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題名 教育不平等對創新的影響
The Impact of Inequality in Education on Innovation
作者 李楷凡
Cruz, Kevin Gamaliel Higueros
貢獻者 Wen-Chieh Wu
Jack Wu
李楷凡
Kevin Gamaliel Higueros Cruz
關鍵詞 教育機會
教育不平等
創新
包容性政策
優質教育
社會經濟發展
access to education
education inequality
innovation
inclusive policies
quality education
socio-economic development
日期 2023
上傳時間 1-Sep-2023 16:13:39 (UTC+8)
摘要 摘要
本研究探討了不平等對教育和創新的影響，重點關注其對創新發展的影響。 該研究的目的是調查教育機會和質量的差異如何影響創新成果和技術進步。 通過對相關文獻和實證數據的綜合分析，本研究探討了不同背景下教育不平等阻礙或促進創新的機制。
該研究採用混合方法，將教育指標和創新指標的定量評估與創新和教育生態系統中關鍵利益相關者的文獻綜述的定性方法相結合。 研究結果表明，教育差距與創新績效之間存在密切聯繫，這意味著獲得高質量教育的不平等限制了人們學習創新所需信息和技能的能力。
我們這項研究的目的是強調包容性教育和立法的重要性，為所有人提供平等的機會，無論社會經濟狀況如何。 此外，它還強調了完美舉措的重要性，這些舉措真正有助於解決弱勢群體（如低調的少數族裔和貧困社區）所遇到的具體挑戰。
這些發現可以為政策制定者、教育工作者和想要促進長期創新和經濟增長的教育工作者等利益相關者提供幫助。 社會可以通過解決教育不平等和保證公平獲得高質量教育來增強創新潛力、刺激技術進步並實現包容性社會經濟增長。
This study examines the impact of inequality in education and innovation, focusing on its implications for innovation development. The objective of the research is to demonstrate how disparities in educational access and quality affect innovation outcomes and technological advancement. Our objective with this research it’s to emphasizes the urgency of inclusive education policies and legislation that provide equal opportunities for all, regardless of socioeconomic situation. Furthermore, it underscores the significance of perfect initiatives that really help to solve specific challenges encountered by relegated groups such as understated minorities and underprivileged communities

The research adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining a quantitative evaluation of educational metrics and innovation indicators with a qualitative approach in the literature review of key stakeholders in the innovation and education ecosystem. The findings demonstrate a strong link between education disparity and innovation performance, implying that unequal access to high-quality education limits people`s capacity to learn the information and skills needed to enable innovation.

The findings repeatedly show that high levels of educational inequality have a powerful and negative impact on innovation. This negative relationship remains stable in both the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Random Effects models, indicating its long-term influence. Intriguingly, the Fixed Effects model deviated from this trend, indicating a non-significant correlation, implying a more nuanced understanding, maybe influenced by contextual variables worth further investigation.

These findings could be used by stakeholders like policymakers, and educators, who want to foster long-term innovation and economic growth. Therefore, societies can increase their potential for innovation, stimulate technological advances, and achieve inclusive socioeconomic growth by tackling educational inequality and guaranteeing fair access to high-quality education.
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2. Bils, M. a. (2000). Does Schooling Cause Growth? American Economic Review, 24.
3. Aljunied, D. H. (2004). Reframing Singapore. Amsterdan: Amsterdan University Press.
4. Economy, N. C. (s.f.). TOP-PERFORMING COUNTRIES . Obtenido de NCCE: https://ncee.org/country/singapore/
5. Clark, C. E. (1995). Literacy and Labour: The Russian Literacy Campaign within the Trade Unions, 1923-27. En Europe-Asia Studies, 47(8 (págs. 1327–1341). http://www.jstor.org/stable/153300.
6. U.S.S.R., T. E. (1962). Economics of Education. En UNESCO, Economicsof Education (pág. 15). Paris : INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL .
7. Bank, W. (16 de December de 2019). READ – Russia’s Initiative to Improve Learning Outcomes is More Relevant than Ever. Obtenido de https://www.worldbank.org: https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2019/12/16/read-russias-initiative-to-improve-learning-outcomes
8. Thomas Bearman. (18 de 06 de 2019). Education and Institutional Inequality in Brazil. Obtenido de socialprotection.org: https://socialprotection.org/discover/blog/education-and-institutional-inequality-brazil
9. Bank, E. C. (27 de June de 2017). How does innovation lead to growth? Obtenido de European Central Banck : https://www.ecb.europa.eu/ecb/educational/explainers/tell-me-more/html/growth.en.html#:~:text=One%20of%20the%20major%20benefits,other%20words%2C%20the%20economy%20grows.
10. Grossman, G. M. (1991). Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy. . Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
11. Kirsty Newman, E. G. (2020). Education for Innovation:. Asian Development bank.
12. Global Innovation Index 2021, T. i.-1. (2021). GII 2021 Reults . Geneva: WIPO.
13. OECD. (2016). Innovating Education and Educating for Innovation: The Power of Digital Technologies and Skills. Paris: OECD.
14. OECD. (2012). Equity and Quality in Education: Supporting Disadvantaged Students and Schools. OECD.
15. OECD. (2012). , Equity and Quality in Education: Supporting Disadvantaged Students and Schools. OECD.
16. Group, W. B. (2018). An Incomplete Transition Overcoming the Legacy of Exclusion in South Africa. World Bank Group .
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18. Grant, C. (2017). The contribution of education to economic growth. Institute of Development Studies K4D.
19. Woessmann, E. A. (2021). Education and Economic Growth. Education and Economic Growth, 23.
20. OECD. (2010). Fostering Innovation: The Policy Challenge. OECD.
21. Nations, U. (2020). INEQUALITY IN A RAPIDLY CHANGING WORLD. United Nations Publications.
22. Grant, S. (14 de March de 2023). The Impact Of Inequality On Education Access And Quality. Obtenido de Gray Group International: https://www.graygroupintl.com/blog/impact-of-inequality-on-education-access-and-quality
23. Index, G. I. (2022). EXPLORE THE INTERACTIVE DATABASE OF THE GII 2022 INDICATORS. Obtenido de Global Innovation Index Analysis : https://www.globalinnovationindex.org/analysis-indicator
24. WIPO. (2022). WIPO Understand and learn. Obtenido de WIPO: https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/2022/
25. UNDP. (2022). HUMA DEVELOPMENT INDEX. Obtenido de HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORTS : https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/human-development-index#/indicies/HDI
26. WIPO. (2019). GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK. WIPO.
27. Bank, T. W. (2023). Metadata Glossary.
28. Mausam Kumar Garg, P. C. (18 de November de 2022). An overview of educational inequality in India: The role of social and demographic factors. Frontiers in Education, pág. 15.
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30. Fagerber, J. (2009). Innovation: A Guide to the Literature. Oxford Academic .
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35. Affairs, D. o. (s.f.). Obtenido de https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/mandated-areas1/education.html
36. OECD. (2021). OECD. Obtenido de OECD LIBRARY: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/cde73ce1-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/cde73ce1-en#:~:text=linklink%20copied!-,Gender%20inequalities%20in%20education%20and%20outcomes,on%20average%20across%20OECD%20countries.
37. HOYT, B. (22 de 1 de 2010). Haiti`s Private Schools. Obtenido de World Bank Blogs: https://blogs.worldbank.org/psd/haitis-private-schools
38. Samuel Ankrah, O. A.-T. (2015). Universities-industry collaboration: A systematic review. Scandinavian Journal of Management.
39. UNTACD. (2014). TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY AND KNOWLEDGE SHARING FOR DEVELOPMENT. United Nations Publication.
40. Weiss, E. G. (27 de September de 2017). Education inequalities at the school starting gate. Obtenido de Economic Policy Institute: https://www.epi.org/publication/education-inequalities-at-the-school-starting-gate/
41. Joanna Yingxin Tan, X. Y. (2022). Education Inequality in the United States. Proceedings of the 2022 International Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities and Arts (SSHA 2022) (pág. 8). Atlantis Press.
42. SHAH, M. I. (2018). AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF EDUCATIONAL INEQUALITIES IN PAKISTAN. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 12.
43. Al-Samarrai, S. (2008). Governance and education inequality in Bangladesh. UNESCO.
44. P. N. Abinales, D. J. (2017). State and Society in the Philippines. Phillipines: Rowman & Littlefield Publisher, INC.
45. Association, A. P. (2017). Education and Socioeconomic Status. Obtenido de American Psychological Assocation : https://www.apa.org/pi/ses/resources/publications/education
46. Richard R Nelson, E. S. (1966). Investment in Humans, Technological Difussion, and Economic Growth. The American Economic Review, 69-75.
47. PATRINOS, E. V. (14 de 2 de 2023). Why is education more important today than ever? Innovation. Obtenido de World Bank Blogs : https://blogs.worldbank.org/education/why-education-more-important-today-ever-innovation
48. Barbara Bruns, M. A. (2019). The Political Economy of Testing in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa. Center for Global Development.
49. Weis, E. G. (27 de September de 2017). Education inequalities at the school starting gate. Obtenido de Economic Policy Institute: https://www.epi.org/publication/education-inequalities-at-the-school-starting-gate/
50. Bank, T. W. (10 de Feb de 2022). Girls` Education. Obtenido de The world Bank: https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/girlseducation
51. UNESCO. (11 de May de 2023). What you need to know about inclusion in education. Obtenido de UNESCO: https://www.unesco.org/en/inclusion-education/need-know
52. Laura LaBerge, C. O. (2022). How COVID-19 has pushed companies over the technology tipping point—and transformed business forever. Obtenido de Mckinsey and Company: https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/strategy-and-corporate-finance/our-insights/how-covid-19-has-pushed-companies-over-the-technology-tipping-point-and-transformed-business-forever#/
53. Seble Tadesse1, W. M. (2020). The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Education System in Developing Countries: A Review. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 159-170.
54. Adetunji, J. (18 de May de 2020). Coronavirus school closures impact 1.3 billion children – and remote learning is increasing inequality. Obtenido de The Conversation: https://theconversation.com/coronavirus-school-closures-impact-1-3-billion-children-and-remote-learning-is-increasing-inequality-138656
55. Di Pietro, G. B. (2020). The likely impact of COVID-19 on education: Reflections based on the existing literature and recent international datasets. Luxemburgo: Luxemburgo Publications Office of the European Union .
56. Zhang, X. (2022). Thoughts on Large-Scale Long-Distance Web-Based Teaching in Colleges and Universities Under Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Epidemic: A Case of Chengdu University. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Culture, Education and Economic Development of Modern Society (págs. 1222-1225). Amsterdam: Atlantis Press.
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59. Ekekwe, N. (18 de February de 2015). Improving Innovation in Africa. Obtenido de Harvard Business Review: https://hbr.org/2015/02/improving-innovation-in-africa#:~:text=Innovation%20in%20Africa%20remains%20challenged,technical%20manpower%2C%20and%20inadequate%20infrastructure.
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61. Edwards, J. (2002). Education and Poverty in Guatemala. GUAPA, 1-71.
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63. Rodríguez-Pose, N. L. (2012). Innovation and Spatial Inequality in Europe and USA. Journal of Economic Geography, 1-22.
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65. Stadelmann-Steffen, I. (2012). Education Policy and Educational Inequality Evidence from the Swiss Laboratory. European Sociological Review.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
應用經濟與社會發展英語碩士學位學程(IMES)
110266013
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110266013
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor Wen-Chieh Wuzh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Jack Wuen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 李楷凡zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Kevin Gamaliel Higueros Cruzen_US
dc.creator (作者) 李楷凡zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Cruz, Kevin Gamaliel Higuerosen_US
dc.date (日期) 2023en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Sep-2023 16:13:39 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Sep-2023 16:13:39 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Sep-2023 16:13:39 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0110266013en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/147238-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 應用經濟與社會發展英語碩士學位學程(IMES)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 110266013zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 摘要
本研究探討了不平等對教育和創新的影響，重點關注其對創新發展的影響。 該研究的目的是調查教育機會和質量的差異如何影響創新成果和技術進步。 通過對相關文獻和實證數據的綜合分析，本研究探討了不同背景下教育不平等阻礙或促進創新的機制。
該研究採用混合方法，將教育指標和創新指標的定量評估與創新和教育生態系統中關鍵利益相關者的文獻綜述的定性方法相結合。 研究結果表明，教育差距與創新績效之間存在密切聯繫，這意味著獲得高質量教育的不平等限制了人們學習創新所需信息和技能的能力。
我們這項研究的目的是強調包容性教育和立法的重要性，為所有人提供平等的機會，無論社會經濟狀況如何。 此外，它還強調了完美舉措的重要性，這些舉措真正有助於解決弱勢群體（如低調的少數族裔和貧困社區）所遇到的具體挑戰。
這些發現可以為政策制定者、教育工作者和想要促進長期創新和經濟增長的教育工作者等利益相關者提供幫助。 社會可以通過解決教育不平等和保證公平獲得高質量教育來增強創新潛力、刺激技術進步並實現包容性社會經濟增長。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This study examines the impact of inequality in education and innovation, focusing on its implications for innovation development. The objective of the research is to demonstrate how disparities in educational access and quality affect innovation outcomes and technological advancement. Our objective with this research it’s to emphasizes the urgency of inclusive education policies and legislation that provide equal opportunities for all, regardless of socioeconomic situation. Furthermore, it underscores the significance of perfect initiatives that really help to solve specific challenges encountered by relegated groups such as understated minorities and underprivileged communities

The research adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining a quantitative evaluation of educational metrics and innovation indicators with a qualitative approach in the literature review of key stakeholders in the innovation and education ecosystem. The findings demonstrate a strong link between education disparity and innovation performance, implying that unequal access to high-quality education limits people`s capacity to learn the information and skills needed to enable innovation.

The findings repeatedly show that high levels of educational inequality have a powerful and negative impact on innovation. This negative relationship remains stable in both the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Random Effects models, indicating its long-term influence. Intriguingly, the Fixed Effects model deviated from this trend, indicating a non-significant correlation, implying a more nuanced understanding, maybe influenced by contextual variables worth further investigation.

These findings could be used by stakeholders like policymakers, and educators, who want to foster long-term innovation and economic growth. Therefore, societies can increase their potential for innovation, stimulate technological advances, and achieve inclusive socioeconomic growth by tackling educational inequality and guaranteeing fair access to high-quality education.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1: Introduction 1
1.1 Motivation 1
1.2 Purpose 3
1.3. Framework 4
2.1 Innovation 5
2.1.1 National Level 7
2.1.2 The Regional Level 8
2.1.3 Global Level 8
2.2. Knowledge Transfer 9
2.3 Education 11
2.4 Education is a Crucial Factor in Innovation 11
2.5 Successful Cases of Using Education to Enhance Innovation 13
2.6 The Impact of Education on Economic Growth 17
2.7 Inequality in Education 18
Chapter 3: Inequality in Education and Innovation in the World 23
3.1 Inequality in Education in the World 23
3.2 North America & Latin America 23
3.2.1 The United States 24
3.2.2 Brazil 24
3.2.3 Guatemala 25
3.3. Europe 27
3.3.1. Switzerland: 27
3.3.2. Romania 29
3.4. Africa 29
3.5. Asia 30
3.6.1. Innovation Index 34
3.6.2 The Global Innovation Index 34
3.6.3. Innovation Performance in the World 38
3.7 Innovation Inequalities 41
3.7.1 Africa 42
3.7.2 Asia 42
3.7.3 Europe 43
3.7.4 America 44
3.7.5 Oceania 44
3.7.6 Examples of Innovation Inequality 45
3.8 Education Inequality and Innovation during COVID-19 46
3.8.1 Education Inequalities During Covid-19 46
3.7.2 Innovation during COVID-19 49
Chapter 4: Methodology 53
4.1 Data Source and Sample 53
4.2 Variables 55
4.2.1. Dependent Variables 55
4.2.2. Independent Variables 56
4.3. Model specification 58
Chapter 5: Estimation Results 63
5.1. Descriptive Statistics and Correlation 63
Chapter 6: Conclusion 71
References 74
List of Figures and Tables
Figure 1: Pisa Mean Scores 2018 14
Figure 2: PISA assessment results in 2018 17
Figure 3: Female Labor force participation over three decades 22
Table 1: List of countries in North America & Latin America 23
Table 2: List of countries in Europe 27
Table 3: List of countries in Africa 29
Table 4: List of countries in Asia 30
Figure 4: Global innovation index 2021 39
Figure 5: Movement in the Global Innovation Index 40
Figures 6: Map of Global Innovation Index 2018 50
Figures 7: Map of Global Innovation Index 2021 51
Figures 8: Inequality in Education 2018 51
Figures 9: Inequality in Education 2021 52
Figure 10: Map including all the countries 53
Table 6: Descriptive Statistics: 63
Table 7: Correlation Matrix for Listed Variables 65
Table 8: Regression Results 67		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 2881661 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110266013en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 教育機會zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 教育不平等zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 創新zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 包容性政策zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 優質教育zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 社會經濟發展zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) access to educationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) education inequalityen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) innovationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) inclusive policiesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) quality educationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) socio-economic developmenten_US
dc.title (題名) 教育不平等對創新的影響zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Impact of Inequality in Education on Innovationen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1. OECD. (29 de November de 2022). Education GPS. Obtenido de OECD: https://gpseducation.oecd.org/revieweducationpolicies/#!node=41761&filter=all
2. Bils, M. a. (2000). Does Schooling Cause Growth? American Economic Review, 24.
3. Aljunied, D. H. (2004). Reframing Singapore. Amsterdan: Amsterdan University Press.
4. Economy, N. C. (s.f.). TOP-PERFORMING COUNTRIES . Obtenido de NCCE: https://ncee.org/country/singapore/
5. Clark, C. E. (1995). Literacy and Labour: The Russian Literacy Campaign within the Trade Unions, 1923-27. En Europe-Asia Studies, 47(8 (págs. 1327–1341). http://www.jstor.org/stable/153300.
6. U.S.S.R., T. E. (1962). Economics of Education. En UNESCO, Economicsof Education (pág. 15). Paris : INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL .
7. Bank, W. (16 de December de 2019). READ – Russia’s Initiative to Improve Learning Outcomes is More Relevant than Ever. Obtenido de https://www.worldbank.org: https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2019/12/16/read-russias-initiative-to-improve-learning-outcomes
8. Thomas Bearman. (18 de 06 de 2019). Education and Institutional Inequality in Brazil. Obtenido de socialprotection.org: https://socialprotection.org/discover/blog/education-and-institutional-inequality-brazil
9. Bank, E. C. (27 de June de 2017). How does innovation lead to growth? Obtenido de European Central Banck : https://www.ecb.europa.eu/ecb/educational/explainers/tell-me-more/html/growth.en.html#:~:text=One%20of%20the%20major%20benefits,other%20words%2C%20the%20economy%20grows.
10. Grossman, G. M. (1991). Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy. . Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
11. Kirsty Newman, E. G. (2020). Education for Innovation:. Asian Development bank.
12. Global Innovation Index 2021, T. i.-1. (2021). GII 2021 Reults . Geneva: WIPO.
13. OECD. (2016). Innovating Education and Educating for Innovation: The Power of Digital Technologies and Skills. Paris: OECD.
14. OECD. (2012). Equity and Quality in Education: Supporting Disadvantaged Students and Schools. OECD.
15. OECD. (2012). , Equity and Quality in Education: Supporting Disadvantaged Students and Schools. OECD.
16. Group, W. B. (2018). An Incomplete Transition Overcoming the Legacy of Exclusion in South Africa. World Bank Group .
17. OECD. (2016). Implementing policies and initiatives to improve educational systems and outcomes. OECD.
18. Grant, C. (2017). The contribution of education to economic growth. Institute of Development Studies K4D.
19. Woessmann, E. A. (2021). Education and Economic Growth. Education and Economic Growth, 23.
20. OECD. (2010). Fostering Innovation: The Policy Challenge. OECD.
21. Nations, U. (2020). INEQUALITY IN A RAPIDLY CHANGING WORLD. United Nations Publications.
22. Grant, S. (14 de March de 2023). The Impact Of Inequality On Education Access And Quality. Obtenido de Gray Group International: https://www.graygroupintl.com/blog/impact-of-inequality-on-education-access-and-quality
23. Index, G. I. (2022). EXPLORE THE INTERACTIVE DATABASE OF THE GII 2022 INDICATORS. Obtenido de Global Innovation Index Analysis : https://www.globalinnovationindex.org/analysis-indicator
24. WIPO. (2022). WIPO Understand and learn. Obtenido de WIPO: https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/2022/
25. UNDP. (2022). HUMA DEVELOPMENT INDEX. Obtenido de HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORTS : https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/human-development-index#/indicies/HDI
26. WIPO. (2019). GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK. WIPO.
27. Bank, T. W. (2023). Metadata Glossary.
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