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題名 戴維斯的應報主義探究
On Michael Davis’s Retributivism作者 鄭媁薷
Cheng, Wei-Ju貢獻者 鄭光明
Cheng, Kuang-Ming
鄭媁薷
Cheng, Wei-Ju關鍵詞 刑罰
應報主義
效益主義
應報主義之尺
比例原則
Punishment
Retributivism
Utilitarianism
Retributivist ruler
Lex talionis日期 2023 上傳時間 1-Sep-2023 16:19:22 (UTC+8) 摘要 關於「刑罰是否在道德上站得住腳 (morally justified)」此一問題,最著名的討論為應報主義(retributivism)與效益主義(utilitarianism)兩大主張。傳統贊成刑罰的論證多以應報主義為立論基礎,而效益主義雖同樣支持刑罰,但其支持的理由卻與應報主義大相逕庭。本篇論文礙於篇幅,無法處理所有的應報主義,而係將重點聚焦於當代英美法哲學家Michael Davis對於應報主義的刑罰主張,深入探討應報主義的刑罰理論基礎並釐清相關問題。筆者將在本文指出「刑罰之正當性基礎」應是應報主義與效益主義共同面臨的問題,而其中以「公平遊戲論」作為應報主義的正當性基礎,相較其他類型之應報主義更為言之成理。此外,Michael Davis為了證明刑罰能透過單純應報主義證成,試圖提出應報主義七步驟之理論,以及犯罪許可證交易市場的思想實驗。我也將在本文中主張Davis的理論與思想實驗有哪些問題,一一指出問題點並提出筆者的見解。最後,儘管應報主義是義務論所衍生而出的理論,但筆者認為,應報主義的理論內部存在「應報主義之尺」的問題暫無法解決, Davis的思想實驗亦未能解決該等問題,且其思想實驗若要能夠實際運作,仍可能需帶入效益主義。 參考文獻 許家馨(2014)。應報即復仇?-當代應報理論及其對死刑之意涵初探。中研院法學期刊,(15),207–282。Bedau, Hugo Adam.(1978). “Retribution and the Theory of Punishment,” Journal of Philosophy, 75: 601–620.Bedau, Hugo Adam. (2017). Punishment. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Archive. https://plato.stanford.edu/Archives/Win2017/entries/punishment/Benn, S.I.(1967). “Punishment" in The Encyclopedia of Philosophy, vol. 7. ed. Paul. Edwards, 8 vols. London: Macmillan Publishers; New York: Free Press.Bentham , Jeremy(1789). An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation . Oxford: Clarendon PressCottingham, John (1979). Varieties of Retribution. Philosophical Quarterly, 29, 116: 238-246.Bentham, Jeremy.(1823). An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation. London: W. Pickering, and R. Wilson.Dagger, Richard.(1993).Playing Fair with Punishment, Ethics, Vol. 103, No. 3(pp.473-488).Davis, Michael.(1983). “How to Make the Punishment Fit the Crime.” Ethics. Vol. 93, No. 4(pp.726-752).Davis, Michael.(1992). To Make the Punishment Fit the Crime: Essays in the Theory of Criminal Justice. Boulder, CO: Westview.Davis, Michael.(1996). Justice in the Shadow of Death; Rowman & Littlefield Pub Inc.Dolinko, David.(1994). ”Mismeasuring "Unfair Advantage": A Response to Michael Davis” Law and Philosophy. Vol. 13, No. 4(pp. 493-524).Fingarette, Herbert. (1978). “Punishment and Suffering,” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Association, 50: 499–525.Hart, H.L.A.(1969).“The Presidential Address: Prolegomenon to the Principles of Punishment.” in Punishment and Responsibility. Oxford University Press.Kramer, Matthew H.(2011). “Retributivism in the Spirit of Finnis.” in University of Cambridge Faculty of Law Research Paper No. 43(pp.167-185).Moore, Michael S.(1987). “The Moral Worth of Retribution,” in Ferdinand Schoeman(ed.), Responsibility, Character, and the Emotions: New Essays in Moral Psychology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Fingarette , Herbert .(1977)Punishment and Suffering. Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association, Vol. 50, No. 6 (pp. 499-525).Mill, John Stuart.(1950). On Bentham and Coleridge. New York: Harper & Brothers.Morris, Herbert(1968). Persons and Punishment. The Monist, Vol 52, Issue 4(pp.475-501).Pincoffs, Edmund.(1977). Are Questions of Desert Decidable? In J. B. Cederblom and William Blizek(eds.), Justice and Punishment(pp. 75–88). Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.Primoratz, Igor.(1989). Justifying Legal Punishment, Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press.Rachels, James.(2003). The Elements of Moral Philosophy. 4th ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill.Scheid, Don E.(1983). Kant’s Retributivism. Ethics. Vol. 93, No. 2(pp. 262-282).Scheid, Don E.(1995). Davis, Unfair Advantage Theory, and Criminal Desert. Law and Philosophy, Vol. 14, No. 3/4(pp. 375-409). 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
哲學系
106154001資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106154001 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 鄭光明 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Cheng, Kuang-Ming en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 鄭媁薷 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Cheng, Wei-Ju en_US dc.creator (作者) 鄭媁薷 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Cheng, Wei-Ju en_US dc.date (日期) 2023 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Sep-2023 16:19:22 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Sep-2023 16:19:22 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Sep-2023 16:19:22 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0106154001 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/147262 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 哲學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 106154001 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 關於「刑罰是否在道德上站得住腳 (morally justified)」此一問題,最著名的討論為應報主義(retributivism)與效益主義(utilitarianism)兩大主張。傳統贊成刑罰的論證多以應報主義為立論基礎,而效益主義雖同樣支持刑罰,但其支持的理由卻與應報主義大相逕庭。本篇論文礙於篇幅,無法處理所有的應報主義,而係將重點聚焦於當代英美法哲學家Michael Davis對於應報主義的刑罰主張,深入探討應報主義的刑罰理論基礎並釐清相關問題。筆者將在本文指出「刑罰之正當性基礎」應是應報主義與效益主義共同面臨的問題,而其中以「公平遊戲論」作為應報主義的正當性基礎,相較其他類型之應報主義更為言之成理。此外,Michael Davis為了證明刑罰能透過單純應報主義證成,試圖提出應報主義七步驟之理論,以及犯罪許可證交易市場的思想實驗。我也將在本文中主張Davis的理論與思想實驗有哪些問題,一一指出問題點並提出筆者的見解。最後,儘管應報主義是義務論所衍生而出的理論,但筆者認為,應報主義的理論內部存在「應報主義之尺」的問題暫無法解決, Davis的思想實驗亦未能解決該等問題,且其思想實驗若要能夠實際運作,仍可能需帶入效益主義。 zh_TW dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 5第一節 刑罰理論的分類 5第二節 由尊重原則衍生的應報主義 6第三節 應報主義的概念分析 8第二章 九種應報主義 10第一節 償還論 (Repayment Theory) 10第二節 應得論 (Desert Theory) 12第三節 懲罰論 (Penalty Theory) 13第四節 極小論 (Minimalism) 15第五節 滿足論 (Satisfaction Theory) 17第六節 公平遊戲論(Fair play Theory) 19第七節 撫慰論 (Placation Theory) 22第八節 復原論 (Annulment Theory) 24第九節 譴責論 (Denunciation Theory) 26第十節 小結 26第三章 應報主義之尺 28第一節 比例原則所延伸之「尺的問題」 29第二節 Bedau的觀點─解決應報主義之尺需效益主義 30第四章 Davis的主張 32第一節 Davis定義刑罰理論的條件 32第二節 刑罰理論無須效益 35第三節 應報主義不需要效益主義證成的理由 37第一項 「刑罰的好壞是不可能實際測試」之理由 37第二項 主張效益主義將犯下「全知科學的謬誤」之理由 39第四節 替代效益主義的「應報主義七步驟」 40第五節 思想實驗─犯罪許可證交易市場 43第五章 Davis的Unfair advantage及許可證交易市場有什麼問題 47第一節 全知科學謬誤──穿越時空的謬誤 47第二節 下午茶的世界觀選擇 49第一項 除非用抽籤,否則都會有效益主義注入 49第二項 筆者對Davis主張的三個質疑 55第三項 Davis誤將效益主義思維與科學實驗混淆──強弱版本的效益主義之爭 57第四項 合乎比例原則一定都是好的選擇嗎? 64第三節 unfair advantage的指涉不明確──公平的幸福砝碼天秤 66第四節 許可證市場的兩個缺失 69第五節 刑罰的無知之幕實驗 72第六節 大學生捫心自問思想實驗 77第七節 另一個捫心自問思想實驗(界線問題) 79第八節 方法上的範疇錯誤的問題 82第九節 應報主義七步驟(7 Steps)的問題 87第十節 預防犯罪動機預設嚇阻作用,涉及效益主義 90第十一節 Kramer對Davis的四大質疑 91第一項 第一質疑:需預設前提的許可證市場 91第二項 第二質疑:詭異的許可證價格、排名與運作 92第三項 第三質疑:應報主義七步驟與許可證拍賣市場角度不同 96第四項 第四質疑:不連貫的許可證交易市場 98第六章 結論:合理的刑罰論 102第一節 刑罰正當性為共同的根本性問題 102第二節 Davis的犯罪許可證交易市場不成功 106第三節 應報主義之尺仍需帶入效益主義 106參考文獻 108 zh_TW dc.format.extent 1512457 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106154001 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 刑罰 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 應報主義 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 效益主義 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 應報主義之尺 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 比例原則 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Punishment en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Retributivism en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Utilitarianism en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Retributivist ruler en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Lex talionis en_US dc.title (題名) 戴維斯的應報主義探究 zh_TW dc.title (題名) On Michael Davis’s Retributivism en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 許家馨(2014)。應報即復仇?-當代應報理論及其對死刑之意涵初探。中研院法學期刊,(15),207–282。Bedau, Hugo Adam.(1978). “Retribution and the Theory of Punishment,” Journal of Philosophy, 75: 601–620.Bedau, Hugo Adam. (2017). Punishment. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Archive. https://plato.stanford.edu/Archives/Win2017/entries/punishment/Benn, S.I.(1967). “Punishment" in The Encyclopedia of Philosophy, vol. 7. ed. Paul. Edwards, 8 vols. London: Macmillan Publishers; New York: Free Press.Bentham , Jeremy(1789). An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation . Oxford: Clarendon PressCottingham, John (1979). Varieties of Retribution. Philosophical Quarterly, 29, 116: 238-246.Bentham, Jeremy.(1823). An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation. London: W. Pickering, and R. Wilson.Dagger, Richard.(1993).Playing Fair with Punishment, Ethics, Vol. 103, No. 3(pp.473-488).Davis, Michael.(1983). “How to Make the Punishment Fit the Crime.” Ethics. Vol. 93, No. 4(pp.726-752).Davis, Michael.(1992). To Make the Punishment Fit the Crime: Essays in the Theory of Criminal Justice. Boulder, CO: Westview.Davis, Michael.(1996). Justice in the Shadow of Death; Rowman & Littlefield Pub Inc.Dolinko, David.(1994). ”Mismeasuring "Unfair Advantage": A Response to Michael Davis” Law and Philosophy. Vol. 13, No. 4(pp. 493-524).Fingarette, Herbert. (1978). “Punishment and Suffering,” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Association, 50: 499–525.Hart, H.L.A.(1969).“The Presidential Address: Prolegomenon to the Principles of Punishment.” in Punishment and Responsibility. Oxford University Press.Kramer, Matthew H.(2011). “Retributivism in the Spirit of Finnis.” in University of Cambridge Faculty of Law Research Paper No. 43(pp.167-185).Moore, Michael S.(1987). “The Moral Worth of Retribution,” in Ferdinand Schoeman(ed.), Responsibility, Character, and the Emotions: New Essays in Moral Psychology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Fingarette , Herbert .(1977)Punishment and Suffering. Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association, Vol. 50, No. 6 (pp. 499-525).Mill, John Stuart.(1950). On Bentham and Coleridge. New York: Harper & Brothers.Morris, Herbert(1968). Persons and Punishment. The Monist, Vol 52, Issue 4(pp.475-501).Pincoffs, Edmund.(1977). Are Questions of Desert Decidable? In J. B. Cederblom and William Blizek(eds.), Justice and Punishment(pp. 75–88). Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.Primoratz, Igor.(1989). Justifying Legal Punishment, Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press.Rachels, James.(2003). The Elements of Moral Philosophy. 4th ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill.Scheid, Don E.(1983). Kant’s Retributivism. Ethics. Vol. 93, No. 2(pp. 262-282).Scheid, Don E.(1995). Davis, Unfair Advantage Theory, and Criminal Desert. Law and Philosophy, Vol. 14, No. 3/4(pp. 375-409). zh_TW