| dc.contributor.advisor | 林鎮國 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Lin, Chen-kuo | en_US |
| dc.contributor.author (Authors) | 高蓮安 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author (Authors) | Gessler, Elena | en_US |
| dc.creator (作者) | 高蓮安 | zh_TW |
| dc.creator (作者) | Gessler, Elena | en_US |
| dc.date (日期) | 2023 | en_US |
| dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) | G0102154506 | en_US |
| dc.description (描述) | 博士 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 國立政治大學 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 哲學系 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 102154506 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract (摘要) | 本論文聚焦於王肯堂（ 1549 － 1613）的知識與思想世界，以王肯堂為主，特別措意明末時期的知識人如何認識世界與自我這個問題。 王肯堂能夠聯合似乎無關的思想領域聯繫起來，比如：醫學， 意識哲學（唯識學）， 法律，耶穌會傳入的西學， 書法，詩歌理論， 倫理學等。 我論文以王肯堂對於「認識到世界」的理解為軸，以他如何探討視覺以及眼識為主要議題。 對王肯堂而言，人如何認識外世界、透過哪一些方法得到相關外在世界的知識，這個問題對他而言顯得十分重要，故此在他的著作裡，頻頻以哲學角度或 從醫學角度 或從西方傳入科學的角度來討論這些問題。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract (摘要) | The dissertation centers on the figure of Wang Kentang - an outstanding late Ming scholar-official and polymath who contributed to the many fields of knowledge: Chinese medicine, Ming law, Buddhist studies, calligraphy, classical Confucian commentaries, and even the adaptation and spread of Western knowledge. The Late Ming intellectual landscape was a complex fusion of different intellectual trends, as late Ming literati frequently transcended the categories of classical Confucian rationalism. The social and cultural changes that late Ming society faced shaped literati’s quest for knowledge and tested the boundaries of a Confucian scholar, allowing him to adopt new socio-intellectual identities.
Wang Kentang has not yet received sufficient attention from modern scholarship, despite being a promising object for research. Even the fact that Kentang was officially recognized in the History of Ming (Ming shi 明史) as an outstanding physician and his rich textual legacy in this field did not sufficiently stimulate academic research of his medical thought.
The general leitmotif of the thesis is to understand the way late Ming literati thought of acquiring knowledge of the surrounding world, primarily through visual perception, how they envisioned the epistemological means and conditions for producing valid knowledge, and how these epistemological ideas were put into practice in the life and writings of such exemplary "man of époque" as Wang Kentang. To understand the way Wang Kentang (and late Ming literati in general) theorized on the means of knowing and perceiving the world and the way it influenced his "epistemological quest," I have chosen several `intellectual identities` of Wang Kentang, on which I focus my attention: unsuccessful scholar-official; famous physician, labeled as 儒醫 ruyi; lay Buddhist, who took an active part in Yogācāra revival effort of master Zibo Zhenke紫柏真可 and his circle; open-minded Chinese literati, who interacted with the first generation of Jesuits (namely, Matteo Ricci). Each of these identities represents a specific sociocultural process of late Ming society and reflects the trends of thinking and epistemological aspirations of late Ming literati.
The dissertation shows the close relationship between Wang Kentang`s sociocultural identities and the fields of knowledge he dedicated his efforts to. Furthermore, it helps to outline the consistency of Wang Kentang`s quest for knowledge despite the diversification of his scholarly attention. To make a bridge between Wang Kentang`s theorizing on the acquisition of knowledge and the practical application of epistemological theory, I explore his (and, through him - a broader picture of late Ming thinkers) ideas on visual sense and visual cognition. The topic of physiological and cognitive aspects of eyesight and visual perception, and even a discussion of a foreign perspective, allowed me to combine all major Wang Kentang`s identities and, therefore, the main fields of knowledge that his scholarship touched upon. | en_US |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | Abbreviations 7
Introduction
Research Problematic Justification 8
The Research Literature Review 14
Aims and Objectives 20
Research 23
Structure of the Thesis 25
Chapter One: Personal Story of a Late Ming Scholar in the Social and Intellectual Networks 26
1.1. Meeting Family’s Expectations and Fighting Anxiety by Becoming Jinshi 26
1.2. A Rough Path of Refining Oneself as a Scholar-Official 46
1.3. From Hanlin`s Historiographer Back to Jintan Village 56
Chapter Two: “If One Does Not Become a Good Prime Minister, then He Should Become a Good Physician”: Wang Kentang’s Identity as a ruyi (儒醫) 60
2.1. Generic Traits of Late Ming Scholar-Physicians in Kentang’s Medical Biography 61
2.2. Personal Medical Story of Wang Kentang 79
2.3. A Short Note on the Bridge Between “Medical” and “Buddhist” Identities 100
Chapter Three: Wang Kentang as a True Vijñānavādin: Zibo Zhenke’s 紫柏真可 Circle and the Intellectual Network of the Late Ming Yogācāra Revival 103
3.1 The Intellectual Background for Late Ming Yogācāra Studies Revival within Buddhist Tradition and Zibo Zhenke’s Ideas 105
3.2 Wang Kentang’s Buddhist Path as Zibo Zhenke’s Disciple and Beyond 119
3.3. Wang Kentang’s Yogācāra Studies as the Means to the Right Cultivation? 145
Chapter Four: Wang Kentang as a Late Ming Polymath: Aims, Means, and Methodolog 148
4.1. Physical, Cognitive, and Foreign Aspects of Seeing and Perceiving 165
Chapter Five: Seeing through the Light of Shen: The Sense of Sight and Visual Perception from Wang Kentang’s Physicalist Point of View 174
5.1. Eye as a Morphological Unit in the Huangdi Neijing System of Thought 175
5.1.1. Some Lingvo-cultural Observations on Body as a Lived/Living Unity 179
5.2. General Classification of Inner Organs in HDNJ System of Thought 184
5.2.1 Is an Eye a Guan 官 or an Orifice qiao 竅? 190
5.3. Indian Influence on Chinese Understanding of Eyes Physiology and Vision System 200
5.3.1 Theory of Five Wheels: Derivation and Adaptation 213
5.4. Wang Kentang`s Innovative Approach to the Previous Ideas 224
5.4.1. Wang Kentang`s General Physiological Theory of the Eye Organ 227
5.4.2. The Innovativeness of Wang Kentang`s Five Wheel Theory 242
Concluding Remarks 254
Chapter Six: The Eye Apprehending the Form: Visual Consciousness in the Context of Late Ming Yogācāra Buddhism 257
6.1. Late Ming Revival of Yogācāric Perception Model through Yongming Yanshou’s Zongjing lu 260
6.2. Wang Kentang’s Understanding of Visual Consciousness as a Part of Late Ming Bashi Guiju Song Tradition 272
6.3. Understanding the True Nature of Dreams from the Late Ming Yogācārin Point of View 299
Concluding Remarks 319
Chapter Seven: Does Aristotle View Things in the Same Way as Confucius? 322
7.1. Some Notes on Contacts between Wang Kentang and Matteo Ricci 323
7.2. Overview of General Ideas on Visual Perception and Related Epistemological Positions behind the Optical Demonstrations in Wang Kentang’s YGZBZ 340
7.3. Matteo Ricci’s and Fellow Jesuits’ Understanding of the Mechanisms of Visual Perception in contrast to Buddhi 355
7.4. The Response that Never Happened: How Would Wang Kentang’s Refute Ricci`s Position 373
Concluding Remarks 394
Conclusion 396
Appendix 1. Wang Kentang’s Biographical Chronicle 403
Appendix 2. Table of Wang Kentang`s Works 410
Bibliography 416 | zh_TW |
| dc.source.uri (資料來源) | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102154506 | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 晚明思想 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 王肯堂 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 晚明醫學 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 晚明唯識學 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 視覺 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 知識論 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 利瑪竇 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 晚明佛教－耶穌會思想對話 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 晚明眼科學 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Wang Kentang | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Late Ming studies | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Late Ming medicine | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Visual perception | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Epistemology | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Late Ming Yogācāra revival | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Late Ming intellectual networks | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Mind-body relationship | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Late Ming ophthalmological thought | en_US |
| dc.title (題名) | 透過眼睛認識事物：王肯堂的知識世界 | zh_TW |
| dc.title (題名) | Using One’s Eyes to Apprehend Things: Wang Kentang’s World of Knowledge in Late Ming China | en_US |
| dc.type (資料類型) | thesis | - |
