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題名 二十一世紀亞洲中小型國家應對強權競合之理論與實踐：以南韓與新加坡為例
Theory and Practice of Small and Middle States’ Strategy Under Great Power Struggle in 21st Century Asia: Case Studies of South Korea and Singapore
作者 雍伯康
Yung, Po-Kang
貢獻者 邱坤玄
Chiu, Kun-Shuan
雍伯康
Yung, Po-Kang
關鍵詞 避險
中小國家
美中關係
南韓
新加坡
日期 2023
上傳時間 1-Sep-2023 15:31:30 (UTC+8)
摘要 在美蘇冷戰結束後，兩極對立的國際體系消失給予了中小國家進行多元外交策略的發展機會。不同於傳統上的抗衡或扈從策略，避險策略為一種外交策略上的彈性操作，採取避險的國家不會選擇單一策略，而是同時採取具相互抵銷效果的策略，以確保情勢變遷時能將自身面臨的損害降到最低。避險常見於強權競合的國際環境中，夾處其中的中小國家得益於左右逢源的處境，能夠採取多方合作的策略以降低對單一強權國或外部勢力的依賴。

然而，在當今美中關係趨於嚴峻的情況下，亞洲中小國家開始被迫面臨做出抉擇的壓力。身處於此種環境之下，原先採取避險的國家勢必要調整策略。本文關注南韓與新加坡在應對強權關係挑戰時所採取的應對措施，並由薩德部署與南海爭端兩個議題中，觀察韓、星兩國的政策變化。最後針對兩國的相異點進行比較與分析，了解影響兩國策略之因素。本文認為，強權關係的緊縮會大幅限制中小國家採取避險的能力。此外，即便避險是中小國家的理想策略，但在國家安全與核心利益可能受到損害的情形之下，避險亦無法做為策略考量之一。亞洲中小國家未來的外交策略操作空間端看美國與中共間的強權關係如何發展，若強權關係持續緊張，則會連帶使中小國家回歸抗衡或扈從的道路。
參考文獻 一、中文部分
(一)專書
王雲東，《社會研究方法：量化與質性取向及其應用》第三版。新北市：揚智文化，2016。
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(二)專書篇章與論文
孟子，〈孟子·梁惠王下〉，林慶彰主編，《廣註孟子讀本：民國時期經學叢書》第一輯。台中：文聽閣圖書有限公司，2008年。
薛健吾，〈經濟因素如何影響歐、俄競爭下「地緣斷層線」上的國家對俄國態度的變化：2000-2015〉，吳玉山主編，《左右逢源還是左右為難?：中小型國家在兩強間的抉擇》。臺中市：奇果創新國際股份有限公司，2019年，初版，頁90-110。
魏百谷，〈地緣政治夾縫中的立陶宛〉，吳玉山主編，《左右逢源還是左右為難?：中小型國家在兩強間的抉擇》。臺中市：奇果創新國際股份有限公司，2019年，初版，頁56-64。

(三)期刊論文
吳玉山，〈抗衡或扈從：面對強鄰時的策略抉擇《上》〉，《問題與研究》，第36期第2卷（1997），頁1-32。
林子立，〈哈薩克多方外交的國際體系結構因素〉，《全球政治評論》，第66期（2019），頁57-78。
邱坤玄，〈霸權穩定論與冷戰後中(共)美權力關係〉，《東亞季刊》，第31卷第3期（2000），頁1-14。
崔志鷹，〈朝鮮半島問題與中美關係〉，《韓國研究論叢》，第1期第24輯（2012），頁119-133。
張登及，〈美國的戰略意圖與影響－論美軍「自由航行行動」〉，《海峽評論》，第343期（2019），頁26-27。
楊三億，〈中小型國家的安全策略及其路徑演變：以塞爾維亞、亞美尼亞與烏克蘭為例〉，《政治科學論叢》，第78期（2018），頁105-136。
盧業中，〈當前朝鮮半島的安全困境－以2010年天安艦事件以來為例〉，《遠景基金會季刊》，第16卷第1期（2015），頁143-188。

（四）網路與其他資料
〈中國為何對薩德如此憂心忡忡?〉，2017，《BBC中文網》，取自：https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world-39488097。檢索時間：2022/12/08
〈美國首次否認中國在南海『九段線』主張，指責中國行動「非法」〉，2020，《BBC中文網》，取自：https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world-53398946。檢索時間：2021/02/08
〈習近平：繼續朝著中華民族偉大復興目標奮勇前進〉，2012，《新華社》，取自：http://big5.www.gov.cn/gate/big5/www.gov.cn/ldhd/2012-11/29/content_2278733.htm。檢索時間：2021/06/13
〈薩德糾紛升級，中國媒體呼籲封殺樂天〉，2017，《BBC中文網》，取自：https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/chinese-news-39116592。檢索時間：2022/12/08
金元燮，2016，〈朴槿惠：薩德不針對除朝鮮外的任何第三國〉，《朝鮮日報中文版》，取自：http://cnnews.chosun.com/client/news/viw.asp?cate=C01&mcate=M1001&nNewsNumb=20160745342&nidx=45343。檢索時間：2022/11/25

二、英文部分
(一)專書
Goh, Evelyn. Meeting the China Challenge: The U.S. in Southeast Asian Regional Security Strategies. Washington: East-West Center, 2005.
Tan, Andrew. Security Perspectives of the Malay Archipelago. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2004.
Walt, Stephen. The Origins of Alliances. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1987.
Waltz, Kenneth. Theory of International Politics. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1979.

（二）專書篇章
Tan, See Seng. 2009. “‘Dragon-Riding’: Singapore’s Pragmatic Relationship with China.” in Jun Tsunekawa ed. The Rise of China: Responses from Southeast Asia and Japan, NIDS Joint Research Series No. 4 (Tokyo: National institute for Defense Studies, 2009) pp.21-45.

（三）專書篇章譯著
Thucydides, “The Melian Dialogue.” in Rex Warner, trans. M. I. Finley, eds., History of the Peloponnesian War. (Penguin Classics, 1954)


（四）期刊論文
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Chan, Jane. 2016. “Singapore and the South China Sea: Being an Effective Coordinator and Honest Broker.” Asia Policy. No. 21 (January 2016), pp. 41-46.
Desker, Barry. “The Eagle and the Panda: An Owl’s View from Southeast Asia.” Asia Policy. No. 15 (2013), pp. 26-30.
Dexian, Cai. “Hedging for Maximum Flexibility: Singapore’s Pragmatic Approach to Security Relations with the US and China.” Pointer. Vol.39, No.2 (2013), pp.1-12.
Fook, Lye Liang. “Singapore–China Relations: Building Substantive Ties Amidst Challenges.” Southeast Asian Affairs. (2018), pp.321-340.
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Han, Sukhee. “From engagement to hedging: South Korea`s new China Policy.” Korean Journal of Defense Analysis. Vol.20, No.4 (2008), pp.335-351.
Huong, Le Thu. “How to Survive a Great Power Competition: Southeast Asia’s Precarious Balancing Act.” Foreign Affairs. Vol.102, No.3 (2023), pp.30-35.
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Kim, Min-hyung. “South Korea’s Strategy toward a Rising China, Security Dynamics in East Asia, and International Relations Theory.” Asian Survey. Vol. 56, No. 4 (July/August 2016), pp.707-730.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
外交學系
108253021
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108253021
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 邱坤玄zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chiu, Kun-Shuanen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 雍伯康zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Yung, Po-Kangen_US
dc.creator (作者) 雍伯康zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Yung, Po-Kangen_US
dc.date (日期) 2023en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Sep-2023 15:31:30 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Sep-2023 15:31:30 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Sep-2023 15:31:30 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0108253021en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/147060-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 外交學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 108253021zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 在美蘇冷戰結束後，兩極對立的國際體系消失給予了中小國家進行多元外交策略的發展機會。不同於傳統上的抗衡或扈從策略，避險策略為一種外交策略上的彈性操作，採取避險的國家不會選擇單一策略，而是同時採取具相互抵銷效果的策略，以確保情勢變遷時能將自身面臨的損害降到最低。避險常見於強權競合的國際環境中，夾處其中的中小國家得益於左右逢源的處境，能夠採取多方合作的策略以降低對單一強權國或外部勢力的依賴。

然而，在當今美中關係趨於嚴峻的情況下，亞洲中小國家開始被迫面臨做出抉擇的壓力。身處於此種環境之下，原先採取避險的國家勢必要調整策略。本文關注南韓與新加坡在應對強權關係挑戰時所採取的應對措施，並由薩德部署與南海爭端兩個議題中，觀察韓、星兩國的政策變化。最後針對兩國的相異點進行比較與分析，了解影響兩國策略之因素。本文認為，強權關係的緊縮會大幅限制中小國家採取避險的能力。此外，即便避險是中小國家的理想策略，但在國家安全與核心利益可能受到損害的情形之下，避險亦無法做為策略考量之一。亞洲中小國家未來的外交策略操作空間端看美國與中共間的強權關係如何發展，若強權關係持續緊張，則會連帶使中小國家回歸抗衡或扈從的道路。		zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章　緒論 1
第一節　研究動機與目的 1
第二節　文獻回顧 6
第三節　研究途徑與研究方法 25
第四節　研究範圍 26

第二章　21世紀中美競爭的政治格局 29
第一節　中美之間的權力對比轉變 30
第二節　中共對美政策特色 35
第三節　美國對華政策特色 39
第四節　美、中強權競爭對亞洲國家的影響 43

第三章　南韓的避險策略 47
第一節　南韓地緣政治環境與歷史 47
第二節　21世紀韓美雙邊關係發展 50
第三節　21世紀韓中雙邊關係發展 52
第四節　薩德飛彈系統部署爭議-南韓政府的應對 57
第五節　小結 65

第四章　新加坡的避險策略 69
第一節　新加坡地緣政治環境與歷史 69
第二節　21世紀星美雙邊關係發展 71
第三節　21世紀星中雙邊關係發展 74
第四節　南海爭端-新加坡政府的應對 77
第五節　小結 80

第五章　結論 83
第一節　研究發現 83
第二節　研究展望 87

參考文獻 89		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 2905627 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108253021en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 避險zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 中小國家zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 美中關係zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 南韓zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 新加坡zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 二十一世紀亞洲中小型國家應對強權競合之理論與實踐：以南韓與新加坡為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Theory and Practice of Small and Middle States’ Strategy Under Great Power Struggle in 21st Century Asia: Case Studies of South Korea and Singaporeen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文部分
(一)專書
王雲東，《社會研究方法：量化與質性取向及其應用》第三版。新北市：揚智文化，2016。
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(二)專書篇章與論文
孟子，〈孟子·梁惠王下〉，林慶彰主編，《廣註孟子讀本：民國時期經學叢書》第一輯。台中：文聽閣圖書有限公司，2008年。
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魏百谷，〈地緣政治夾縫中的立陶宛〉，吳玉山主編，《左右逢源還是左右為難?：中小型國家在兩強間的抉擇》。臺中市：奇果創新國際股份有限公司，2019年，初版，頁56-64。

(三)期刊論文
吳玉山，〈抗衡或扈從：面對強鄰時的策略抉擇《上》〉，《問題與研究》，第36期第2卷（1997），頁1-32。
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張登及，〈美國的戰略意圖與影響－論美軍「自由航行行動」〉，《海峽評論》，第343期（2019），頁26-27。
楊三億，〈中小型國家的安全策略及其路徑演變：以塞爾維亞、亞美尼亞與烏克蘭為例〉，《政治科學論叢》，第78期（2018），頁105-136。
盧業中，〈當前朝鮮半島的安全困境－以2010年天安艦事件以來為例〉，《遠景基金會季刊》，第16卷第1期（2015），頁143-188。

（四）網路與其他資料
〈中國為何對薩德如此憂心忡忡?〉，2017，《BBC中文網》，取自：https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world-39488097。檢索時間：2022/12/08
〈美國首次否認中國在南海『九段線』主張，指責中國行動「非法」〉，2020，《BBC中文網》，取自：https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world-53398946。檢索時間：2021/02/08
〈習近平：繼續朝著中華民族偉大復興目標奮勇前進〉，2012，《新華社》，取自：http://big5.www.gov.cn/gate/big5/www.gov.cn/ldhd/2012-11/29/content_2278733.htm。檢索時間：2021/06/13
〈薩德糾紛升級，中國媒體呼籲封殺樂天〉，2017，《BBC中文網》，取自：https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/chinese-news-39116592。檢索時間：2022/12/08
金元燮，2016，〈朴槿惠：薩德不針對除朝鮮外的任何第三國〉，《朝鮮日報中文版》，取自：http://cnnews.chosun.com/client/news/viw.asp?cate=C01&mcate=M1001&nNewsNumb=20160745342&nidx=45343。檢索時間：2022/11/25

二、英文部分
(一)專書
Goh, Evelyn. Meeting the China Challenge: The U.S. in Southeast Asian Regional Security Strategies. Washington: East-West Center, 2005.
Tan, Andrew. Security Perspectives of the Malay Archipelago. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2004.
Walt, Stephen. The Origins of Alliances. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1987.
Waltz, Kenneth. Theory of International Politics. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1979.

（二）專書篇章
Tan, See Seng. 2009. “‘Dragon-Riding’: Singapore’s Pragmatic Relationship with China.” in Jun Tsunekawa ed. The Rise of China: Responses from Southeast Asia and Japan, NIDS Joint Research Series No. 4 (Tokyo: National institute for Defense Studies, 2009) pp.21-45.

（三）專書篇章譯著
Thucydides, “The Melian Dialogue.” in Rex Warner, trans. M. I. Finley, eds., History of the Peloponnesian War. (Penguin Classics, 1954)


（四）期刊論文
Ba, Alice. “Who’s Socializing Whom? Complex Engagement in Sino-ASEAN Relations,” The Pacific Review. Vol.19 (2006), pp.157-179.
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Chan, Jane. 2016. “Singapore and the South China Sea: Being an Effective Coordinator and Honest Broker.” Asia Policy. No. 21 (January 2016), pp. 41-46.
Desker, Barry. “The Eagle and the Panda: An Owl’s View from Southeast Asia.” Asia Policy. No. 15 (2013), pp. 26-30.
Dexian, Cai. “Hedging for Maximum Flexibility: Singapore’s Pragmatic Approach to Security Relations with the US and China.” Pointer. Vol.39, No.2 (2013), pp.1-12.
Fook, Lye Liang. “Singapore–China Relations: Building Substantive Ties Amidst Challenges.” Southeast Asian Affairs. (2018), pp.321-340.
Glaser, Charles. “Will China’s rise lead to war? Why realism does not mean pessimism.” Foreign Affairs. Vol.90, No.2 (2011), pp.80-91.
Goh, Evelyn. “Southeast Asian Perspectives on the China Challenge.” The Journal of Strategic Studies. Vol.30, Issue 4-5 (2007), pp. 809-832.
Han, Sukhee. “From engagement to hedging: South Korea`s new China Policy.” Korean Journal of Defense Analysis. Vol.20, No.4 (2008), pp.335-351.
Huong, Le Thu. “How to Survive a Great Power Competition: Southeast Asia’s Precarious Balancing Act.” Foreign Affairs. Vol.102, No.3 (2023), pp.30-35.
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