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題名 俄中北極戰略之比較研究
A Comparative Study on Russia’s and China’s Arctic Strategies
作者 郭大維
Kuo, Ta-Wei
貢獻者 林永芳
Lin, Yung-Fang
郭大維
Kuo, Ta-Wei
關鍵詞 北極
北極戰略
俄羅斯
中國
地緣政治理論
Arctic
Arctic Strategy
Russia
China
Geopolitical theory
日期 2023
上傳時間 1-Sep-2023 16:35:55 (UTC+8)
摘要 隨著溫室效應的加劇,世界正在迎接著前所未有的新氣候。隨著北極海冰的逐年消融,意味著北冰洋將可能在2040至2060年間完全通航,其連帶顯露出的巨大地緣政治價值自然是國家行為者難以忽視的新現實。千禧年後,各國逐漸意識到北極巨大的地緣政治驅動力,不僅北極國家大力地開發北極,非北極國家也試圖參與北極事務,使得北極議題與北極事務的政治重要性逐漸上升。\n本文之目的,是以地緣政治理論為出發點,深入比較俄羅斯聯邦與中華人民共和國北極戰略的異同。俄羅斯與中國,作為北極與非北極國家,分別頒布了一系列的國家北極政策,並積極地開展實際的北極戰略作為。俄羅斯作為最大的北極國家,在北極坐有得天獨厚的地緣優勢。在2020年發布的《俄羅斯聯邦2035年前及長期遠景的國家北極政策基礎》中,俄方將開發北極資源與維護國家安全列為北極事務中的最優先目標,而俄烏戰爭的發生,卻嚴重影響了俄羅斯的北極戰略,更是促使其重新思考北極戰略走向的一大變因。中國方面,作為最有力的非北極國家之一,在2018年公布的《中國北極政策白皮書中》中,首次將自己定義為「近北極國家」,並強調中國是北極的「重要利益攸關方」,並將以「不越位,不缺位」的態度參與北極事務,復又加深了北極政治的複雜性。\n俄中同為執國際事務牛耳的大國,在北極的互動淵遠流長,而俄中的北極戰略,更是牽動北極地緣政治走向的影響因子。然而,同受於北極地緣政治驅動力的俄羅斯與中國,卻產生了相異的北極地緣政治觀,而俄中的北極戰略,也進而呈現出相異的戰略目標與地緣政治上的意涵。隨著北極議題的矚目度逐年上升,不僅政策制定者積極尋求北極地緣政治上的機遇,研究者也相當關切北極的國際關係互動與地緣政治走向。
As the intensification of the greenhouse effect continues, the world is facing unprecedented new climates. With the annual melting of Arctic Sea ice, it implies that the Arctic Ocean could become fully navigable between 2040 and 2060, revealing a significant geopolitical value that national actors cannot ignore. After the millennium, countries gradually realized the immense geopolitical impetus of the Arctic. Not only are Arctic nations vigorously developing the region, but non-Arctic countries are also attempting to participate in Arctic affairs, gradually elevating the political significance of Arctic issues and affairs.\n\nThe purpose of this article is to use geopolitics theory as a starting point to deeply compare the similarities and differences in the Arctic strategies of the Russian Federation and the People`s Republic of China. Russia and China, as Arctic and non-Arctic countries respectively, have each issued a series of national Arctic policies and are actively pursuing practical Arctic strategies. Russia, being the largest Arctic country, holds unique geographical advantages in the region. In its 2020 “Basic Principles of the State Policy of the Russian Federation in the Arctic for the Period up to 2035 and Beyond,” Russia prioritizes the development of Arctic resources and the protection of national security in Arctic affairs. However, the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine war has significantly impacted Russia`s Arctic strategy, prompting a major reconsideration of its direction. On Chinese side, as one of the most influential non-Arctic countries, China defined itself as a “Near-Arctic State” for the first time in its 2018 “China`s Arctic Policy White Paper.” China emphasizes its status as an “important stakeholder” in the Arctic and commits to participating in Arctic affairs with a “not to interfere, not to absent” attitude, further complicating Arctic geopolitics.\n\nBoth Russia and China are major global players in international affairs, and their interactions in the Arctic have a long history. Their Arctic strategies also play a role in influencing the geopolitical direction of the region. However, despite being driven by Arctic geopolitical forces, Russia and China have developed distinct geopolitical perspectives on the Arctic, leading to divergent strategic goals and implications. As the attention on Arctic issues continues to rise, not only policymakers are actively seeking geopolitical opportunities, but researchers are also highly concerned about international interactions and geopolitical trends in the Arctic.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
俄羅斯研究所
110263008
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110263008
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 林永芳zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Lin, Yung-Fangen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 郭大維zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Kuo, Ta-Weien_US
dc.creator (作者) 郭大維zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Kuo, Ta-Weien_US
dc.date (日期) 2023en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Sep-2023 16:35:55 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Sep-2023 16:35:55 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Sep-2023 16:35:55 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0110263008en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/item?item_id=166802-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 俄羅斯研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 110263008zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 隨著溫室效應的加劇,世界正在迎接著前所未有的新氣候。隨著北極海冰的逐年消融,意味著北冰洋將可能在2040至2060年間完全通航,其連帶顯露出的巨大地緣政治價值自然是國家行為者難以忽視的新現實。千禧年後,各國逐漸意識到北極巨大的地緣政治驅動力,不僅北極國家大力地開發北極,非北極國家也試圖參與北極事務,使得北極議題與北極事務的政治重要性逐漸上升。\n本文之目的,是以地緣政治理論為出發點,深入比較俄羅斯聯邦與中華人民共和國北極戰略的異同。俄羅斯與中國,作為北極與非北極國家,分別頒布了一系列的國家北極政策,並積極地開展實際的北極戰略作為。俄羅斯作為最大的北極國家,在北極坐有得天獨厚的地緣優勢。在2020年發布的《俄羅斯聯邦2035年前及長期遠景的國家北極政策基礎》中,俄方將開發北極資源與維護國家安全列為北極事務中的最優先目標,而俄烏戰爭的發生,卻嚴重影響了俄羅斯的北極戰略,更是促使其重新思考北極戰略走向的一大變因。中國方面,作為最有力的非北極國家之一,在2018年公布的《中國北極政策白皮書中》中,首次將自己定義為「近北極國家」,並強調中國是北極的「重要利益攸關方」,並將以「不越位,不缺位」的態度參與北極事務,復又加深了北極政治的複雜性。\n俄中同為執國際事務牛耳的大國,在北極的互動淵遠流長,而俄中的北極戰略,更是牽動北極地緣政治走向的影響因子。然而,同受於北極地緣政治驅動力的俄羅斯與中國,卻產生了相異的北極地緣政治觀,而俄中的北極戰略,也進而呈現出相異的戰略目標與地緣政治上的意涵。隨著北極議題的矚目度逐年上升,不僅政策制定者積極尋求北極地緣政治上的機遇,研究者也相當關切北極的國際關係互動與地緣政治走向。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) As the intensification of the greenhouse effect continues, the world is facing unprecedented new climates. With the annual melting of Arctic Sea ice, it implies that the Arctic Ocean could become fully navigable between 2040 and 2060, revealing a significant geopolitical value that national actors cannot ignore. After the millennium, countries gradually realized the immense geopolitical impetus of the Arctic. Not only are Arctic nations vigorously developing the region, but non-Arctic countries are also attempting to participate in Arctic affairs, gradually elevating the political significance of Arctic issues and affairs.\n\nThe purpose of this article is to use geopolitics theory as a starting point to deeply compare the similarities and differences in the Arctic strategies of the Russian Federation and the People`s Republic of China. Russia and China, as Arctic and non-Arctic countries respectively, have each issued a series of national Arctic policies and are actively pursuing practical Arctic strategies. Russia, being the largest Arctic country, holds unique geographical advantages in the region. In its 2020 “Basic Principles of the State Policy of the Russian Federation in the Arctic for the Period up to 2035 and Beyond,” Russia prioritizes the development of Arctic resources and the protection of national security in Arctic affairs. However, the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine war has significantly impacted Russia`s Arctic strategy, prompting a major reconsideration of its direction. On Chinese side, as one of the most influential non-Arctic countries, China defined itself as a “Near-Arctic State” for the first time in its 2018 “China`s Arctic Policy White Paper.” China emphasizes its status as an “important stakeholder” in the Arctic and commits to participating in Arctic affairs with a “not to interfere, not to absent” attitude, further complicating Arctic geopolitics.\n\nBoth Russia and China are major global players in international affairs, and their interactions in the Arctic have a long history. Their Arctic strategies also play a role in influencing the geopolitical direction of the region. However, despite being driven by Arctic geopolitical forces, Russia and China have developed distinct geopolitical perspectives on the Arctic, leading to divergent strategic goals and implications. As the attention on Arctic issues continues to rise, not only policymakers are actively seeking geopolitical opportunities, but researchers are also highly concerned about international interactions and geopolitical trends in the Arctic.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1\n第一節 研究動機與目的 1\n一、 研究動機 1\n二、 研究目的 4\n第二節 文獻檢閱 5\n一、 北極地緣政治 5\n二、 俄羅斯的北極戰略 7\n三、 中國的北極戰略 11\n第三節 研究途徑與方法 16\n一、 研究途徑 16\n二、 研究方法 23\n第四節 研究範圍與限制 25\n一、 研究範圍 25\n二、 研究限制 26\n第五節 章節安排 27\n第二章 俄羅斯的北極戰略 28\n第一節 安全層面 29\n一、 俄羅斯的安全威脅認知 31\n二、 俄羅斯北極安全學說與法律條文 34\n三、 俄羅斯北極軍事能力與部署 38\n第二節 能源層面 43\n一、 俄羅斯北極能源戰略的現況與挑戰 46\n二、 俄羅斯北極能源戰略的發展與修正 49\n第三節 科學研究層面 54\n一、 俄羅斯北極科學研究的現況與挑戰 56\n二、 俄羅斯北極科學研究下的生態與環境保護 64\n三、 俄羅斯北極科學與環境保護戰略官方文件 67\n第四節 小結 72\n第三章 中國的北極戰略 73\n第一節 安全層面 76\n一、 中國的安全威脅認知77\n二、 中國北極安全學說與法律條文 81\n三、 中國北極軍事能力 87\n第二節 能源層面 90\n一、 中國北極能源戰略的現況與挑戰 92\n二、 中國北極能源戰略的發展與修正 98\n第三節 科學研究層面 101\n一、 中國北極科學研究的現況與挑戰 103\n二、 中國北極科研與環保戰略的發展與修正 108\n第四節 小結 112\n第四章 俄羅斯與中國的北極戰略比較 113\n第一節 安全層面 113\n一、 地緣政治驅動力 113\n二、 戰略文件 115\n三、 戰略優先事項 117\n第二節 能源層面 118\n一、 地緣政治驅動力118\n二、 戰略文件 121\n三、 戰略優先事項 123\n第三節 科學研究層面 123\n一、 地緣政治驅動力 124\n二、 戰略文件 126\n三、 戰略優先事項 127\n第四節 小結 129\n第五章 結論 131\n第一節 研究發現 131\n第二節 後續研究建議 134\n參考文獻 136\n中文部分 136\n英文部分 141\n俄文部分 148zh_TW
dc.format.extent 5019864 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110263008en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 北極zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 北極戰略zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 俄羅斯zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 中國zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 地緣政治理論zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Arcticen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Arctic Strategyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Russiaen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Chinaen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Geopolitical theoryen_US
dc.title (題名) 俄中北極戰略之比較研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) A Comparative Study on Russia’s and China’s Arctic Strategiesen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文部分\n專書\n朱柔若譯,Lawrence R. Newman著,2000,《社會研究方法-質化與量化取向》,臺北:揚智。\n李邁先,1984,《俄國史上卷》,臺北:國立編譯館,正中書局。\n樓耀亮,2002,《地緣政治與中國國防戰略》,天津:人民出版社。\n\n學位論文\n許睿洋,2020,〈二十一世紀俄羅斯北極戰略及其對北極區域安全之意涵〉,臺北:國立政治大學外交研究所碩士論文。\n\n期刊\n于游,2019,〈合作觀念視域下中俄共建「冰上絲綢之路」動力和挑戰〉,《銅仁學院學報》,24(4):74-83。\n王新和,2013,〈國家利益視角下的中國北極身份〉,《太平洋學報》,21(5):81-89。\n朱文清,2022,〈中俄亞馬爾LNG項目合作的地緣政治風險〉,《極地研究》,24(1):44-51。\n李振福,2011,〈北極航線地緣政治格局演變的動力機制研究〉,《內蒙古社會科學》,32(1):13-18。\n李振福,李詩悅,2021,〈北極問題:治理進程、態勢評估及應對之策〉,《俄羅斯學刊》,11:5-28。\n李振福,韓春美,2022,〈「近北極國家」的概念界定及其範圍劃分〉,《理論界》,6:77-83。\n李詩雋,2014,〈北極爭端的癥結及中國的北極戰略定位〉,《中國與國際關係學刊》,2(2):68-75。\n阮建平,2016,〈「近北極國家」還是「北極利益攸關者」:中國參與北極的身份思考〉,《國際論壇》,1:47-52。\n肖洋,2015,〈地緣科技學與國家安全:中國北極科考的戰略深意〉,《國際安全研究》6:106-131。\n柳思思,2012,〈「近北極機制」的提出與中國參與北極〉,《社會科學》,10:26-34。\n徐慶超,2021,〈北極安全戰略環境及中國的政策選擇〉,《亞太安全與海洋研究》,1:104-124。\n徐慶超,王海媚,2021,〈21世紀以來中國的北極研究:進展與問題〉,《國際政治研究》4:138-160。\n徐文韜,曾文革,2021,〈構建中國「冰上絲綢之路」的北極政策—基於德國實踐經驗的思考〉,《廣西大學學報(哲學社會科學版)》,43(2):106-115。\n莫大華,2008,〈批判性地緣政治戰略之研究〉,《問題與研究》,42(7):57-85。\n郭培清,2013,〈北極治理與中國的參與之道〉,《極地國際問題研究通訊》,1:31-37。\n連弘宜,2018,〈俄羅斯的北極政策:源起及其重點〉,《歐亞研究》,5:29-34。\n張羽,李岳陽,王敏,2017,〈極地破冰船發展現狀與趨勢〉,《艦船科學技術》,39(12):188-193。\n張佳佳,王晨光,2020,〈中國北極科技外交論析〉,《世界地理研究》,29(1):63-70。\n張勝軍,李形,2010,〈中國能源安全與中國北極戰略定位〉,《國際觀察》,4:64-71。\n董利民,2017,〈中國「北極利益攸關者」身份建構—理論與實踐〉,《太平洋學報》,25(6):65-77。\n楊澤偉,2014,〈《海洋法公約》第82條的執行:問題與前景〉,《暨南學報(哲學社會科學版)》,4:29-35。\n賈茹,2014,〈淺析《北極海洋石油汙染預防與應對合作協議》的頒布意義〉,《法制博覽》,43:176-178。\n趙晨陽,2023,〈中國現行北極法律與政策研究〉,《社會科學前沿》,12(1):374-381。\n劉新華,2010,〈試析俄羅斯的北極戰略〉,《東北亞論壇》,18(6):63-69。\n閻亢宗,2014,〈中國的北極戰略與挑戰〉,《中國大陸研究》,57(3):71-97。\n閻亢宗,2015,〈俄羅斯與中國在北極議題主張的矛盾與潛在衝突〉,《遠景基金會季刊》,16(1):47-100。\n閻亢宗,2018,〈「冰上絲綢之路」的「中國夢」〉,《展望與探索》,16(6):30-37。\n閻亢宗,2020,〈美國北極戰略的變化及與中國的競合〉,《遠景基金會季刊》,21(1):51-106。\n閻亢宗,2021,〈中國與格陵蘭的互動:地緣政治與資源政治分析〉,《中國大陸研究》,64(3):129-167。\n閻亢宗,2019,〈地緣政治格局下中國北極政策的機會與挑戰〉,《問題與研究》,58(4):111-158。\n謝游麟,2022,〈俄烏戰爭背景下之北極地緣政治〉,《戰略安全研析》,175:81-90。\n韓立新,王大鵬,2012,〈中國在北極的國際海洋法律下的權利分析〉,《中國海商法研究》,3 (23):96-102。\n薛桂芳,2018,〈「冰上絲綢之路」新戰略及其實施路徑〉,《人民論壇.學術前沿》,21:62-67。\n戴瑜,2021,〈「冰上絲綢之路」倡議下北極航道的中國話語權構建〉,《理論界》,8:81-87。\n羅英杰,李飛,2020,<大國北極博弈與中國北極能源安全—兼論「冰上絲綢之路」推進路徑>,《國際安全研究》, 38(2):91-115。\n關曉光,李振福,2021,<「冰上絲綢之路」對中國與沿線北極國家的經濟效應研究>,《大連理工大學學報(社會科學版)》,42(1):45-57。\n\n網路資料\n人民網,2018,〈解讀中國首份北極政策文件〉,http://politics.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2018/0127/c1001-29790228.html,查閱時間:2023/3/6。\n人民網,2017,〈楊劍:以「人類命運共同體」思想引領新疆域的國際治理〉,http://cpc.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2017/0623/c191095-29358375.html,查閱時間:2023/6/8。\n人民網,2020,〈北極航道監測科學試驗衛星計劃2022年發射〉,http://scitech.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2020/1204/c1007-31956132.html,查閱時間:2023/6/10。\n人民網,2020,〈趙樂際同冰島議長奧爾曼鬆舉行會談〉,http://politics.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2023/0527/c1024-40000033.html,查閱時間:2023/6/15。\n人民網,2016,〈中華人民共和國深海海底區域資源勘探開發法〉,http://npc.people.com.cn/n1/2016/0321/c14576-28215180.html,查閱時間:2023/6/19。\n人民網,2016,〈我首造極地科考破冰船本領多大?〉,http://ip.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2016/0805/c136655-28614362.html,查閱時間:2023/6/22。\n人大新聞網,2015,〈中華人民共和國國家安全法〉,http://npc.people.com.cn//BIG5/n/2015/0710/c14576-27285049.html,查閱時間:2023/6/4。\n中國國家海洋局極地考察辦公室,2018,〈中國的北極考察〉,http://chinare.mnr.gov.cn/catalog/detail?id=aba53909b2904f4385e89f8ed9823175&from=ztfwjdkp¤tIndex=5,查閱時間:2023/3/6。\n中國國家海洋局極地考察辦公室,2022,〈解讀中國首份北極政策文件:願共建冰上絲綢之路〉ttp://chinare.mnr.gov.cn/catalog/detail?id=e1fdh873559a2465383685902cb47e0b2&from=zcfgzcjd¤tIndex=3,查閱時間2023/3/6。\n中華人民共和國國務院新聞辦公室, 2018〈中國北極政策白皮書〉,http://www.scio.gov.cn/zfbps/32832/Document/1618203/1618203.htm,查閱時間:2023/3/6。中華人民共和國國務院,2015,〈王毅部長在第三屆北極圈論壇大會開幕式上的致辭〉,https://www.gov.cn/guowuyuan/2015-10/19/content_2950053.htm,查閱時間:2023/6/4。\n中華人民共和國中央人民政府,2017,〈汪洋出席第四屆國際北極論壇〉,http://big5.www.gov.cn/gate/big5/www.gov.cn/guowuyuan/2017-03/30/content_5182 239.htm,查閱時間:2023/6/4。\n中華人民共和國中央人民政府,2009,〈2008年中國的國防〉,http://big5.www.gov.cn/gate/big5/www.gov.cn/zhengce/2009-01/20/content_2615769 htm.,查閱時間:2023/6/8。\n中華人民共和國中央人民政府,2019,〈新時代的中國國防〉,https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2019-07/24/content_5414325.htm,查閱時間:2023/6/8。\n中華人民共和國中央人民政府,2013,〈國家海洋事業發展「十二五」規劃〉,http://big5.www.gov.cn/gate/big5/www.gov.cn/guoqing/2014-09/02/content_2744175.htm,查閱時間:2023/6/8。\n中華人民共和國中央人民政府,2013,〈中國武裝力量的多樣化運用〉,http://big5.www.gov.cn/gate/big5/www.gov.cn/jrzg/2013-04/16/content_2379013.htm,查閱時間:2023/6/8。\n中華人民共和國國防部,2021,〈中央軍委國際軍事合作辦公室領導就《國際軍事合作工作條例》答記者問〉,http://www.mod.gov.cn/gfbw/qwfb/jwgjjshzbgs/4915935.html,查閱時間:2023/6/8。\n中華人民共和國駐挪威王國大使館,2017,〈習近平會見挪威首相索爾貝格〉,http://no.china- embassy.gov.cn/eng/zngx_1/zzgx/201704/t20170414_3072325.htm,查閱時間:2023/6/22。\n當代中國,2022,〈從「向陽紅10號」到「雪龍2號」四代考察船見證中國極地探索〉,https://www.ourchinastory.com/zh/3956/%E5%BE%9E%E3%80%8C%E5%90%91%E9%99%BD%E7%B4%8510%E8%99%9F%E3%80%8D%E5%88%B0%E3%80%8C%E9%9B%AA%E9%BE%8D2%E8%99%9F%E3%80%8D%20%E5%9B%9B%E4%BB%A3%E8%80%83%E5%AF%9F%E8%88%B9%E8%A6%8B%E8%AD%89%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%A5%B5%E5%9C%B0%E6%8E%A2%E7%B4%A2,查閱時間:2023/6/10。\n簡筠,2015,〈北極圈油氣資源開發對我國能源安全之影響〉,查閱時間:2023/2/20。〈中國北極政策白皮書〉,中華人民共和國國務院新聞辦公室,2018, http://www.scio.gov.cn/zfbps/32832/Document/1618203/1618203.htm,查閱時間:2023/2/23。\n關鍵評論網,2019,〈俄羅斯「向東看」:普亭的北極政策,為何找三個東邊的東北亞國家合作?〉,https://www.thenewslens.com/article/122535/fullpage,查閱時間:2023/6/17。\n\n二、英文部分\n專書\nRagin, Charles C. 2014. The Comparative Method: Moving Beyond Qualitative and Quantitative Strategies. University of California.\nSloan, Geoffrey and Gray, Colin. 1999. Goepolitics, Geography and Strategy. London: Frank Cass.\nToynbee, Arnold J. 1987. A Study of History, Abridgement of Volumes. Oxford University.\nTuathail, Gearoid O. 1996. Critical Geopolitics. London: Routledge.\nU.S. Department of the Navy. 2014. The United States Navy Arctic Roadmap: 2014-2030. California: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.\n\n專書專章\nAuerswald, David. 2020. “Arctic Narratives and Geopolitical Competition.” In Joachim Weber, eds., Handbook on Geopolitics and Security in the Arctic. pp. 251-271. Switzerland: Springer Nature AG Publishing.\nCzarny, Ryszard. 2015. “The High North: Potential Conflict or an Opportunity?” In Ryszard M. Czarny, eds., The High North: Between Geography and Politics, pp. 195-235. Switzerland, Springer International Publishing.\nCzarny, Ryszard. 2015. “The Political Dimension: North European Countries and the High North.” In Ryszard M. Czarny, eds., The High North: Between Geography and Politics, pp. 113-153. Switzerland, Springer International Publishing.\nFondahl, Gail, Espiritu, Aileen, and Ivanova, Aytalina. 2020. “Russia’s Arctic Regions and Policies” In Ken S. Coates, eds., Carin Holroyd. The Palgrave Handbook of Arctic Policy and Politics. pp. 195-216. Switzerland: Springer Nature AG Publishing.\nHeininen, Lassi. 2016. “High Arctic Stability as an Asset for Storms of International Politics – an Introduction” In Lassi Heininen, eds., Future Security of the Global Arctic. pp. 1-12. UK: Palgrave Macmillan.\nHeininen, Lassi. 2012. “Comparative Study of the Arctic Strategies and State Policies” In Lassi Heininen, eds., Arctic Strategies and Policies Inventory and Comparative Study. pp. 66-78. Iceland: The Northern Research Forum, The University of Lapland.\nLaruelle, Marlène. 2014. Russia`s Arctic Strategies and the Future of the Far North. London: Routledge.\nNilsson, Annika, and Miyase, Christensen. 2019. “Arctic Geopolitics in Times of Transformation” In Annika Nilsson and Miyase Christensen, eds., pp. 110-120. Arctic Geopolitics, Media and Power, 2019, NY, Routledge.\nPing, Su. 2016. “Challenges in the Arctic Exploitation and Their Impacts on China’s Arctic Position” In Vijay Sakhuja and Kapil Narula, eds., Asia and the Arctic Narratives, Perspectives and Policies, pp. 33-41. Switzerland, Springer International Publishing.\nWelch, David. 2020. “The Arctic and Geopolitics” In Ken S. Coates and Carin Holroyd, eds., The Palgrave Handbook of Arctic Policy and Politics. pp. 47-486. Switzerland: Springer Nature AG Publishing.\nStaum, Jørgen. 2020. “A Two-Faced Russia? Civilian Interests and Great Power Politics in the High North” In Joachim Weber, eds., Handbook on Geopolitics and Security in the Arctic-The High North Between Cooperation and Confrontation. pp. 3-21. Switzerland: Springer Nature AG Publishing.\nSergunin, Alexander and Konyshev, Valery. 2018. “Russia’s Arctic Strategy.” In Irvin Studin, eds., Russia: Strategy, Policy and Administration. pp. 135-144. UK: Palgrave Macmillan.\nZysk, Katarzyna. 2015. “Russia Turns North, again: Interests, Policies and the Search for Coherence” In Leif Christian Jensen and Geir Hønneland, eds., Handbook of the Politics of the Arctic. p. 437-461. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.\n\n期刊\nChanysheva, Amina and Ilinova, Alina. 2021. “The Future of Russian Arctic Oil and Gas Projects: Problems of Assessing the Prospects.” Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, pp. 1-15.\nGong, Xiangqian. 2018. “Understanding China`s Arctic Policy: Three Dimensions.” Journal of East Asia and International Law, 2: 477-482.\nHeininen, Lassi. 2018. “Arctic Geopolitics from classical to critical approach – importance of immaterial Factors.” Geography, Environment, Sustainability, pp. 171-186.\nHsiung, Christopher Weidacher. 2016. “China and Arctic energy: drivers and limitations.” The Polar Journal, 6 (2): 243-258.\nLeng, Tse-Kang and Zhao, Zhu-Cheng. 2020. “Partnership on the Ice? 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