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題名 托克維爾論民主的倫理基礎
Tocqueville on the Ethical Foundation of Democracy作者 陳立
Chen, Li貢獻者 曾國祥<br>陳建綱
Tseng, Roy<br>Chen, Chien-Kang
陳立
Chen, Li關鍵詞 托克維爾
民主
倫理
德性
正確理解的利益
自我犧牲
Alexis de Tocqueville
Democracy
Ethic
Virtue
Interest rightly understood
Self-sacrifice日期 2023 上傳時間 1-Sep-2023 15:35:26 (UTC+8) 摘要 本文的研究目的在於闡釋亞歷西斯·德·托克維爾的新政治科學主要是為民主奠定倫理基礎，並以此將其民主理論體系化。民主的倫理基礎包含共同體基礎和道德基礎。本文嘗試採用類似亞里斯多德《政治學》第一書分析政治的框架將托克維爾主要是使用描述性語言書寫的《民主在美國》進行系統化的理論分析與詮釋，即圍繞家庭、鄉鎮、國家三個共同體或者稱三種倫理生活。本文認為托克維爾對政治目的的理解與亞里斯多德相似即追求德性政治。不過，托克維爾在《民主在美國》緒言就宣告，「嶄新的世界需要新的政治科學」，所以，他必須採取不同的思考路徑實現德性政治。托克維爾認為「利益」無可避免地成為人在民主中思考道德的核心，故而提出「正確理解的利益」的道德原則。筆者進一步揭示，這一原則實際上是要促使每個人面對利益衝突時學會「自我犧牲」。本文圍繞「自我犧牲」這一概念論述家庭、鄉鎮、國家這三個共同體的道德基礎。最後，本文也是通過「自我犧牲」這一概念論證托克維爾的民主理論與其國際政治思想也是連貫的，共同築成托克維爾的新政治科學。
This thesis aims to demonstrate that the main purpose of Alexis de Tocqueville’s new political science is to lay an ethical foundation for democracy, and to systematize his theory of democracy in this way. The ethical foundation of democracy includes communal foundation and moral foundation. In order to systematically theorize and interpret Tocqueville’s Democracy in America, which was mainly written in descriptive language, I propose to use a framework which is similar to that of Aristotle’s in the first book of Politics. That is, my framework regards family, township, and nation-state as three communities or three ethical lives. This thesis also argues that Tocqueville’s understanding of political purpose is similar to that of Aristotle’s, namely, the pursuit of virtuous politics. However, Tocqueville declared that “A new political science is needed for a world entirely new” in the Introduction to Democracy in America. Therefore, he had to develop a different path to realize the politics of virtue. Tocqueville observed that “interest” had inevitably become the core of people’s thinking about morality in democracy, therefore he put forward the moral doctrine of “interest rightly understood” (l`intérêt bien entendu). I further reveal that this doctrine is to encourage everyone to learn “self-sacrifice” (self-abnegation) in the face of conflicts of interest. On that account, this thesis focuses on the conception of “self-sacrifice” to discuss the moral foundation of family, township and nation-state. Finally, by following the conception of “self-sacrifice”, this thesis also argues that Tocqueville’s democratic theory is coherent with his international political thought, both of which shape Tocqueville’s new political science.參考文獻 一、托克維爾著作中英文譯本：亞歷西斯·德·托克維爾，1988，董果良（譯），《論美國的民主》，北京：商務印書館。1992，馮棠（譯），《舊制度與大革命》，北京：商務印書館。Tocqueville, Alexis de. 1899. 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國立政治大學
政治學系
105252506資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105252506 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 曾國祥<br>陳建綱 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Tseng, Roy<br>Chen, Chien-Kang en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳立 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chen, Li en_US dc.creator (作者) 陳立 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Chen, Li en_US dc.date (日期) 2023 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Sep-2023 15:35:26 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Sep-2023 15:35:26 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Sep-2023 15:35:26 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0105252506 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/147077 - dc.description (描述) 博士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 政治學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 105252506 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本文的研究目的在於闡釋亞歷西斯·德·托克維爾的新政治科學主要是為民主奠定倫理基礎，並以此將其民主理論體系化。民主的倫理基礎包含共同體基礎和道德基礎。本文嘗試採用類似亞里斯多德《政治學》第一書分析政治的框架將托克維爾主要是使用描述性語言書寫的《民主在美國》進行系統化的理論分析與詮釋，即圍繞家庭、鄉鎮、國家三個共同體或者稱三種倫理生活。本文認為托克維爾對政治目的的理解與亞里斯多德相似即追求德性政治。不過，托克維爾在《民主在美國》緒言就宣告，「嶄新的世界需要新的政治科學」，所以，他必須採取不同的思考路徑實現德性政治。托克維爾認為「利益」無可避免地成為人在民主中思考道德的核心，故而提出「正確理解的利益」的道德原則。筆者進一步揭示，這一原則實際上是要促使每個人面對利益衝突時學會「自我犧牲」。本文圍繞「自我犧牲」這一概念論述家庭、鄉鎮、國家這三個共同體的道德基礎。最後，本文也是通過「自我犧牲」這一概念論證托克維爾的民主理論與其國際政治思想也是連貫的，共同築成托克維爾的新政治科學。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) This thesis aims to demonstrate that the main purpose of Alexis de Tocqueville’s new political science is to lay an ethical foundation for democracy, and to systematize his theory of democracy in this way. The ethical foundation of democracy includes communal foundation and moral foundation. In order to systematically theorize and interpret Tocqueville’s Democracy in America, which was mainly written in descriptive language, I propose to use a framework which is similar to that of Aristotle’s in the first book of Politics. That is, my framework regards family, township, and nation-state as three communities or three ethical lives. This thesis also argues that Tocqueville’s understanding of political purpose is similar to that of Aristotle’s, namely, the pursuit of virtuous politics. However, Tocqueville declared that “A new political science is needed for a world entirely new” in the Introduction to Democracy in America. Therefore, he had to develop a different path to realize the politics of virtue. Tocqueville observed that “interest” had inevitably become the core of people’s thinking about morality in democracy, therefore he put forward the moral doctrine of “interest rightly understood” (l`intérêt bien entendu). I further reveal that this doctrine is to encourage everyone to learn “self-sacrifice” (self-abnegation) in the face of conflicts of interest. On that account, this thesis focuses on the conception of “self-sacrifice” to discuss the moral foundation of family, township and nation-state. Finally, by following the conception of “self-sacrifice”, this thesis also argues that Tocqueville’s democratic theory is coherent with his international political thought, both of which shape Tocqueville’s new political science. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 導論：新政治科學與「正確理解的利益」道德原則 1第一節 研究背景 1第二節 研究動機 13第三節 文獻探討 19第四節 章節安排 27第五節 研究方法 29第二章 托克維爾論家庭的本質與民主精神：公私混合性與自我犧牲 31第一節 托克維爾研究者對約翰·穆勒的回應及其局限 32第二節 家庭的公私混合性：圍繞父子關係展開 39第三節 家庭中的自我犧牲精神：圍繞夫妻關係展開 45第四節 小結 51第三章 托克維爾論鄉鎮：作為市民社會基礎的現代城邦 53第一節 前言 53第二節 鄉鎮與市民社會 57第三節 作為現代城邦的鄉鎮 62第四節 鄉鎮的自然局限：法院與政治教育 72第五節 正確理解的物質利益與全國性的政治動亂：黨爭、革命與戰爭 76第六節 小結 82第四章 基督教與民主共和國的共存問題：托克維爾與盧梭觀點之比較 84第一節 托克維爾、盧梭與政教關係 85第二節 基督教與民主共和國 87第三節 托克維爾的愛國主義與盧梭的公民宗教 96第四節 人的自然性與社會性 100第五節 小結 104第五章 托克維爾對法蘭西帝國的道德想像：正確理解的國家利益 106第一節 《民主在美國》與托克維爾的殖民著作 107第二節 榮譽、正確理解的利益與帝國的道德想像 113第三節 美國模式下的北非民主試驗：自由的地方政府 120第四節 小結 129第六章 結論：恐懼作為激情與力量，從「自我保存」轉向「自我犧牲」 131參考文獻 138 zh_TW dc.format.extent 1233502 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105252506 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 托克維爾 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 民主 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 倫理 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 德性 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 正確理解的利益 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 自我犧牲 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Alexis de Tocqueville en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Democracy en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Ethic en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Virtue en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Interest rightly understood en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Self-sacrifice en_US dc.title (題名) 托克維爾論民主的倫理基礎 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Tocqueville on the Ethical Foundation of Democracy en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、托克維爾著作中英文譯本：亞歷西斯·德·托克維爾，1988，董果良（譯），《論美國的民主》，北京：商務印書館。1992，馮棠（譯），《舊制度與大革命》，北京：商務印書館。Tocqueville, Alexis de. 1899. 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