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題名 法律費用保險之比較研究—以日本為比較中心
A Comparative Study on Legal Expenses Insurance: Focusing on Japan作者 劉玹名
Liu, Hsuan-Ming貢獻者 葉啓洲
Yeh, Chi-Chou
劉玹名
Liu, Hsuan-Ming關鍵詞 法律費用保險
法律保護保險
訴訟費用保險
訴訟資助
司法近用
日本辯護士聯合會
日本保險業
日本財產保險
日本保險市場
Legal Expenses Insurance
Legal Protection Insurance
Litigation Costs Insurance
Litigation Funding
Access to Justice
Japan Federation of Bar Associations
Japan`s Insurance Industry
Japan`s Property Insurance
Japan`s Insurance Market日期 2023 上傳時間 1-Sep-2023 16:04:50 (UTC+8) 摘要 法律費用保險藉由移轉法律費用風險給保險人,填補被保險人在法律紛爭時所產生的法律費用損失,可以促進被保險人近用司法,為訴訟資助的方式之一,已被外國文獻所關注。外國保險市場亦已針對此險種進行銷售。然而,台灣的保險市場缺乏此類法律費用保險商品,尤其是對於作為原告的被保險人的法律費用進行填補的商品,有保障不足之處。有鑒於法律費用保險的損失填補功能與促進司法近用功能,台灣市場應考慮引進此類保險商品。並且,由於台灣對於法律費用保險的概念仍相當陌生,本文對於外國法律費用保險的相關議題進行理論性的研究以建立基礎,並分析國際上目前的法律費用保險概況。其中,日本法律費用保險的發展情形是本比較研究的核心對象。日本為發展成熟的法律費用保險市場,在發展脈絡中,日本辯護士聯合會與日本產險公司的合作開發模式,對於該國的法律費用保險制度具有重要影響,並且已建立了周邊制度如辯護士介紹機制及訴訟外紛爭解決機制,日本的發展脈絡與制度創設的經驗值得台灣參考。日本的法律費用保險商品亦具有多元性,除了汽車保險的法律費用特約條款,還有關於應對個人法律紛爭的法律費用保險商品,承保形式兼及附加險及獨立險,甚至還有類似於事後法律費用保險的商品。本文並對於日本法律費用保險商品的內容及重要條款進行探討,以提供台灣未來商品開發建議。
By transferring the risk of legal costs to the insurer and covering the insured`s loss of legal costs in the event of a legal dispute, legal expenses insurance can facilitate the insured`s access to justice, and is one of the ways of litigation funding, which has already attracted attention in foreign literature. It has also been marketed in foreign insurance markets. However, there is a lack of such legal expenses insurance products in the Taiwan insurance market, especially those that cover the legal expenses of the insured as a plaintiff, and therefore the coverage is inadequate. In view of the loss recovery function of legal expenses insurance and its function of improving the access to justice, the insurance market in Taiwan should consider introducing such insurance products. Moreover, since the concept of legal expenses insurance is still quite unfamiliar in Taiwan, this paper conducts a theoretical study on issues related to legal expenses insurance in foreign countries in order to establish a foundation and analyze the current overview of legal expenses insurance in the world.In particular, the development of legal expenses insurance in Japan is the central objective of this comparative study. Japan is a well-developed legal expenses insurance market. In the development process, the collaborative development model between the Japan Federation of Bar Associations and the Japan`s property and casualty insurance companies has had an important impact on the legal expenses insurance system in that country, and has established the related system such as a referral mechanism for lawyers and a alternative dispute resolution mechanism. Japan`s developmental context and its experience in establishing systems are valuable references for Taiwan. The legal expenses insurance products in Japan are also diversified. In addition to the legal expenses special clauses of automobile insurance, there are also legal expenses insurance products related to personal legal disputes, and the forms of coverage are both add-alone and stand-alone insurance, and there are even products similar to after-the-event legal expenses insurance. 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Empirical Legal Stud. 587 (2011).(四)網路資料1.Anna McNee (August 2019), Legal Expenses Insurance and Access to Justice, International Bar Association, https://www.ibanet.org/MediaHandler?id=98236046-737B-4F05-A964-B7F438F04CD8 (last visited: August 14, 2023).2.Chiu, Tai-san and Sung, Fu-mei, COST AND FEE ALLOCATION IN TAIWAN CIVIL PROCEDURE, http://www-personal.umich.edu/~purzel/national_reports/Taiwan%20(ROC).pdf (last visited: August 14, 2023).3.Christopher Hodges, John Peysner and Angus Nurse (January 2012), Litigation Funding: Status and Issues, University of Oxford Legal Research Paper Series, https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/migrated/litigation_funding_here_1_0.pdf (last visited: August 14, 2023).4.Council Directive 87/344/EEC of 22 June 1987 on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to legal expenses insurance, http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/1987/344/oj (last visited: August 14, 2023).5.Directive 2009/138/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2009 on the taking-up and pursuit of the business of Insurance and Reinsurance (Solvency II) (recast) (Text with EEA relevance), http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2009/138/oj (last visited: August 14, 2023).6.First Council Directive 73/239/EEC of 24 July 1973 on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the taking-up and pursuit of the business of direct insurance other than life assurance, http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/1973/239/oj (last visited: August 14, 2023).7.Jonathan Goldsmith (June 21, 2016), Legal expenses insurers try it on again, The Law Society Gazette, https://www.lawgazette.co.uk/commentary-and-opinion/legal-expenses-insurers-try-it-on-again/5055990.article (last visited: August 14, 2023).8.Legal Services Board (May 2021), Legal expenses insurance: A research report for the Legal Services Board, https://legalservicesboard.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/LSB-LEI-research-report.pdf (last visited: August 14, 2023).9.Legal Services Board, Who we are, https://legalservicesboard.org.uk/about-us/who-we-are (last visited: August 14, 2023).10.Yoshie Midorikawa (2022), Japan, Litigation Funding 2023, https://woodsford.com/us/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2023/02/LexGTDT-Litigation-Funding-2023-Full-book.pdf (last visited: August 14, 2023).三、日文文獻(一)專書1.山下友信『保険法(上)』有斐閣(2018年6月)。2.山本和彦『民事訴訟法の現代的課題』有斐閣(2016年4月)。3.半田吉信『弁護士報酬敗訴者負担制度の比較研究―ドイツの敗訴者負担原則と日本の裁判実務』法律文化社(2006年10月)。4.應本昌樹『権利保護保険―法的ファイナンスの規範論序説』成文堂(2016年10月)。5.藤嶋昌人・山本啓太『少額短期保険の実務―保険業界の新たなイノベーション』一般社団法人金融財政事情研究会(2022年7月)。(二)專書論文1.山下典孝「わが国の「権利保護保険」の理論的検討と克服すべき課題」LAC研究会編『権利保護保険のすべて(第2章)』商事法務(2017年12月)。2.木村彰宏・井上慶吾・藤本和眞・松倉孝文・北村啓介「事例研究」LAC研究会編『権利保護保険のすべて(第5章)』商事法務(2017年12月)。3.佐瀬正俊・伊藤明彦「わが国における「権利保護保険」研究の歩み」LAC研究会編『権利保護保険のすべて(第1章)』商事法務(2017年12月)。4.秋山清人「弁護士保険(権利保護保険)揺籃期」棚瀬孝雄・豊田博昭・山城崇夫・大澤恒夫編『権利実効化のための法政策と司法改革 : 小島武司先生古稀祝賀 続』商事法務20-21頁(2009年9月)。5.福山達夫「西ドイツに於ける訴訟救助と権利保護保険の問題状況」霜島甲一・西嶋梅治・福山達夫編『法律扶助・訴訟費用保険』法政大学出版局(1979年3月)。(三)期刊論文1.山下典孝「ベルギーにおける権利保護保険について」損害保険研究75巻4号(2014年2月)。2.大井暁「弁護士費用保険を巡る諸問題-弁護士費用特約を中心に-」保険学雑誌636号(2017年3月)。3.中村良隆「イギリスにおける成功報酬制と弁護士保険」自由と正義60巻6月号(2009年6月)。4.木村彰宏「民事紛争支援と損害保険「権利保護保険」」保険学雑誌636号(2017年3月)。5.内藤和美「わが国における権利保護保険の機能と課題」保険学雑誌634号(2016年9月)。6.竹下守夫「司法制度改革と民事司法」日本學士院紀要65巻1号(2011年)。7.池田康弘「経済分析に基づく民事紛争への保険利用の問題と課題」保険学雑誌636号(2017年3月)。8.伊藤明彦「活用してみませんか?権利保護保険」LIBRA14巻6号(2014年6月)。9.佐瀬正俊・武田涼子・應本昌樹・和田光弘「カナダにおける権利保護保険(弁護士保険)についての調査報告」自由と正義66巻8月号(2015年8月)。10.萩原金美「法曹養成と法の解釈」法社会学1993巻45号(1993年4月)。(四)網路資料1.日本弁護士連合会(2019年4月1日)「弁護士費用保険ADR利用マニュアル Ver.4」1頁、https://www.nichibenren.or.jp/library/ja/legal_aid/data/ADRmanual.pdf(最終閲覧日 2023年8月14日)。 2.日本弁護士連合会「弁護士白書2019年版」、https://www.nichibenren.or.jp/library/pdf/document/statistics/2019/tokusyu-2_2019.pdf(最終閲覧日 2023年8月14日)。3.日本弁護士連合会「弁護士白書2022年版」、https://www.nichibenren.or.jp/library/pdf/document/statistics/2022/5-12-4.pdf(最終閲覧日 2023年8月14日)。4.日本弁護士連合会「弁護士業務改革シンポジウム」、https://www.nichibenren.or.jp/document/symposium/gyoukaku_sympo.html(最終閲覧日 2023年8月14日)。5.加納小百合・武田涼子「スウェーデンにおける訴訟費用保険と自動走行技術の進展の影響による日本の権利保護保険制度への示唆」第21回弁護士業務改革シンポジウム基調報告書、https://www.nichibenren.or.jp/library/pdf/document/symposium/gyoukaku_sympo/21th_keynote_report_3_tr.pdf(最終閲覧日 2023年8月14日)。6.東京海上日動火災保険株式会社「Total Assist自動車保険 ご契約のしおり」、https://www.tokiomarine-nichido.co.jp/service/pdf/total_assist_yakkan_230101.pdf(最終閲覧日 2023年8月14日)。7.東京都弁護士協同組合「権利保護保険新商品弁護のちから 弁護士向け解説書~弁護士業務に活用するための保険概要~」、https://www.tokyo-law.com/service/insurance/bengonochikara/index.html(最終閲覧日 2023年8月14日)。8.黒川裕希・中松洋樹・佐藤眞紀世・石田智也「市民・中小企業が求める弁護士保険の確立に向けて」第20回弁護士業務改革シンポジウム基調報告書180頁、https://www.nichibenren.or.jp/library/ja/jfba_info/organization/data/20th_keynote_report_contens.pdf(最終閲覧日 2023年8月14日)。9.遠藤隆史(2019年12月20日)「「敗訴時の弁護士費用、カバーします」 新サービス開始」朝日新聞デジタル記事、https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASMDM664BMDMPTIL01T.html(最終閲覧日 2023年8月14日)。四、德文文獻(一)專書1.Hans Buschbell/Manfred Hering, Handbuch Rechtsschutzversicherung, 5. Aufl., 2011. (DeutscherAnwaltVerlag).2.Hubert W. van Bühren/Helmut Plote/Gabriele Hillmer-Möbius/Domenik Henning Wendt, Allgemeine Bedingungen für die Rechtsschutzversicherung : Kommentar, 3.Aufl., 2013. (C.H.Beck).(二)網路資料1.Bundesministerium der Justiz, Gesetz über den Versicherungsvertrag, https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/vvg_2008/index.html (Letzter Zugriff: August 14, 2023).2.Gesamtverband der Versicherer (August 2022), Allgemeine Bedingungen für die Rechtsschutzversicherung (ARB 2021), https://www.gdv.de/resource/blob/5904/7b7eeac939acc12e236aa56cf88179ce/01-allgemeine-bedingungen-fuer-die-rechtsschutzversicherung-arb-2021--data.pdf (Letzter Zugriff: August 14, 2023). 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
風險管理與保險學系
109358018資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109358018 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 葉啓洲 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Yeh, Chi-Chou en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 劉玹名 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Liu, Hsuan-Ming en_US dc.creator (作者) 劉玹名 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Liu, Hsuan-Ming en_US dc.date (日期) 2023 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Sep-2023 16:04:50 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Sep-2023 16:04:50 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Sep-2023 16:04:50 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0109358018 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/147203 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 風險管理與保險學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 109358018 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 法律費用保險藉由移轉法律費用風險給保險人,填補被保險人在法律紛爭時所產生的法律費用損失,可以促進被保險人近用司法,為訴訟資助的方式之一,已被外國文獻所關注。外國保險市場亦已針對此險種進行銷售。然而,台灣的保險市場缺乏此類法律費用保險商品,尤其是對於作為原告的被保險人的法律費用進行填補的商品,有保障不足之處。有鑒於法律費用保險的損失填補功能與促進司法近用功能,台灣市場應考慮引進此類保險商品。並且,由於台灣對於法律費用保險的概念仍相當陌生,本文對於外國法律費用保險的相關議題進行理論性的研究以建立基礎,並分析國際上目前的法律費用保險概況。其中,日本法律費用保險的發展情形是本比較研究的核心對象。日本為發展成熟的法律費用保險市場,在發展脈絡中,日本辯護士聯合會與日本產險公司的合作開發模式,對於該國的法律費用保險制度具有重要影響,並且已建立了周邊制度如辯護士介紹機制及訴訟外紛爭解決機制,日本的發展脈絡與制度創設的經驗值得台灣參考。日本的法律費用保險商品亦具有多元性,除了汽車保險的法律費用特約條款,還有關於應對個人法律紛爭的法律費用保險商品,承保形式兼及附加險及獨立險,甚至還有類似於事後法律費用保險的商品。本文並對於日本法律費用保險商品的內容及重要條款進行探討,以提供台灣未來商品開發建議。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) By transferring the risk of legal costs to the insurer and covering the insured`s loss of legal costs in the event of a legal dispute, legal expenses insurance can facilitate the insured`s access to justice, and is one of the ways of litigation funding, which has already attracted attention in foreign literature. It has also been marketed in foreign insurance markets. However, there is a lack of such legal expenses insurance products in the Taiwan insurance market, especially those that cover the legal expenses of the insured as a plaintiff, and therefore the coverage is inadequate. In view of the loss recovery function of legal expenses insurance and its function of improving the access to justice, the insurance market in Taiwan should consider introducing such insurance products. Moreover, since the concept of legal expenses insurance is still quite unfamiliar in Taiwan, this paper conducts a theoretical study on issues related to legal expenses insurance in foreign countries in order to establish a foundation and analyze the current overview of legal expenses insurance in the world.In particular, the development of legal expenses insurance in Japan is the central objective of this comparative study. Japan is a well-developed legal expenses insurance market. In the development process, the collaborative development model between the Japan Federation of Bar Associations and the Japan`s property and casualty insurance companies has had an important impact on the legal expenses insurance system in that country, and has established the related system such as a referral mechanism for lawyers and a alternative dispute resolution mechanism. Japan`s developmental context and its experience in establishing systems are valuable references for Taiwan. The legal expenses insurance products in Japan are also diversified. In addition to the legal expenses special clauses of automobile insurance, there are also legal expenses insurance products related to personal legal disputes, and the forms of coverage are both add-alone and stand-alone insurance, and there are even products similar to after-the-event legal expenses insurance. This paper also discusses the contents and important terms of legal expenses insurance products in Japan to provide suggestions for future product development in Taiwan. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1第一節 研究動機與目的 1第二節 研究方法 2第三節 研究架構 3第二章 法律費用保險基礎理論 5第一節 何謂法律費用保險 5第一項 名稱 5第二項 法律費用保險的定義、性質與分類 6第三項 法律費用保險的三方關係與保險事故認定 9第四項 法律費用保險的道德風險與逆選擇 10第五項 法律費用保險的功能與期待 12第二節 保單條款、銷售與監理 14第一項 保單條款 14第二項 保單銷售 17第三項 保險監理 18第三節 與其他法律制度的相互關係 21第一項 法律扶助制度與法律費用保險 21第二項 訴訟費用分配、律師酬金、律師代理規定與法律費用保險 23第四節 與其他法律費用風險移轉工具的比較 26第一項 成功報酬 26第二項 第三方資助 27第三項 預付法律計畫 29第五節 法律費用保險的行為影響 30第一項 法律費用保險對於和解的影響 30第二項 法律費用保險對於訴訟數量及品質的影響 31第六節 各國法律費用保險發展概況 32第一項 德國 32第二項 英國 33第三項 瑞典 34第四項 芬蘭 35第五項 比利時 35第六項 荷蘭 36第七項 美國 37第八項 加拿大 37第九項 澳洲 38第十項 小結 39第三章 台灣法律費用保險發展概況 41第一節 台灣學術發展 41第一項 保險文獻 41第二項 法學文獻 43第三項 法律扶助文獻 46第二節 台灣法律費用保險相關聯法律制度 47第一項 訴訟費用分配規則 47第二項 律師酬金規定 48第三項 律師代理規定 48第四項 有無其他法律費用風險移轉工具 49第三節 台灣法律費用保險商品發展 51第一項 汽車責任險律師費用補償附加條款 52第二項 產品責任險刑事訴訟律師費用附加條款 53第三項 董監事責任險緊急抗辯費用或法律代理費用附加條款 53第四項 營業秘密保險 54第四節 小結 56第四章 日本法律費用保險發展概況 57第一節 歷史脈絡與市場發展情形 58第一項 學術研究發展脈絡 58第二項 保險商品發展脈絡 60第三項 相關市場數據統計 61第二節 日本辯護士聯合會與法律費用保險 64第一項 日辯聯推動歷程 64第二項 與產險公司的協定與辯護士介紹 66第三項 訴訟外紛爭解決制度 67第三節 法律費用保險與日本法制度的互動 68第一項 日本法律費用保險相關聯法律制度 68第二項 法律費用保險對訴訟的影響 69第四節 相關法律費用保險商品 73第一項 汽車保險法律費用特約條款 73第二項 辯護力量 75第三項 辯護士費用保險Mikata 77第四項 事後型商品 80第五節 小結 81第五章 台灣與日本之制度比較 83第一節 學術與商品發展情形 83第二節 跨業合作情形 85第三節 相關聯法律制度 86第六章 結論與建議 87參考文獻 89附錄一:歐盟2009/138/EC指令法律費用保險相關條文對照 101附錄二:德國保險契約法法律費用保險相關條文對照 107附錄三:德國法律費用保險一般示範條款(ARB2021)條款架構 111附錄四:東京海上日動火災保險公司Total Assist汽車保險法律費用特約條款(節錄)條文對照 117附錄五:損害保險日本公司「辯護力量」特約條款(節錄)條文對照 123附錄六:Mikata少額短期保險公司「辯護士費用保險Mikata」契約條款(節錄)條文對照 133 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2183333 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0109358018 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 法律費用保險 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 法律保護保險 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 訴訟費用保險 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 訴訟資助 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 司法近用 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 日本辯護士聯合會 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 日本保險業 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 日本財產保險 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 日本保險市場 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Legal Expenses Insurance en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Legal Protection Insurance en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Litigation Costs Insurance en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Litigation Funding en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Access to Justice en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Japan Federation of Bar Associations en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Japan`s Insurance Industry en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Japan`s Property Insurance en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Japan`s Insurance Market en_US dc.title (題名) 法律費用保險之比較研究—以日本為比較中心 zh_TW dc.title (題名) A Comparative Study on Legal Expenses Insurance: Focusing on Japan en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文文獻(一)專書1.江朝國,保險法基礎理論,5版,2009年4月。2.江朝國,保險法逐條釋義—第三卷財產保險,2015年9月。3.邱聯恭,司法之現代化與程序法,1992年4月。4.陳彩稚,保險學,3版,2012年9月。5.葉啓洲,保險法,7版,2021年3月。(二)期刊論文1.中華民國專利師公會,專利師公會2020智財白皮書,專利師,40期,頁3-15,2020年1月。2.王惠光,律師倫理規範的進程與約束,在野法潮,41期,頁8-11,2019年4月。3.李艾倫,2014荷蘭研習筆記—荷蘭法律費用保險,法扶,45期,頁27-29,2014年11月。4.沈冠伶,消費者團體訴訟之再建構:以擴散型損害及集團權利為中心,國立臺灣大學法學論叢,44卷特刊,頁1237-1326,2015年11月。5.沈冠伶,訴訟標的之闡明與紛爭一次解決(下)──從闡明制度論法院之協力及當事人之處分,月旦法學雜誌,262期,頁119-143,2017年3月。6.林佳和,勞工案件專家參審之問題試探,律師雜誌,253期,頁57-78,2000年10月。7.林明賢,專利保險制度之研究,智慧財產權月刊,238期,頁4-18,2018年10月。8.林騰鷂,新世紀日本司法制度大改革,東海大學法學研究,21期,頁1-42,2004年12月。9.邵慶平,接近正義或濫訴防止?──民事事件律師酬金負擔制度的發展與檢討,法律扶助與社會,第7期,頁79-112,2021年9月。10.姜世明,民事訴訟法學之制高點──進入一個博大精深的美麗殿堂,100期,頁111-128,2011年12月。11.姜世明,民事訴訟法總論:第一講—建構及解釋適用民事訴訟法之基本考量要素,月旦法學教室,19卷,頁74-83,2004年5月。12.姜世明,律師制度改革之展望──司改十年之簡要引言,月旦法學雜誌,132期,頁20-28,2006年5月。13.姜世明,訴訟救助制度之研究,月旦法學雜誌,76期,頁69-87,2001年9月。14.許士宦,反訴之擴張,國立臺灣大學法學論叢,31卷5期,頁121-162,2002年9月。15.許士宦,民事訴訟事實審引進律師強制代理制度之立法論,月旦法學雜誌,193期,頁99-121,2011年6月。16.陳俊元,由比較法觀點論我國專利保險之定位,財金法學研究,2卷2期,頁235-258,2019年5月。17.陳榮傳,非律師的法律服務與公序良俗──最高法院106年度台上字第25號民事判決,裁判時報,頁5-18,2019年2月。18.廖崇崴,第三方資助仲裁之基本問題—兼論於臺灣現行法下之合法性及其效力(下),仲裁專論,頁73-116,2019年7月。19.熊誦梅,因應二十一世紀的日本司法制度──日本司法制度改革會議之建議摘要,法官協會雜誌,4卷2期,頁359-371,2002年12月。20.謝福源,創新思維的營業秘密守護保險倡議,智慧財產權月刊,264期,頁37-57,2020年12月。(三)學位論文1.王正偉,中、美、日法律服務制度之比較研究,國立政治大學法律研究所碩士論文,1986年6月。2.張智惠,民事訴訟費用之研究,輔仁大學法律學研究所碩士論文,1994年1月。3.梁水源,保險行銷法律問題研究,國立政治大學風險管理與保險學系碩士論文,2004年1月。4.廖崇崴,第三方資助仲裁之研究,國立臺北大學法律學系碩士論文,2018年7月。5.臧韻雯,國際仲裁中第三方資助之揭露與仲裁人迴避,國立交通大學科技法律研究所碩士論文,2019年10月。(四)網路資料1.台北律師公會(2017年12月25日),法務部法檢字10604528660號函並非禁止律師與當事人約定收取後酬,Facebook(臉書),https://www.facebook.com/TaipeiBar/posts/pfbid033tMVCV8abxHFBHYrQXYGCvHQEV7vPFBDdhVcdeyQddUW6pUnMDUXZDrAoHcz9j5ol (最後瀏覽日:2023年8月14日)。2.台灣科學工業園區科學工業同業公會(2021年5月5日),110.04.27「創新思維的營業秘密管理與保險」進度說明會,http://www.asip.org.tw/committee.php?op=view&nCata=8&catid=7&id=3516 (最後瀏覽日:2023年8月14日)。3.兆豐產物保險股份有限公司(2018年7月17日),兆豐產物產品責任保險刑事訴訟律師費用附加條款,保險商品查詢資料庫,https://insprod.tii.org.tw/Open2.ashx?id=982d18c3-acb0-40d0-95f4-00c784043d1e (最後瀏覽日:2023年8月14日)。4.怡安,新竹科學園區營業秘密保險專案說明會簡報,http://www.asip.org.tw/userfiles/file/2021/Hsinchu/110.04.27%20HSP%20TS%20Insurance%20Presentation.pdf (最後瀏覽日:2023年8月14日)。5.新安東京海上產物保險股份有限公司(2014年12月1日),新安東京海上產物董監事及重要職員責任保險緊急抗辯費用或法律代理費用附加條款,保險商品查詢資料庫,https://insprod.tii.org.tw/Open2.ashx?id=96e708cf-fd66-4ce2-afbf-572d42887863 (最後瀏覽日:2023年8月14日)。6.新安東京海上產物保險股份有限公司(2020年12月1日),新安東京海上產物汽車保險律師費用補償附加條款,保險商品查詢資料庫,https://insprod.tii.org.tw/Open2.ashx?id=2cbbc25f-a1f1-4603-94f2-f56bb5698428 (最後瀏覽日:2023年8月14日)。7.謝福源(2021年4月12日),創新營業秘密保險與避險實務簡冊,http://www.asip.org.tw/userfiles/file/2021/Hsinchu/110.04.27.pdf (最後瀏覽日:2023年8月14日)。二、英文文獻(一)專書1.Jung, Constantin and Wendt, Domenik H. 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Empirical Legal Stud. 587 (2011).(四)網路資料1.Anna McNee (August 2019), Legal Expenses Insurance and Access to Justice, International Bar Association, https://www.ibanet.org/MediaHandler?id=98236046-737B-4F05-A964-B7F438F04CD8 (last visited: August 14, 2023).2.Chiu, Tai-san and Sung, Fu-mei, COST AND FEE ALLOCATION IN TAIWAN CIVIL PROCEDURE, http://www-personal.umich.edu/~purzel/national_reports/Taiwan%20(ROC).pdf (last visited: August 14, 2023).3.Christopher Hodges, John Peysner and Angus Nurse (January 2012), Litigation Funding: Status and Issues, University of Oxford Legal Research Paper Series, https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/migrated/litigation_funding_here_1_0.pdf (last visited: August 14, 2023).4.Council Directive 87/344/EEC of 22 June 1987 on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to legal expenses insurance, http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/1987/344/oj (last visited: August 14, 2023).5.Directive 2009/138/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2009 on the taking-up and pursuit of the business of Insurance and Reinsurance (Solvency II) (recast) (Text with EEA relevance), http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2009/138/oj (last visited: August 14, 2023).6.First Council Directive 73/239/EEC of 24 July 1973 on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the taking-up and pursuit of the business of direct insurance other than life assurance, http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/1973/239/oj (last visited: August 14, 2023).7.Jonathan Goldsmith (June 21, 2016), Legal expenses insurers try it on again, The Law Society Gazette, https://www.lawgazette.co.uk/commentary-and-opinion/legal-expenses-insurers-try-it-on-again/5055990.article (last visited: August 14, 2023).8.Legal Services Board (May 2021), Legal expenses insurance: A research report for the Legal Services Board, https://legalservicesboard.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/LSB-LEI-research-report.pdf (last visited: August 14, 2023).9.Legal Services Board, Who we are, https://legalservicesboard.org.uk/about-us/who-we-are (last visited: August 14, 2023).10.Yoshie Midorikawa (2022), Japan, Litigation Funding 2023, https://woodsford.com/us/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2023/02/LexGTDT-Litigation-Funding-2023-Full-book.pdf (last visited: August 14, 2023).三、日文文獻(一)專書1.山下友信『保険法(上)』有斐閣(2018年6月)。2.山本和彦『民事訴訟法の現代的課題』有斐閣(2016年4月)。3.半田吉信『弁護士報酬敗訴者負担制度の比較研究―ドイツの敗訴者負担原則と日本の裁判実務』法律文化社(2006年10月)。4.應本昌樹『権利保護保険―法的ファイナンスの規範論序説』成文堂(2016年10月)。5.藤嶋昌人・山本啓太『少額短期保険の実務―保険業界の新たなイノベーション』一般社団法人金融財政事情研究会(2022年7月)。(二)專書論文1.山下典孝「わが国の「権利保護保険」の理論的検討と克服すべき課題」LAC研究会編『権利保護保険のすべて(第2章)』商事法務(2017年12月)。2.木村彰宏・井上慶吾・藤本和眞・松倉孝文・北村啓介「事例研究」LAC研究会編『権利保護保険のすべて(第5章)』商事法務(2017年12月)。3.佐瀬正俊・伊藤明彦「わが国における「権利保護保険」研究の歩み」LAC研究会編『権利保護保険のすべて(第1章)』商事法務(2017年12月)。4.秋山清人「弁護士保険(権利保護保険)揺籃期」棚瀬孝雄・豊田博昭・山城崇夫・大澤恒夫編『権利実効化のための法政策と司法改革 : 小島武司先生古稀祝賀 続』商事法務20-21頁(2009年9月)。5.福山達夫「西ドイツに於ける訴訟救助と権利保護保険の問題状況」霜島甲一・西嶋梅治・福山達夫編『法律扶助・訴訟費用保険』法政大学出版局(1979年3月)。(三)期刊論文1.山下典孝「ベルギーにおける権利保護保険について」損害保険研究75巻4号(2014年2月)。2.大井暁「弁護士費用保険を巡る諸問題-弁護士費用特約を中心に-」保険学雑誌636号(2017年3月)。3.中村良隆「イギリスにおける成功報酬制と弁護士保険」自由と正義60巻6月号(2009年6月)。4.木村彰宏「民事紛争支援と損害保険「権利保護保険」」保険学雑誌636号(2017年3月)。5.内藤和美「わが国における権利保護保険の機能と課題」保険学雑誌634号(2016年9月)。6.竹下守夫「司法制度改革と民事司法」日本學士院紀要65巻1号(2011年)。7.池田康弘「経済分析に基づく民事紛争への保険利用の問題と課題」保険学雑誌636号(2017年3月)。8.伊藤明彦「活用してみませんか?権利保護保険」LIBRA14巻6号(2014年6月)。9.佐瀬正俊・武田涼子・應本昌樹・和田光弘「カナダにおける権利保護保険(弁護士保険)についての調査報告」自由と正義66巻8月号(2015年8月)。10.萩原金美「法曹養成と法の解釈」法社会学1993巻45号(1993年4月)。(四)網路資料1.日本弁護士連合会(2019年4月1日)「弁護士費用保険ADR利用マニュアル Ver.4」1頁、https://www.nichibenren.or.jp/library/ja/legal_aid/data/ADRmanual.pdf(最終閲覧日 2023年8月14日)。 2.日本弁護士連合会「弁護士白書2019年版」、https://www.nichibenren.or.jp/library/pdf/document/statistics/2019/tokusyu-2_2019.pdf(最終閲覧日 2023年8月14日)。3.日本弁護士連合会「弁護士白書2022年版」、https://www.nichibenren.or.jp/library/pdf/document/statistics/2022/5-12-4.pdf(最終閲覧日 2023年8月14日)。4.日本弁護士連合会「弁護士業務改革シンポジウム」、https://www.nichibenren.or.jp/document/symposium/gyoukaku_sympo.html(最終閲覧日 2023年8月14日)。5.加納小百合・武田涼子「スウェーデンにおける訴訟費用保険と自動走行技術の進展の影響による日本の権利保護保険制度への示唆」第21回弁護士業務改革シンポジウム基調報告書、https://www.nichibenren.or.jp/library/pdf/document/symposium/gyoukaku_sympo/21th_keynote_report_3_tr.pdf(最終閲覧日 2023年8月14日)。6.東京海上日動火災保険株式会社「Total Assist自動車保険 ご契約のしおり」、https://www.tokiomarine-nichido.co.jp/service/pdf/total_assist_yakkan_230101.pdf(最終閲覧日 2023年8月14日)。7.東京都弁護士協同組合「権利保護保険新商品弁護のちから 弁護士向け解説書~弁護士業務に活用するための保険概要~」、https://www.tokyo-law.com/service/insurance/bengonochikara/index.html(最終閲覧日 2023年8月14日)。8.黒川裕希・中松洋樹・佐藤眞紀世・石田智也「市民・中小企業が求める弁護士保険の確立に向けて」第20回弁護士業務改革シンポジウム基調報告書180頁、https://www.nichibenren.or.jp/library/ja/jfba_info/organization/data/20th_keynote_report_contens.pdf(最終閲覧日 2023年8月14日)。9.遠藤隆史(2019年12月20日)「「敗訴時の弁護士費用、カバーします」 新サービス開始」朝日新聞デジタル記事、https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASMDM664BMDMPTIL01T.html(最終閲覧日 2023年8月14日)。四、德文文獻(一)專書1.Hans Buschbell/Manfred Hering, Handbuch Rechtsschutzversicherung, 5. Aufl., 2011. (DeutscherAnwaltVerlag).2.Hubert W. van Bühren/Helmut Plote/Gabriele Hillmer-Möbius/Domenik Henning Wendt, Allgemeine Bedingungen für die Rechtsschutzversicherung : Kommentar, 3.Aufl., 2013. (C.H.Beck).(二)網路資料1.Bundesministerium der Justiz, Gesetz über den Versicherungsvertrag, https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/vvg_2008/index.html (Letzter Zugriff: August 14, 2023).2.Gesamtverband der Versicherer (August 2022), Allgemeine Bedingungen für die Rechtsschutzversicherung (ARB 2021), https://www.gdv.de/resource/blob/5904/7b7eeac939acc12e236aa56cf88179ce/01-allgemeine-bedingungen-fuer-die-rechtsschutzversicherung-arb-2021--data.pdf (Letzter Zugriff: August 14, 2023). zh_TW