’ engagement largely built upon digital gamified activities, where they often work with friends and families collaboratively to gain setting rewards. Their customer engagements are facilitated via sharing the funs of game elements with the motivation of achieving the ultimate goal. A Process Model of GenZ Customer Engagement in Mobile Membership Apps is proposed, outlining the key elements of marketing activities. This research results can be further developed to offer more fruitful insights to elaborate how a mobile memberships app can facilitate businesses to manage the customer relationship of this particular group.
參考文獻 References in Chinese:
     
     蕭閔云. (2020). 無懼路易莎與上萬超商追兵，星巴克靠3招鞏固台灣咖啡龍頭地位. Business Next. Retrived from https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/56786/starbucks-taiwan-tech
     
     Referecnes in English:
     
     Alalwan, A. A., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Rana, N. P. (2017). Factors influencing adoption of mobile banking by Jordanian bank customers: Extending UTAUT2 with trust. International Journal of Information Management, 37(3), 99-110.
     Allen, D. K., Brown, A., Karanasios, S., & Norman, A. (2013). How should technology-mediated organizational change be explained? A comparison of the contributions of critical realism and activity theory. MIS quarterly, 835-854.
     Alnawas, I., & Aburub, F. (2016). The effect of benefits generated from interacting with branded mobile apps on consumer satisfaction and purchase intentions. Journal of Retailing and consumer Services, 31, 313-322.
     Baek, T. H., & Yoo, C. Y. (2018). Branded app usability: Conceptualization, measurement, and prediction of consumer loyalty. Journal of Advertising, 47(1), 70-82.
     Baptista, G., & Oliveira, T. (2015). Understanding mobile banking: The unified theory of acceptance and use of technology combined with cultural moderators. Computers in Human Behavior, 50, 418-430.
     Batra, R., & Keller, K. L. (2016). Integrating marketing communications: New findings, new lessons, and new ideas. Journal of marketing, 80(6), 122-145.
     Berman, B. (2006). Developing an effective customer loyalty program. California management review, 49(1), 123-148.
     Bolton, R. N., Kannan, P. K., & Bramlett, M. D. (2000). Implications of loyalty program membership and service experiences for customer retention and value. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 28(1), 95-108.
     Chen, H. (2018). College-aged young consumers` perceptions of social media marketing: The story of Instagram. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 39(1), 22-36.
     Djafarova, E., & Bowes, T. (2021). ‘Instagram made Me buy it’: Generation Z impulse purchases in fashion industry. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 59, 102345.
     Djafarova, E., & Trofimenko, O. (2019). ‘Instafamous’–credibility and self-presentation of micro-celebrities on social media. Information, communication & society, 22(10), 1432-1446.
     Dowling, G. R., & Uncles, M. (1997). Do customer loyalty programs really work? Sloan management review, 38, 71-82.
     Eisenhardt, K. M., & Graebner, M. E. (2007). Theory building from cases: Opportunities and challenges. Academy of management journal, 50(1), 25-32.
     Engeström, Y. (1987). Learning by expanding: An activity-theoretical approach to developmental research. Cambridge University Press.
     Engeström, Y. (2001). Expansive learning at work: Toward an activity theoretical reconceptualization. Journal of education and work, 14(1), 133-156.
     Euromonitor. (2018). Generation Z: The Next Wave of Consumers. Retrived from https://www.euromonitor.com/article/generation-z-next-wave-consumers
     Goldman, S. M. (2010). Transformers. Journal of consumer marketing.
     Hsia, T.-L., Wu, J.-H., Xu, X., Li, Q., Peng, L., & Robinson, S. (2020). Omnichannel retailing: The role of situational involvement in facilitating consumer experiences. Information & Management, 57(8), 103390.
     Jadil, Y., Rana, N. P., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2022). Understanding the drivers of online trust and intention to buy on a website: An emerging market perspective. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 2(1), 100065.
     Jimenez, N., San-Martin, S., & Azuela, J. I. (2016). Trust and satisfaction: the keys to client loyalty in mobile commerce. Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, 29(4), 486-510.
     Karanasios, S. (2018). Toward a unified view of technology and activity: The contribution of activity theory to information systems research. Information Technology & People, 31(1), 134-155.
     Keh, H. T., & Lee, Y. H. (2006). Do reward programs build loyalty for services?: The moderating effect of satisfaction on type and timing of rewards. Journal of Retailing, 82(2), 127-136.
     Kim, J., Jin, B., & Swinney, J. L. (2009). The role of etail quality, e-satisfaction and e-trust in online loyalty development process. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 16(4), 239-247.
     Kim, S. J., Wang, R. J.-H., & Malthouse, E. C. (2015). The effects of adopting and using a brand`s mobile application on customers` subsequent purchase behavior. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 31, 28-41.
     Kuutti, K. (1996). Activity theory as a potential framework for human-computer interaction research. Context and consciousness: Activity theory and human-computer interaction, 1744, 9-22.
     Larivière, B., Joosten, H., Malthouse, E. C., Van Birgelen, M., Aksoy, P., Kunz, W. H., & Huang, M. H. (2013). Value fusion: The blending of consumer and firm value in the distinct context of mobile technologies and social media. Journal of Service Management, 24(3), 268-293.
     Li, C.-Y. (2018). Consumer behavior in switching between membership cards and mobile applications: The case of Starbucks. Computers in Human Behavior, 84, 171-184.
     Lim, B., Xie, Y., & Haruvy, E. (2022). The impact of mobile app adoption on physical and online channels. Journal of Retailing, 98(3), 453-470.
     Liu, H., Lobschat, L., Verhoef, P. C., & Zhao, H. (2019). App adoption: The effect on purchasing of customers who have used a mobile website previously. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 47, 16-34.
     Malhotra, N. K. (2012). Basic marketing research: Integration of social media. 2012. Pearson International Edition.
     Martins, C., Oliveira, T., & Popovič, A. (2014). Understanding the Internet banking adoption: A unified theory of acceptance and use of technology and perceived risk application. International Journal of Information Management, 34(1), 1-13.
     Merriman, M. (2015). What if the next big disruptor isn’ta what but a who. Ernst & Young.
     Myers, M. D. (2020). Qualitative Research in Business & Management. In: New York: Sage Publications.
     Nash, J. (2019). Exploring how social media platforms influence fashion consumer decisions in the UK retail sector. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, 23(1), 82-103.
     Nysveen, H., Pedersen, P. E., Thorbjørnsen, H., & Berthon, P. (2005). Mobilizing the brand: The effects of mobile services on brand relationships and main channel use. Journal of Service Research, 7(3), 257-276.
     Ou, W. M., Shih, C. M., Chen, C. Y., & Wang, K. C. (2011). Relationships among customer loyalty programs, service quality, relationship quality and loyalty: An empirical study. Chinese management studies, 5(2), 194-206.
     Parker, C., Scott, S., & Geddes, A. (2019). Snowball sampling. SAGE research methods foundations.
     Priporas, C.-V., Stylos, N., & Fotiadis, A. K. (2017). Generation Z consumers` expectations of interactions in smart retailing: A future agenda. Computers in Human Behavior, 77, 374-381.
     Priporas, C.-V., Stylos, N., & Kamenidou, I. E. (2020). City image, city brand personality and generation Z residents` life satisfaction under economic crisis: Predictors of city-related social media engagement. Journal of Business Research, 119, 453-463.
     PwC. (2020). Gen Z is Talking. Are you Listening? Retrived from https://www.pwc.de/de/handel-und-konsumguter/gen-z-is-talking-are-you-listening.pdf
     Ross, G. M. (2021). I use a COVID-19 contact-tracing app. Do you? Regulatory focus and the intention to engage with contact-tracing technology. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 1(2), 100045.
     Schlossberg, M. (2016). Teen Generation Z is being called`millennials on steroids,`and that could be terrifying for retailers. Retrieved, 9, 2016.
     Shaw, N., & Sergueeva, K. (2019). The non-monetary benefits of mobile commerce: Extending UTAUT2 with perceived value. International Journal of Information Management, 45, 44-55.
     Son, Y., Oh, W., Han, S. P., & Park, S. (2020). When loyalty goes mobile: Effects of mobile loyalty apps on purchase, redemption, and competition. Information Systems Research, 31(3), 835-847.
     Tamilmani, K., Rana, N. P., Wamba, S. F., & Dwivedi, R. (2021). The extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2): A systematic literature review and theory evaluation. International Journal of Information Management, 57, 102269.
     Van Heerde, H. J., Dinner, I. M., & Neslin, S. A. (2019). Engaging the unengaged customer: The value of a retailer mobile app. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 36(3), 420-438.
     Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS quarterly, 425-478.
     Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. Y., & Xu, X. (2012). Consumer acceptance and use of information technology: extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. MIS quarterly, 157-178.
     Vesel, P., & Zabkar, V. (2009). Managing customer loyalty through the mediating role of satisfaction in the DIY retail loyalty program. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 16(5), 396-406.
     Vygotsky, L. S., & Cole, M. (1978). Mind in society: Development of higher psychological processes. Harvard university press.
     Wang, R. J.-H., Malthouse, E. C., & Krishnamurthi, L. (2015). On the go: How mobile shopping affects customer purchase behavior. Journal of Retailing, 91(2), 217-234.
     Wang, Y., Lewis, M., Cryder, C., & Sprigg, J. (2016). Enduring effects of goal achievement and failure within customer loyalty programs: A large-scale field experiment. Marketing Science, 35(4), 565-575.
     Xu, J., Forman, C., Kim, J. B., & Van Ittersum, K. (2014). News media channels: Complements or substitutes? Evidence from mobile phone usage. Journal of marketing, 78(4), 97-112.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
資訊管理學系
110356049
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110356049
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 李怡慧zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Lee, Yi-Huien_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳子淦zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chan, Tsz-Kamen_US
dc.creator (作者) 陳子淦zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chan, Tsz-Kamen_US
dc.date (日期) 2023en_US
dc.date.accessioned 16-Aug-2023 13:36:11 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 16-Aug-2023 13:36:11 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 16-Aug-2023 13:36:11 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0110356049en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/146802-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 資訊管理學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 110356049zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 手機會員App在客戶關係管理中扮演越來越重要的角色，然而，關於它們如何透過數位活動設計影響Z世代（GenZ）顧客的參與，現有研究非常有限。本研究從活動理論的角度出發，探討台灣星巴克的手機會員App如何有效地吸引和管理年輕人的顧客關係。透過質性研究方法，本研究發現了一個由數位活動引導的、動態的、長期的顧客參與過程，受訪的年輕客戶較少獨自參與數位活動，傾向與朋友和家人合作，共同獲得遊戲獎勵，並經由系統性的任務分配，達成他們預設的遊戲目標，這種「獨樂樂不如眾樂樂」的行為，擴大了顧客的使用頻率和參與程度。本研究將過去手機會員App文獻著重的個人價值，延伸至群體價值，為此，提出了一個Z世代手機會員App客戶參與的過程模型，並說明其中數位行銷活動的關鍵要素。這些研究結果可以應用在企業發展和管理手機會員App時，提供更豐富的見解。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Mobile membership apps are playing a progressively crucial role in customer relationship management; However, research regarding how they impact Generation Z’s (GenZ’s) customer engagement in the digital activities is scant. This study, taken from Activity Theory, discovers how Starbucks Taiwan’s mobile membership app effectively manages the young cohort’s customer affiliation. The research findings have revealed a dynamic process of customer engagement journey, representing young customers’ engagement largely built upon digital gamified activities, where they often work with friends and families collaboratively to gain setting rewards. Their customer engagements are facilitated via sharing the funs of game elements with the motivation of achieving the ultimate goal. A Process Model of GenZ Customer Engagement in Mobile Membership Apps is proposed, outlining the key elements of marketing activities. This research results can be further developed to offer more fruitful insights to elaborate how a mobile memberships app can facilitate businesses to manage the customer relationship of this particular group.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents RESEARCH DATA STATEMENT I
     ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS II
     ABSTRACT III
     摘要 IV
     CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1
     CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 5
     2.1 User adoption of and engagement in mobile membership apps 5
     2.2 GenZ definition and characteristics 9
     2.3 Activity Theory 10
     CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODS 13
     3.1 Case selection 13
     3.2 Data collection 19
     3.3 Data analysis 22
     CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH FINDINGS 26
     4.1 A process of GenZ customer engagement 27
     4.2 Enhancing customer relationship via digital gamified activities 34
     4.3 A collective value-creation behavior 36
     CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION 41
     CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION 45
     6.1 Theoretical contributions 45
     6.2 Practical implications 47
     6.3 Limitations and future research 48
     REFERENCE 49
     APPENDIX: INTERVIEW QUESTIONS 53		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1592573 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110356049en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 行動商務zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 手機會員Appzh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 顧客參與zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Z世代zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 質性研究zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) M-commerceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Mobile membership appen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Customer engagementen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Generation Zen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Qualitative case studyen_US
dc.title (題名) 6.1英吋螢幕的行銷活動：探索Z世代顧客參與手機會員APP數位活動zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Marketing Activities in 6.1-inch Screens: Exploring Generation Z Customer Engagement in Mobile Membership Appsen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) References in Chinese:
     
     蕭閔云. (2020). 無懼路易莎與上萬超商追兵，星巴克靠3招鞏固台灣咖啡龍頭地位. Business Next. Retrived from https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/56786/starbucks-taiwan-tech
     
     Referecnes in English:
     
     Alalwan, A. A., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Rana, N. P. (2017). Factors influencing adoption of mobile banking by Jordanian bank customers: Extending UTAUT2 with trust. International Journal of Information Management, 37(3), 99-110.
     Allen, D. K., Brown, A., Karanasios, S., & Norman, A. (2013). How should technology-mediated organizational change be explained? A comparison of the contributions of critical realism and activity theory. MIS quarterly, 835-854.
     Alnawas, I., & Aburub, F. (2016). The effect of benefits generated from interacting with branded mobile apps on consumer satisfaction and purchase intentions. Journal of Retailing and consumer Services, 31, 313-322.
     Baek, T. H., & Yoo, C. Y. (2018). Branded app usability: Conceptualization, measurement, and prediction of consumer loyalty. Journal of Advertising, 47(1), 70-82.
     Baptista, G., & Oliveira, T. (2015). Understanding mobile banking: The unified theory of acceptance and use of technology combined with cultural moderators. Computers in Human Behavior, 50, 418-430.
     Batra, R., & Keller, K. L. (2016). Integrating marketing communications: New findings, new lessons, and new ideas. Journal of marketing, 80(6), 122-145.
     Berman, B. (2006). Developing an effective customer loyalty program. California management review, 49(1), 123-148.
     Bolton, R. N., Kannan, P. K., & Bramlett, M. D. (2000). Implications of loyalty program membership and service experiences for customer retention and value. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 28(1), 95-108.
     Chen, H. (2018). College-aged young consumers` perceptions of social media marketing: The story of Instagram. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 39(1), 22-36.
     Djafarova, E., & Bowes, T. (2021). ‘Instagram made Me buy it’: Generation Z impulse purchases in fashion industry. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 59, 102345.
     Djafarova, E., & Trofimenko, O. (2019). ‘Instafamous’–credibility and self-presentation of micro-celebrities on social media. Information, communication & society, 22(10), 1432-1446.
     Dowling, G. R., & Uncles, M. (1997). Do customer loyalty programs really work? Sloan management review, 38, 71-82.
     Eisenhardt, K. M., & Graebner, M. E. (2007). Theory building from cases: Opportunities and challenges. Academy of management journal, 50(1), 25-32.
     Engeström, Y. (1987). Learning by expanding: An activity-theoretical approach to developmental research. Cambridge University Press.
     Engeström, Y. (2001). Expansive learning at work: Toward an activity theoretical reconceptualization. Journal of education and work, 14(1), 133-156.
     Euromonitor. (2018). Generation Z: The Next Wave of Consumers. Retrived from https://www.euromonitor.com/article/generation-z-next-wave-consumers
     Goldman, S. M. (2010). Transformers. Journal of consumer marketing.
     Hsia, T.-L., Wu, J.-H., Xu, X., Li, Q., Peng, L., & Robinson, S. (2020). Omnichannel retailing: The role of situational involvement in facilitating consumer experiences. Information & Management, 57(8), 103390.
     Jadil, Y., Rana, N. P., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2022). Understanding the drivers of online trust and intention to buy on a website: An emerging market perspective. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 2(1), 100065.
     Jimenez, N., San-Martin, S., & Azuela, J. I. (2016). Trust and satisfaction: the keys to client loyalty in mobile commerce. Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, 29(4), 486-510.
     Karanasios, S. (2018). Toward a unified view of technology and activity: The contribution of activity theory to information systems research. Information Technology & People, 31(1), 134-155.
     Keh, H. T., & Lee, Y. H. (2006). Do reward programs build loyalty for services?: The moderating effect of satisfaction on type and timing of rewards. Journal of Retailing, 82(2), 127-136.
     Kim, J., Jin, B., & Swinney, J. L. (2009). The role of etail quality, e-satisfaction and e-trust in online loyalty development process. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 16(4), 239-247.
     Kim, S. J., Wang, R. J.-H., & Malthouse, E. C. (2015). The effects of adopting and using a brand`s mobile application on customers` subsequent purchase behavior. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 31, 28-41.
     Kuutti, K. (1996). Activity theory as a potential framework for human-computer interaction research. Context and consciousness: Activity theory and human-computer interaction, 1744, 9-22.
     Larivière, B., Joosten, H., Malthouse, E. C., Van Birgelen, M., Aksoy, P., Kunz, W. H., & Huang, M. H. (2013). Value fusion: The blending of consumer and firm value in the distinct context of mobile technologies and social media. Journal of Service Management, 24(3), 268-293.
     Li, C.-Y. (2018). Consumer behavior in switching between membership cards and mobile applications: The case of Starbucks. Computers in Human Behavior, 84, 171-184.
     Lim, B., Xie, Y., & Haruvy, E. (2022). The impact of mobile app adoption on physical and online channels. Journal of Retailing, 98(3), 453-470.
     Liu, H., Lobschat, L., Verhoef, P. C., & Zhao, H. (2019). App adoption: The effect on purchasing of customers who have used a mobile website previously. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 47, 16-34.
     Malhotra, N. K. (2012). Basic marketing research: Integration of social media. 2012. Pearson International Edition.
     Martins, C., Oliveira, T., & Popovič, A. (2014). Understanding the Internet banking adoption: A unified theory of acceptance and use of technology and perceived risk application. International Journal of Information Management, 34(1), 1-13.
     Merriman, M. (2015). What if the next big disruptor isn’ta what but a who. Ernst & Young.
     Myers, M. D. (2020). Qualitative Research in Business & Management. In: New York: Sage Publications.
     Nash, J. (2019). Exploring how social media platforms influence fashion consumer decisions in the UK retail sector. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, 23(1), 82-103.
     Nysveen, H., Pedersen, P. E., Thorbjørnsen, H., & Berthon, P. (2005). Mobilizing the brand: The effects of mobile services on brand relationships and main channel use. Journal of Service Research, 7(3), 257-276.
     Ou, W. M., Shih, C. M., Chen, C. Y., & Wang, K. C. (2011). Relationships among customer loyalty programs, service quality, relationship quality and loyalty: An empirical study. Chinese management studies, 5(2), 194-206.
     Parker, C., Scott, S., & Geddes, A. (2019). Snowball sampling. SAGE research methods foundations.
     Priporas, C.-V., Stylos, N., & Fotiadis, A. K. (2017). Generation Z consumers` expectations of interactions in smart retailing: A future agenda. Computers in Human Behavior, 77, 374-381.
     Priporas, C.-V., Stylos, N., & Kamenidou, I. E. (2020). City image, city brand personality and generation Z residents` life satisfaction under economic crisis: Predictors of city-related social media engagement. Journal of Business Research, 119, 453-463.
     PwC. (2020). Gen Z is Talking. Are you Listening? Retrived from https://www.pwc.de/de/handel-und-konsumguter/gen-z-is-talking-are-you-listening.pdf
     Ross, G. M. (2021). I use a COVID-19 contact-tracing app. Do you? Regulatory focus and the intention to engage with contact-tracing technology. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 1(2), 100045.
     Schlossberg, M. (2016). Teen Generation Z is being called`millennials on steroids,`and that could be terrifying for retailers. Retrieved, 9, 2016.
     Shaw, N., & Sergueeva, K. (2019). The non-monetary benefits of mobile commerce: Extending UTAUT2 with perceived value. International Journal of Information Management, 45, 44-55.
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