Publications-Theses
Article View/Open
Publication Export
-
Google ScholarTM
NCCU Library
Citation Infomation
Related Publications in TAIR
題名 俄烏戰爭背景下東協與俄羅斯關係之研究
A Study on ASEAN-Russia Relations in the Context of Russia-Ukraine War作者 鄧詠中
Tang, Wing-Chung Ivy貢獻者 林永芳
Lin, Yung-Fang
鄧詠中
Tang, Wing-Chung Ivy關鍵詞 俄羅斯
俄烏戰爭
東協
東協-俄羅斯
避險
Russia
Russia-Ukraine war
ASEAN
ASEAN-Russia
hedging日期 2023 上傳時間 1-Sep-2023 16:14:23 (UTC+8) 摘要 俄烏戰爭反映俄羅斯與東協成員不同戰略願景。此研究探討俄烏戰爭背景下，東協與俄羅斯關係，東協國家外交、經濟及軍事避險級別分為高、中及低三級。俄烏戰爭仍持續，此研究集中探討俄烏戰爭開始至2023年6月期間，東協與俄羅斯關係。新加坡及緬甸避險程度為低，預料新加坡將維持其強硬立場及制裁俄羅斯；緬甸則繼續與俄羅斯保持密切關係。預料柬埔寨將繼續提供排雷訓練予烏克蘭，並與俄羅斯探討軍事合作。越南與俄羅斯的經濟連繫，或受中國船隻進入越俄合資天然氣區塊事件影響。預料越南、菲律賓及馬來西亞將分散武器來源；汶萊將與俄羅斯發展更緊密軍事合作；寮國、泰國及印尼將與俄羅斯發展更緊密經濟關係。
The Russia-Ukraine war illustrates the different strategic visions of Russia and ASEAN members. This research studies ASEAN-Russia relations in the context of the Russia-Ukraine war, the hedging levels of ASEAN states in diplomatic, economic and military aspects are divided into three categories: high, medium and low. While the Russia-Ukraine war is still on going, this study focuses on ASEAN-Russia relations since the outbreak of war till June 2023. The hedging levels of Singapore and Myanmar were low, it is predicted that Singapore will continue its strong stand and sanctions towards Russia; Myanmar will remain close to Russia. Cambodia will continue to support Ukraine through deminer training and discuss military cooperation with Russia. Vietnam’s economic ties with Russia may be hindered, due to China’s incursions into Russian-operated gas fields jointly operated with Vietnam. Vietnam, Philippines and Malaysia will diversify the sources of weapons; Brunei will develop closer military cooperation with Russia; whereas Laos, Thailand, Indonesia will develop closer economic relations with Russia.參考文獻 Books:Chufrin, Gennadiĭ I., Mark Hong, and Kah Beng Teo. ASEAN-Russia Relations. Singapore: ISEAS, 2006.Maletin, Nikolai, SSSR/RF-ASEAN (1967–2002) [USSR/Russian Federation-ASEAN]. Moscow: MGIMO, 2003.Sakwa, Richard. Putin: Russia`s Choice. Taylor & Francis Group, 2007.Singh, Bilveer. Soviet Relations With ASEAN, 1967–88. Singapore: Singapore University Press, 1989.Tilman, Robert O. Southeast Asia and the Enemy Beyond: ASEAN Perceptions of External Threats. Boulder: Westview Press, 1987.Touch, Sok. “Cambodia and the USSR/Russia: Fifty-Five Years of Relations.” In ASEAN-Russia: Foundations and Future Prospects. Singapore: ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute, 2012.Tung, Nguyen Vu, and Dang Cam Tu.“Vietnam`s Decision to Join ASEAN: The South China Sea. Disputes Connection.” In Vietnam’s Foreign Policy Under Doi Moi, edited by Hong Hiep Le and Anton Tsvetov, 186-208. Singapore: ISEAS Publishing, 2018.Official Documents:Cooperation Agreements, Statements, Official Publications, Press Releases:Australian Embassy Vietnam. “Joint Statement on the Establishment of a Strategic Partnership. between the Government of Australia and the Government of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.” 15 March, 2018, https://vietnam.embassy.gov.au/hnoi/JS180315.html.ASEAN. “ASEAN and Russia: A Future-Oriented Multidimensional Strategic Partnership – Report. of the ASEAN-Russia Eminent Persons Group.” 11 September, 2021. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/11.-May-2016-ASEAN-Russia-EPG.pdf.ASEAN. “ASEAN and the Eurasian Economic Commission Sign a Memorandum of Understanding on Economic Cooperation.” November 21, 2018. https://asean.org/asean-and-the-eurasian-economic-commission-sign-a-memorandum-of-understanding-on-economic-cooperation/.ASEAN. “ASEAN Foreign Ministers’ Statement Calling for a Ceasefire in Ukraine.” March 3, 2022. https://asean.org/asean-foreign-ministers-statement-calling-for-a-ceasefire-in-ukraine/.ASEAN. “ASEAN Foreign Ministers’ Statement Calling on the Reported Killing of Civilians in.Ukraine.” April 8, 2022. https://asean.org/asean-foreign-ministers-statement-on-the-reported-killing-of-civilians-in-ukraine/.ASEAN. “ASEAN Foreign Ministers’ Statement on the Situation in Ukraine.” February 26, 2022. https://asean.org/asean-foreign-ministers-statement-on-the-situation-in-ukraine/.ASEAN. “ASEAN-Russia Commemorative Summit. “History of ASEAN-Russia Dialogue Partnership.” March 9, 2016. http://en.russia-asean20.ru/russia_asean/20160309/9413.html.ASEAN. “ASEAN, Russia Reaffirm Commitment To Strengthen Strategic Partnership.” April 28, 2023. https://asean.org/asean-russia-reaffirm-commitment-to-strengthen-strategic-partnership/.ASEAN. “ASEAN, Russia Review Progress of Cooperation.” March 24, 2018. https://asean.org/asean-russia-review-progress-of-cooperation-2/.ASEAN. “ASEAN, Russia to Pursue Broader and Deeper Partnership.” May 19, 2018. https://asean.org/asean-russia-review-progress-of-cooperation/.ASEAN. “ASEAN-Russia Consultations of The High Representatives for Security Issues.” June 28, 2021. https://asean.org/asean-russia-consultations-of-the-high-representatives-for-security-issues/.ASEAN. “ASEAN-Russia Cooperation Mechanisms.” March 9, 2016. http://en.russia-asean20.ru/russia_asean/20160309/9441.html.ASEAN. “ASEAN-Russia Economic Relations.” 2020. https://asean.org/our-communities/economic-community/asean-russia-economic-relations/.ASEAN. “Chairman’s Statement of The 17th East Asia Summit.” November 13, 2022.https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/FINAL-Chairmans-Statement-of-the-17th-East-Asia-Summit_EAS.pdf.ASEAN. “Co-Chairs’ Press Release of the 9 th Meeting of the ASEAN-Russian Federation Joint Cooperation Committee”. April 7, 2011. https://asean.org/co-chairs-press-release-of-the-9th-meeting-of-the-asean-russian-federation-joint-cooperation-committee/.ASEAN. “Co-Chairs’ Press Release of the 14th ASEAN-Russia Joint Cooperation Committee Meeting.” March 18, 2016. https://asean.org/co-chairs-press-release-the-14th-asean-russia-joint-cooperation-commitee-meeting/.ASEAN. “Comprehensive Plan of Action (CPA) To Implement The Association of Southeast Asian Nations And The Russian Federation Strategic Partnership (2021-2025).” October 28, 2021, https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/83.-ASEAN-RU-CPA-2021-2025-Final.pdf.ASEAN. “Comprehensive Programme of Action to Promote Cooperation between the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the Russian Federation 2005-2015.” December 13, 2005. https://asean.org/comprehensive-programme-of-action-to-promote-cooperation-between-the-association-of-southeast-asian-nations-and-the-russian-federation-2005-2015/.ASEAN. “History of ASEAN- Russia Dialogue Partnership.” March 9, 2016. http://en.russia-asean20.ru/russia_asean/20160309/9413.html.ASEAN. “Joint Declaration of the Heads of State/ Government of the Member Countries of theAssociation of Southeast Asian Nations and the Head of State of the Russian Federation on Progressive and Comprehensive Partnership Kuala Lumpur, 13 December 2005.” December 13, 2005. https://asean.org/joint-declaration-of-the-heads-of-state-government-of-the-member-countries-of-the-association-of-southeast-asian-nations-and-the-head-of-state-of-the-russian-federation-on-progressive-and-comprehensiv/.ASEAN. “Joint Statement of the 4th ASEAN-Russia Summit: Building A Peaceful, Stable and. Sustainable Region.” October 28, 2021. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/82.-Joint-Statement-of-the-4th-ASEAN-Russia-Summit-Final.pdf.ASEAN. “Opening Ceremony Russia-ASEAN Year of Scientific and Technical Cooperation 2022.” February 14, 2022. https://www.russia-asean.com/en/events/1149.ASEAN. “Overview: ASEAN-Russia Dialogue Relations.” June, 2022. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Overview-ASEAN-Russia-Dialogue-Relations-as-of-June-2022.pdf.ASEAN. “Press Release of the Co-Chairs of the 17th ASEAN-Russia Joint Cooperation Committee.” April 4, 2019. https://asean.org/press-release-of-the-co-chairs-of-the-17th-asean-russia-joint-cooperation-committee/.ASEAN. “SOCHI Declaration of the ASEAN-Russian Federation Commemorative Summit to Mark the 20th Anniversary of ASEAN-Russian Federation Dialogue Partnership.” May, 2016. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Sochi-Declaration-of-the-ASEAN-Russia-Commemorative-Summit-Final.pdf.ASEAN. “The ASEAN-Russia Ministerial Meeting on Science, Technology and Innovation (ARMMSTI).” February 14, 2023. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Adopted-ARMMSTI-Co-Chairs-Statement.pdf.ASEAN. “Treaty Of Amity and Cooperation In Southeast Asia (TAC).” 2020. https://asean.org/our-communities/asean-political-security-community/outward-looking-community/treaty-of-amity-and-cooperation-in-southeast-asia-tac/.ASEAN Centre in MGIMO-University the MFA of Russia. “Russia-ASEAN: Cooperation Is On The Rise”. April 2, 2014. https://asean.mgimo.ru/en/news/2014/russia-asean-cooperation-is-on-the-rise.ASEANAPOL. “34th ASEANAPOL Conference 12th-16th May 2014 in Manila, The Philippines.” May 26, 2014, http://www.aseanapol.org/display/2014/05/26/34th-aseanapol-conference-12th---16th-may-2014-in-manila-the-philippinesDepartment of Agriculture. “Business Mission Paves Way for Agri Partnerships of RP and Russian. Companies.” June 27, 2023. https://www.da.gov.ph/business-mission-paves-way-for-partnership-of-russian-companies/.Eastern Economic Forum. “Russia-Myanmar: A New Strategy for Economic Cooperation.” September. 19, 2022. https://forumvostok.ru/en/news/rossija-mjanma-novaja-strategija-ekonomicheskogo-sotrudnichestva/.European Commission. “European Union, Trade in Goods with Brunei,” European Commission, April. 19, 2023, https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/isdb_results/factsheets/country/details_brunei_en.pdf.European Commission. “European Union, Trade in Goods with Laos.” European Commission, April. 19, 2023. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/isdb_results/factsheets/country/details_laos_en.pdf.European Union External Action. “UN General Assembly Demands Russian Federation Withdraw All Military Forces from The Territory of Ukraine”. March 2, 2022. https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/un-general-assembly-demands-russian-federation-withdraw-all-military-forces-territory-ukraine_en.Garamone, Jim. “U.S.-Philippines Alliance Strengthens as it Enters New Phase.” U.S. Department of Defense, February 2, 2023. https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/3286055/us-philippine-alliance-strengthens-as-it-enters-new-phase/.International Trade Administration. “Vietnam – Defense and Security Sector”. December 15, 2022, https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/vietnam-defense-and-security-sector.Kingdom Of Cambodia Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation. “Joint Press Release of the Foreign Ministers of the Kingdom of Cambodia, the Republic of Indonesia and the Kingdom of Thailand.” May 4, 2022. https://www.mfaic.gov.kh/files/uploads/8MP1IYQ5U3XL/FINAL%20JPR%20CA%20ID%20TH%20(ENG)1.pdf.Kingdom Of Cambodia Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation. “Joint Statement between the Kingdom of Cambodia and Japan, on the Occasion of Official Visit of His Excellency KISHIDA Fumio, Prime Minister of Japan, to the Kingdom of Cambodia.” March 20, 2022. https://www.mfaic.gov.kh/posts/2022-03-20-Press-Release-Joint-Statement-between-the-Kingdom-of-Cambodia-and-Japan--on-the-occasion-of-the-Official-Visit-of--20-42-54.Lee, Hsien Loong. “What Is Happening In Ukraine Now Is Important To Us,” Facebook, February 28, 2022.https://www.facebook.com/leehsienloong/posts/pfbid0FjPvVSgtAQHXha4C6gwuK2URLnzh7hwVuN2WyXaH3a8FXempbde7KxP5sYPB81Bil.Marcos, Bongbong. “I had the pleasure of talking to Ukrainian President Volodymr Zelenskyy yesterday,” Twitter, February 14, 2023, 10:14 PM. https://twitter.com/bongbongmarcos/status/1625317512899600385.Ministry of Economy Malaysia. “Malaysia External Trade Statistics Bulletin March 2023.” April 19, 2023. https://www.dosm.gov.my/uploads/release-content/file_20230419230644.pdf.Ministry of Foreign Affairs Brunei Darussalam. “Brunei Darussalam’s Statement on The Situation in Ukraine.” February 26, 2022. https://www.mfa.gov.bn/Lists/Press%20Room/news.aspx?id=969&source=https://www.mfa.gov.bn/site/home.aspx.Ministry of Foreign Affairs Brunei Darussalam. “Russia”. Sept, 2018. https://www.mfa.gov.bn/SitePages/Russia.aspx.Ministry of Foreign Affairs Kingdom of Thailand. “Thailand’s Statement on the Situation in Ukraine.” February 24, 2022. https://www.mfa.go.th/en/content/statement-24-feb-22?cate=5d5bcb4e15e39c306000683e.Ministry of Foreign Affairs Kingdom of Thailand. “8th Session of Join Thai-Russian Commission on Bilateral Cooperation.” April 28, 2023. https://www.mfa.go.th/en/content/thrujc8-2?page=5d5bd3da15e39c306002aaf9&menu=5d5bd3dd15e39c306002ab1d.Ministry of Foreign Affairs Malaysia. “Embassy of Malaysia, Moscow – History.” 2019, https://www.kln.gov.my/web/rus_moscow/history.Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lao PDR. “Press Statement by the Spokesperson of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the LAO PDR on 26 February 2022.” February 26, 2022. http://www.mofa.gov.la/index.php/statements/mofa-statement/4675-press-statement-by-the-spokesperson-of-the-ministry-of-foreign-affairs-of-the-lao-pdr-on-26-february-2022.Ministry Of Foreign Affairs of The Republic of Indonesia. “Indonesia Urges UN Member States To Pay Heed To Humanitarian Interests In The Ukraine Crisis.” March 1, 2022, https://kemlu.go.id/portal/en/read/3369/berita/indonesia-urges-un-member-states-to-pay-heed-to-humanitarian-interests-in-the-ukraine-crisis.Ministry Of Foreign Affairs of The Republic of Indonesia. “Indonesian Way.” February 25, 2022. https://kemlu.go.id/portal/en/read/3360/berita/pernyataan-pemerintah-indonesia-mengenai-serangan-militer-di-ukraina.Ministry Of Foreign Affairs Singapore. “MFA Spokesman’s Comments In Response To Media Queries On The Russian Parliament’s Ratification Of A Treaty Joining Crimea To Russia On 21 March 2014.” March 21, 2014. https://www.mfa.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Statements-Transcripts-and-Photos/2014/03/MFA-Spokesmans-Comments-in-response-to-media-queries-on-the-Russian-Parliaments-ratification-of-a-tr.Ministry Of Foreign Affairs Singapore. “Minister For Foreign Affairs Dr Vivian Balakrishnan’s Ministerial Statement On The Situation In Ukraine And Its Implications.” February 28, 2022. https://www.mfa.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Statements-Transcripts-and-Photos/2022/02/20220228-Ministerial-Statement.Ministry Of Foreign Affairs Singapore. “Sanctions And Restrictions Against Russia In Repones To Its Invasion Of Ukraine.” March 5, 2022. https://www.mfa.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Statements-Transcripts-and-Photos/2022/03/20220305-sanctions.Ministry Of Foreign Affairs Singapore. “Transcript of Minister for Foreign Affairs Dr Vivian Balakrishnan’s Oral Reply to Parliamentary and Supplementary Question on Allegations concerning Singapore in the Report of the Special Advisory Council for Myanmar, 14 February 2023.” February 14, 2023. https://www.mfa.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Statements-Transcripts-and-Photos/2023/02/20230214-PQ.Obama White House Archives. “Fact Sheet: East Asia Summit.” November 19, 2011. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2011/11/19/fact-sheet-east-asia-summit.Obama White House Archives. “United States-Vietnam Joint Vision Statement.” July 7, 2015. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/07/united-states-%E2%80%93-vietnam-joint-vision-statementPhilippine Information Agency. “Effects Of Russia-Ukraine Conflict Temporary, Measures In Place To Cushion Its Impact – Dominguez.” March 8, 2022, https://pia.gov.ph/press-releases/2022/03/08/effects-of-russia-ukraine-conflict-temporary-measures-in-place-to-cushion-its-impact-dominguez.President of Russia. “Address by the President of the Russian Federation.” February 24, 2022. http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/67843.President of Russia. “Joint Statement of the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China on the International Relations Entering a New Era and the Global Sustainable Development.” February 4, 2022. http://en.kremlin.ru/supplement/5770.President of Russia. “Indonesia-Russia: New Perspectives of Cooperation.” September 5, 2007. http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/24511.President of Russia. “Meeting On Current Situation In Oil And Gas Sector.” April 14, 2022. http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/68191.Russian Council. “Online Round Table ‘65 Years of The Russia-Cambodia Diplomatic Relations’.” April 10, 2021. https://russiancouncil.ru/en/news/online-round-table-65-years-of-the-russia-cambodia-diplomatic-relations/.Socialist Republic of Vietnam Government News. “Sergey Lavrov’s Viet Nam Visit Aims to Promote Comprehensive Strategic Partnership.” July 7, 2022. https://en.baochinhphu.vn/sergey-lavrovs-viet-nam-visit-aims-to-promote-comprehensive-strategic-partnership-111220707104120727.htm.Socialist Republic of Vietnam Government News. “Viet Nam Expresses Grave Concerns over Armed Conflict in Ukraine.” February 25, 2022. https://en.baochinhphu.vn/viet-nam-expresses-grave-concerns-over-armed-conflict-in-ukraine-111220225115520723.htm.The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation. “Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov’s News Conference Following The East Asia Summit, Phnom Penh, November 13 2022.” November 13, 2022. https://mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/news/1838341/.The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation. “Press Release on Foreign Minister. Sergey Lavrov’s Participation in the Upcoming ASEAN Ministerial Meetings.” July 11, 2023. https://mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/news/1896262/.The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation. “Sergey Lavrov’s Written Interview with. Indonesian Newspaper Kompas, July 11, 2023.” July 11, 2023. https://mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/news/1896460/.The White House. “Fact Sheet: Investing in the Special Friendship and Alliance between the United. States and the Philippines.” May 1, 2023. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/05/01/fact-sheet-investing-in-the-special-friendship-and-alliance-between-the-united-states-and-the-philippines/.The White House. “Fact Sheet: United States Bans Imports of Russian Oil, Liquefied Natural Gas, and Coal.” March 8, 2022. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/03/08/fact-sheet-united-states-bans-imports-of-russian-oil-liquefied-natural-gas-and-coal/Trump White House Archives. “Joint Statement for Enhancing the Comprehensive Partnership. between the United States of America and the Social Republic of Vietnam.” May 31, 2017. https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefings-statements/joint-statement-enhancing-comprehensive-partnership-united-states-america-socialist-republic-vietnam/.UK Government. “UK To Phase Out Russian Oil Imports.” March 8, 2022. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-to-phase-out-russian-oil-imports.United Nations. “General Assembly Adopts Text Recognizing Scale Of Humanitarian Woes Arising. From Russian Federation’s Ukraine Offensive As Unseen In Many Decades.” March 24, 2022. https://press.un.org/en/2022/ga12411.doc.htm.United Nations. “General Assembly Overwhelmingly Adopts Resolution Demanding Russian. Federation Immediately End Illegal Use Of Force In Ukraine, Withdraw All Troops.” March 2, 2022. https://press.un.org/en/2022/ga12407.doc.htm.United Nations. “Many Speakers Voice Concern Over Increase In Dangerous Nuclear Weapons. Rhetoric Amidst Ongoing War Against Ukraine, As Disarmament Commission Opens Session.” April 3, 2023. https://press.un.org/en/2023/dc3847.doc.htm.United Nations. “With 143 Votes In Favour, 5 Against, General Assembly Adopts Resolution. Condemning Russian Federation’s Annexation Of Four Eastern Ukraine Regions.” October 12, 2022. https://press.un.org/en/2022/ga12458.doc.htm.United Nations. “UN Rights Expert Exposes $1 Billion ‘Death Trade’ In Arms For Myanmar Military.” United Nations, May 17, 2023. https://www.ungeneva.org/en/news-media/news/2023/05/81150/un-rights-expert-exposes-1-billion-death-trade-arms-myanmar-military.UN News. “General Assembly Resolution Demands End to Russian Offensive in Ukraine.” March 2, 2022. https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/03/1113152.UN News. “Ukraine: General Assembly Passes Resolution Demanding Aid Access, By Large. Majority.” March 24, 2022. https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/03/1114632.UN News. “UN General Assembly Votes To Suspend Russia From The Human Rights Council.” 7. April 2022. https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/04/1115782.US Department of Defense. “Indo-Pacific strategy report: Preparedness, partnerships, and promoting. a networked region.” 2019. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/AD1082324.pdf.US Department of State. “US–Vietnam Comprehensive Partnership.” December 16, 2013. https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2013/218734.htm.US Department of State. “China Escalates Coercion Against Vietnam’s Longstanding Oil And Gas. Activity in The South China Sea.” August 26, 2019. https://www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/1943953/china-escalates-coercion-against-vietnams-longstanding-oil-and-gas-activity-in/US Department of State. “The Impact of Sanctions and Export Controls on The Russian Federation”. October 20, 2022. https://www.state.gov/the-impact-of-sanctions-and-export-controls-on-the-russian-federation/.US Mission to ASEAN. “Fact Sheet: Indo-Pacific Strategy of The United States.” March 31, 2022, https://asean.usmission.gov/fact-sheet-indo-pacific-strategy-of-the-united-states/.Widodo, Joko. “Stop The War.” Twitter, February 24, 2022, 8:43 PM. https://twitter.com/jokowi/status/1496828183143796740.Wisma Putra, “Statement by Yab Dato’ Sri Ismail Sabri Bin Yaakob Prime Minster of Malaysia.” Twitter, February 26, 2022, 1:19 PM. https://twitter.com/MalaysiaMFA/status/1497441156615274496.ZelenskyyUa, “Had the First Phone Call in the History of Bilateral Relations with President of the Philippines.” Twitter, February 13, 2023, 6:45 PM. https://twitter.com/ZelenskyyUa/status/1625083852132679680.Journal Articles:Abazov, Rafis. “Dialogue Between Russia and ASEAN.” International Affairs (Moscow) 45, 5–6 (1996): 88–90.Acharya, Amitav. “Will Asia’s Past Be Its Future?” International Security 28, no. 3 (2003): 149–164.Acharya, Amitav. “The Myth of ASEAN Centrality?” Contemporary Southeast Asia: A Journal of. International & Strategic Affairs 39, no. 2 (2017): 273–79.Ba, Alice D. “China and ASEAN: Reinvigorating Relations for a 21st Century Asia.” Asian Survey 43, no. 4 (2003): 622-647.Ba, Alice D. “China’s ‘Belt and Road’ in Southeast Asia: Constructing the Strategic Narrative in. Singapore.” Asian Perspective 43, no. 2 (2019): 249– 272.Beltran, Thelma L. “The Evolution of Philippine-Soviet Diplomatic and Trade Relations.” Contemporary Southeast Asia 10, no.2 (1988): 144-162.Bunthorn, Khath. “Small State Dilemma: Cambodia Between The ASEAN and China in the Indo-Pacific Context,” Journal of Liberty and International Affairs 8, no. 1 (02, 2022): 116-137.Buszynski, Leszek. “Russia and Southeast Asia: A New Relationship.” Contemporary Southeast Asia 28, no. 2 (August 2006): 276–96.Cima, Ronald J.“Vietnam in 1989: Initiating the Post-Cambodia Period.” Asian Survey 30, no. 1 (1990): 88–95.Chheang, Vannarith. "Cambodia’s Embrace of China’s Belt and Road Initiative: Managing. Asymmetries, Maximizing Authority." Asian Perspective 45, no. 2 (Spring, 2021): 375-396.Diao, Xinshen; Dorosh, Paul A.; Ellis, Mia; Pauw, Karl; Thurlow, James; and Smart, Jenny. “Cambodia: Impacts Of The Ukraine And Global Crises On Poverty And Food Security”. Global Crisis Country Brief 16 (2022). Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).Emmers, Ralf. “The Influence of the Balance of Power Factor within the ASEAN Regional Forum.” Contemporary Southeast Asia 23, no. 2 (2001): 275–91.Gabuev, Alexander. 2015. “A ‘Soft Alliance’? Russia–China Relations after the Ukraine Crisis”. European Council on Foreign Relations 126.Goh, Evelyn. “Great Powers and Southeast Asian Regional Security Strategies: Omni- Enmeshment, Balancing, and Hierarchical Order,” IDSS Working Paper, no. 84 (July 2005).Gong, Xue. 2020. “Non-traditional Security Cooperation between China and South-east Asia: Implications for Indo-Pacific Geopolitics.” International Affairs 96, no. 1: 29-48.Graham, Euan. “Energy competition in the South China Sea: A front-burner issue?” Australian Defence Force Journal 195 (2014): 84-86.Hiep, Le Hong. “Vietnam’s Hedging Strategy Against China Since Normalization,” Contemporary Southeast Asia, 35, no. 3(2013): 333–368.Jaafar, Fayyadh. “Malaysia Remains Neutral For Russia-Ukrainian War.” The Malaysia Reserve, July. 18, 2022. https://themalaysianreserve.com/2022/07/18/malaysia-remains-neutral-for-russia-ukrainian-war/.Kanaev, Evgeny, and Alexander Korolev. “Reenergizing the Russia-ASEAN Relationship: The. Eurasian Opportunity.” Asian Politics & Policy 10, No. 4 (2018): 732-751.Kang, David C. “Getting Asia Wrong: The Need For New Analytical Frameworks”. International. Security 27, no. 4 (2003): 57-85.Kobayashi, Yuka, and Josephine King. 2022. “Myanmar`s strategy in the China–Myanmar Economic. Corridor: A Failure in Hedging?” International Affairs 98, no. 3, (May): 1013-1032.Kuik, Cheng-Chwee. “How Do Weaker States Hedge? Unpacking ASEAN States’ Alignment Behavior. Towards China.” Journal of Contemporary China 25, no. 100 (2016): 500-514.Kuik, Cheng-Chwee. “The Essence of Hedging: Malaysia and Singapore’s responses to a rising China.” Contemporary Southeast Asia 30, no. 2 (2008): 159–185.Lake, David. “Anarchy, Hierarchy, and the Variety of International Relations.” International. Organization 50, no. 1(1996): 1-33.Li, Mingjiang. “The Belt and Road Initiative: Geo-economics and Indo-Pacific Security,” International Affairs 96, no. 1 (2020): 169-188.Lim, Darren and Zack Cooper. “Reassessing Hedging: The Logic of Alignment in East Asia.” Security. Studies 24, no. 4 (2015): 696-727.Lo, Bobo. “Russia’s Eastern Direction: Distinguishing the Real from the Virtual”. Russie. Nei. Reports. 17 (2014).Lutz-Auras, Ludmila. “Russia and Myanmar – Friends in Need?” Journal of Current Southeast Asian. Affairs 34, no. 2 (2015): 165-198.Manurung, Hendra. “The Impacts of Indonesia and Russia Trade Relations on Indonesia’s Maritime. Security,” Journal of International Studies 12, (2016), 1-17.Majid, Munir. “ASEAN: Seeing the Russian Invasion of Ukraine through a Glass Darkly,” LSE IDEAS. Strategic Update (May 2022).Martynova, Elena S. “Strengthening of Cooperation Between Russia and ASEAN: Rhetoric or. Reality?” Asian Politics & Policy 6, no. 3 (2014): 397–412.Medeiros, Evan S. 2005. Strategic Hedging and the Future of Asia Pacific Stability. The Washington. Quarterly 29, no. 1, 145–167.Miller, Robert H. “Cambodia: Lasting Key to Southeast Asia’s Stability.” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 18, no. 4 (1995): 317-323.Murphy, Ann Marie. “Ukraine War Highlights Differences Between Indonesian And US Foreign. Policy Frameworks.” East Asia Forum, August 5, 2022. https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2022/08/05/ukraine-war-highlights-differences-between-indonesian-and-u-s-foreign-policy-frameworks/.Nathan, K.S. “Malaysia and the Soviet Union: A Relationship with a Distance.” Asian Survey 27, no. 10 (1987): 1059-1073.Park, Jeo Jeok. 2011. “The US-led Alliances in the Asia-Pacific: Hedge against Potential Threats or. an Undesirable Multilateral Security Order?” The Pacific Review, 24, no. 2, 137–158.Reuveny, Rafael, and Heejoon Kang. “Bilateral Trade and Political Conflict/Cooperation: Do Goods. Matter?” Journal of Peace Research 35, no. 5 (1998): 581–602.Roy, Denny. 2005. “Southeast Asia and China: Balancing or Bandwagoning?” Contemporary. Southeast Asia 27, no. 2: 305-322.Strating, Rebecca. “Small Power Hedging in an Era of Great-power Politics: Southeast Asian. Responses to China’s Pursuit of Energy Security”, Asian Studies Review 44, no. 1 (2020): 97-116.Tran, Thi Bich. “Pathways for the United States and Vietnam to Establish A Strategic Partnership by. 2020.” Asia Pacific Bulletin, no. 482 (20 June, 2019).Tran, Thi Bich, and Yochiro Sato. “Vietnam’s Post-Cold War Hedging Strategy: A Changing Mix of. Realist and Liberal Ingredients.” Asian Politics and Policy 10, no. 1 (2018): 73–99.Tessman, Brock. 2012. “System Structure and State Strategy: Adding Hedging to the Menu.” Security. Studies 21, no. 2: 192-231.Rangsimaporn, Paradorn. “Russia’s Search for Influence in Southeast Asia.” Asian survey 49, no. 5. (2009): 786–808.Shekhar, Vibhanshu, “ASEAN’s responses to the rise of China: Deploying a hedging strategy.” China. Report 48, no. 3 (2012): 253–268.Tan, See Seng. 2020. “Consigned to Hedge: South-East Asia and America’s ‘Free and Open Indo-Pacific strategy.’” International Affairs 96, no. 1: 131-148.Wallace, Corey. 2018. “Leaving (North-East) Asia? Japan’s Southern Strategy.” International Affairs. 94, no. 4: 883-905.Zhao, Suisheng. 2008. “China’s global search for energy security: Cooperation and competition in. Asia– Pacific.” Journal of Contemporary China, 17(55), 207–227.News Articles:ABS-CBN News. “Philippines Warned Fuel Imports From Russia Risk Aiding Ukraine War.” ABS-CBN News, October 21, 2022. https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/10/21/22/ph-warned-fuel-imports-from-russia-risk-aiding-ukraine-war.AFP. “Myanmar Junta Says Russian Invasion Of Ukraine ‘Justified’.” Al Arabiya News, February 25, 2022. https://english.alarabiya.net/News/world/2022/02/25/Myanmar-junta-says-Russian-invasion-of-Ukraine-justified-.Al Jazeera. “Russian FM Lavrov on Visit to ‘long-standing partner’ Myanmar.” AlJazeera, August 3, 2022. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/8/3/russias-fm-lavrov-makes-official-visit-to-myanmar.Al Jazeera. “Russia’s War in Ukraine Challenges Old Comrades in Southeast Asia.” Al Jazeera, November 15, 2022. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/15/russias-war-in-ukraine-challenges-old-comrades-in-southeast-asia.Al Jazeera. “Singapore Economy Beats Estimates as Government Warns of Risks.” AlJazeera, May. 25, 2023. https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2023/5/25/singapore-economy-beats-estimates-as-government-warns-of-risks.Al Jazeera. “Ukraine Boots Political Ties in Southeast Asia With Peace Treaty.” Al Jazeera, November 10, 2022. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/10/ukraine-boosts-political-ties-in-southeast-asia-with-peace-treaty.Andres, Gabrielle. “Malaysia Bans Chicken Exports: What You Need To Know.” Channel News. Asia, May 24, 2022. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/malaysia-bans-chicken-exports-singapore-supply-price-consumers-2703071.Ang, Hwee Min. “Singapore Banks Have Limited Exposure To Russia; MAS Sends Reminder To. Manage Risks Amid Ukraine Crisis,” Channel News Asia, March 1, 2022. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/singapore-banks-limited-exposure-russia-dbs-uob-ocbc-mas-2528091AP News. “Distress In Singapore As Malaysia Bans Chicken Export.” AP News, May 31, 2022. https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-politics-global-trade-malaysia-4188e124f886aeea8549f3bb363b3d3bAyad, Pierre. “With International Army Games, Russia Tries to Show It’s Not ‘A Pariah State’.” France 24, August 23, 2022. https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20220823-what-russia-s-international-army-games-tell-us-about-the-war-in-ukraine.BBC News. “South China Sea: Vietnamese Hold Anti-Chinese Protest”. June 5, 2011. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-13661779Beltran, Michael. “Philippine Jeepney Drivers Strike Over Soaring Fuel Prices.” Nikkei Asia, March. 25, 2022. https://asia.nikkei.com/Economy/Philippine-jeepney-drivers-strike-over-soaring-fuel-prices.Borneo Bulletin. “ASEN Centrality Key to Regional Security, Says Deputy Minister.” Borneo Bulletin, May 30, 2023. https://borneobulletin.com.bn/asean-centrality-key-to-regional-security-says-deputy-minister/.Business Insider. “Growth Is Slowing In Indonesia And Events Thousands Of Miles Away Are. Playing A Part,” Business Insider, March 16, 2023. https://www.businessinsider.com/sc/the-economy-in-indonesia-is-being-affected-by-the-war-in-ukraine-2023.Chhengpor, Aun. “In Cambodia, Japan Digs in to Keep China’s Rise in Check.” VOA Cambodia, 11. May, 2019, https://www.voacambodia.com/a/in-cambodia-japan-digs-in-to-keep-china-rise-in-check/4912417.html.Christina, Bernadette and Fransiska Nangoy, “Indonesia President Declares End Of Palm Oil Export. Ban From Monday,” Reuters, May 19, 2022. https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/indonesia-mps-seek-palm-oil-export-ban-review-industry-warns-storage-2022-05-19/.CNA. “Amid Russia-Ukraine War, Small Countries Like Singapore Must Keep A Sober Mind And. Look Beyond Headlines: Shanmugam”, CNA, March 8, 2023. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/russia-ukraine-singapore-shanmugam-small-countries-regional-cooperation-rivalry-3333796.CNN Philippines Staff. “Defense Chief: PH ‘Neutral’ on Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine,” CNN. Philippines, February 25, 2022. http://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/2/25/Philippines-Ukraine-Russia-attack.html.Dara, Voun. “Putin Gives PM Friendship Medal.” The Phnom Penh Post, July 27, 2021. https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national-politics/putin-gives-pm-friendship-medal.Dominguez, Gabriel. “‘Ukraine Must Not Happen in Asia’: Defense Ministers Urge U.S.-China Talks.” The Japan Times, June 3, 2023. https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2023/06/03/asia-pacific/singapore-defense-minister-ng-eng-hen-china-us/.Duangdee, Vijitra. “Russians Make Thailand a Refuge as Ukraine War Enters Second Year.” AlJazeera, February 22, 2023. https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2023/2/22/russians-make-thailand-a-refuge-as-ukraine-war-enters-second-year.DW. “Russia: Putin Slams Sanctions in Pitch for New Global Order.” DW, September 7, 2022. https://www.dw.com/en/russia-vladimir-putin-slams-sanctions-in-pitch-for-new-global-order/a-63038600.DW. “Singapore Hosts Key Asia Defense Summit with Eye on Ukraine.” DW, June 2, 2023. https://www.dw.com/en/singapore-hosts-key-asia-defense-summit-with-eye-on-ukraine/a-65801537.EAC News. “Cambodia and Russia Military MOU Draft Nearly Completed.” EAC News, December. 15, 2022. https://eacnews.asia/home/details/17947.Ekawati, Arti. “Jokowi Visits Ukraine and Russia amid Global Food Crisis.” DW, June 29, 2022. https://www.dw.com/en/indonesia-jokowi-walks-tightrope-balancing-ties-with-russia-west/a-62396110.France 24. “Russia Backs Myanmar Junta’s Efforts to ‘Stabilize’ Country, Hold Elections.” France 24, August 3, 2022. https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220803-russia-backs-myanmar-junta-s-efforts-to-stabilise-country-hold-electionsFresh News. “Russia is Ready for Military Cooperation with Cambodia.” Fresh News, February 17, 2023. https://en.freshnewsasia.com/index.php/en/localnews/34806-2023-02-17-15-45-11.html.Ghoshal, Devjyot. “India-Russia Defence Firm Eyes $200 Mln Missile Deal With Indonesia.” Reuters, March 15, 2023. https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/india-russia-defence-firm-eyes-200-mln-missile-deal-with-indonesia-2023-03-15/.Goldenziel, Jill. “China Illegally Entered Vietnam’s Waters. Russia is Raising the Stakes.” May 30, 2022, Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/jillgoldenziel/2023/05/30/china-illegally-entered-vietnams-waters-russia-is-raising-the-stakes/?sh=47a59ce43f32.Guarascio, Francesco. “Exclusive: Czech Republic Looks To Supply Vietnam More Aircraft, Radars.” Reuters, April 24, 2023. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/czech-republic-looks-supply-vietnam-more-aircraft-radars-source-2023-04-24/.Guarascio, Francesco and Andrew Hayley, “Chinese Ships Ignore Vietnam Demand to Leave Area. Close to Russian-run Gas Fields.” Reuters, May 26, 2023. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/chinese-ships-ignore-vietnam-demand-leave-area-close-russian-run-gas-fields-2023-05-26/.Ha, Thi. “Fertilizer Imports From Russia Rise By 60 Percent.” VnExpress, July 13, 2022. https://e.vnexpress.net/news/industries/fertilizer-imports-from-russia-rise-by-60-percent-4487474.html.Hayton, Bill. “Vietnam Drills for Oil in South China Sea,” BBC News, July 5, 2017. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-40493277Hayton, Bill. “South China Sea: Vietnam’ Scraps New Oil Project”, BBC News, March 23, 2018, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-43507448Hoang, Lien. “Vietnamese Factories Go Idle As Orders From The West Slow.” Nikkei Asia, October. 18, 2022, https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Supply-Chain/Vietnamese-factories-go-idle-as-orders-from-the-West-slowHutt, David. “Why Southeast Asia Continues to Buy Russian Weapons.” DW, April 5, 2022, https://www.dw.com/en/why-southeast-asia-continues-to-buy-russian-weapons/a-61364950Inocencio, Syrah Vivien. “Marcos: Russia-Ukraine War ‘Unacceptable’,” CNN Philippines, November 19, 2022. https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/11/19/Marcos-Russia-Ukraine-war--unacceptable-.html.Interfax. “Philippines Suggest Forming Joint Ventures with Russia for Processing Agricultural. Products – Agroexport.” Interfax, June 22, 2023. https://interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/91715/.Kang, Sothear. “Cambodia Urges Russian Firms To Import Agricultural Product,” Khmer Times, April 11, 2023. https://www.khmertimeskh.com/501271300/cambodia-urges-russian-firms-to-import-agricultural-product/.Kapoor, Kanupriya. “Indonesia Proposes Demilitarized Zone, UN Referendum for Ukraine Peace. Plan,” Reuters, June 3, 2022. https://www.reuters.com/world/indonesia-proposes-demilitarised-zone-un-referendum-ukraine-peace-plan-2023-06-03/.Khmer Times. “Outcomes of 19th ASEAN-Russia Senior Officials’ Meeting,” May 1, 2023. Khmer. Times, https://www.khmertimeskh.com/501282202/outcomes-of-19th-asean-russia-senior-officials-meeting/.Kimseng Men,“Cambodian Leader Defends UN Vote on Ukraine Invasion”, VOA News, 3 March, 2022, https://www.voanews.com/a/cambodian-leader-defends-un-vote-on-ukraine-invasion-/6469158.html.KOMPAS.com. “Indonesia Drops Plans To Acquire Russian Su-35 Fighter Jets Due To Budget. Concern.” KOMPAS.com, December 22, 2021. https://go.kompas.com/read/2021/12/22/231631974/indonesia-drops-plans-to-acquire-russian-su-35-fighter-jets-due-to-budget-concern.Koemsoeun, Soth. “Strong Commitment: Cambodia Pushing for Ukraine to be ASEAN Dialogue. Partner,” Khmer Times, May 31, 2023. https://www.khmertimeskh.com/501299127/strong-commitment-cambodia-pushing-for-ukraine-to-be-asean-dialogue-partner/.Lao News Agency. “United Russia Party Chairman Visits Laos.” Lao New Agency, May 24, 2023. https://kpl.gov.la/En/detail.aspx?id=73260.Lim, Min Zhang. “Singapore Will Impose Export Controls On Item That Can Be Used As Weapons. In Ukraine: Vivian Balakrishnan.” The Straits Times, March 5, 2022. https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-will-impose-export-controls-on-items-that-can-be-used-as-weapons-in-ukraine-vivianLisbet Esmael. “IMF Hikes PH Growth Outlook For 2023 to 6%.” CNN Philippines, April 12, 2023. http://www.cnnphilippines.com/business/2023/4/12/IMF-PH-economy-forecast-2023.html.Long, Nguyen. “Russia Sees Vietnam as Regional Key Business Partner: Russian Deputy PM.” The. Investor, April 7, 2023. https://theinvestor.vn/russia-sees-vietnam-as-regional-key-business-partner-russian-deputy-pm-d4435.html.Maulia, Erwida. “Jokowi Says Putin Agrees to Sea Route for Ukraine Wheat Exports.” Nikkei Asia, June 30, 2022. https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Ukraine-war/Jokowi-says-Putin-agrees-to-sea-route-for-Ukraine-wheat-exports.Maulia, Erwida. “Russia Pitches Use of Local Currencies in Appeal to ASEAN.” Nikkei Asia, July. 13, 2023. https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/Russia-pitches-use-of-local-currencies-in-appeal-to-ASEAN.Mendelson, Allegra. “ ‘Stronger Together’: Myanmar, Russia Parade Military Relatonship.” AlJazeera, March 27, 2022. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/27/holdstronger-togethermyanmarrussiaparademilitary-relationship.Mercado, Neil Arwin. “Marcos on Ukraine-Russia Conflict: ‘No Need to Make A Stand.’’ INQUIRERE.net, March 1, 2022. https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1561904/marcos-on-ukraine-russia-conflict-no-need-to-make-a-stand.Mi, Tra. “Japan Donates 2 More Patrol Boats to Vietnam Amid S. China Sea Tensions.” VOA, November 3, 2015. https://www.voanews.com/a/japan-donates-patrol-boats-to-vietnam-south-china-sea-tensions/3035300.html.Minh, Duc. “Russia Calls Vietnam Leading Partner In Southeast Asia.” April 6, 2023, VnExpress, https://e.vnexpress.net/news/economy/russia-calls-vietnam-leading-partner-in-southeast-asia-4590454.html.Mizzima. “Myanmar Exporting Hundreds Of Tons Of Fisheries Products To Russia.” November 17, 2022. https://mizzima.com/article/myanmar-exporting-hundreds-tons-fisheries-products-russia.Mollman, Steve. “The South China Sea’s Untapped Oil and Natural Gas Are Back in Focus.” Quartz, 25 July, 2017. https://qz.com/1037896/south-china-seas-untapped-oil-and-natural-gas-back-in-focusMyanmar Now. “Russia and Myanmar Junta to Host ASEAN Counter-Terrorism Exercises.” Myanmar Now, June 22, 2023. https://myanmar-now.org/en/news/russia-and-myanmar-junta-to-host-asean-counter-terrorism-exercises-despite-boycott-by-dialogue-partners/.Nangoy, Fransiska. “Indonesia Bans Palm Oil Exports As Global Food Inflation Spikes.” Reuters, April 24, 2022. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/indonesia-ban-palm-oil-exports-shore-up-supply-soyoil-futures-surge-2022-04-22/.Narayan, Mohi and Matthew Chye, “Singapore Imports of Russian Naphtha Surge as EU Ban Shifts. Flows.” Reuters, April 6, 2023. https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/singapore-imports-russian-naphtha-surge-eu-ban-shifts-flows-2023-04-06/.Nirmala, Ronna; Tria Dianti and Shailaja Neelakantan. “Indonesia, Singapore Condemn Russian. Invasion Of Ukraine,” RFA, February 24, 2022. https://www.rfa.org/english/news/vietnam/ukraine-reaction-02242022171344.html.Niseiy, Sao Phal. “Cambodia Calls for Peaceful Solution to Ukraine Crisis.” Cambodianess, February 25, 2022. https://cambodianess.com/article/cambodia-calls-for-peaceful-solution-to-ukraine-crisis.Nguyen, Duy. “Vietnam-Russia Strategic Partnership: 20 Years And Prospect.” Hanoi Times, April 6, 2021. https://hanoitimes.vn/vietnam-russia-strategic-partnership-20-years-and-prospect-316918.htmlNguyen, Mai and My Pham. “Japan Pledges Boats to Vietnam as China Dispute Simmers.” Reuters, January 16, 2017. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-vietnam-japan-idUSKBN15015O.NPR. “U.S. Aircraft Carrier Visits Vietnam for the First Time since the War.” March 4, 2018, https://www.npr.org/2018/03/04/590670170/u-s-aircraft-carrier-visits-vietnam-for-the-first-time-since-the-war.Paul, Amrita, “Laos, Russia Kickstart Counter-Terror Drills for Laros 2022.” The Laotian Times, November 30, 2022. https://laotiantimes.com/2022/11/30/laos-russia-kickstart-counter-terror-drills-for-laros-2022/.Parrocha, Azer. “PH’s Helicopter Deal With Russia Won’t Carry Through: PBBM.” Philippine News. Agency, October 20, 2022. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1186665.Parrocha, Azer. “Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine Deserves ‘Condemnation’: PRRD.” Philippine News. Agency, April 12, 2022. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1172124.Phaicharoen, Nontarat, and Wilawan Watcharasakwet. “At Bilateral Meet, Japanese, Thai PMs Urge. End to War in Ukraine,” RFA, May 2, 2022. https://www.rfa.org/english/news/vietnam/japan-ukraine-05022022183801.htmlPhea, Kin. “65 Years of Cambodia-Russia Relations: An Overview.” The Phnom Penh Post, 13 May, 2021. https://www.phnompenhpost.com/opinion/65-years-cambodia-russia-relations-overview.Phonevilay, Latsamy. “Laos To Seek Oil From Russia.” The Laotian Times, May 7, 2022. https://laotiantimes.com/2022/05/07/laos-to-seek-oil-from-russia/.Pisei, Hin. “Int’t Trade Rises As Commerce Ministry Lays Out 2023 Plans.” The Phnom Penh Post, January 31, 2023. https://www.phnompenhpost.com/business/intl-trade-rises-commerce-ministry-lays-out-2023-plans.PNA. “Dating Back 200 Years Ago: The Old PH-Russia Ties.” PNA, June 1, 2019. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1071240.Prachatai. “Thai Military Attends Planning Meeting for Myanmar-Russia Military Exercises Despite. Sanctions.” Prachatai English, June 26, 2023. https://prachataienglish.com/node/10441.Reuters. “Cambodia PM Condemns Russian Invasion of Ukraine.” Reuters, March 28, 2022. https://www.reuters.com/world/cambodia-pm-condemns-russian-invasion-ukraine-2022-03-28/.Reuters. “G20 Host Indonesia Says Putin May Seek To Join Summit Virtually.” Reuters, November 8, 2022. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/g20-host-indonesia-has-strong-impression-putin-will-skip-bali-summit-ft-2022-11-08/.Reuters. “Indonesia Kicks Off Multilateral Naval Exercise amid Asia-Pacific Tension.” Reuters, June. 5, 2023. https://www.reuters.com/world/indonesia-kicks-off-multilateral-naval-exercise-amid-asia-pacific-tension-2023-06-05/.Reuters. “Myanmar Junta Chief Makes Another Visit To Russia.” Reuters, September 5, 2022. https://www.reuters.com/world/myanmar-junta-chief-makes-another-visit-russia-2022-09-05/.Reuters. “Malaysia Signs $2.3 Billion in Defence Deals at Biennial Fair.” Reuters, May 25, 2023. https://www.reuters.com/article/malaysia-defence-idINL4N37M237.Reuters, “PetroVietnam Says Ukraine-Russia Crisis May Impact New Oil Drilling.” Reuters, March. 10, 2023. https://www.reuters.com/article/vietnam-energy-idUSL3N2VD1FA.Reuters. “Russia Fuel Oil Heading East As EU Embargo Takes Hold.” Reuters, February 6, 2023. https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/russia-fuel-oil-heading-east-eu-embargo-takes-hold-2023-02-06/.Reuters. “Russia Invades Ukraine: Political, Military Leaders’ Reactions.” Reuters, February 24, 2022. https://www.reuters.com/markets/europe/leaders-key-quotes-after-russia-invades-ukraine-2022-02-24/.Reuters. “Russia March Fuel Oil Exports To Singapore And Malaysia Hit Record-Traders, Data.” Reuters, March 29, 2023. https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/russia-march-fuel-oil-exports-singapore-malaysia-hit-record-traders-data-2023-03-29/Reuters. “Russia, Southeast Asia Conclude First Joint Naval Exercise.” Reuters, December 4, 2021. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/russia-southeast-asia-conclude-first-joint-naval-exercise-2021-12-04/.Reuters. “Russia Says It Will Deepen Defence Cooperation With Myanmar.” Reuters, July 13, 2022, https://www.reuters.com/world/russia-says-it-will-deepen-defence-cooperation-with-myanmar-2022-07-12/.Reuters. “U.S. Delivers More Patrol Boats to Vietnam amid Deepening Security Ties.” Reuters, April. 1, 2019. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-vietnam-idUSKCN1RD1YAReuters. “Vietnam Demands Chinese Ship Leave Its Exclusive Economic Zone.” Reuters, May 25, 2023. https://www.reuters.com/world/china/vietnam-demands-chinese-ship-leave-its-exclusive-economic-zone-2023-05-25/.RFA. “Myanmar’s Junta Leader Heaps Praise On Putin At Meeting In Russia.” RFA, September 7, 2022. https://www.rfa.org/english/news/myanmar/myanmar-junta-leader-putin-09072022054527.html.RFA. “Vietnam Hosts Its First International Defense Expo.” RFA, December 8, 2022. https://www.rfa.org/english/news/vietnam/vietnam-defense-expo-12082022030531.html.RFA. “Vietnam Says It Discussed Army Games with Russia, Not Military Drills,” RFA, April 25, 2022. https://www.rfa.org/english/news/vietnam/russia-military-04252022134026.html.RFA. “Russia Says Military Drills Planned With Vietnam.” RFA, April 19, 2022. https://www.rfa.org/english/news/vietnam/russia-military-04192022132730.html.RFA Burmese, “Myanmar Junta Chief Calls For Improved Ties In Talks With Russian Defense. Ministry.” RFA Burmese, July 13, 2022. https://www.rfa.org/english/news/myanmar/ties-07132022202624.html.RFA Burmese, “Myanmar Junta Opens ‘Nuclear Information Center’ in Yangon with Russia’s. Rosatom.” RFA Burmese, February 8, 2023. https://www.rfa.org/english/news/myanmar/nuclear-02082023170437.html.Salna, Karlis and Arys Aditya, “Trump Threat Spurred Indonesia To Drop Russia, China Arms. Deals.” Bloomberg, March 12, 2020, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-12/trump-threat-spurred-indonesia-to-drop-russia-china-arms-deals.Saruga, Tsubasa. “Laos President: Sanction, Embargoes ‘Will Not Make World A Better Place’”. Nikkei Asia, May 27, 2022. https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/The-Future-of-Asia/The-Future-of-Asia-2022/Laos-president-Sanctions-embargoes-will-not-make-world-a-better-place.Sauer, Pjotr. “Myanmar Junta Imported $15M Worth Of Russian Radar Equipment In February.” The. Moscow Times, June 21, 2021. https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/04/20/myanmar-junta-imported-15m-worth-of-russian-radar-equipment-in-february-a73672Simeon, Louise Maureen. “Philippine Exports Vulnerable To Russia-Ukraine War.” Philstar, May 9, 2022. https://www.philstar.com/business/2022/05/09/2179636/philippine-exports-vulnerable-russiaukraine-war.Sochan, Ry. “Cambodia Rejects Meddling in Ukraine ‘Proxy War’: Hun Sen.” The Phnom Penh. Post, March 3, 2022. https://asianews.network/cambodia-rejects-meddling-in-ukraine-proxy-war-hun-sen/.Sochan, Ry. “No Neutrality in Ukraine Row.” The Phnom Penh Post, March 28, 2022, https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national-politics/pm-no-neutrality-ukraine-row.Sochan, Ry. “Will Russia’s Putin Attend Dual ASEAN Summits?” The Phnom Penh Post, November. 1, 2022. https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national-politics/will-russias-putin-attend-dual-asean-summits.Subhani, Ovais. “Indirect Exposure to Russia-Ukraine War Poses Key Risks to Singapore Economy, MAS Says.” The Straits Times, April 28, 2022. https://www.straitstimes.com/business/economy/indirect-exposure-to-russia-ukraine-war-are-key-risks-to-singapore-economy-says-mas.Tamayo, Bernadette E. “PH a ‘Significant Partner’- Russian Envoy.” The Manila Times, June 10, 2023. https://www.manilatimes.net/2023/06/10/news/national/ph-a-significant-partner-russian-envoy/1895398.Tan, Su-Lin. “G-20 Meeting Ends Without Full Consensus; Food Security and Inflation Top Agenda. At Bali Meeting.” CNBC, July 17, 2022. https://www.cnbc.com/2022/07/17/g20-no-full-consensus-food-security-inflation-ukraine-war-top-agenda.html.Tang, See Kit. “Singapore Maintains 2023 GDP Forecast at 0.5% to 2.5%, After Economy Grew. 3.6% Last Year.” Channel News Asia. February 13, 2023. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/mti-singapore-economy-2023-maintain-gdp-forecast-3273471.TASS. “Cambodia Looks Forward to Expanding Military Cooperation with Russia, Says Top Brass.” TASS, August 16, 2022. https://tass.com/world/1494397.TASS. “Eighth International Army Games to Get Rolling Aug 13.” TASS, August 12, 2022. https://tass.com/defense/1492957.TASS. “Eight International Military Exercises to Take Place at Russian Training Ranges in 2023,” TASS, January 1, 2023. https://tass.com/defense/1558379.TASS. “Laos, Russia Kick Off Laros 2022 Joint Counter-Terror Drills.” TASS, November 29, 2022. https://tass.com/defense/1543009.TASS. “Lavrov, Vietnamese Foreign Minister Discuss Economic Problems Caused by US and. Allies.” TASS, July 6, 2022. https://tass.com/politics/1476317.TASS, “Lavrov to Have Talks with Visiting Thai Counterpart on September 5-6 - Foreign Ministry.” TASS, September 5, 2022. https://tass.com/politics/1502919.TASS, “Medvedev Arrives in Hanoi for Talks with Vietnamese Leadership.” TASS, May 22, 2023, https://tass.com/politics/1620817.TASS. “Putin Not Go To East Asia Summit, Says Kremlin Spokesman.” TASS, November 7, 2023. https://tass.com/politics/1533227.TASS. “Russia Ready to Meet Fertilizer Demand of Friendly States – Putin.” TASS, July 1, 2022. https://tass.com/economy/1474159.TASS. “Russia Seeking to Develop Military-Technical Cooperation with Brunei – Defense Official.” TASS, August 15, 2022. https://tass.com/politics/1493597.TASS. “Russia To Continue Cooperation With ASEAN, Focus On Trade Turnover Diversification.” TASS, January 24, 2022. https://tass.com/economy/1566363.TASS. “Russia’s Top Security Official Meets With Peers from Laos, Brunei, Burundi, Philippines,” TASS, May 23, 2023. https://tass.com/defense/1621561.Teng, Yalirozy. “Cambodia Backs UN Vote On Russia’s Ukraine Annexation.” Cambodianess, October 13, 2022. https://cambodianess.com/article/cambodia-backs-un-vote-on-russias-ukraine-annexation.Terazono, Emiko. “Russian Fertiliser Export Revenue Surged 70% In 2022 As Prices Jumped.” Financial Times, January 15, 2023. https://www.ft.com/content/c10bcdb9-d01d-4a01-a4a1-38736e263a1e.Thai PBS World. “Cambodia Offers To Host Russia-Ukraine Talks During ASEAN Summit.” Thai. PBS World, November 1, 2022. https://www.thaipbsworld.com/cambodia-offers-to-host-russia-ukraine-talks-during-asean-summit/.Thai PBS World. “Thailand Will Not Rush to Condemn Russia over Ukraine, Says Foreign Minister. Don.” Thai PBS World, March 1, 2022. https://www.thaipbsworld.com/thailand-will-not-rush-to-condemn-russia-over-ukraine-says-foreign-minister-don/.Thanh, Dat. “Fertilizer Seen Becoming Billion-Dollar Export Earner.” The Saigon Times, November. 23, 2022. https://english.thesaigontimes.vn/fertilizer-seen-becoming-billion-dollar-export-earner/.The Irrawaddy. “A Timeline Of Russia’s Relations With Myanmar Junta Since The Coup.” The. Irrawaddy, February 15, 2023. https://www.irrawaddy.com/specials/a-timeline-of-russias-relations-with-myanmar-junta-since-the-coup.html.The Irrawaddy. “Myanmar Regime Chief Meets Russian Trade Delegation.” The Irrawaddy, March. 15, 2023. https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/myanmar-regime-chief-meets-russian-trade-delegation.html.The Irrawaddy, “Myanmar Regime, Russia Sign Nuclear Cooperation ‘Roadmap’.” The Irrawaddy, September 7, 2022. https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/myanmar-regime-russia-sign-nuclear-cooperation-roadmap.html.The Moscow Times. “Myanmar Buys Diesel Fuel From Russia, Junta Chief Says.” The Moscow. Times, September 7, 2022. https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/09/07/myanmar-buys-diesel-fuel-from-russia-junta-chief-says-a78732.The Moscow Times. “Russia, Southeast Asian States Kick Off First Naval Drills Off Indonesia.” The. Moscow Times, December 1, 2021. https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/12/01/russia-southeast-asian-states-kick-off-first-naval-drills-off-indonesia-a75712.The Nation Thailand. “Thai Exporters Starting To Feel The Pinch Of War And Rising Economic. Woes: TCC.” The Nation Thailand, June 1, 2022. https://www.nationthailand.com/business/40016194.The Nation Thailand. “Ukraine War Blows Huge Hole in Thai Exports to Russia.” The Nation. Thailand, February 21, 2023. https://www.nationthailand.com/thailand/economy/40025063.The Phnom Penh Post. “Cambodia Joins UN In Resolution On Russia.” The Phnom Penh Post, October 13, 2022. https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national-politics/cambodia-joins-un-resolution-russia.The Star. “Malaysia Abstains in Vote to Suspend Russia from UN Rights Council.” The Star, April 8, 2022. https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2022/04/08/malaysia-abstains-from-voting-to-suspend-russia-from-un-human-rights-council.The Star. “M’sia, Russia Set To Ink MoU For Bilateral Trade.” The Star, February 1, 2023. https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2023/02/01/msia-russia-set-to-ink-mou-for-bilateral-trade.The Star. “Semiconductor Sector Likely To Slowdown In 2023: MSIA.” The Star, January 16, 2023. https://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2023/01/16/semiconductor-sector-likely-to-slowdown-in-2023-msia.The Straits Times. “Malaysia Mulls Purchasing Russian Grain To Produce Animal Feed – Mohamad. Sabu.” The Straits Times, May 20, 2023. https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2023/05/911547/malaysia-mulls-purchasing-russian-grain-produce-animal-feed-mohamad-sabu.The Straits Times. “Vietnam Shifts Gears on Arms Trade As It loosens Ties with Russia.” The Straits Times, December 8, 2022. https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/vietnam-shifts-gears-on-arms-trade-as-it-loosens-ties-with-russia.Trompiz, Gus. “Food Prices Hir Record High In March, U.N. Agency Says.” Reuters, April 8, 2022. https://www.reuters.com/world/food-prices-surge-new-record-high-march-un-agency-says-2022-04-08/.Varley, Kevin. “Malaysia Records Trade Surplus For 25th Consecutive Year.” Bloomberg News, January 18, 2023. https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/malaysia-records-trade-surplus-for-25th-consecutive-year-1.1871477.Visapra, Phontham. “Russia’s Dmitry Medvedev in Laos for High-Level Meetings.” The Laotian. Times, May 23, 2023. https://laotiantimes.com/2023/05/23/russian-vice-president-dmitry-medvedev-in-laos-for-high-level-meetings/.Viet Nam News. “First International Defence Expo in Viet Nam Begins December 8.” Viet Nam. News, November 25, 2022. https://vietnamnews.vn/politics-laws/1398397/first-international-defence-expo-in-viet-nam-begins-december-8.html.VNA. “Vietnam Ranks Fifth at Army Games 2022.” VietnamPlus, August 28, 2022. https://en.vietnamplus.vn/vietnam-ranks-fifth-at-army-games-2022/236404.vnp.VnEconomy. “Vietnam & Russia Target $10bln In Two-Way Trade By 2025.” VnEconomy, April 18, 2023. https://vneconomy.vn/vietnam-russia-target-10bln-in-two-way-trade-by-2025.htm.VOA Burmese Service. “Myanmar’s Military Council Supports Russia’s Invasion Of Ukraine.” VOA, February 25, 2022. https://www.voanews.com/a/myanmar-s-military-council-supports-russia-s-invasion-0f-ukraine/6458527.html.Walker, Tommy. “Thousands Of Russians Flee To Thailand To Escape War.” VOA News, February. 25, 2023. https://www.voanews.com/a/thousands-of-russians-flee-to-thailand-to-escape-war-/6979011.htmlYamamoto, Yuji. “Indonesia Shakes Palm Oil Market Again, Eyeing Biodiesel Over Exports.” Nikkei Asia, February 8, 2023. https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Markets/Commodities/Indonesia-shakes-palm-oil-market-again-eyeing-biodiesel-over-exports.Yeung Jessie, Darya Tarasova and Alex Stambaugh. “Putin and Xi Meet Against Backdrop of Growing. Crises for Both Leaders,” CNN, 30 Dec, 2022. https://edition.cnn.com/2022/12/30/asia/china-xi-russia-putin-video-meeting-intl-hnk/index.html.Zan, Hein Htoo. “Russia Uses Myanmar Pipeline To Transport Oil To China.” The Irrawaddy, April. 28, 2023. https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/the-world-myanmar/russia-uses-myanmar-pipeline-to-transport-oil-to-china.html.Zhabina, Alena. “Will Russian Aid For Myanmar Give Moscow An Asian Foothold?” DW, February. 8, 2023, https://www.dw.com/en/will-russian-support-for-myanmar-give-moscow-an-asian-foothold/a-64644348.Zulkifli, Ahmad Mustakim. “Russian Defence Products Missing from Lima 2023.” Malaysia Now, June 29, 2023. https://www.malaysianow.com/news/2023/05/26/russian-defence-products-missing-from-lima-2023.Online Articles:AMRO Asia. “Brunei Darussalem Benefiting From Fuller Economic Re-Opening And Higher. Energy Prices,” AMRO Asia, January 13, 2023. https://www.amro-asia.org/brunei-darussalam-benefiting-from-fuller-economic-re-opening-and-higher-energy-prices/.Bitzinger, A. Richard. “The Russia-Ukraine War: Lessons for Southeast Asia,” Nanyang Technological University Singapore, January 13, 2023. https://www.rsis.edu.sg/rsis-publication/idss/ip23008-the-russia-ukraine-war-lessons-for-southeast-asia/#.ZFDCwOxBwR5.Centre For Strategic and Policy Studies. “Brunei Economic Outlook 2023” Centre for Strategic and Policy Studies, February 2023, http://www.csps.org.bn/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Brunei-Economic-Outlook-2023.pdf.Centre For Strategic and Policy Studies. “Brunei Economic Update,” Centre for Strategic and Policy Studies, August 2022. http://www.csps.org.bn/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Brunei-Economic-Update-August-2022.pdf.Chheang, Vannarith. “Cambodia Hedges.” East Asia Forum, 13 September, 2022. https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2022/09/13/cambodia-hedges/.DBS. “DBS Asian Insights Forum: As Char OF ASEAN Summit 2023, Indonesia Could Turbocharge. Southeast Asia’s Economy.” DBS, March 13, 2023. https://www.dbs.com/newsroom/DBS_Asian_Insights_Forum__As_Chair_of_ASEAN_Summit_2023_Indonesia_could_turbocharge_Southeast_Asia_economyDevonshire-Ellis, Chris. “ASEAN’s Trade Relations with Russia.” ASEAN Briefing, September 6, 2022. https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/aseans-trade-relations-with-russia/.Efimova, Larisa M. “Soviet Policy in Indonesia during the ‘Liberal Democracy’ Period, 1950-1959.” Wilson Center. Accessed July 1, 2023. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/soviet-policy-indonesia-during-the-liberal-democracy-period-1950-1959.Gardner, Tony and Ylva Rylander, “Indonesia Makes Progress Towards Zero Palm Oil Deforestation. - But Gains In Forest Protection Are Fragile.” Stockholm Environment Institute, September 15, 2022. https://www.sei.org/featured/zero-palm-oil-deforestation/.Glauber, Joseph, David Laborde and Abdullah Mamun. “The Impact Of The Ukraine Crisis On The. Global Vegetable Oil Market.” International Food Policy Research Institute, May 3, 2022. https://www.ifpri.org/blog/impact-ukraine-crisis-global-vegetable-oil-marketGref, German. “Russia And Southeast Asia: Commitment To Cooperation,” RIA Novosti [Russian. Information Agency News]. May 23, 2007.Hayton, Bill. “ASEAN is Slowly Finding Its Voice over Ukraine.” Chatham House, March 4, 2022, https://www.chathamhouse.org/2022/03/asean-slowly-finding-its-voice-over-ukraine.Hayton, Bill. “China’s Intimidation Exposes Vietnam’s Lack of Deterrence.” Chatham House. 26 April, 2018. https://www.almendron.com/tribuna/chinas-intimidation-exposes-vietnams-lack-of-deterrence/.Ian Storey, “The War in Ukraine: Camodia’s Surprisingly Hard-line Stand”, FULCRUM, 25 May, 2022. https://fulcrum.sg/the-war-in-ukraine-cambodias-surprisingly-hard-line-stand/.IEA. “Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2019.” IEA, October 2019. https://www.iea.org/reports/southeast-asia-energy-outlook-2019.IEA. “Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2022.” IEA, May 2022. https://www.iea.org/reports/southeast- asia-energy-outlook-2022/key-findings.Kuik, Cheng-Chwee, “Hedging in Post-Pandemic Asia: What, How, and Why?” Asan Forum 8, no.5. 2020. https://theasanforum.org/hedging-in-post-pandemic-asia-what-how-and-why/.Lee, Kare and Gregory B. Poling. “The Latest On Southeast Asia: March 2, 2023,” CSIS Blogs. March 2, 2023. https://www.csis.org/blogs/latest-southeast-asia/latest-southeast-asia-march-2-2023.Maybank. “War and Sanctions: The Collateral Damage on ASEAN.” Maybank, March 8, 2022. https://mkefactsettd.maybank-ke.com/PDFS/254961.pdf.Mathieu, Hans. “Indonesia: A new Mediator between Russia and Ukraine?” IPS Journal, July 8, 2022. https://www.ips-journal.eu/topics/foreign-and-security-policy/indonesia-a-new-mediator-between-russia-and-ukraine-6052/.Rosoboronexport. “Cooperation with Malaysia.” Rosoboronexport, 2023. https://roe.ru/eng/export/malayziya/.Saha, Premesha. “The Ongoing Russia-Ukraine Conflict: Impact On Southeast Asia.” ORF, March. 11, 2023. https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/the-ongoing-russia-ukraine-conflict-impact-on-southeast-asia/.Samavong, Chanhsy and Buavanh Vilavong, “Laos Must Address Rising Inflation In 2023.” East. Asia Forum, February 1, 2023. https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2023/02/01/laos-must-address-rising-inflation-in-2023/.SKRINE. “The European Union is Cracking Down on the Circumvention on Its Sanctions Against. Russia: Why Any Company in Malaysia Should Take Note of the European Union’s Latest Sanctions Package.” June 28, 2023. https://www.skrine.com/insights/alerts/june-2023/the-european-union-is-cracking-down-on-the-circumv.Storey, Ian. “The Russia-Ukraine War And Its Potential Impact On Russia’s Arms Sales To Southeast. Asia.” FULCRUM, May 6, 2022. https://fulcrum.sg/the-russia-ukraine-war-and-its-potential-impact-on-russias-arms-sales-to-southeast-asia/.Thiha, Amara and James Crabtree. “Myanmar’s Twin Objectives in Drawing Closer to Russia.” IISS, September 15, 2022. https://www.iiss.org/online-analysis/online-analysis/2022/09/myanmars-twin-objectives-in-drawing-closer-to-russia/.Yanovsky, Oleg. “Russia Looks East To Trade.” East Asia Forum, 9 May 2023. https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2023/05/09/russia-looks-east-to-trade/.Online Databases:Our World In Data. “Trade As Share Of GDP, 1960 to 2020,” Our World In Data, 2023. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/trade-as-share-of-gdp?country=VNM~HKG~SGP.Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. “SIPRI Arms Transfers Database.” March 14, 2022. https://www.sipri.org/databases/armstransfers.United Nations. “UN Comtrade Database.” 2022. https://comtradeplus.un.org/. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際研究英語碩士學位學程(IMPIS)
110862008資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110862008 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 林永芳 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Lin, Yung-Fang en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 鄧詠中 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Tang, Wing-Chung Ivy en_US dc.creator (作者) 鄧詠中 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Tang, Wing-Chung Ivy en_US dc.date (日期) 2023 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Sep-2023 16:14:23 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Sep-2023 16:14:23 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Sep-2023 16:14:23 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0110862008 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/147241 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國際研究英語碩士學位學程(IMPIS) zh_TW dc.description (描述) 110862008 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 俄烏戰爭反映俄羅斯與東協成員不同戰略願景。此研究探討俄烏戰爭背景下，東協與俄羅斯關係，東協國家外交、經濟及軍事避險級別分為高、中及低三級。俄烏戰爭仍持續，此研究集中探討俄烏戰爭開始至2023年6月期間，東協與俄羅斯關係。新加坡及緬甸避險程度為低，預料新加坡將維持其強硬立場及制裁俄羅斯；緬甸則繼續與俄羅斯保持密切關係。預料柬埔寨將繼續提供排雷訓練予烏克蘭，並與俄羅斯探討軍事合作。越南與俄羅斯的經濟連繫，或受中國船隻進入越俄合資天然氣區塊事件影響。預料越南、菲律賓及馬來西亞將分散武器來源；汶萊將與俄羅斯發展更緊密軍事合作；寮國、泰國及印尼將與俄羅斯發展更緊密經濟關係。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) The Russia-Ukraine war illustrates the different strategic visions of Russia and ASEAN members. This research studies ASEAN-Russia relations in the context of the Russia-Ukraine war, the hedging levels of ASEAN states in diplomatic, economic and military aspects are divided into three categories: high, medium and low. While the Russia-Ukraine war is still on going, this study focuses on ASEAN-Russia relations since the outbreak of war till June 2023. The hedging levels of Singapore and Myanmar were low, it is predicted that Singapore will continue its strong stand and sanctions towards Russia; Myanmar will remain close to Russia. Cambodia will continue to support Ukraine through deminer training and discuss military cooperation with Russia. Vietnam’s economic ties with Russia may be hindered, due to China’s incursions into Russian-operated gas fields jointly operated with Vietnam. Vietnam, Philippines and Malaysia will diversify the sources of weapons; Brunei will develop closer military cooperation with Russia; whereas Laos, Thailand, Indonesia will develop closer economic relations with Russia. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents CHAPTER 1. Introduction 11.1 Research Background and Question 11.2 Literature Review 41.3 Research Theory and Method 281.4 Research Scope and Limitation 301.5 Outline of the Thesis 30CHAPTER 2. ASEAN-Russia Relations in the Context of Russia-Ukraine War: Diplomatic Aspect 332.1 Highlighting Divisions Among ASEAN States 332.2 Individual ASEAN Member States’ Reponses 402.3 Conclusion 53CHAPTER 3. ASEAN-Russia Relations in the Context of Russia-Ukraine War: Economic Aspect 553.1 Economic Sanctions, Energy Aspects & Trade Relations 563.2 ASEAN Member States’ Economic Situations 643.3 Conclusion 85CHAPTER 4. ASEAN-Russia Relations in the Context of Russia-Ukraine War: Military Aspect 874.1 ASEAN Member States’ Military Relations with Russia 874.2 Conclusion 101CHAPTER 5. Conclusion 1035.1 Findings 1035.2 Implications 110BIBLIOGRAPHY 112APPENDIX Chronology: Development of ASEAN-Russia Relations 143 zh_TW dc.format.extent 1549821 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110862008 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 俄羅斯 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 俄烏戰爭 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 東協 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 東協-俄羅斯 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 避險 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Russia en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Russia-Ukraine war en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) ASEAN en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) ASEAN-Russia en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) hedging en_US dc.title (題名) 俄烏戰爭背景下東協與俄羅斯關係之研究 zh_TW dc.title (題名) A Study on ASEAN-Russia Relations in the Context of Russia-Ukraine War en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Books:Chufrin, Gennadiĭ I., Mark Hong, and Kah Beng Teo. ASEAN-Russia Relations. Singapore: ISEAS, 2006.Maletin, Nikolai, SSSR/RF-ASEAN (1967–2002) [USSR/Russian Federation-ASEAN]. Moscow: MGIMO, 2003.Sakwa, Richard. Putin: Russia`s Choice. Taylor & Francis Group, 2007.Singh, Bilveer. Soviet Relations With ASEAN, 1967–88. Singapore: Singapore University Press, 1989.Tilman, Robert O. Southeast Asia and the Enemy Beyond: ASEAN Perceptions of External Threats. Boulder: Westview Press, 1987.Touch, Sok. “Cambodia and the USSR/Russia: Fifty-Five Years of Relations.” In ASEAN-Russia: Foundations and Future Prospects. Singapore: ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute, 2012.Tung, Nguyen Vu, and Dang Cam Tu.“Vietnam`s Decision to Join ASEAN: The South China Sea. Disputes Connection.” In Vietnam’s Foreign Policy Under Doi Moi, edited by Hong Hiep Le and Anton Tsvetov, 186-208. Singapore: ISEAS Publishing, 2018.Official Documents:Cooperation Agreements, Statements, Official Publications, Press Releases:Australian Embassy Vietnam. “Joint Statement on the Establishment of a Strategic Partnership. between the Government of Australia and the Government of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.” 15 March, 2018, https://vietnam.embassy.gov.au/hnoi/JS180315.html.ASEAN. “ASEAN and Russia: A Future-Oriented Multidimensional Strategic Partnership – Report. of the ASEAN-Russia Eminent Persons Group.” 11 September, 2021. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/11.-May-2016-ASEAN-Russia-EPG.pdf.ASEAN. “ASEAN and the Eurasian Economic Commission Sign a Memorandum of Understanding on Economic Cooperation.” November 21, 2018. https://asean.org/asean-and-the-eurasian-economic-commission-sign-a-memorandum-of-understanding-on-economic-cooperation/.ASEAN. “ASEAN Foreign Ministers’ Statement Calling for a Ceasefire in Ukraine.” March 3, 2022. https://asean.org/asean-foreign-ministers-statement-calling-for-a-ceasefire-in-ukraine/.ASEAN. “ASEAN Foreign Ministers’ Statement Calling on the Reported Killing of Civilians in.Ukraine.” April 8, 2022. https://asean.org/asean-foreign-ministers-statement-on-the-reported-killing-of-civilians-in-ukraine/.ASEAN. “ASEAN Foreign Ministers’ Statement on the Situation in Ukraine.” February 26, 2022. https://asean.org/asean-foreign-ministers-statement-on-the-situation-in-ukraine/.ASEAN. “ASEAN-Russia Commemorative Summit. “History of ASEAN-Russia Dialogue Partnership.” March 9, 2016. http://en.russia-asean20.ru/russia_asean/20160309/9413.html.ASEAN. “ASEAN, Russia Reaffirm Commitment To Strengthen Strategic Partnership.” April 28, 2023. https://asean.org/asean-russia-reaffirm-commitment-to-strengthen-strategic-partnership/.ASEAN. “ASEAN, Russia Review Progress of Cooperation.” March 24, 2018. https://asean.org/asean-russia-review-progress-of-cooperation-2/.ASEAN. “ASEAN, Russia to Pursue Broader and Deeper Partnership.” May 19, 2018. https://asean.org/asean-russia-review-progress-of-cooperation/.ASEAN. “ASEAN-Russia Consultations of The High Representatives for Security Issues.” June 28, 2021. https://asean.org/asean-russia-consultations-of-the-high-representatives-for-security-issues/.ASEAN. “ASEAN-Russia Cooperation Mechanisms.” March 9, 2016. http://en.russia-asean20.ru/russia_asean/20160309/9441.html.ASEAN. “ASEAN-Russia Economic Relations.” 2020. https://asean.org/our-communities/economic-community/asean-russia-economic-relations/.ASEAN. “Chairman’s Statement of The 17th East Asia Summit.” November 13, 2022.https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/FINAL-Chairmans-Statement-of-the-17th-East-Asia-Summit_EAS.pdf.ASEAN. “Co-Chairs’ Press Release of the 9 th Meeting of the ASEAN-Russian Federation Joint Cooperation Committee”. April 7, 2011. https://asean.org/co-chairs-press-release-of-the-9th-meeting-of-the-asean-russian-federation-joint-cooperation-committee/.ASEAN. “Co-Chairs’ Press Release of the 14th ASEAN-Russia Joint Cooperation Committee Meeting.” March 18, 2016. https://asean.org/co-chairs-press-release-the-14th-asean-russia-joint-cooperation-commitee-meeting/.ASEAN. “Comprehensive Plan of Action (CPA) To Implement The Association of Southeast Asian Nations And The Russian Federation Strategic Partnership (2021-2025).” October 28, 2021, https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/83.-ASEAN-RU-CPA-2021-2025-Final.pdf.ASEAN. “Comprehensive Programme of Action to Promote Cooperation between the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the Russian Federation 2005-2015.” December 13, 2005. https://asean.org/comprehensive-programme-of-action-to-promote-cooperation-between-the-association-of-southeast-asian-nations-and-the-russian-federation-2005-2015/.ASEAN. “History of ASEAN- Russia Dialogue Partnership.” March 9, 2016. http://en.russia-asean20.ru/russia_asean/20160309/9413.html.ASEAN. “Joint Declaration of the Heads of State/ Government of the Member Countries of theAssociation of Southeast Asian Nations and the Head of State of the Russian Federation on Progressive and Comprehensive Partnership Kuala Lumpur, 13 December 2005.” December 13, 2005. https://asean.org/joint-declaration-of-the-heads-of-state-government-of-the-member-countries-of-the-association-of-southeast-asian-nations-and-the-head-of-state-of-the-russian-federation-on-progressive-and-comprehensiv/.ASEAN. “Joint Statement of the 4th ASEAN-Russia Summit: Building A Peaceful, Stable and. Sustainable Region.” October 28, 2021. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/82.-Joint-Statement-of-the-4th-ASEAN-Russia-Summit-Final.pdf.ASEAN. “Opening Ceremony Russia-ASEAN Year of Scientific and Technical Cooperation 2022.” February 14, 2022. https://www.russia-asean.com/en/events/1149.ASEAN. “Overview: ASEAN-Russia Dialogue Relations.” June, 2022. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Overview-ASEAN-Russia-Dialogue-Relations-as-of-June-2022.pdf.ASEAN. “Press Release of the Co-Chairs of the 17th ASEAN-Russia Joint Cooperation Committee.” April 4, 2019. https://asean.org/press-release-of-the-co-chairs-of-the-17th-asean-russia-joint-cooperation-committee/.ASEAN. “SOCHI Declaration of the ASEAN-Russian Federation Commemorative Summit to Mark the 20th Anniversary of ASEAN-Russian Federation Dialogue Partnership.” May, 2016. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Sochi-Declaration-of-the-ASEAN-Russia-Commemorative-Summit-Final.pdf.ASEAN. “The ASEAN-Russia Ministerial Meeting on Science, Technology and Innovation (ARMMSTI).” February 14, 2023. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Adopted-ARMMSTI-Co-Chairs-Statement.pdf.ASEAN. “Treaty Of Amity and Cooperation In Southeast Asia (TAC).” 2020. https://asean.org/our-communities/asean-political-security-community/outward-looking-community/treaty-of-amity-and-cooperation-in-southeast-asia-tac/.ASEAN Centre in MGIMO-University the MFA of Russia. “Russia-ASEAN: Cooperation Is On The Rise”. April 2, 2014. https://asean.mgimo.ru/en/news/2014/russia-asean-cooperation-is-on-the-rise.ASEANAPOL. “34th ASEANAPOL Conference 12th-16th May 2014 in Manila, The Philippines.” May 26, 2014, http://www.aseanapol.org/display/2014/05/26/34th-aseanapol-conference-12th---16th-may-2014-in-manila-the-philippinesDepartment of Agriculture. “Business Mission Paves Way for Agri Partnerships of RP and Russian. Companies.” June 27, 2023. https://www.da.gov.ph/business-mission-paves-way-for-partnership-of-russian-companies/.Eastern Economic Forum. “Russia-Myanmar: A New Strategy for Economic Cooperation.” September. 19, 2022. https://forumvostok.ru/en/news/rossija-mjanma-novaja-strategija-ekonomicheskogo-sotrudnichestva/.European Commission. “European Union, Trade in Goods with Brunei,” European Commission, April. 19, 2023, https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/isdb_results/factsheets/country/details_brunei_en.pdf.European Commission. “European Union, Trade in Goods with Laos.” European Commission, April. 19, 2023. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/isdb_results/factsheets/country/details_laos_en.pdf.European Union External Action. “UN General Assembly Demands Russian Federation Withdraw All Military Forces from The Territory of Ukraine”. March 2, 2022. https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/un-general-assembly-demands-russian-federation-withdraw-all-military-forces-territory-ukraine_en.Garamone, Jim. “U.S.-Philippines Alliance Strengthens as it Enters New Phase.” U.S. Department of Defense, February 2, 2023. https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/3286055/us-philippine-alliance-strengthens-as-it-enters-new-phase/.International Trade Administration. “Vietnam – Defense and Security Sector”. December 15, 2022, https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/vietnam-defense-and-security-sector.Kingdom Of Cambodia Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation. “Joint Press Release of the Foreign Ministers of the Kingdom of Cambodia, the Republic of Indonesia and the Kingdom of Thailand.” May 4, 2022. https://www.mfaic.gov.kh/files/uploads/8MP1IYQ5U3XL/FINAL%20JPR%20CA%20ID%20TH%20(ENG)1.pdf.Kingdom Of Cambodia Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation. “Joint Statement between the Kingdom of Cambodia and Japan, on the Occasion of Official Visit of His Excellency KISHIDA Fumio, Prime Minister of Japan, to the Kingdom of Cambodia.” March 20, 2022. https://www.mfaic.gov.kh/posts/2022-03-20-Press-Release-Joint-Statement-between-the-Kingdom-of-Cambodia-and-Japan--on-the-occasion-of-the-Official-Visit-of--20-42-54.Lee, Hsien Loong. “What Is Happening In Ukraine Now Is Important To Us,” Facebook, February 28, 2022.https://www.facebook.com/leehsienloong/posts/pfbid0FjPvVSgtAQHXha4C6gwuK2URLnzh7hwVuN2WyXaH3a8FXempbde7KxP5sYPB81Bil.Marcos, Bongbong. “I had the pleasure of talking to Ukrainian President Volodymr Zelenskyy yesterday,” Twitter, February 14, 2023, 10:14 PM. https://twitter.com/bongbongmarcos/status/1625317512899600385.Ministry of Economy Malaysia. “Malaysia External Trade Statistics Bulletin March 2023.” April 19, 2023. https://www.dosm.gov.my/uploads/release-content/file_20230419230644.pdf.Ministry of Foreign Affairs Brunei Darussalam. “Brunei Darussalam’s Statement on The Situation in Ukraine.” February 26, 2022. https://www.mfa.gov.bn/Lists/Press%20Room/news.aspx?id=969&source=https://www.mfa.gov.bn/site/home.aspx.Ministry of Foreign Affairs Brunei Darussalam. “Russia”. Sept, 2018. https://www.mfa.gov.bn/SitePages/Russia.aspx.Ministry of Foreign Affairs Kingdom of Thailand. “Thailand’s Statement on the Situation in Ukraine.” February 24, 2022. https://www.mfa.go.th/en/content/statement-24-feb-22?cate=5d5bcb4e15e39c306000683e.Ministry of Foreign Affairs Kingdom of Thailand. “8th Session of Join Thai-Russian Commission on Bilateral Cooperation.” April 28, 2023. https://www.mfa.go.th/en/content/thrujc8-2?page=5d5bd3da15e39c306002aaf9&menu=5d5bd3dd15e39c306002ab1d.Ministry of Foreign Affairs Malaysia. “Embassy of Malaysia, Moscow – History.” 2019, https://www.kln.gov.my/web/rus_moscow/history.Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lao PDR. “Press Statement by the Spokesperson of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the LAO PDR on 26 February 2022.” February 26, 2022. http://www.mofa.gov.la/index.php/statements/mofa-statement/4675-press-statement-by-the-spokesperson-of-the-ministry-of-foreign-affairs-of-the-lao-pdr-on-26-february-2022.Ministry Of Foreign Affairs of The Republic of Indonesia. “Indonesia Urges UN Member States To Pay Heed To Humanitarian Interests In The Ukraine Crisis.” March 1, 2022, https://kemlu.go.id/portal/en/read/3369/berita/indonesia-urges-un-member-states-to-pay-heed-to-humanitarian-interests-in-the-ukraine-crisis.Ministry Of Foreign Affairs of The Republic of Indonesia. “Indonesian Way.” February 25, 2022. https://kemlu.go.id/portal/en/read/3360/berita/pernyataan-pemerintah-indonesia-mengenai-serangan-militer-di-ukraina.Ministry Of Foreign Affairs Singapore. “MFA Spokesman’s Comments In Response To Media Queries On The Russian Parliament’s Ratification Of A Treaty Joining Crimea To Russia On 21 March 2014.” March 21, 2014. https://www.mfa.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Statements-Transcripts-and-Photos/2014/03/MFA-Spokesmans-Comments-in-response-to-media-queries-on-the-Russian-Parliaments-ratification-of-a-tr.Ministry Of Foreign Affairs Singapore. “Minister For Foreign Affairs Dr Vivian Balakrishnan’s Ministerial Statement On The Situation In Ukraine And Its Implications.” February 28, 2022. https://www.mfa.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Statements-Transcripts-and-Photos/2022/02/20220228-Ministerial-Statement.Ministry Of Foreign Affairs Singapore. “Sanctions And Restrictions Against Russia In Repones To Its Invasion Of Ukraine.” March 5, 2022. https://www.mfa.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Statements-Transcripts-and-Photos/2022/03/20220305-sanctions.Ministry Of Foreign Affairs Singapore. “Transcript of Minister for Foreign Affairs Dr Vivian Balakrishnan’s Oral Reply to Parliamentary and Supplementary Question on Allegations concerning Singapore in the Report of the Special Advisory Council for Myanmar, 14 February 2023.” February 14, 2023. https://www.mfa.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Statements-Transcripts-and-Photos/2023/02/20230214-PQ.Obama White House Archives. “Fact Sheet: East Asia Summit.” November 19, 2011. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2011/11/19/fact-sheet-east-asia-summit.Obama White House Archives. “United States-Vietnam Joint Vision Statement.” July 7, 2015. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/07/07/united-states-%E2%80%93-vietnam-joint-vision-statementPhilippine Information Agency. “Effects Of Russia-Ukraine Conflict Temporary, Measures In Place To Cushion Its Impact – Dominguez.” March 8, 2022, https://pia.gov.ph/press-releases/2022/03/08/effects-of-russia-ukraine-conflict-temporary-measures-in-place-to-cushion-its-impact-dominguez.President of Russia. “Address by the President of the Russian Federation.” February 24, 2022. http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/67843.President of Russia. “Joint Statement of the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China on the International Relations Entering a New Era and the Global Sustainable Development.” February 4, 2022. http://en.kremlin.ru/supplement/5770.President of Russia. “Indonesia-Russia: New Perspectives of Cooperation.” September 5, 2007. http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/24511.President of Russia. “Meeting On Current Situation In Oil And Gas Sector.” April 14, 2022. http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/68191.Russian Council. “Online Round Table ‘65 Years of The Russia-Cambodia Diplomatic Relations’.” April 10, 2021. https://russiancouncil.ru/en/news/online-round-table-65-years-of-the-russia-cambodia-diplomatic-relations/.Socialist Republic of Vietnam Government News. “Sergey Lavrov’s Viet Nam Visit Aims to Promote Comprehensive Strategic Partnership.” July 7, 2022. https://en.baochinhphu.vn/sergey-lavrovs-viet-nam-visit-aims-to-promote-comprehensive-strategic-partnership-111220707104120727.htm.Socialist Republic of Vietnam Government News. “Viet Nam Expresses Grave Concerns over Armed Conflict in Ukraine.” February 25, 2022. https://en.baochinhphu.vn/viet-nam-expresses-grave-concerns-over-armed-conflict-in-ukraine-111220225115520723.htm.The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation. “Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov’s News Conference Following The East Asia Summit, Phnom Penh, November 13 2022.” November 13, 2022. https://mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/news/1838341/.The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation. “Press Release on Foreign Minister. Sergey Lavrov’s Participation in the Upcoming ASEAN Ministerial Meetings.” July 11, 2023. https://mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/news/1896262/.The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation. “Sergey Lavrov’s Written Interview with. Indonesian Newspaper Kompas, July 11, 2023.” July 11, 2023. https://mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/news/1896460/.The White House. “Fact Sheet: Investing in the Special Friendship and Alliance between the United. States and the Philippines.” May 1, 2023. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/05/01/fact-sheet-investing-in-the-special-friendship-and-alliance-between-the-united-states-and-the-philippines/.The White House. “Fact Sheet: United States Bans Imports of Russian Oil, Liquefied Natural Gas, and Coal.” March 8, 2022. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/03/08/fact-sheet-united-states-bans-imports-of-russian-oil-liquefied-natural-gas-and-coal/Trump White House Archives. “Joint Statement for Enhancing the Comprehensive Partnership. between the United States of America and the Social Republic of Vietnam.” May 31, 2017. https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefings-statements/joint-statement-enhancing-comprehensive-partnership-united-states-america-socialist-republic-vietnam/.UK Government. “UK To Phase Out Russian Oil Imports.” March 8, 2022. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-to-phase-out-russian-oil-imports.United Nations. “General Assembly Adopts Text Recognizing Scale Of Humanitarian Woes Arising. From Russian Federation’s Ukraine Offensive As Unseen In Many Decades.” March 24, 2022. https://press.un.org/en/2022/ga12411.doc.htm.United Nations. “General Assembly Overwhelmingly Adopts Resolution Demanding Russian. Federation Immediately End Illegal Use Of Force In Ukraine, Withdraw All Troops.” March 2, 2022. https://press.un.org/en/2022/ga12407.doc.htm.United Nations. “Many Speakers Voice Concern Over Increase In Dangerous Nuclear Weapons. Rhetoric Amidst Ongoing War Against Ukraine, As Disarmament Commission Opens Session.” April 3, 2023. https://press.un.org/en/2023/dc3847.doc.htm.United Nations. “With 143 Votes In Favour, 5 Against, General Assembly Adopts Resolution. Condemning Russian Federation’s Annexation Of Four Eastern Ukraine Regions.” October 12, 2022. https://press.un.org/en/2022/ga12458.doc.htm.United Nations. “UN Rights Expert Exposes $1 Billion ‘Death Trade’ In Arms For Myanmar Military.” United Nations, May 17, 2023. https://www.ungeneva.org/en/news-media/news/2023/05/81150/un-rights-expert-exposes-1-billion-death-trade-arms-myanmar-military.UN News. “General Assembly Resolution Demands End to Russian Offensive in Ukraine.” March 2, 2022. https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/03/1113152.UN News. “Ukraine: General Assembly Passes Resolution Demanding Aid Access, By Large. Majority.” March 24, 2022. https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/03/1114632.UN News. “UN General Assembly Votes To Suspend Russia From The Human Rights Council.” 7. April 2022. https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/04/1115782.US Department of Defense. “Indo-Pacific strategy report: Preparedness, partnerships, and promoting. a networked region.” 2019. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/AD1082324.pdf.US Department of State. “US–Vietnam Comprehensive Partnership.” December 16, 2013. https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2013/218734.htm.US Department of State. “China Escalates Coercion Against Vietnam’s Longstanding Oil And Gas. Activity in The South China Sea.” August 26, 2019. https://www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/1943953/china-escalates-coercion-against-vietnams-longstanding-oil-and-gas-activity-in/US Department of State. “The Impact of Sanctions and Export Controls on The Russian Federation”. October 20, 2022. https://www.state.gov/the-impact-of-sanctions-and-export-controls-on-the-russian-federation/.US Mission to ASEAN. “Fact Sheet: Indo-Pacific Strategy of The United States.” March 31, 2022, https://asean.usmission.gov/fact-sheet-indo-pacific-strategy-of-the-united-states/.Widodo, Joko. “Stop The War.” Twitter, February 24, 2022, 8:43 PM. https://twitter.com/jokowi/status/1496828183143796740.Wisma Putra, “Statement by Yab Dato’ Sri Ismail Sabri Bin Yaakob Prime Minster of Malaysia.” Twitter, February 26, 2022, 1:19 PM. https://twitter.com/MalaysiaMFA/status/1497441156615274496.ZelenskyyUa, “Had the First Phone Call in the History of Bilateral Relations with President of the Philippines.” Twitter, February 13, 2023, 6:45 PM. https://twitter.com/ZelenskyyUa/status/1625083852132679680.Journal Articles:Abazov, Rafis. “Dialogue Between Russia and ASEAN.” International Affairs (Moscow) 45, 5–6 (1996): 88–90.Acharya, Amitav. “Will Asia’s Past Be Its Future?” International Security 28, no. 3 (2003): 149–164.Acharya, Amitav. “The Myth of ASEAN Centrality?” Contemporary Southeast Asia: A Journal of. International & Strategic Affairs 39, no. 2 (2017): 273–79.Ba, Alice D. “China and ASEAN: Reinvigorating Relations for a 21st Century Asia.” Asian Survey 43, no. 4 (2003): 622-647.Ba, Alice D. “China’s ‘Belt and Road’ in Southeast Asia: Constructing the Strategic Narrative in. Singapore.” Asian Perspective 43, no. 2 (2019): 249– 272.Beltran, Thelma L. “The Evolution of Philippine-Soviet Diplomatic and Trade Relations.” Contemporary Southeast Asia 10, no.2 (1988): 144-162.Bunthorn, Khath. “Small State Dilemma: Cambodia Between The ASEAN and China in the Indo-Pacific Context,” Journal of Liberty and International Affairs 8, no. 1 (02, 2022): 116-137.Buszynski, Leszek. “Russia and Southeast Asia: A New Relationship.” Contemporary Southeast Asia 28, no. 2 (August 2006): 276–96.Cima, Ronald J.“Vietnam in 1989: Initiating the Post-Cambodia Period.” Asian Survey 30, no. 1 (1990): 88–95.Chheang, Vannarith. "Cambodia’s Embrace of China’s Belt and Road Initiative: Managing. Asymmetries, Maximizing Authority." Asian Perspective 45, no. 2 (Spring, 2021): 375-396.Diao, Xinshen; Dorosh, Paul A.; Ellis, Mia; Pauw, Karl; Thurlow, James; and Smart, Jenny. “Cambodia: Impacts Of The Ukraine And Global Crises On Poverty And Food Security”. Global Crisis Country Brief 16 (2022). Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).Emmers, Ralf. “The Influence of the Balance of Power Factor within the ASEAN Regional Forum.” Contemporary Southeast Asia 23, no. 2 (2001): 275–91.Gabuev, Alexander. 2015. “A ‘Soft Alliance’? Russia–China Relations after the Ukraine Crisis”. European Council on Foreign Relations 126.Goh, Evelyn. “Great Powers and Southeast Asian Regional Security Strategies: Omni- Enmeshment, Balancing, and Hierarchical Order,” IDSS Working Paper, no. 84 (July 2005).Gong, Xue. 2020. “Non-traditional Security Cooperation between China and South-east Asia: Implications for Indo-Pacific Geopolitics.” International Affairs 96, no. 1: 29-48.Graham, Euan. “Energy competition in the South China Sea: A front-burner issue?” Australian Defence Force Journal 195 (2014): 84-86.Hiep, Le Hong. “Vietnam’s Hedging Strategy Against China Since Normalization,” Contemporary Southeast Asia, 35, no. 3(2013): 333–368.Jaafar, Fayyadh. “Malaysia Remains Neutral For Russia-Ukrainian War.” The Malaysia Reserve, July. 18, 2022. https://themalaysianreserve.com/2022/07/18/malaysia-remains-neutral-for-russia-ukrainian-war/.Kanaev, Evgeny, and Alexander Korolev. “Reenergizing the Russia-ASEAN Relationship: The. Eurasian Opportunity.” Asian Politics & Policy 10, No. 4 (2018): 732-751.Kang, David C. “Getting Asia Wrong: The Need For New Analytical Frameworks”. International. Security 27, no. 4 (2003): 57-85.Kobayashi, Yuka, and Josephine King. 2022. “Myanmar`s strategy in the China–Myanmar Economic. Corridor: A Failure in Hedging?” International Affairs 98, no. 3, (May): 1013-1032.Kuik, Cheng-Chwee. “How Do Weaker States Hedge? Unpacking ASEAN States’ Alignment Behavior. Towards China.” Journal of Contemporary China 25, no. 100 (2016): 500-514.Kuik, Cheng-Chwee. “The Essence of Hedging: Malaysia and Singapore’s responses to a rising China.” Contemporary Southeast Asia 30, no. 2 (2008): 159–185.Lake, David. “Anarchy, Hierarchy, and the Variety of International Relations.” International. Organization 50, no. 1(1996): 1-33.Li, Mingjiang. “The Belt and Road Initiative: Geo-economics and Indo-Pacific Security,” International Affairs 96, no. 1 (2020): 169-188.Lim, Darren and Zack Cooper. “Reassessing Hedging: The Logic of Alignment in East Asia.” Security. Studies 24, no. 4 (2015): 696-727.Lo, Bobo. “Russia’s Eastern Direction: Distinguishing the Real from the Virtual”. Russie. Nei. Reports. 17 (2014).Lutz-Auras, Ludmila. “Russia and Myanmar – Friends in Need?” Journal of Current Southeast Asian. Affairs 34, no. 2 (2015): 165-198.Manurung, Hendra. “The Impacts of Indonesia and Russia Trade Relations on Indonesia’s Maritime. Security,” Journal of International Studies 12, (2016), 1-17.Majid, Munir. “ASEAN: Seeing the Russian Invasion of Ukraine through a Glass Darkly,” LSE IDEAS. Strategic Update (May 2022).Martynova, Elena S. “Strengthening of Cooperation Between Russia and ASEAN: Rhetoric or. Reality?” Asian Politics & Policy 6, no. 3 (2014): 397–412.Medeiros, Evan S. 2005. Strategic Hedging and the Future of Asia Pacific Stability. The Washington. Quarterly 29, no. 1, 145–167.Miller, Robert H. “Cambodia: Lasting Key to Southeast Asia’s Stability.” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 18, no. 4 (1995): 317-323.Murphy, Ann Marie. “Ukraine War Highlights Differences Between Indonesian And US Foreign. Policy Frameworks.” East Asia Forum, August 5, 2022. https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2022/08/05/ukraine-war-highlights-differences-between-indonesian-and-u-s-foreign-policy-frameworks/.Nathan, K.S. “Malaysia and the Soviet Union: A Relationship with a Distance.” Asian Survey 27, no. 10 (1987): 1059-1073.Park, Jeo Jeok. 2011. “The US-led Alliances in the Asia-Pacific: Hedge against Potential Threats or. an Undesirable Multilateral Security Order?” The Pacific Review, 24, no. 2, 137–158.Reuveny, Rafael, and Heejoon Kang. “Bilateral Trade and Political Conflict/Cooperation: Do Goods. Matter?” Journal of Peace Research 35, no. 5 (1998): 581–602.Roy, Denny. 2005. “Southeast Asia and China: Balancing or Bandwagoning?” Contemporary. Southeast Asia 27, no. 2: 305-322.Strating, Rebecca. “Small Power Hedging in an Era of Great-power Politics: Southeast Asian. Responses to China’s Pursuit of Energy Security”, Asian Studies Review 44, no. 1 (2020): 97-116.Tran, Thi Bich. “Pathways for the United States and Vietnam to Establish A Strategic Partnership by. 2020.” Asia Pacific Bulletin, no. 482 (20 June, 2019).Tran, Thi Bich, and Yochiro Sato. “Vietnam’s Post-Cold War Hedging Strategy: A Changing Mix of. Realist and Liberal Ingredients.” Asian Politics and Policy 10, no. 1 (2018): 73–99.Tessman, Brock. 2012. “System Structure and State Strategy: Adding Hedging to the Menu.” Security. Studies 21, no. 2: 192-231.Rangsimaporn, Paradorn. “Russia’s Search for Influence in Southeast Asia.” Asian survey 49, no. 5. (2009): 786–808.Shekhar, Vibhanshu, “ASEAN’s responses to the rise of China: Deploying a hedging strategy.” China. Report 48, no. 3 (2012): 253–268.Tan, See Seng. 2020. “Consigned to Hedge: South-East Asia and America’s ‘Free and Open Indo-Pacific strategy.’” International Affairs 96, no. 1: 131-148.Wallace, Corey. 2018. “Leaving (North-East) Asia? Japan’s Southern Strategy.” International Affairs. 94, no. 4: 883-905.Zhao, Suisheng. 2008. “China’s global search for energy security: Cooperation and competition in. Asia– Pacific.” Journal of Contemporary China, 17(55), 207–227.News Articles:ABS-CBN News. “Philippines Warned Fuel Imports From Russia Risk Aiding Ukraine War.” ABS-CBN News, October 21, 2022. https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/10/21/22/ph-warned-fuel-imports-from-russia-risk-aiding-ukraine-war.AFP. “Myanmar Junta Says Russian Invasion Of Ukraine ‘Justified’.” Al Arabiya News, February 25, 2022. https://english.alarabiya.net/News/world/2022/02/25/Myanmar-junta-says-Russian-invasion-of-Ukraine-justified-.Al Jazeera. “Russian FM Lavrov on Visit to ‘long-standing partner’ Myanmar.” AlJazeera, August 3, 2022. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/8/3/russias-fm-lavrov-makes-official-visit-to-myanmar.Al Jazeera. “Russia’s War in Ukraine Challenges Old Comrades in Southeast Asia.” Al Jazeera, November 15, 2022. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/15/russias-war-in-ukraine-challenges-old-comrades-in-southeast-asia.Al Jazeera. “Singapore Economy Beats Estimates as Government Warns of Risks.” AlJazeera, May. 25, 2023. https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2023/5/25/singapore-economy-beats-estimates-as-government-warns-of-risks.Al Jazeera. “Ukraine Boots Political Ties in Southeast Asia With Peace Treaty.” Al Jazeera, November 10, 2022. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/10/ukraine-boosts-political-ties-in-southeast-asia-with-peace-treaty.Andres, Gabrielle. “Malaysia Bans Chicken Exports: What You Need To Know.” Channel News. Asia, May 24, 2022. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/malaysia-bans-chicken-exports-singapore-supply-price-consumers-2703071.Ang, Hwee Min. “Singapore Banks Have Limited Exposure To Russia; MAS Sends Reminder To. Manage Risks Amid Ukraine Crisis,” Channel News Asia, March 1, 2022. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/singapore-banks-limited-exposure-russia-dbs-uob-ocbc-mas-2528091AP News. “Distress In Singapore As Malaysia Bans Chicken Export.” AP News, May 31, 2022. https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-politics-global-trade-malaysia-4188e124f886aeea8549f3bb363b3d3bAyad, Pierre. “With International Army Games, Russia Tries to Show It’s Not ‘A Pariah State’.” France 24, August 23, 2022. https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20220823-what-russia-s-international-army-games-tell-us-about-the-war-in-ukraine.BBC News. “South China Sea: Vietnamese Hold Anti-Chinese Protest”. June 5, 2011. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-13661779Beltran, Michael. “Philippine Jeepney Drivers Strike Over Soaring Fuel Prices.” Nikkei Asia, March. 25, 2022. https://asia.nikkei.com/Economy/Philippine-jeepney-drivers-strike-over-soaring-fuel-prices.Borneo Bulletin. “ASEN Centrality Key to Regional Security, Says Deputy Minister.” Borneo Bulletin, May 30, 2023. https://borneobulletin.com.bn/asean-centrality-key-to-regional-security-says-deputy-minister/.Business Insider. “Growth Is Slowing In Indonesia And Events Thousands Of Miles Away Are. Playing A Part,” Business Insider, March 16, 2023. https://www.businessinsider.com/sc/the-economy-in-indonesia-is-being-affected-by-the-war-in-ukraine-2023.Chhengpor, Aun. “In Cambodia, Japan Digs in to Keep China’s Rise in Check.” VOA Cambodia, 11. May, 2019, https://www.voacambodia.com/a/in-cambodia-japan-digs-in-to-keep-china-rise-in-check/4912417.html.Christina, Bernadette and Fransiska Nangoy, “Indonesia President Declares End Of Palm Oil Export. Ban From Monday,” Reuters, May 19, 2022. https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/indonesia-mps-seek-palm-oil-export-ban-review-industry-warns-storage-2022-05-19/.CNA. “Amid Russia-Ukraine War, Small Countries Like Singapore Must Keep A Sober Mind And. Look Beyond Headlines: Shanmugam”, CNA, March 8, 2023. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/russia-ukraine-singapore-shanmugam-small-countries-regional-cooperation-rivalry-3333796.CNN Philippines Staff. “Defense Chief: PH ‘Neutral’ on Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine,” CNN. Philippines, February 25, 2022. http://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/2/25/Philippines-Ukraine-Russia-attack.html.Dara, Voun. “Putin Gives PM Friendship Medal.” The Phnom Penh Post, July 27, 2021. https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national-politics/putin-gives-pm-friendship-medal.Dominguez, Gabriel. “‘Ukraine Must Not Happen in Asia’: Defense Ministers Urge U.S.-China Talks.” The Japan Times, June 3, 2023. https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2023/06/03/asia-pacific/singapore-defense-minister-ng-eng-hen-china-us/.Duangdee, Vijitra. “Russians Make Thailand a Refuge as Ukraine War Enters Second Year.” AlJazeera, February 22, 2023. https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2023/2/22/russians-make-thailand-a-refuge-as-ukraine-war-enters-second-year.DW. “Russia: Putin Slams Sanctions in Pitch for New Global Order.” DW, September 7, 2022. https://www.dw.com/en/russia-vladimir-putin-slams-sanctions-in-pitch-for-new-global-order/a-63038600.DW. “Singapore Hosts Key Asia Defense Summit with Eye on Ukraine.” DW, June 2, 2023. https://www.dw.com/en/singapore-hosts-key-asia-defense-summit-with-eye-on-ukraine/a-65801537.EAC News. “Cambodia and Russia Military MOU Draft Nearly Completed.” EAC News, December. 15, 2022. https://eacnews.asia/home/details/17947.Ekawati, Arti. “Jokowi Visits Ukraine and Russia amid Global Food Crisis.” DW, June 29, 2022. https://www.dw.com/en/indonesia-jokowi-walks-tightrope-balancing-ties-with-russia-west/a-62396110.France 24. “Russia Backs Myanmar Junta’s Efforts to ‘Stabilize’ Country, Hold Elections.” France 24, August 3, 2022. https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220803-russia-backs-myanmar-junta-s-efforts-to-stabilise-country-hold-electionsFresh News. “Russia is Ready for Military Cooperation with Cambodia.” Fresh News, February 17, 2023. https://en.freshnewsasia.com/index.php/en/localnews/34806-2023-02-17-15-45-11.html.Ghoshal, Devjyot. “India-Russia Defence Firm Eyes $200 Mln Missile Deal With Indonesia.” Reuters, March 15, 2023. https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/india-russia-defence-firm-eyes-200-mln-missile-deal-with-indonesia-2023-03-15/.Goldenziel, Jill. “China Illegally Entered Vietnam’s Waters. Russia is Raising the Stakes.” May 30, 2022, Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/jillgoldenziel/2023/05/30/china-illegally-entered-vietnams-waters-russia-is-raising-the-stakes/?sh=47a59ce43f32.Guarascio, Francesco. “Exclusive: Czech Republic Looks To Supply Vietnam More Aircraft, Radars.” Reuters, April 24, 2023. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/czech-republic-looks-supply-vietnam-more-aircraft-radars-source-2023-04-24/.Guarascio, Francesco and Andrew Hayley, “Chinese Ships Ignore Vietnam Demand to Leave Area. Close to Russian-run Gas Fields.” Reuters, May 26, 2023. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/chinese-ships-ignore-vietnam-demand-leave-area-close-russian-run-gas-fields-2023-05-26/.Ha, Thi. “Fertilizer Imports From Russia Rise By 60 Percent.” VnExpress, July 13, 2022. https://e.vnexpress.net/news/industries/fertilizer-imports-from-russia-rise-by-60-percent-4487474.html.Hayton, Bill. “Vietnam Drills for Oil in South China Sea,” BBC News, July 5, 2017. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-40493277Hayton, Bill. “South China Sea: Vietnam’ Scraps New Oil Project”, BBC News, March 23, 2018, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-43507448Hoang, Lien. “Vietnamese Factories Go Idle As Orders From The West Slow.” Nikkei Asia, October. 18, 2022, https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Supply-Chain/Vietnamese-factories-go-idle-as-orders-from-the-West-slowHutt, David. “Why Southeast Asia Continues to Buy Russian Weapons.” DW, April 5, 2022, https://www.dw.com/en/why-southeast-asia-continues-to-buy-russian-weapons/a-61364950Inocencio, Syrah Vivien. “Marcos: Russia-Ukraine War ‘Unacceptable’,” CNN Philippines, November 19, 2022. https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/11/19/Marcos-Russia-Ukraine-war--unacceptable-.html.Interfax. “Philippines Suggest Forming Joint Ventures with Russia for Processing Agricultural. Products – Agroexport.” Interfax, June 22, 2023. https://interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/91715/.Kang, Sothear. “Cambodia Urges Russian Firms To Import Agricultural Product,” Khmer Times, April 11, 2023. https://www.khmertimeskh.com/501271300/cambodia-urges-russian-firms-to-import-agricultural-product/.Kapoor, Kanupriya. “Indonesia Proposes Demilitarized Zone, UN Referendum for Ukraine Peace. Plan,” Reuters, June 3, 2022. https://www.reuters.com/world/indonesia-proposes-demilitarised-zone-un-referendum-ukraine-peace-plan-2023-06-03/.Khmer Times. “Outcomes of 19th ASEAN-Russia Senior Officials’ Meeting,” May 1, 2023. Khmer. Times, https://www.khmertimeskh.com/501282202/outcomes-of-19th-asean-russia-senior-officials-meeting/.Kimseng Men,“Cambodian Leader Defends UN Vote on Ukraine Invasion”, VOA News, 3 March, 2022, https://www.voanews.com/a/cambodian-leader-defends-un-vote-on-ukraine-invasion-/6469158.html.KOMPAS.com. “Indonesia Drops Plans To Acquire Russian Su-35 Fighter Jets Due To Budget. Concern.” KOMPAS.com, December 22, 2021. https://go.kompas.com/read/2021/12/22/231631974/indonesia-drops-plans-to-acquire-russian-su-35-fighter-jets-due-to-budget-concern.Koemsoeun, Soth. “Strong Commitment: Cambodia Pushing for Ukraine to be ASEAN Dialogue. Partner,” Khmer Times, May 31, 2023. https://www.khmertimeskh.com/501299127/strong-commitment-cambodia-pushing-for-ukraine-to-be-asean-dialogue-partner/.Lao News Agency. “United Russia Party Chairman Visits Laos.” Lao New Agency, May 24, 2023. https://kpl.gov.la/En/detail.aspx?id=73260.Lim, Min Zhang. “Singapore Will Impose Export Controls On Item That Can Be Used As Weapons. In Ukraine: Vivian Balakrishnan.” The Straits Times, March 5, 2022. https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-will-impose-export-controls-on-items-that-can-be-used-as-weapons-in-ukraine-vivianLisbet Esmael. “IMF Hikes PH Growth Outlook For 2023 to 6%.” CNN Philippines, April 12, 2023. http://www.cnnphilippines.com/business/2023/4/12/IMF-PH-economy-forecast-2023.html.Long, Nguyen. “Russia Sees Vietnam as Regional Key Business Partner: Russian Deputy PM.” The. Investor, April 7, 2023. https://theinvestor.vn/russia-sees-vietnam-as-regional-key-business-partner-russian-deputy-pm-d4435.html.Maulia, Erwida. “Jokowi Says Putin Agrees to Sea Route for Ukraine Wheat Exports.” Nikkei Asia, June 30, 2022. https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Ukraine-war/Jokowi-says-Putin-agrees-to-sea-route-for-Ukraine-wheat-exports.Maulia, Erwida. “Russia Pitches Use of Local Currencies in Appeal to ASEAN.” Nikkei Asia, July. 13, 2023. https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/Russia-pitches-use-of-local-currencies-in-appeal-to-ASEAN.Mendelson, Allegra. “ ‘Stronger Together’: Myanmar, Russia Parade Military Relatonship.” AlJazeera, March 27, 2022. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/27/holdstronger-togethermyanmarrussiaparademilitary-relationship.Mercado, Neil Arwin. “Marcos on Ukraine-Russia Conflict: ‘No Need to Make A Stand.’’ INQUIRERE.net, March 1, 2022. https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1561904/marcos-on-ukraine-russia-conflict-no-need-to-make-a-stand.Mi, Tra. “Japan Donates 2 More Patrol Boats to Vietnam Amid S. China Sea Tensions.” VOA, November 3, 2015. https://www.voanews.com/a/japan-donates-patrol-boats-to-vietnam-south-china-sea-tensions/3035300.html.Minh, Duc. “Russia Calls Vietnam Leading Partner In Southeast Asia.” April 6, 2023, VnExpress, https://e.vnexpress.net/news/economy/russia-calls-vietnam-leading-partner-in-southeast-asia-4590454.html.Mizzima. “Myanmar Exporting Hundreds Of Tons Of Fisheries Products To Russia.” November 17, 2022. https://mizzima.com/article/myanmar-exporting-hundreds-tons-fisheries-products-russia.Mollman, Steve. “The South China Sea’s Untapped Oil and Natural Gas Are Back in Focus.” Quartz, 25 July, 2017. https://qz.com/1037896/south-china-seas-untapped-oil-and-natural-gas-back-in-focusMyanmar Now. “Russia and Myanmar Junta to Host ASEAN Counter-Terrorism Exercises.” Myanmar Now, June 22, 2023. https://myanmar-now.org/en/news/russia-and-myanmar-junta-to-host-asean-counter-terrorism-exercises-despite-boycott-by-dialogue-partners/.Nangoy, Fransiska. “Indonesia Bans Palm Oil Exports As Global Food Inflation Spikes.” Reuters, April 24, 2022. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/indonesia-ban-palm-oil-exports-shore-up-supply-soyoil-futures-surge-2022-04-22/.Narayan, Mohi and Matthew Chye, “Singapore Imports of Russian Naphtha Surge as EU Ban Shifts. Flows.” Reuters, April 6, 2023. https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/singapore-imports-russian-naphtha-surge-eu-ban-shifts-flows-2023-04-06/.Nirmala, Ronna; Tria Dianti and Shailaja Neelakantan. “Indonesia, Singapore Condemn Russian. Invasion Of Ukraine,” RFA, February 24, 2022. https://www.rfa.org/english/news/vietnam/ukraine-reaction-02242022171344.html.Niseiy, Sao Phal. “Cambodia Calls for Peaceful Solution to Ukraine Crisis.” Cambodianess, February 25, 2022. https://cambodianess.com/article/cambodia-calls-for-peaceful-solution-to-ukraine-crisis.Nguyen, Duy. “Vietnam-Russia Strategic Partnership: 20 Years And Prospect.” Hanoi Times, April 6, 2021. https://hanoitimes.vn/vietnam-russia-strategic-partnership-20-years-and-prospect-316918.htmlNguyen, Mai and My Pham. “Japan Pledges Boats to Vietnam as China Dispute Simmers.” Reuters, January 16, 2017. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-vietnam-japan-idUSKBN15015O.NPR. “U.S. Aircraft Carrier Visits Vietnam for the First Time since the War.” March 4, 2018, https://www.npr.org/2018/03/04/590670170/u-s-aircraft-carrier-visits-vietnam-for-the-first-time-since-the-war.Paul, Amrita, “Laos, Russia Kickstart Counter-Terror Drills for Laros 2022.” The Laotian Times, November 30, 2022. https://laotiantimes.com/2022/11/30/laos-russia-kickstart-counter-terror-drills-for-laros-2022/.Parrocha, Azer. “PH’s Helicopter Deal With Russia Won’t Carry Through: PBBM.” Philippine News. Agency, October 20, 2022. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1186665.Parrocha, Azer. “Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine Deserves ‘Condemnation’: PRRD.” Philippine News. Agency, April 12, 2022. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1172124.Phaicharoen, Nontarat, and Wilawan Watcharasakwet. “At Bilateral Meet, Japanese, Thai PMs Urge. End to War in Ukraine,” RFA, May 2, 2022. https://www.rfa.org/english/news/vietnam/japan-ukraine-05022022183801.htmlPhea, Kin. “65 Years of Cambodia-Russia Relations: An Overview.” The Phnom Penh Post, 13 May, 2021. https://www.phnompenhpost.com/opinion/65-years-cambodia-russia-relations-overview.Phonevilay, Latsamy. “Laos To Seek Oil From Russia.” The Laotian Times, May 7, 2022. https://laotiantimes.com/2022/05/07/laos-to-seek-oil-from-russia/.Pisei, Hin. “Int’t Trade Rises As Commerce Ministry Lays Out 2023 Plans.” The Phnom Penh Post, January 31, 2023. https://www.phnompenhpost.com/business/intl-trade-rises-commerce-ministry-lays-out-2023-plans.PNA. “Dating Back 200 Years Ago: The Old PH-Russia Ties.” PNA, June 1, 2019. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1071240.Prachatai. “Thai Military Attends Planning Meeting for Myanmar-Russia Military Exercises Despite. Sanctions.” Prachatai English, June 26, 2023. https://prachataienglish.com/node/10441.Reuters. “Cambodia PM Condemns Russian Invasion of Ukraine.” Reuters, March 28, 2022. https://www.reuters.com/world/cambodia-pm-condemns-russian-invasion-ukraine-2022-03-28/.Reuters. “G20 Host Indonesia Says Putin May Seek To Join Summit Virtually.” Reuters, November 8, 2022. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/g20-host-indonesia-has-strong-impression-putin-will-skip-bali-summit-ft-2022-11-08/.Reuters. “Indonesia Kicks Off Multilateral Naval Exercise amid Asia-Pacific Tension.” Reuters, June. 5, 2023. https://www.reuters.com/world/indonesia-kicks-off-multilateral-naval-exercise-amid-asia-pacific-tension-2023-06-05/.Reuters. “Myanmar Junta Chief Makes Another Visit To Russia.” Reuters, September 5, 2022. https://www.reuters.com/world/myanmar-junta-chief-makes-another-visit-russia-2022-09-05/.Reuters. “Malaysia Signs $2.3 Billion in Defence Deals at Biennial Fair.” Reuters, May 25, 2023. https://www.reuters.com/article/malaysia-defence-idINL4N37M237.Reuters, “PetroVietnam Says Ukraine-Russia Crisis May Impact New Oil Drilling.” Reuters, March. 10, 2023. https://www.reuters.com/article/vietnam-energy-idUSL3N2VD1FA.Reuters. “Russia Fuel Oil Heading East As EU Embargo Takes Hold.” Reuters, February 6, 2023. https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/russia-fuel-oil-heading-east-eu-embargo-takes-hold-2023-02-06/.Reuters. “Russia Invades Ukraine: Political, Military Leaders’ Reactions.” Reuters, February 24, 2022. https://www.reuters.com/markets/europe/leaders-key-quotes-after-russia-invades-ukraine-2022-02-24/.Reuters. “Russia March Fuel Oil Exports To Singapore And Malaysia Hit Record-Traders, Data.” Reuters, March 29, 2023. https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/russia-march-fuel-oil-exports-singapore-malaysia-hit-record-traders-data-2023-03-29/Reuters. “Russia, Southeast Asia Conclude First Joint Naval Exercise.” Reuters, December 4, 2021. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/russia-southeast-asia-conclude-first-joint-naval-exercise-2021-12-04/.Reuters. “Russia Says It Will Deepen Defence Cooperation With Myanmar.” Reuters, July 13, 2022, https://www.reuters.com/world/russia-says-it-will-deepen-defence-cooperation-with-myanmar-2022-07-12/.Reuters. “U.S. Delivers More Patrol Boats to Vietnam amid Deepening Security Ties.” Reuters, April. 1, 2019. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-vietnam-idUSKCN1RD1YAReuters. “Vietnam Demands Chinese Ship Leave Its Exclusive Economic Zone.” Reuters, May 25, 2023. https://www.reuters.com/world/china/vietnam-demands-chinese-ship-leave-its-exclusive-economic-zone-2023-05-25/.RFA. “Myanmar’s Junta Leader Heaps Praise On Putin At Meeting In Russia.” RFA, September 7, 2022. https://www.rfa.org/english/news/myanmar/myanmar-junta-leader-putin-09072022054527.html.RFA. “Vietnam Hosts Its First International Defense Expo.” RFA, December 8, 2022. https://www.rfa.org/english/news/vietnam/vietnam-defense-expo-12082022030531.html.RFA. “Vietnam Says It Discussed Army Games with Russia, Not Military Drills,” RFA, April 25, 2022. https://www.rfa.org/english/news/vietnam/russia-military-04252022134026.html.RFA. “Russia Says Military Drills Planned With Vietnam.” RFA, April 19, 2022. https://www.rfa.org/english/news/vietnam/russia-military-04192022132730.html.RFA Burmese, “Myanmar Junta Chief Calls For Improved Ties In Talks With Russian Defense. Ministry.” RFA Burmese, July 13, 2022. https://www.rfa.org/english/news/myanmar/ties-07132022202624.html.RFA Burmese, “Myanmar Junta Opens ‘Nuclear Information Center’ in Yangon with Russia’s. Rosatom.” RFA Burmese, February 8, 2023. https://www.rfa.org/english/news/myanmar/nuclear-02082023170437.html.Salna, Karlis and Arys Aditya, “Trump Threat Spurred Indonesia To Drop Russia, China Arms. Deals.” Bloomberg, March 12, 2020, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-12/trump-threat-spurred-indonesia-to-drop-russia-china-arms-deals.Saruga, Tsubasa. “Laos President: Sanction, Embargoes ‘Will Not Make World A Better Place’”. Nikkei Asia, May 27, 2022. https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/The-Future-of-Asia/The-Future-of-Asia-2022/Laos-president-Sanctions-embargoes-will-not-make-world-a-better-place.Sauer, Pjotr. “Myanmar Junta Imported $15M Worth Of Russian Radar Equipment In February.” The. Moscow Times, June 21, 2021. https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/04/20/myanmar-junta-imported-15m-worth-of-russian-radar-equipment-in-february-a73672Simeon, Louise Maureen. “Philippine Exports Vulnerable To Russia-Ukraine War.” Philstar, May 9, 2022. https://www.philstar.com/business/2022/05/09/2179636/philippine-exports-vulnerable-russiaukraine-war.Sochan, Ry. “Cambodia Rejects Meddling in Ukraine ‘Proxy War’: Hun Sen.” The Phnom Penh. Post, March 3, 2022. https://asianews.network/cambodia-rejects-meddling-in-ukraine-proxy-war-hun-sen/.Sochan, Ry. “No Neutrality in Ukraine Row.” The Phnom Penh Post, March 28, 2022, https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national-politics/pm-no-neutrality-ukraine-row.Sochan, Ry. “Will Russia’s Putin Attend Dual ASEAN Summits?” The Phnom Penh Post, November. 1, 2022. https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national-politics/will-russias-putin-attend-dual-asean-summits.Subhani, Ovais. “Indirect Exposure to Russia-Ukraine War Poses Key Risks to Singapore Economy, MAS Says.” The Straits Times, April 28, 2022. https://www.straitstimes.com/business/economy/indirect-exposure-to-russia-ukraine-war-are-key-risks-to-singapore-economy-says-mas.Tamayo, Bernadette E. “PH a ‘Significant Partner’- Russian Envoy.” The Manila Times, June 10, 2023. https://www.manilatimes.net/2023/06/10/news/national/ph-a-significant-partner-russian-envoy/1895398.Tan, Su-Lin. “G-20 Meeting Ends Without Full Consensus; Food Security and Inflation Top Agenda. At Bali Meeting.” CNBC, July 17, 2022. https://www.cnbc.com/2022/07/17/g20-no-full-consensus-food-security-inflation-ukraine-war-top-agenda.html.Tang, See Kit. “Singapore Maintains 2023 GDP Forecast at 0.5% to 2.5%, After Economy Grew. 3.6% Last Year.” Channel News Asia. February 13, 2023. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/mti-singapore-economy-2023-maintain-gdp-forecast-3273471.TASS. “Cambodia Looks Forward to Expanding Military Cooperation with Russia, Says Top Brass.” TASS, August 16, 2022. https://tass.com/world/1494397.TASS. “Eighth International Army Games to Get Rolling Aug 13.” TASS, August 12, 2022. https://tass.com/defense/1492957.TASS. “Eight International Military Exercises to Take Place at Russian Training Ranges in 2023,” TASS, January 1, 2023. https://tass.com/defense/1558379.TASS. “Laos, Russia Kick Off Laros 2022 Joint Counter-Terror Drills.” TASS, November 29, 2022. https://tass.com/defense/1543009.TASS. “Lavrov, Vietnamese Foreign Minister Discuss Economic Problems Caused by US and. Allies.” TASS, July 6, 2022. https://tass.com/politics/1476317.TASS, “Lavrov to Have Talks with Visiting Thai Counterpart on September 5-6 - Foreign Ministry.” TASS, September 5, 2022. https://tass.com/politics/1502919.TASS, “Medvedev Arrives in Hanoi for Talks with Vietnamese Leadership.” TASS, May 22, 2023, https://tass.com/politics/1620817.TASS. “Putin Not Go To East Asia Summit, Says Kremlin Spokesman.” TASS, November 7, 2023. https://tass.com/politics/1533227.TASS. “Russia Ready to Meet Fertilizer Demand of Friendly States – Putin.” TASS, July 1, 2022. https://tass.com/economy/1474159.TASS. “Russia Seeking to Develop Military-Technical Cooperation with Brunei – Defense Official.” TASS, August 15, 2022. https://tass.com/politics/1493597.TASS. “Russia To Continue Cooperation With ASEAN, Focus On Trade Turnover Diversification.” TASS, January 24, 2022. https://tass.com/economy/1566363.TASS. “Russia’s Top Security Official Meets With Peers from Laos, Brunei, Burundi, Philippines,” TASS, May 23, 2023. https://tass.com/defense/1621561.Teng, Yalirozy. “Cambodia Backs UN Vote On Russia’s Ukraine Annexation.” Cambodianess, October 13, 2022. https://cambodianess.com/article/cambodia-backs-un-vote-on-russias-ukraine-annexation.Terazono, Emiko. “Russian Fertiliser Export Revenue Surged 70% In 2022 As Prices Jumped.” Financial Times, January 15, 2023. https://www.ft.com/content/c10bcdb9-d01d-4a01-a4a1-38736e263a1e.Thai PBS World. “Cambodia Offers To Host Russia-Ukraine Talks During ASEAN Summit.” Thai. PBS World, November 1, 2022. https://www.thaipbsworld.com/cambodia-offers-to-host-russia-ukraine-talks-during-asean-summit/.Thai PBS World. “Thailand Will Not Rush to Condemn Russia over Ukraine, Says Foreign Minister. Don.” Thai PBS World, March 1, 2022. https://www.thaipbsworld.com/thailand-will-not-rush-to-condemn-russia-over-ukraine-says-foreign-minister-don/.Thanh, Dat. “Fertilizer Seen Becoming Billion-Dollar Export Earner.” The Saigon Times, November. 23, 2022. https://english.thesaigontimes.vn/fertilizer-seen-becoming-billion-dollar-export-earner/.The Irrawaddy. “A Timeline Of Russia’s Relations With Myanmar Junta Since The Coup.” The. Irrawaddy, February 15, 2023. https://www.irrawaddy.com/specials/a-timeline-of-russias-relations-with-myanmar-junta-since-the-coup.html.The Irrawaddy. “Myanmar Regime Chief Meets Russian Trade Delegation.” The Irrawaddy, March. 15, 2023. https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/myanmar-regime-chief-meets-russian-trade-delegation.html.The Irrawaddy, “Myanmar Regime, Russia Sign Nuclear Cooperation ‘Roadmap’.” The Irrawaddy, September 7, 2022. https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/myanmar-regime-russia-sign-nuclear-cooperation-roadmap.html.The Moscow Times. “Myanmar Buys Diesel Fuel From Russia, Junta Chief Says.” The Moscow. Times, September 7, 2022. https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/09/07/myanmar-buys-diesel-fuel-from-russia-junta-chief-says-a78732.The Moscow Times. “Russia, Southeast Asian States Kick Off First Naval Drills Off Indonesia.” The. Moscow Times, December 1, 2021. https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/12/01/russia-southeast-asian-states-kick-off-first-naval-drills-off-indonesia-a75712.The Nation Thailand. “Thai Exporters Starting To Feel The Pinch Of War And Rising Economic. Woes: TCC.” The Nation Thailand, June 1, 2022. https://www.nationthailand.com/business/40016194.The Nation Thailand. “Ukraine War Blows Huge Hole in Thai Exports to Russia.” The Nation. Thailand, February 21, 2023. https://www.nationthailand.com/thailand/economy/40025063.The Phnom Penh Post. “Cambodia Joins UN In Resolution On Russia.” The Phnom Penh Post, October 13, 2022. https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national-politics/cambodia-joins-un-resolution-russia.The Star. “Malaysia Abstains in Vote to Suspend Russia from UN Rights Council.” The Star, April 8, 2022. https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2022/04/08/malaysia-abstains-from-voting-to-suspend-russia-from-un-human-rights-council.The Star. “M’sia, Russia Set To Ink MoU For Bilateral Trade.” The Star, February 1, 2023. https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2023/02/01/msia-russia-set-to-ink-mou-for-bilateral-trade.The Star. “Semiconductor Sector Likely To Slowdown In 2023: MSIA.” The Star, January 16, 2023. https://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2023/01/16/semiconductor-sector-likely-to-slowdown-in-2023-msia.The Straits Times. “Malaysia Mulls Purchasing Russian Grain To Produce Animal Feed – Mohamad. Sabu.” The Straits Times, May 20, 2023. https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2023/05/911547/malaysia-mulls-purchasing-russian-grain-produce-animal-feed-mohamad-sabu.The Straits Times. “Vietnam Shifts Gears on Arms Trade As It loosens Ties with Russia.” The Straits Times, December 8, 2022. https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/vietnam-shifts-gears-on-arms-trade-as-it-loosens-ties-with-russia.Trompiz, Gus. “Food Prices Hir Record High In March, U.N. Agency Says.” Reuters, April 8, 2022. https://www.reuters.com/world/food-prices-surge-new-record-high-march-un-agency-says-2022-04-08/.Varley, Kevin. “Malaysia Records Trade Surplus For 25th Consecutive Year.” Bloomberg News, January 18, 2023. https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/malaysia-records-trade-surplus-for-25th-consecutive-year-1.1871477.Visapra, Phontham. “Russia’s Dmitry Medvedev in Laos for High-Level Meetings.” The Laotian. Times, May 23, 2023. https://laotiantimes.com/2023/05/23/russian-vice-president-dmitry-medvedev-in-laos-for-high-level-meetings/.Viet Nam News. “First International Defence Expo in Viet Nam Begins December 8.” Viet Nam. News, November 25, 2022. https://vietnamnews.vn/politics-laws/1398397/first-international-defence-expo-in-viet-nam-begins-december-8.html.VNA. “Vietnam Ranks Fifth at Army Games 2022.” VietnamPlus, August 28, 2022. https://en.vietnamplus.vn/vietnam-ranks-fifth-at-army-games-2022/236404.vnp.VnEconomy. “Vietnam & Russia Target $10bln In Two-Way Trade By 2025.” VnEconomy, April 18, 2023. https://vneconomy.vn/vietnam-russia-target-10bln-in-two-way-trade-by-2025.htm.VOA Burmese Service. “Myanmar’s Military Council Supports Russia’s Invasion Of Ukraine.” VOA, February 25, 2022. https://www.voanews.com/a/myanmar-s-military-council-supports-russia-s-invasion-0f-ukraine/6458527.html.Walker, Tommy. “Thousands Of Russians Flee To Thailand To Escape War.” VOA News, February. 25, 2023. https://www.voanews.com/a/thousands-of-russians-flee-to-thailand-to-escape-war-/6979011.htmlYamamoto, Yuji. “Indonesia Shakes Palm Oil Market Again, Eyeing Biodiesel Over Exports.” Nikkei Asia, February 8, 2023. https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Markets/Commodities/Indonesia-shakes-palm-oil-market-again-eyeing-biodiesel-over-exports.Yeung Jessie, Darya Tarasova and Alex Stambaugh. “Putin and Xi Meet Against Backdrop of Growing. Crises for Both Leaders,” CNN, 30 Dec, 2022. https://edition.cnn.com/2022/12/30/asia/china-xi-russia-putin-video-meeting-intl-hnk/index.html.Zan, Hein Htoo. “Russia Uses Myanmar Pipeline To Transport Oil To China.” The Irrawaddy, April. 28, 2023. https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/the-world-myanmar/russia-uses-myanmar-pipeline-to-transport-oil-to-china.html.Zhabina, Alena. “Will Russian Aid For Myanmar Give Moscow An Asian Foothold?” DW, February. 8, 2023, https://www.dw.com/en/will-russian-support-for-myanmar-give-moscow-an-asian-foothold/a-64644348.Zulkifli, Ahmad Mustakim. “Russian Defence Products Missing from Lima 2023.” Malaysia Now, June 29, 2023. https://www.malaysianow.com/news/2023/05/26/russian-defence-products-missing-from-lima-2023.Online Articles:AMRO Asia. “Brunei Darussalem Benefiting From Fuller Economic Re-Opening And Higher. Energy Prices,” AMRO Asia, January 13, 2023. https://www.amro-asia.org/brunei-darussalam-benefiting-from-fuller-economic-re-opening-and-higher-energy-prices/.Bitzinger, A. Richard. “The Russia-Ukraine War: Lessons for Southeast Asia,” Nanyang Technological University Singapore, January 13, 2023. https://www.rsis.edu.sg/rsis-publication/idss/ip23008-the-russia-ukraine-war-lessons-for-southeast-asia/#.ZFDCwOxBwR5.Centre For Strategic and Policy Studies. “Brunei Economic Outlook 2023” Centre for Strategic and Policy Studies, February 2023, http://www.csps.org.bn/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Brunei-Economic-Outlook-2023.pdf.Centre For Strategic and Policy Studies. “Brunei Economic Update,” Centre for Strategic and Policy Studies, August 2022. http://www.csps.org.bn/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Brunei-Economic-Update-August-2022.pdf.Chheang, Vannarith. “Cambodia Hedges.” East Asia Forum, 13 September, 2022. https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2022/09/13/cambodia-hedges/.DBS. “DBS Asian Insights Forum: As Char OF ASEAN Summit 2023, Indonesia Could Turbocharge. Southeast Asia’s Economy.” DBS, March 13, 2023. https://www.dbs.com/newsroom/DBS_Asian_Insights_Forum__As_Chair_of_ASEAN_Summit_2023_Indonesia_could_turbocharge_Southeast_Asia_economyDevonshire-Ellis, Chris. “ASEAN’s Trade Relations with Russia.” ASEAN Briefing, September 6, 2022. https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/aseans-trade-relations-with-russia/.Efimova, Larisa M. “Soviet Policy in Indonesia during the ‘Liberal Democracy’ Period, 1950-1959.” Wilson Center. Accessed July 1, 2023. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/soviet-policy-indonesia-during-the-liberal-democracy-period-1950-1959.Gardner, Tony and Ylva Rylander, “Indonesia Makes Progress Towards Zero Palm Oil Deforestation. - But Gains In Forest Protection Are Fragile.” Stockholm Environment Institute, September 15, 2022. https://www.sei.org/featured/zero-palm-oil-deforestation/.Glauber, Joseph, David Laborde and Abdullah Mamun. “The Impact Of The Ukraine Crisis On The. Global Vegetable Oil Market.” International Food Policy Research Institute, May 3, 2022. https://www.ifpri.org/blog/impact-ukraine-crisis-global-vegetable-oil-marketGref, German. “Russia And Southeast Asia: Commitment To Cooperation,” RIA Novosti [Russian. Information Agency News]. May 23, 2007.Hayton, Bill. “ASEAN is Slowly Finding Its Voice over Ukraine.” Chatham House, March 4, 2022, https://www.chathamhouse.org/2022/03/asean-slowly-finding-its-voice-over-ukraine.Hayton, Bill. “China’s Intimidation Exposes Vietnam’s Lack of Deterrence.” Chatham House. 26 April, 2018. https://www.almendron.com/tribuna/chinas-intimidation-exposes-vietnams-lack-of-deterrence/.Ian Storey, “The War in Ukraine: Camodia’s Surprisingly Hard-line Stand”, FULCRUM, 25 May, 2022. https://fulcrum.sg/the-war-in-ukraine-cambodias-surprisingly-hard-line-stand/.IEA. “Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2019.” IEA, October 2019. https://www.iea.org/reports/southeast-asia-energy-outlook-2019.IEA. “Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2022.” IEA, May 2022. https://www.iea.org/reports/southeast- asia-energy-outlook-2022/key-findings.Kuik, Cheng-Chwee, “Hedging in Post-Pandemic Asia: What, How, and Why?” Asan Forum 8, no.5. 2020. https://theasanforum.org/hedging-in-post-pandemic-asia-what-how-and-why/.Lee, Kare and Gregory B. Poling. “The Latest On Southeast Asia: March 2, 2023,” CSIS Blogs. March 2, 2023. https://www.csis.org/blogs/latest-southeast-asia/latest-southeast-asia-march-2-2023.Maybank. “War and Sanctions: The Collateral Damage on ASEAN.” Maybank, March 8, 2022. https://mkefactsettd.maybank-ke.com/PDFS/254961.pdf.Mathieu, Hans. “Indonesia: A new Mediator between Russia and Ukraine?” IPS Journal, July 8, 2022. https://www.ips-journal.eu/topics/foreign-and-security-policy/indonesia-a-new-mediator-between-russia-and-ukraine-6052/.Rosoboronexport. “Cooperation with Malaysia.” Rosoboronexport, 2023. https://roe.ru/eng/export/malayziya/.Saha, Premesha. “The Ongoing Russia-Ukraine Conflict: Impact On Southeast Asia.” ORF, March. 11, 2023. https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/the-ongoing-russia-ukraine-conflict-impact-on-southeast-asia/.Samavong, Chanhsy and Buavanh Vilavong, “Laos Must Address Rising Inflation In 2023.” East. Asia Forum, February 1, 2023. https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2023/02/01/laos-must-address-rising-inflation-in-2023/.SKRINE. “The European Union is Cracking Down on the Circumvention on Its Sanctions Against. Russia: Why Any Company in Malaysia Should Take Note of the European Union’s Latest Sanctions Package.” June 28, 2023. https://www.skrine.com/insights/alerts/june-2023/the-european-union-is-cracking-down-on-the-circumv.Storey, Ian. “The Russia-Ukraine War And Its Potential Impact On Russia’s Arms Sales To Southeast. Asia.” FULCRUM, May 6, 2022. https://fulcrum.sg/the-russia-ukraine-war-and-its-potential-impact-on-russias-arms-sales-to-southeast-asia/.Thiha, Amara and James Crabtree. “Myanmar’s Twin Objectives in Drawing Closer to Russia.” IISS, September 15, 2022. https://www.iiss.org/online-analysis/online-analysis/2022/09/myanmars-twin-objectives-in-drawing-closer-to-russia/.Yanovsky, Oleg. “Russia Looks East To Trade.” East Asia Forum, 9 May 2023. https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2023/05/09/russia-looks-east-to-trade/.Online Databases:Our World In Data. “Trade As Share Of GDP, 1960 to 2020,” Our World In Data, 2023. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/trade-as-share-of-gdp?country=VNM~HKG~SGP.Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. “SIPRI Arms Transfers Database.” March 14, 2022. https://www.sipri.org/databases/armstransfers.United Nations. “UN Comtrade Database.” 2022. https://comtradeplus.un.org/. zh_TW
