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題名 探討新冠肺炎台灣三級警戒期間之生活改變與學生在家學習對家長之心理衝擊
The Psychological Impact of Life Change and School Closure among Parents during Taiwan Covid-19 Level 3 Alert作者 邱清雯
Khoo, Cheng Boon貢獻者 許文耀
Hsu, Wen-Yao
邱清雯
Khoo, Cheng Boon關鍵詞 新冠肺炎
三級警戒
在家學習
日常生活行為
生活壓力改變
憂鬱
焦慮
Covid-19
lockdown
parents
lifestyle behavior
stressful life change
depression
anxiety日期 2023 上傳時間 1-Sep-2023 15:19:58 (UTC+8) 摘要 本研究以Holmes and Rahe (1967) 對生活事件的壓力理論探討新冠肺炎台灣實行三級警戒期間，所帶來的生活壓力改變對學生家長造成的心理衝擊。台灣於2021年5月因社區感染導致疫情失控而宣布三級警戒，新冠肺炎及政府所推行各項防疫措施對生活個人、心理社會以及社會層面都帶來巨大的影響及改變。因此，本研究認為在新冠肺炎疫情脈絡之下，需以全面的觀點檢視生活改變對心理狀態的影響，其中應包括個人層面的日常生活行為、心理社會層面的新冠肺炎三級警戒相關生活改變，及社會層面上家長對學生在家學習的經驗等三個層面探討對家長憂鬱和焦慮的影響。本研究透過八所國高中學，使用網路問卷共收錄1240學生家長為參與者，採用健康問卷（PHQ-9）及廣泛焦慮症量尺（GAD-7）測量家長焦慮和憂鬱症狀。研究結果，學生家長於台灣三級警戒期間，憂鬱及焦慮之盛行率分別為8.3% 和12.2%，結果顯示焦慮與憂鬱狀態與性別、年齡及教育程度並無相關。此外，使用探索性因素分析新冠肺炎三級警戒相關生活改變量表，因素分析結果擷取四個因素，將因素一命名為「家庭關係問題」（Cronbach’s α = 0.72）、因素二命名「生活擾亂」 （Cronbach’s α = 0.69）、因素三命名為「害怕被感染」 （Cronbach’s α = 0.91）及因素四命名為「社交隔離」 （Cronbach’s α = 0.60），總量表信度為Cronbach’s α = 0.75。再於家長對學生在家學習經驗量表進行探索性因素分析，取得兩個因素，並將因素一命名為「負向經驗」 （Cronbach’s α = 0.82），因素二命名「正向經驗」 （Cronbach’s α = 0.69），總量表信度Cronbach’s α = 0.82。本研究發現，個人因素及社會心理因素整體對憂鬱及焦慮症狀分別佔 42% 和 40%的解釋力，然而其中僅有家庭關係問題及生活擾亂顯著預測家長憂鬱症狀，對中度至重度憂鬱及焦慮(PHQ-9 ≥ 10 分, GAD-7 ≥ 10分) 有顯著的的預測比值。另外，害怕被感染僅顯著預測焦慮症狀，亦對中度至重度焦慮(GAD-7 ≥ 10分)有顯著預測比值。日常生活行為雖顯著預測焦慮症狀，然而對於中度至重度焦慮未有顯著預測比值。本研究結果發現，家庭關係問題和生活擾亂對憂鬱和焦慮穩定預測家長焦慮及憂鬱，顯示家庭關係問題及生活被擾亂為心理健康的危險因子。
Based on Holmes and Rahe (1967) perspective on life events, this study investigated the stressful life changes impact on parents’ mental health during the implementation of Covid-19 Level 3 Alert in Taiwan. Present study proposed that a comprehensive view should be adopted, such that changes at personal and psychosocial level involving daily lifestyle behavior, Covid-19 related life changes and parental experience of children being homeschool during pandemic lockdown should be taken into consideration together in exploring the Covid-19 impact on parents’ mental health condition. A total of 1240 parents from 8 junior and senior high school were recruited in this study from 14th to 28th June 2021, a month after the declaration of Covid-19 Level 3 Alert in Taiwan. Present study revealed prevalence of depression and anxiety among students’ parents were 8.3% and 12.2%, respectively during Covid-19 Level 3 Alert. There were no gender differences on depression and anxiety found in the sample of this study. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) performed on Covid-19 Level 3 Alert related life change questionnaire (Cronbach`s α = 0.75) extracted four factors, namely (i) Poor familial relationship (Cronbach`s α = 0.72), (ii) Fear of Infection (Cronbach`s α = 0.91), (iii) Life disruption (Cronbach`s α = 0.69), and (iv) Social Isolation (Cronbach`s α = 0.60); while EFA performed on Parental experience of children being homeschool questionnaire (Cronbach`s α = 0.82) extracted two factors, namely (i) Negative experience of homeschool (Cronbach`s α = 0.82), and (ii) Positive experience of homeschool (Cronbach`s α = 0.69). Present study finds that personal and psychosocial factors altogether have explained 42% and 40% of depression and anxiety respectively; however only poor familial relationship, life disruption predicted depression and anxiety significantly. Further analysis revealed parents with poor familial relationship and experience life disruption were more likely of having moderate to severe depression and anxiety (PHQ-9 ≥ 10 & GAD-7 ≥ 10). Then, fear of infection predicted anxiety significantly, and had higher odds of scoring moderate to severe anxiety (GAD-7 ≥ 10). Meanwhile, Daily lifestyle behavior predicted anxiety symptoms, however further analysis did not find significant odds predicting moderate to severe anxiety. Implication: Among seven personal and psychosocial factors being examined in this study, poor familial relationship and life disruption appeared to be strong and consistent predictors of depression and anxiety, illustrating the risk of poor familial relationship and instability in life expose parents to worsening mental health.參考文獻 Adam, D. (2022). The pandemic’s true death toll: Millions more than official counts. Nature, 601(7893), 312–315. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-00104-8Ahmed, M. 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Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov.tw/Bulletin/Detail/RFW196KlgUmiGLeXhSzX8w?typeid=9.衛生福利部. (2020c, March 12). 捷克政府宣布全國進入為期30天的緊急狀態；除捷克公民，來自疫情最嚴重15個國家的旅客禁止入境，也禁止超過30人聚會。. 臺灣嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎(COVID 19)防疫關鍵決策網. https://covid19.mohw.gov.tw/ch/cp-4822-53557-205.html衛生福利部. (2020d, February 2). 因應中國大陸新型冠狀病毒肺炎疫情嚴峻，中央流行疫情指揮中心決定全國高中職(含)以下學校，延後2週開學. 衛生福利部 疾病管制署. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov.tw/Bulletin/Detail/JZQlIA_rgWjwQV-gqeJJww?typeid=9.衛生福利部. (2020e, February 2). 因應中國大陸及國際間新型冠狀病毒肺炎疫情，中央流行疫情指揮中心密切監視疫情發展，籲請民眾入出國加強個人防疫措施. 衛生福利部 疾病管制署. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov.tw/Bulletin/Detail/2CAH1Yoc2KWPMhXnV9C7yQ?typeid=9.衛生福利部. (2020f, February 7). 指揮中心重申口罩使用三時機. 衛生福利部 疾病管制署. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov.tw/Bulletin/Detail/M3EZOYQonBr4EVTT5xwFqg?typeid=9.衛生福利部. (2020g). 走在對抗COVID-19 的路上 記錄抗疫的每個關鍵時刻 (1st ed.). 衛生福利部.衛生福利部. (2021a, May 11). 因應社區傳播風險升高，指揮中心即日起至6月8日，提升疫情警戒至第二級，實施相關限制措施，嚴守社區防線. 衛生福利部 疾病管制署. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov.tw/Bulletin/Detail/PHRzem5q4pU7_vHvVdCmRw?typeid=9.衛生福利部. (2021b, May 15). 因應社區傳播有擴大趨勢，指揮中心自即日起至5月28日提升雙北地區疫情警戒至第三級，加嚴、加大全國相關限制措施，嚴守社區防線. 衛生福利部 疾病管制署. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov.tw/Bulletin/Detail/E7bi2j8UYj1Rmz73OPE7Yg?typeid=9.衛生福利部. (2021c, July 23). 指揮中心自7月27日至8月9日調降疫情警戒標準至第二級，請民眾持續配合防疫措施，守護彼此健康. 衛生福利部 疾病管制署. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov.tw/Bulletin/Detail/e0v8zImE3rGJ0072A86NHA?typeid=9.衛生福利部. (2022a, February 24). 自3月1日至3月31日適度放寬防疫措施，並調整相關規定，請民眾自主落實防疫措施，共同維護國內社區安全. 衛生福利部 疾病管制署. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov.tw/Bulletin/Detail/gccjvyS5_y3GjQkJ98eAHg?typeid=9.衛生福利部. (2022c, March). 守護全民健康福祉 共創經濟防疫新模式. 衛生福利部. http://www.mohwpaper.tw/adv3/maz32/utx01xb.asp盧逸峰. (2020, October 31). 17年準備換得防疫成功 陳建仁示警：但台灣恐淪全球防疫網唯一漏洞-風傳媒. 風傳媒. https://www.storm.mg/article/3161751段佩玉. (2023). COVID-19疫情之下的社會生活衝擊與心理健康之相關影響. 諮商與輔導, 446期, 2–5. https://doi.org/10.29837/CG鄭爵儀. (2022, September 14). COVID-19院內群聚感染期間醫療從業人員壓力的衝擊及其影響因子之探討─以桃園某區域醫院為例. (thesis). 華藝線上圖書館. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202200914. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
心理學系
107752024資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107752024 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 許文耀 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Hsu, Wen-Yao en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 邱清雯 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Khoo, Cheng Boon en_US dc.creator (作者) 邱清雯 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Khoo, Cheng Boon en_US dc.date (日期) 2023 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Sep-2023 15:19:58 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Sep-2023 15:19:58 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Sep-2023 15:19:58 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0107752024 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/147012 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 心理學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 107752024 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究以Holmes and Rahe (1967) 對生活事件的壓力理論探討新冠肺炎台灣實行三級警戒期間，所帶來的生活壓力改變對學生家長造成的心理衝擊。台灣於2021年5月因社區感染導致疫情失控而宣布三級警戒，新冠肺炎及政府所推行各項防疫措施對生活個人、心理社會以及社會層面都帶來巨大的影響及改變。因此，本研究認為在新冠肺炎疫情脈絡之下，需以全面的觀點檢視生活改變對心理狀態的影響，其中應包括個人層面的日常生活行為、心理社會層面的新冠肺炎三級警戒相關生活改變，及社會層面上家長對學生在家學習的經驗等三個層面探討對家長憂鬱和焦慮的影響。本研究透過八所國高中學，使用網路問卷共收錄1240學生家長為參與者，採用健康問卷（PHQ-9）及廣泛焦慮症量尺（GAD-7）測量家長焦慮和憂鬱症狀。研究結果，學生家長於台灣三級警戒期間，憂鬱及焦慮之盛行率分別為8.3% 和12.2%，結果顯示焦慮與憂鬱狀態與性別、年齡及教育程度並無相關。此外，使用探索性因素分析新冠肺炎三級警戒相關生活改變量表，因素分析結果擷取四個因素，將因素一命名為「家庭關係問題」（Cronbach’s α = 0.72）、因素二命名「生活擾亂」 （Cronbach’s α = 0.69）、因素三命名為「害怕被感染」 （Cronbach’s α = 0.91）及因素四命名為「社交隔離」 （Cronbach’s α = 0.60），總量表信度為Cronbach’s α = 0.75。再於家長對學生在家學習經驗量表進行探索性因素分析，取得兩個因素，並將因素一命名為「負向經驗」 （Cronbach’s α = 0.82），因素二命名「正向經驗」 （Cronbach’s α = 0.69），總量表信度Cronbach’s α = 0.82。本研究發現，個人因素及社會心理因素整體對憂鬱及焦慮症狀分別佔 42% 和 40%的解釋力，然而其中僅有家庭關係問題及生活擾亂顯著預測家長憂鬱症狀，對中度至重度憂鬱及焦慮(PHQ-9 ≥ 10 分, GAD-7 ≥ 10分) 有顯著的的預測比值。另外，害怕被感染僅顯著預測焦慮症狀，亦對中度至重度焦慮(GAD-7 ≥ 10分)有顯著預測比值。日常生活行為雖顯著預測焦慮症狀，然而對於中度至重度焦慮未有顯著預測比值。本研究結果發現，家庭關係問題和生活擾亂對憂鬱和焦慮穩定預測家長焦慮及憂鬱，顯示家庭關係問題及生活被擾亂為心理健康的危險因子。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Based on Holmes and Rahe (1967) perspective on life events, this study investigated the stressful life changes impact on parents’ mental health during the implementation of Covid-19 Level 3 Alert in Taiwan. Present study proposed that a comprehensive view should be adopted, such that changes at personal and psychosocial level involving daily lifestyle behavior, Covid-19 related life changes and parental experience of children being homeschool during pandemic lockdown should be taken into consideration together in exploring the Covid-19 impact on parents’ mental health condition. A total of 1240 parents from 8 junior and senior high school were recruited in this study from 14th to 28th June 2021, a month after the declaration of Covid-19 Level 3 Alert in Taiwan. Present study revealed prevalence of depression and anxiety among students’ parents were 8.3% and 12.2%, respectively during Covid-19 Level 3 Alert. There were no gender differences on depression and anxiety found in the sample of this study. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) performed on Covid-19 Level 3 Alert related life change questionnaire (Cronbach`s α = 0.75) extracted four factors, namely (i) Poor familial relationship (Cronbach`s α = 0.72), (ii) Fear of Infection (Cronbach`s α = 0.91), (iii) Life disruption (Cronbach`s α = 0.69), and (iv) Social Isolation (Cronbach`s α = 0.60); while EFA performed on Parental experience of children being homeschool questionnaire (Cronbach`s α = 0.82) extracted two factors, namely (i) Negative experience of homeschool (Cronbach`s α = 0.82), and (ii) Positive experience of homeschool (Cronbach`s α = 0.69). Present study finds that personal and psychosocial factors altogether have explained 42% and 40% of depression and anxiety respectively; however only poor familial relationship, life disruption predicted depression and anxiety significantly. Further analysis revealed parents with poor familial relationship and experience life disruption were more likely of having moderate to severe depression and anxiety (PHQ-9 ≥ 10 & GAD-7 ≥ 10). Then, fear of infection predicted anxiety significantly, and had higher odds of scoring moderate to severe anxiety (GAD-7 ≥ 10). Meanwhile, Daily lifestyle behavior predicted anxiety symptoms, however further analysis did not find significant odds predicting moderate to severe anxiety. Implication: Among seven personal and psychosocial factors being examined in this study, poor familial relationship and life disruption appeared to be strong and consistent predictors of depression and anxiety, illustrating the risk of poor familial relationship and instability in life expose parents to worsening mental health. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 62.1 Previous Research on Infectious Disease Outbreak 62.2 Research on Covid-19 from other countries 72.2.1 Psychological Impact of Covid-19 During Pandemic Lockdown 72.2.2 Parents as the Focus of Study 172.3 Current Research on Covid-19 in Taiwan 202.3.1 Purpose of the Study 262.4 Under Covid-19 Level 3 Alert, Life Changes that Influence Students’ Parents’Mental Health -- The Stress Perspective 282.5 Changes During Pandemic Lockdown 312.5.1 Change in Life Routine due to Disruption 322.5.2 Change in Daily Lifestyle Behavior 332.5.3 Change of Financial Stability due to Disruption 342.5.4 Change in Relationship and Social Interaction 352.5.5 Increase Fear and Panic due to New Emerging Infectious Disease 362.6 Relationship between Changes during Covid-19 and Mental Health 372.6.1 Association between Change in Life Routine and Mental Health 372.6.2 Association between Change in Daily Lifestyle Behavior and Mental Health 382.6.3 Association between Change in Financial Stability and Mental Health 392.6.4 Association between Change in Relationship and Social Interaction and Mental Health 402.6.5 Association between Increase Fear and Panic Due to New Emerging Infectious Disease Relation to Mental Health 422.7 Present Study 432.7.1 Theoretical Model of the Study 45CHAPTER III RESEARCH QUESTIONS 47CHAPTER IV RESEARCH METHODS 504.1 Procedures and Respondents 504.2 Measures 504.2.1 Demographics 504.2.2 Negative and Positive Experiences of Homeschooling 504.2.3 Covid-19 Level 3 Alert Related Stressors 514.2.4 Daily Lifestyle Behavior 544.2.5 Psychological Impact on Parents 554.3 Statistical Analysis 57CHAPTER V RESULTS 615.1 Descriptive analysis 615.2 Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety 635.3 Exploratory Factor Analysis on Covid-19 Level 3 Alert related Life Change 645.3.1 Reduction of Items 645.3.2 Final Factor Structure 665.3.3 Factor Description 665.4 Exploratory Factor Analysis on Positive and Negative Experience of Homeschool 695.5 Pearson Correlation between Variables 745.5.1 Variables Association with Depression and Anxiety 765.6 Impact of Independent Variables on Mental Health 785.6.1 Impact of Life Change Factors on Mental Health 785.6.2 Odds Ratio of Life Change on Mental Health 82CHAPTER VI DISCUSSION 866.1 Major Findings on Prevalence of Mental Health 866.2 Comparing Prevalence of Mental Health Internationally and Under Taiwan Context 876.3 The Breakthrough of Present Research comparing to Existing Studies 906.4 Implication of Present Research Findings 946.5 Suggestion and Limitation 986.6 Contribution 99REFERENCES 100APPENDICES A QUESTIONNAIRE 115 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2984576 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107752024 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 新冠肺炎 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 三級警戒 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 在家學習 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 日常生活行為 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 生活壓力改變 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 憂鬱 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 焦慮 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Covid-19 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) lockdown en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) parents en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) lifestyle behavior en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) stressful life change en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) depression en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) anxiety en_US dc.title (題名) 探討新冠肺炎台灣三級警戒期間之生活改變與學生在家學習對家長之心理衝擊 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Psychological Impact of Life Change and School Closure among Parents during Taiwan Covid-19 Level 3 Alert en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Adam, D. 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