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題名 亞洲投資對於拉丁美洲的經濟成長
The Impact of Asian Investment on the Economic Growth of Latin America作者 艾德多
Martinez Molina, Carlos Eduardo貢獻者 吳文傑博士
Dr. Wen-Chieh Wu
艾德多
Martinez Molina, Carlos Eduardo關鍵詞 亞洲投資
經濟增長
面板數據
拉丁美洲生產
集群
Asian Investment
Economic Growth
Panel Data
Latin America Productions
Clusters日期 2023 上傳時間 1-Sep-2023 16:13:51 (UTC+8) 摘要 本研究圍繞亞洲在拉丁美洲的外國直接投資進行定量研究，使用計量經濟學工具進行分析，分析了該地區13 個國家過去14 年的情況，使用的計量經濟學模型包括OLS、單向固定效應、二向固定效應-方式，隨機效應，數據是通過國家銀行和政府機構獲得的。台灣、韓國、日本、中國和亞洲其他地區被選為對投資流貢獻最大的亞洲國家的分析單位，數據主要來自這些國家。樣本還包括反映已進行的投資收益的結果，例如，投資趨勢明顯集中在三個主要方面，北美的汽車工業、中美洲的農產品和南美洲的開採資源豐富，經濟增長顯著。在國內生產總值中。最後，台灣的案例意義重大，但查到的數據只有3個國家，儘管信息減少，還是決定將其納入調查，以對比和有助於結果的討論。我們可以得出結論，外國直接投資對於拉丁美洲的經濟增長確實很重要，但在我們的實證分析中，該地區的影響並不顯著，並且在亞洲國家中，如韓國和台灣，有積極的影響，中國為負面影響，日本則不顯著。不會產生重大影響，其中大部分是因為涵蓋了對該地區投資的不同方法和方式。
AbstractThe present research is composed around a quantitative study of foreign direct investments made from Asia in Latin America, produced by econometric tools, which analyzes 13 countries in the region through 14 years, the econometric models used are OLS, Fixed Effect Oneway, Fixed Effect two-way, random effect, the data has been obtained through national banks and government institutions.Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, China and the Rest of Asia were chosen as actors within the analysis unit belonging to the Asian countries that have contributed the most to the investment flow, with data mostly coming from these countries. The sample also includes results that reflect the gains in investments that have been made, for example, investment trends are concentrated in three main aspects clearly, in North America, the automotive industry, Central America, agricultural products, and South America, the extraction of resources, producing significantly economic growth. in gross domestic product.Finally, the case of Taiwan is widely significant, however, the data that has been found is only from 3 countries, it was decided to add it to the investigation despite the reduced information, to contrast and contribute to the discussion of results. We can conclude that foreign direct investment is really importart for the economic growth in Latin America, the regions are not significant level in our empirical analysis, and among the Asian countries like Korea and Taiwan have positive impact, China negative and significante and Japan it doesn’t have significante impact, most of them because covers difference approaches and ways to invest on the region.參考文獻 •Alfaro, L & M. Johnson (2012), “Foreign Direct Investment and Growth” G Caprio (ed), The Evidence and Impact of Financial Globalization, Elsevier.•Altmann, J. (2012). Latin America, the ways of regional integration. Costa Rica. Flacso.•Arrighi, G. (2010). The Long Twentieth Century. Money, Power, and the Origins of Our Times. Verso. London, New York.•Barrientos, S., Gereffi, G., Rossi, A. (2011) Economic and Social Upgrading in the global Production Networks: A New Paradigm for a Changing World. International Labour Review, 150.•Brouthers, K. & Brouthers, L. (2001). Explaining the national cultural distance paradox. Journal of International Business Studies.•Castellani, D., E. Rullani, A. Zanfei (2017). “Districts, multinationals and global/digital networks”, Economia e Politica Industriale, vol.44, No.4.•Caporaso, J. (1992) International relations theory and multilateralism: the search for foundations. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, International organization, No. 46. (p. 601 – 602)•CEPAL. (2021). Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America and the Caribean. Santiago: United Nations.•Dixit, A.K. y R.S. Pindyck (1994): Investment under uncertainty, Princeton, Princeton University Press•Faeth, I. Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment: A Tale of Nine theoretical models. J. Econ. Surv. 2009, 23, 165–196•Fernández-Nuñez, T.; Maesso, M.; Márquez, M.A. (2017) The role of Imported Inputs and FDI on Economic Growth: Evidence from Emerging and Advanced Economies. Rev. Econ. Mund.•FitzGerald, E.V.K. y R. Vos (1989): Financing economic development: a structural approach to monetary policy, Aldershot, Gower•Gilpin. R. (1981). War and Change in international Politics. Cambridge University Press.•Keohane, R. (1983). After Hegemony. Cooperation and Discord in the world political Economy, Princenton: Princenton University Pres•Kissinger, H. (1964). A World Restored: The Politics of Conservatism in the Revolutionary Age. Nueva York: M. E. Sharpe.•Kim, W. (2018), “Latin America within Korea’s Trade Integration Strategy”, Innovation and SME internationalization in Korea and Latin America and the Caribbean: policy experiences and areas for cooperation, Project Documents (LC,TS.2018/67), S. Herreros, K inoue and N. Mulder (eds.), Santiago, Economic Commisision for Latin America.•Minqi, L. (2005). The Rise of China and the Demise of the Capitalist World-Economy: Exporing Historical Possibilities in the 21st Century. Science & Society. Vol. 69. No.3 July 2005.•Moravcsik. A. (1997). Taking Preferences Seriously: A Liberal Theory of International Politics. International Organization 51 (4). (P.513-553).•Ortiz, J. Wang, H. & Huo, D. (2015) The delicate balance for jointly pursuing economic growth in Latin America and China. Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies. 13:4. DOI: 10.1080/14765284.2015.1090269.•North, D. (1990). Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.•Paus, E. (2014). Latin America and the Middle-Income Trap. Santiago de Chile: CEPAL.•Pincus, J. & Palma, J. (2022). Latin America and Southeast Asia. Two development models but the same “middle income trap”: Easy rents lead to indolent elites. EL Trimestre Economico, Vol. LXXXIX (2.) Santiago, Chile.•Inter-American Development Bank (2023), Making the Most of Connectivity [online database] https://www.iadb.org/en/improvinglives/how-asia-could-help-latin-america-become-export-powerhouse [retrived: March, 2023].•Japan and Latin America and the Caribbean: Building a Sustainable Trans-Pacific Relationship, Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank, 2013.•OECD. (2015). Participation in Global Value Chains in Latin America – Implications for Trade and Trade-Related Policy Preliminary Draft.•Porter, M. (1990): The Competitive Advantage of Nations, Free Press. New York.•Plottier, C. & Park, Y. (2020) Korean FDI in Latin America and the Caribbean A partner for sustainable development. Economic Commision for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), (LC/TS.2019/95). Santiago.•Sakong, I. (2010), “Introduction”, The Korean Economy: Six Decades of Growth and Development, l. Sakong and Y. Koh (eds.), Seoul, Korea Development Institute.•UNCTAD. (2022) World Investment Report 2022. [online] https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/wir2022_en.pdf [retrived: January 2023].•Tsunekawa, K. “Japanese Investment in liberalizing Latin American economies: current pattern and possible impacts of fTA initiatives, “Revista de Economia Politica, Vol. 15, No. 3. 1995.•Xinhua News Agency (2021). Otuline of the People’s Republic of China 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and Long-Range Objectives for 2035 Center for Security and Emerging Technology (CSET).•Shih., S. (1996). “Me-too is not my style: challenge difficulties, breakthrough bottlenecks, create values”. Taipei: The Acer Foundation.•UNCTAD. (2019). “World Investment Report 2019: Special Economic Zones”. Geneva: United Nations.•United Nations. (2022) Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Statistics Division. [online] https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/regional-groups [retrived: January 2023].•Velde, D.W. (2001). “Policies towards Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries: Emerging Best-practices and Outstanding Issues”. London: Overseas Development Institute.•Sutcliffe, B. (1971). Industry and Underdevelopment. London: Addison-Wesley.•The Heritage Foundation (2022). Index for Economic Freedm [online database] https://www.heritage.org/index [retrived: January 2023].•Witt, M., and Lewin, A. A. (2007). “Outward Foreign Direct Investment as Escape Response to Home Country Institutional Constraints, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol 28, No.4.•Wooldridge, J. (2001). Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data. Boston: MIT Press.•World Bank (2023), World Development Indicators [online database] https://datatopics.worldbank.org/world-development-indicators/themes/economy.html [retrived: February 2023].Data Set•National Bank of Guatemala, (2023). Foreign Direct investment data [online] https://www.banguat.gob.gt/es/page/estadisticas-macroeconomicas [retrived: January 2023].•National Bank of Mexico. (2023). Foreign Direct investment data [online] https://www.economia.gob.mx/files/gobmx/mapaflujosIEDgobmx.html [retrived: January•National Bank of Argentina. (2023). Foreign Direct investment data [online] https://www.bcra.gob.ar/publicacionesestadisticas/inversiones_directas.asp [retrived: January 2023].•Bureau of commerce Costa Rica. (2023). Foreign Direct investment data [online] https://www.comex.go.cr/inversion-extranjera-directa [retrived: January 2023].•National Bank of Peru. (2023). Foreign Direct investment data [online] https://estadisticas.bcrp.gob.pe/estadisticas/series/anuales/resultados/PM05660BA/html [retrived: January 2023].•National Bank of Ecuador. (2023). Foreign Direct Investment data [online] https://www.bce.fin.ec/index.php/component/k2/item/298-inversi%C3%B3n-extranjera-directa [retrived: January 2023].•National Bank of Chile (2023). Foreign Direct Investment data [online] https://si3.bcentral.cl/estadisticas/Principal1/enlaces/IED/IED.html [retrived: January 2023].•National Bank of Uruguay. (2023). Foreign Direct Investment data [online] https://www.bcu.gub.uy/Estadisticas-e-Indicadores/Paginas/Inversion-de-Extranjera-Directa.aspx [retrived: January 2023].•National Bank of Honduras. (2023). Foreign Direct Investment data [online] https://www.bch.hn/estadisticos/EME/Paginas/Infome-de-Inversi%C3%B3n-Extranjera-Directa-.aspx [retrived: January 2023].•National Bank of Colombia. (2023). Foreign Direct Investment data [online] https://www.banrep.gov.co/es/estadisticas/inversion-directa [retrived: January 2023].•National Bank of Brasil. (2023). Foreign Direct Investment data [online] https://www.bcb.gov.br/publicacoes/relatorioid [retrived: January 2023].•National Bank of Bolivia. (2023). Foreign Direct Investment data [online] https://www.bcb.gob.bo/?q=riof-ied [retrived: January 2023].•National Institute of Statistics and Census Panama. (2023). Foreign Direct Investment data[online]https://www.inec.gob.pa/publicaciones/Default3.aspx?ID_PUBLICACION=973&ID_CATEGORIA=4&ID_SUBCATEGORIA=25 [retrived: January 2023]. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
應用經濟與社會發展英語碩士學位學程(IMES)
110266014資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110266014 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 吳文傑博士 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Dr. Wen-Chieh Wu en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 艾德多 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Martinez Molina, Carlos Eduardo en_US dc.creator (作者) 艾德多 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Martinez Molina, Carlos Eduardo en_US dc.date (日期) 2023 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Sep-2023 16:13:51 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Sep-2023 16:13:51 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Sep-2023 16:13:51 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0110266014 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/147239 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 應用經濟與社會發展英語碩士學位學程(IMES) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 110266014 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究圍繞亞洲在拉丁美洲的外國直接投資進行定量研究，使用計量經濟學工具進行分析，分析了該地區13 個國家過去14 年的情況，使用的計量經濟學模型包括OLS、單向固定效應、二向固定效應-方式，隨機效應，數據是通過國家銀行和政府機構獲得的。台灣、韓國、日本、中國和亞洲其他地區被選為對投資流貢獻最大的亞洲國家的分析單位，數據主要來自這些國家。樣本還包括反映已進行的投資收益的結果，例如，投資趨勢明顯集中在三個主要方面，北美的汽車工業、中美洲的農產品和南美洲的開採資源豐富，經濟增長顯著。在國內生產總值中。最後，台灣的案例意義重大，但查到的數據只有3個國家，儘管信息減少，還是決定將其納入調查，以對比和有助於結果的討論。我們可以得出結論，外國直接投資對於拉丁美洲的經濟增長確實很重要，但在我們的實證分析中，該地區的影響並不顯著，並且在亞洲國家中，如韓國和台灣，有積極的影響，中國為負面影響，日本則不顯著。不會產生重大影響，其中大部分是因為涵蓋了對該地區投資的不同方法和方式。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) AbstractThe present research is composed around a quantitative study of foreign direct investments made from Asia in Latin America, produced by econometric tools, which analyzes 13 countries in the region through 14 years, the econometric models used are OLS, Fixed Effect Oneway, Fixed Effect two-way, random effect, the data has been obtained through national banks and government institutions.Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, China and the Rest of Asia were chosen as actors within the analysis unit belonging to the Asian countries that have contributed the most to the investment flow, with data mostly coming from these countries. The sample also includes results that reflect the gains in investments that have been made, for example, investment trends are concentrated in three main aspects clearly, in North America, the automotive industry, Central America, agricultural products, and South America, the extraction of resources, producing significantly economic growth. in gross domestic product.Finally, the case of Taiwan is widely significant, however, the data that has been found is only from 3 countries, it was decided to add it to the investigation despite the reduced information, to contrast and contribute to the discussion of results. We can conclude that foreign direct investment is really importart for the economic growth in Latin America, the regions are not significant level in our empirical analysis, and among the Asian countries like Korea and Taiwan have positive impact, China negative and significante and Japan it doesn’t have significante impact, most of them because covers difference approaches and ways to invest on the region. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction…………………………………………………………………..6 - 101.1 Motivation………………………………………….…….….…………...…....6 - 81.2 Purpose………………………………………………………………………...8 - 91.3 Framework……………………………………………...……………...….....9 - 10Chapter 2 Literature Review………………………………………………... 11- 162.1 Globalization Theory……………………………….…………...……….... 11 - 122.2 Foreign Direct investment Theory ……………………………….. 13 - 152.3 Economics papers………………………………………….….……….…. 15 - 16Chapter 3 Economic Growth in Latin America…………………… 17- 243.1. Historic models for economic growth………………... 17 - 193.2 Economic performance in different Latin America countries…...................19 - 24Chapter 4 Asian Investment in Latin America…………………24 - 484.1 General Introduction of Asian Investment…………………………….…...25 - 264.2 General Introduction of Korea Investment…………...…27 - 314.3 General Introduction of Japan Investment………...….32 - 354.5 General Introduction of China Investment………….35 - 424.6 General Introduction of Taiwan Investment……….…….42 - 434.7 General Introduction of Rest of Asia Investment……44 - 48Chapter 5 Empirical Analysis and Specifications………………49 – 515.1 Panel Data……………………………………………………….……….…. ….495.2 Model Specification………………………...…………………...….……….49- 505.3 Variables…………………………………………………………...….…….50 - 515.4 Data sources…………………………………...……………………………. ….. 51Chapter 6 Estimation Result and Empirical Analysis Results……52 – 596.1 Descriptive Statistics…………………………………………………. ….52 - 536.2 Correlation Results…………………………………….….……………. ….53 - 546.3 Regressions Results………………………………….….……………….….54 - 586.4 Taiwan Estimation Result……………….……………………………………….58Chapter 7 Conclusion………………………………………………………………….…………60References………………………………………….………………………………….……61 – 64 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2091064 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110266014 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 亞洲投資 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 經濟增長 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 面板數據 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 拉丁美洲生產 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 集群 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Asian Investment en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Economic Growth en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Panel Data en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Latin America Productions en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Clusters en_US dc.title (題名) 亞洲投資對於拉丁美洲的經濟成長 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Impact of Asian Investment on the Economic Growth of Latin America en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) •Alfaro, L & M. Johnson (2012), “Foreign Direct Investment and Growth” G Caprio (ed), The Evidence and Impact of Financial Globalization, Elsevier.•Altmann, J. (2012). Latin America, the ways of regional integration. Costa Rica. Flacso.•Arrighi, G. (2010). The Long Twentieth Century. Money, Power, and the Origins of Our Times. Verso. London, New York.•Barrientos, S., Gereffi, G., Rossi, A. (2011) Economic and Social Upgrading in the global Production Networks: A New Paradigm for a Changing World. International Labour Review, 150.•Brouthers, K. & Brouthers, L. (2001). Explaining the national cultural distance paradox. Journal of International Business Studies.•Castellani, D., E. Rullani, A. Zanfei (2017). “Districts, multinationals and global/digital networks”, Economia e Politica Industriale, vol.44, No.4.•Caporaso, J. (1992) International relations theory and multilateralism: the search for foundations. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, International organization, No. 46. (p. 601 – 602)•CEPAL. (2021). Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America and the Caribean. Santiago: United Nations.•Dixit, A.K. y R.S. Pindyck (1994): Investment under uncertainty, Princeton, Princeton University Press•Faeth, I. Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment: A Tale of Nine theoretical models. J. Econ. Surv. 2009, 23, 165–196•Fernández-Nuñez, T.; Maesso, M.; Márquez, M.A. (2017) The role of Imported Inputs and FDI on Economic Growth: Evidence from Emerging and Advanced Economies. Rev. Econ. Mund.•FitzGerald, E.V.K. y R. Vos (1989): Financing economic development: a structural approach to monetary policy, Aldershot, Gower•Gilpin. R. (1981). War and Change in international Politics. Cambridge University Press.•Keohane, R. (1983). After Hegemony. Cooperation and Discord in the world political Economy, Princenton: Princenton University Pres•Kissinger, H. (1964). A World Restored: The Politics of Conservatism in the Revolutionary Age. Nueva York: M. E. Sharpe.•Kim, W. (2018), “Latin America within Korea’s Trade Integration Strategy”, Innovation and SME internationalization in Korea and Latin America and the Caribbean: policy experiences and areas for cooperation, Project Documents (LC,TS.2018/67), S. Herreros, K inoue and N. Mulder (eds.), Santiago, Economic Commisision for Latin America.•Minqi, L. (2005). The Rise of China and the Demise of the Capitalist World-Economy: Exporing Historical Possibilities in the 21st Century. Science & Society. Vol. 69. No.3 July 2005.•Moravcsik. A. (1997). Taking Preferences Seriously: A Liberal Theory of International Politics. International Organization 51 (4). (P.513-553).•Ortiz, J. Wang, H. & Huo, D. (2015) The delicate balance for jointly pursuing economic growth in Latin America and China. Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies. 13:4. DOI: 10.1080/14765284.2015.1090269.•North, D. (1990). Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.•Paus, E. (2014). Latin America and the Middle-Income Trap. Santiago de Chile: CEPAL.•Pincus, J. & Palma, J. (2022). Latin America and Southeast Asia. Two development models but the same “middle income trap”: Easy rents lead to indolent elites. EL Trimestre Economico, Vol. LXXXIX (2.) Santiago, Chile.•Inter-American Development Bank (2023), Making the Most of Connectivity [online database] https://www.iadb.org/en/improvinglives/how-asia-could-help-latin-america-become-export-powerhouse [retrived: March, 2023].•Japan and Latin America and the Caribbean: Building a Sustainable Trans-Pacific Relationship, Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank, 2013.•OECD. (2015). Participation in Global Value Chains in Latin America – Implications for Trade and Trade-Related Policy Preliminary Draft.•Porter, M. (1990): The Competitive Advantage of Nations, Free Press. New York.•Plottier, C. & Park, Y. (2020) Korean FDI in Latin America and the Caribbean A partner for sustainable development. Economic Commision for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), (LC/TS.2019/95). Santiago.•Sakong, I. (2010), “Introduction”, The Korean Economy: Six Decades of Growth and Development, l. Sakong and Y. Koh (eds.), Seoul, Korea Development Institute.•UNCTAD. (2022) World Investment Report 2022. [online] https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/wir2022_en.pdf [retrived: January 2023].•Tsunekawa, K. “Japanese Investment in liberalizing Latin American economies: current pattern and possible impacts of fTA initiatives, “Revista de Economia Politica, Vol. 15, No. 3. 1995.•Xinhua News Agency (2021). Otuline of the People’s Republic of China 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and Long-Range Objectives for 2035 Center for Security and Emerging Technology (CSET).•Shih., S. (1996). “Me-too is not my style: challenge difficulties, breakthrough bottlenecks, create values”. Taipei: The Acer Foundation.•UNCTAD. (2019). “World Investment Report 2019: Special Economic Zones”. Geneva: United Nations.•United Nations. (2022) Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Statistics Division. [online] https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/regional-groups [retrived: January 2023].•Velde, D.W. (2001). “Policies towards Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries: Emerging Best-practices and Outstanding Issues”. London: Overseas Development Institute.•Sutcliffe, B. (1971). Industry and Underdevelopment. London: Addison-Wesley.•The Heritage Foundation (2022). Index for Economic Freedm [online database] https://www.heritage.org/index [retrived: January 2023].•Witt, M., and Lewin, A. A. (2007). “Outward Foreign Direct Investment as Escape Response to Home Country Institutional Constraints, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol 28, No.4.•Wooldridge, J. (2001). Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data. Boston: MIT Press.•World Bank (2023), World Development Indicators [online database] https://datatopics.worldbank.org/world-development-indicators/themes/economy.html [retrived: February 2023].Data Set•National Bank of Guatemala, (2023). Foreign Direct investment data [online] https://www.banguat.gob.gt/es/page/estadisticas-macroeconomicas [retrived: January 2023].•National Bank of Mexico. (2023). Foreign Direct investment data [online] https://www.economia.gob.mx/files/gobmx/mapaflujosIEDgobmx.html [retrived: January•National Bank of Argentina. (2023). Foreign Direct investment data [online] https://www.bcra.gob.ar/publicacionesestadisticas/inversiones_directas.asp [retrived: January 2023].•Bureau of commerce Costa Rica. (2023). Foreign Direct investment data [online] https://www.comex.go.cr/inversion-extranjera-directa [retrived: January 2023].•National Bank of Peru. (2023). Foreign Direct investment data [online] https://estadisticas.bcrp.gob.pe/estadisticas/series/anuales/resultados/PM05660BA/html [retrived: January 2023].•National Bank of Ecuador. (2023). Foreign Direct Investment data [online] https://www.bce.fin.ec/index.php/component/k2/item/298-inversi%C3%B3n-extranjera-directa [retrived: January 2023].•National Bank of Chile (2023). Foreign Direct Investment data [online] https://si3.bcentral.cl/estadisticas/Principal1/enlaces/IED/IED.html [retrived: January 2023].•National Bank of Uruguay. (2023). Foreign Direct Investment data [online] https://www.bcu.gub.uy/Estadisticas-e-Indicadores/Paginas/Inversion-de-Extranjera-Directa.aspx [retrived: January 2023].•National Bank of Honduras. (2023). Foreign Direct Investment data [online] https://www.bch.hn/estadisticos/EME/Paginas/Infome-de-Inversi%C3%B3n-Extranjera-Directa-.aspx [retrived: January 2023].•National Bank of Colombia. (2023). Foreign Direct Investment data [online] https://www.banrep.gov.co/es/estadisticas/inversion-directa [retrived: January 2023].•National Bank of Brasil. (2023). Foreign Direct Investment data [online] https://www.bcb.gov.br/publicacoes/relatorioid [retrived: January 2023].•National Bank of Bolivia. (2023). Foreign Direct Investment data [online] https://www.bcb.gob.bo/?q=riof-ied [retrived: January 2023].•National Institute of Statistics and Census Panama. (2023). Foreign Direct Investment data[online]https://www.inec.gob.pa/publicaciones/Default3.aspx?ID_PUBLICACION=973&ID_CATEGORIA=4&ID_SUBCATEGORIA=25 [retrived: January 2023]. zh_TW
