1. NCCU Academic Hub
  2. 學術產出
  3. College of Social Science
  4. Theses
  5. Item

學術產出-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

Citation Infomation

  • No doi shows Citation Infomation
題名 徘徊在中越邊境之間的亻厓人
The Ngái wandering on the Sino-Vietnamese borderland
作者 徐俊文
Hsu, Jun-Wen
貢獻者 賀大衛<br>吳考甯<br>范氏芳泰
關鍵詞 亻厓人; 海外華人; 客家; 民族身分認同; 邊界理論
Ngái; Overseas Chinese; Hakka; Ethnic identity; Boundary
日期 2023
摘要 這篇研究旨在探討中越邊境上漢語人群中的亻厓人在民族身分上的變遷，透過觀察他們的文化表現，探究華夏及其他相鄰文化勢力對邊緣人群身分流動所造成的影響。
     　　本研究涵蓋了越南北部的12個亻厓人聚落。亻厓人最初居住在中國兩廣城市周圍的鄉村地區，使用客家話方言。然而，由於長期戰亂，他們遷移到越南境內的東京灣地區。法屬印度支那時期，亻厓人向政府宣稱自己是當地原住民族，並建立了民族自治區。1979年，越南統計總局將越南北部這些曾持有中國籍的移民，歸類為越南本地的少數民族──亻厓族。然而，由於經濟和政治等因素的影響，大部分亻厓人仍然以華族身份登記，而非亻厓族。只有少數生活在鄉村的亻厓人，在與其他當地民族的互動後，選擇登記為亻厓族。截至2023年，以「亻厓族」身份登記的人數仍然遠低於實際自認為「亻厓人」的人數。然而，自2009年起，受到越南政府的民族優惠政策和與當地民族的互動影響，越來越多的亻厓人開始認同自己是「亻厓族」，並願意改變民族身份。從這些改變當中我們可見，亻厓人對於自身身份認同具有相當的流動性。
     　　在過去的兩百年中，由於持續的戰亂，亻厓人經歷了不斷的遷徙，其民族身分認同也隨著經濟、政治等因素的改變而不斷演變。這些變化在他們的文化表現中留下了許多痕跡。因為在中越邊境上徘徊移動，亻厓人的民族身分變化體現了邊境民族模糊且流動的民族身份認同。亻厓人的民族身分變化呈現出邊境民族的模糊性和流動性。這些變化的痕跡提供了更深入瞭解邊境人群認同特性的機會，以及認同如何受到中越關係的影響。
This study aims to investigate the traces of identity change of the Ngái, who belong to the Sinic group residing along the Sino-Vietnamese border, influenced Chinese and neighbouring cultural forces on these ethnically mobile marginalized populations.
     This study covers 12 Ngái ethnic settlements in northern Vietnam. The Ngái people originally resided in rural areas surrounding cities in the Guangdong and Guangxi regions of China, using the Hakka dialect. However, they migrated to the Gulf of Tonkin area within Vietnam`s borders due to prolonged conflicts. During the French Indochina period, the Ngái people identified as indigenous ethnic groups and established an autonomous region. In 1979, the Vietnamese General Statistics Office classified the immigrants in northern Vietnam, who had previously held Chinese citizenship, as a minority ethnic group in Vietnam known as the Ngái. However, influenced by economic and political factors, most Ngái individuals still registered themselves as ethnic Hoa rather than Ngái. Only a minority of rural-dwelling Ngái people, after interacting with other local ethnic groups, chose to identify as Ngái. As of 2023, the number of individuals registered as "Ngái ethnic group" remains significantly lower than the actual number of people who identify themselves as Ngái. Nevertheless, since 2009, influenced by Vietnam`s preferential policies for ethnic minorities and interactions with local ethnic groups, an increasing number of Ngái individuals have begun to recognize themselves as Ngái and are wanting to change their ethnic identity. This demonstrates the considerable fluidity in Ngái people`s self-identification with regard to their ethnic identity.
     Over the past two centuries, the Ngái people have undergone continuous migrations due to persistent warfare, resulting in constant changes in their ethnic identity in response to economic, political, and other factors. These transformations have left numerous traces in their cultural expressions. The ethnic identity changes of the Ngái people, shaped by their constant movement along the Sino-Vietnamese border, reflect the ambiguous and fluid nature of the ethnic identity among borderland populations. These traces of change provide an opportunity for a deeper understanding of the identity characteristics of borderland communities and how identity is influenced by the Sino-Vietnamese relationship.
參考文獻 Ban Biên tập. (2020, December 3). Dân tộc Hoa. In Cổng thông tin điện tử Tỉnh Yên Bái [Hoa ethnos. Print Portal Yen Bai Province.]. Retrieved April 1, 2023, from https://www.yenbai.gov.vn/noidung/tintuc/Pages/chi-tiet-tin-tuc.aspx?ItemID=42&l=CacdantocYenBai&lv=11
     Barth F. (2014). Zuqun yu bianjie: wenhua chayi xia de shehui zuzhi 族群与边界：文化差异下的社会组织 [Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Culture Difference] (Translated by Li Li-Qin). Beijing: Shangwu Yinshu.
     Benedict A. (2010). Xiangxiang de gongtongti: minzu zhuyi de qiyuan yu sanbu.想像的共同體：民族主義的起源與散布 [Imagined communities: reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism] (Translated by Wu Rei-Ren). Taipei: Shi Bao Chubanshe.
     Bộ Chính trị (2019). Kết luận số 65 - KL/TW ngày 30/10/2019. Retrieved from https://tulieuvankien.dangcongsan.vn/he-thong-van-ban/van-ban-cua-dang/ket-luan-so-65-kltw-ngay-30102019-cua-bo-chinh-tri-ve-tiep-tuc-thuc-hien-nghi-quyet-so-24-nqtw-cua-ban-chap-hanh-trung-uong-5802
     Châu Thị Hải (2018). Người Hoa Việt Nam và Đông Nam Á hình ảnh hôm qua và vị thế hôm nay. Hà Nội: Nhà xuất bản Chính Trị Quốc Gia Sự Thật.
     Fan Honggui 范宏贵 (1988). Cong Yunnan qianru Yuenan de minzu从云南迁入越南的民族 Ethnic groups immigrating to Vietnam from Yunnan. Xinan minzu shi yanjiu西南民族史研究 [Research of Southwest Ethnic History]. Kunming: Yunnan Renmin.
     Fan Honggui范宏贵 (1996). Zhong Yue liang guo kuajing minzu gaishu中越两国跨境民族概述 [Overview of cross-border ethnic groups in China and Vietnam]. Minzu Yanjiu民族研究Ethnic Studies 6.
     Fan Honggui范宏贵 (1997). Yuenan de minzu shibie yu shijian 越南的民族识别与实践 [The Ethnic Identity and Practices in Vietnam.]. Shijie minzu. 1997(2): 72-77.
     Fan Honggui 范宏贵 (2004). Huanan yu dongnanya xiangguan minzu华南与东南亚相关民族 [South China and Southeast Asian Nations]. Beijing: Minzu.
     Fang Xuejia房学嘉 (1994). Kejia yuanliu tanao客家源流探奥 [Exploring the origin of Hakka]. Meizhou: Guangdong Gaodeng Jiaoyu.
     Fei Xiaotong 费孝通 (1983). Zhonghua minzu duoyuan yiti geju中华民族多元一体格局[The Pluralistic and Integrated Structure of the Chinese Nation]. Beijing: Zhungyang Minzu Daixue.
     Gao Kaijun高凯军 (2010). Lun Zhonghua minzu论中华民族 [The Chinese Nationality]. Beijing: Wenwu.
     Geng Xijing耿西静 (2010). Shilun Guangxi Kejiaren de zuqun rentong - yi Fangchenggang shi wei li试论广西客家人的族群认同—以防成港市为例 [On the ethnic identity of the Hakka people in Guangxi—Huang Chenggang City as an example]. Heilongjiang Shizhi 19: 127-128.
     He Liangjun 何良俊 & Qiao Yanyan 乔艳艳 (2015). Qianxi yu rentong: Zhong Yue kuaguo "ai ren" chu tan 迁徙与认同：中越跨国「艾人」初探 [Migration and Identity: Preliminary Research on the “Ai” people across the Border between China and Vietnam], Journal of Guangxi University for Nationalities (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition) 37(5): 123-128.
     He Zhaohua 何兆華 (2012). Shidong Miaozu jianzhi tu xiang shang de xiqu yu nüxing xingxiang 施洞苗族剪紙圖像上的戲曲與女性形象 [Drama and Female Images in Shidong Miao Paper Cutting]. Minsu Quyi 民族曲藝, 177, 161–221.
     Hironao Kawai 河合洋尚, & Wu Yunxia 吴云霞 (2022). Betonamu hokubu kajin no ijuu to shakai-teki nettowāku - Kanton-kei / Hakka-kei kazoku o jirei to shite ベトナム北部華人の移住と社会的ネットワーク ―広東系／客家系家族を事例として [Migration and social networks of Chinese immigrants in northern Vietnam: A case study of Cantonese/Hakka families]. Ajia Taiheiyō ronshūアジア太平洋論叢 , 24, 171-184.
     Hoàng Lệ Quỳnh (2020). Văn Học Dân Tộc Ngái và Giá Trị Văn Hóa Tộc Người [Ngái Ethnic Literature and the Cultural Values of the Ethnic Community] (BA thesis). Thái Nguyên: Thái Nguyên University of Science.
     Hoàng Thị Hỏi (2015). Người Ngái ở thôn Cầu Vồng (Bắc Giang): Lịch sử tụ cư, đặc điểm văn hoá và biến đổi [Ngái People in Cau Vong Village (Bac Giang): History of Settlement, Cultural Characteristics, and Transformations] (BA thesis). Hanoi: Hanoi National University, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities.
     Hsu Fumei 徐富美 (2021). Yuenan "Ai zu" yu "Hua zu zhong de Ai ren"越南「艾族」與「華族中的艾人」 Ngái People between Ethnic Ngái and Ethnic Hoa in Vietnam. Global Hakka Studies 16: 165-196.
     Hsu Fumei 徐富美 (2022). Yuenan beibu Aihua (tsh ~ s) bianyi ji (tsh > s) yinbian guocheng de yuyin liangdu xianxiang 越南北部艾話〔tsh ~ s〕變異及〔tsh > s〕音變過程的語音兩讀現象. Chengda Journal of Chinese Studies 成大中文學報, 76, 175-204.
     Hsu Junwen 徐俊文 & Wang Jialin 王嘉琳 (2020). Faxian Taibeishi de Kejia Hou Sheng Ren 發現臺北市的客家後生人 Rediscovering Hakka Youth in Taipei City. Taipei City: Taipei City Hakka Affairs Commission.
     Huang Junhui 黃雋慧 (2017) Bu lou dong la: Yuenan chuan min de gu shi不漏洞拉：越南船民的故事 [Bắt đầu từ nay: The Stories of Vietnamese Boat People]. New Taipei City: Wei Cheng.
     Huang Zungdin 黃宗鼎 (2007). Yuenan Gongheguo zhi Huaren zhengce 越南共和國之華人政策（1955-1964）[Chinese Policy in the Republic of Vietnam (1955-1964)]. Quoshiquan Xueshu Jikan, 11, 189-249.
     Hutton, & Christopher (1998) From Pre-modern to Modern: Ethnic Classification by Language and the Case of Ngái/Nung of Vietnam. Language & Communication 18: 125-132.
     Ito Masako 伊藤正子 (2013). Politics of Ethnic Classification in Vietnam. Kyoto: Kyoto University Press.
     Ito Masako 伊藤正子 (2018). Betonamu no "Kajin" seisaku to hokubu nouson ni sumu Gai no gendai shi ベトナムの「華人」政策と北部農村に住むガイの現代史 “We Are Not the Hoa”: Vietnamese State Policies towards the ‘Chinese’ in Vietnam and the Modern History of the Ngái Living in Northern Rural Areas. Ajia Afurika chiiki kenkyūアジア・アフリカ地域研究Asian and African Area Studies 17 (2): 258-286.
     Jian Hongyi 簡宏逸 (2019), Zhi zuo Kejia ren: Shijiu shi ji chuanjiaoshi de Kejia minzu zhi 製作客家人：十九世紀傳教士的客家民族誌 Making Hakka: A Hakka Ethnography of Nineteenth-Century Missionaries. New Taipei: Cite E-Printing Co., Ltd.
     Jiang Weiwen 蔣為文 (2013). Yuenan de Mingxiang ren yu Huaren yimin de zuqun renting 越南的明鄉人與華人移民的族群認同 Ethnic Identity of Minh Huong People in Vietnam and Chinese Immigrants. Taiwan guoji yanjiu jikan 台灣國際研究季刊 Taiwan International Studies Quarterly 9(4): 87-114.
     Kawai Hironao 河合洋尚 (2013). Riben Kejia yanjiu de shijiao yu fangfa日本客家研究的视角与方法 [Japanese Hakka research viewing method]. Beijing: Shehui kexue wenxian.
     Li Rulong 李如龙 (1999), Yue xi Kejia fangyan diaocha baogao粤西客家方言调查报告 [Report on the Investigation of Hakka Dialect in Western Guangdong]. Guangzhou: Jinan University Press.
     Lian Mingzhi 练铭志, Ma Jianzhao 马建钊, & Zhu Hong 朱洪 (2004), Guangdong minzu guanxi shi 广东民族关系史 [History of Ethnic Relations in Guangdong]. Guangzhou: Guangdong renmin.
     Liao Wen廖文(2015). Kejia zuqun duoyuan yanjin lun 客家族群多元演进论 [On the Evolution of Hakka Groups]. Redai Dili热带地理Tropical 35(6): 901-909.
     Lin Linjuan 藺淋娟(2017). Yishi yu rensheng xiwang zhi chonggou - Guangxi Bobai Kejia Da Fan Jiao Yi Dao Shan Ke Yi yanjiu 仪式与人生希望之重构—广西博白客家大幡醮仪刀山科仪研究Reconstruction of Ritual and Hope in Life——Research on the Ritual Ritual of "Dafan" Ritual and "Knife Mountain" in Bobai Hakka, Guangxi (BA thesis). School of History, Culture and Tourism, Guangxi Normal University.
     Lin Shiouchen 林修澈 (2003). Kejia xue de chengli yu fazhan客家學的成立與發展 [The establishment and development of Hakka]. Taipei: National Chengchi University Ethnology Department.
     Liu Daochao 刘道超 (2008). Zuqun hudong zhong de wenhua ziju—yi Guangxi Kejia zuqun guanxi wei li族群互动中的文化自觉—以广西客家族群关系为例 [Cultural Consciousness in Ethnic Interaction: Taking Guangxi Hakka Group Relations as an Example]. Guangxi minzu yanjiu 广西民族研究 Guangxi Ethnic Studies 1: 62-68.
     Liu Daochao 刘道超 (2013). Gui Dongnan Kejia Da Fan Jiao Yi ji qi jiazhi 桂东南客家大幡醮仪及其价值 [The Hakka "Big Banner" Ceremony in Southeast Guangxi and Its Value]. Longyan xueyuan xuebao龙岩学院学报Journal of Longyan University 31 (6): 1-5.
     Liu Sanxiang 劉三祥 (2017). Taiwan Kejia Houlongxi Liuyu Fubo Jiangjun xinyang zhi yanjiu - yi Miaoli ji Gongguan Fubo Jiangjun miao wei li 臺灣客家後龍溪流域伏波將軍信仰之研究 - 以苗栗及公館伏波將軍廟為例 [Research on the Faith of General Fubo in the Houlong River Basin of Hakka in Taiwan - A Case Study of the Fubo General Temples in Miaoli and Gongguan] (Master`s thesis). Guoli Lianhe Daxue Kejia Yuyan yu Chuanbo Yanjiu Suo 國立聯合大學客家語言與傳播研究所Institute of Hakka Language and Communication Studies, National United University.
     Lola C. P. Chen 陳志萍 (2008), Jingjin wangluo yanjiu fangfa - wangluo minzu zhi 精進網路研究方法——網路民族誌Advances in Internet Research Methods––Netnography. Tushu zixunxue yanjiu圖書資訊學研究 2 :2 (June 2008)：1-15.
     Lu Shipeng呂士朋 (1958). Yuenan Huaqiao Shi Hua 越南華僑史話 [History of Overseas Chinese in Vietnam]. Taipei: Haiwai Wenku.
     Luo Xianglin 羅香林 (1989). Kejia yuanliu kao 客家源流考 [The origin of Hakka]. Beijing: Zhungguo Hoaqiao.
     Luo Xianglin 羅香林 (1992). Kejia yanjiu daolun 客家研究導論[Introduction to Hakka Studies]. Taipei: Nantian.
     Lương Thị Trang (2017). Di cư lao động xuyên biên giới của người Ngái ở Lục Ngạn, Bắc Giang [Cross-border Labor Migration of the Ngái Ethnic Minority in Lục Ngạn, Bắc Giang] (BA thesis). Hanoi: Hanoi National University, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities.
     Mekong ASEAN News. (2023, April 21). Tổng vốn đầu tư Samsung Thái Nguyên tăng lên 7,5 tỷ USD sau 10 năm [Total investment capital of Samsung Thai Nguyen increased to 7.5 billion USD after 10 years]. Retrieved from https://mekongasean.vn/tong-von-dau-tu-samsung-thai-nguyen-tang-len-75-ty-usd-sau-10-nam-post20702.html (2023, April 21)
     Michael Wang 王明珂 (1997). Huaxia bianyuan華夏邊緣 [The Boundary of Huaxia]. Taipei: Yunchen Culture.
     Michael Wang 王明珂 (2003). Qiang zai Hanzang zhi jian羌在漢藏之間 [The Ch’iang People Between the Han and Tibetan]. Taipei: Linking.
     Nam Hoàng, (2016, Nov.12). Bí ẩn về tộc người “nhỏ bé” nhất Việt Nam [The mystery of the "smallest" ethnic group in Vietnam]. SOHA. soha.vn/bi-an-ve-toc-nguoi-nho-be-nhat-viet-nam-2016111210120227.htm (2019.April4)
     Ngô Thị Xuân (2021). Quan Niệm về Vũ Trụ và Nhân Sinh Trong Sáng Tác Dân Gian của Dân Tộc Ngái [Concepts of the Universe and Humanity in Folk Compositions of the Ngai Nation] (BA thesis). Thái Nguyên: Thái Nguyên University of Science.
     Ngô Trần Ái (2012). Đại Gia Đình Các Dân Tộc Việt Nam [The Great Family of Vietnamese Ethnics]. Hà Nội: Nhà xuất bản Giáo dục Việt Nam.
     Nguyễn Đức Hạnh (2017). Ngôn Ngữ Các Dân Tộc ở Việt Nam [Languages of Ethnic Groups in Vietnam]. Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất Bản Đại Học Thái Nguyên Thái Nguyên University Press.
     Nguyễn Linh Hương (2015). Hôn Nhân và Gia Đình của Người Ngái ở Thôn Dồng Tâm, Xã Đồng Liên, Huyện Phú Bình, Tỉnh Thái Nguyên [Marriage and Family of Ngai People in Dong Tam Village, Dong Lien Commune, Phu Binh District, Thai Nguyen Province] (Bachelor thesis). Hanoi: National University Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities.
     Nguyễn Ngọc Thư阮玉詩 (2014). Yuenana bian he shi baolong qu kejia ren de shenfen yu zhenghe: cong san zushi chongbai dao tianhou chongbai越南邊和市寶龍區客家人的身份與整合：從三祖師崇拜到天后崇拜 Cultural Identities and Integration of the Hakkas in Buu Long (Bien Hoa, Vietnam) through the Transformation of the Clan Worship of Professional Masters to Tian Hou. Renwen Yianjio Qikan人文研究期刊 Journal of Humanities Research 12: 33-35.
     Nguyễn Thị Kim Thảo (2013). Ngữ Âm Sán Dìu ở Việt Nam Phonetics of Sán Dìu Language in Vietnam [Phonetics of San Diu in Vietnam Phonetics of San Diu Language in Vietnam], (Doctoral dissertation). University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Hanoi.
     Nguyễn Trúc Bình (1972) Về tộc danh Đản, Sín trong nhóm người Hoa ở vùng ven biển Quảng Ninh [About the ethnic names Đản, Sín among the Chinese group in the coastal area of Quang Ninh], Thông Báo Dân Tộc Học. 1 (1972): 9–97.
     Nguyễn Văn Chính (2018). ‘Memories, Migration, and the Ambiguity of Ethnic Identity: The Cases of Ngái, Nùng and Khách in Vietnam’. Ajia Afurika chiiki kenkyūアジア・アフリカ地域研究Asian and African Area Studies 17(2): 207-226.
     Nguyễn Văn Chính (2021). ‘Ethnic Chinese in the Sino-Vietnamese Borderlands: Debates over Loyalty and Identity’. Journal of Vietnamese Studies 16 (4): 1-35.
     Nguyễn Xuân Dũng (2015). Các Dân Tộc Ít Người ở Việt Nam (Các Tỉnh Phía Bắc) [Ethnic Minorities in Vietnam (Northern Provinces)]. Hà Nội: Nhà Xuất Bản Khoa Học Xã Hội Social Science Publish.
     Pan Wenchung 潘文忠 (2020). Yongxu fazhan Mubiao (SDGs) jiaoyu shouce- Taiwan chinan永續發展目標(SDGs)教育手冊-臺灣指南 [Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Education Manual - Taiwan Guide]. Taipei: Jiaoyu Bu.
     Phạm Thị Phương Thái (2014). Nghi Lễ Tang Ma của Người Sán Dìu từ Góc Nhìn Văn Hoá [Funeral Rituals of the San Diu from a Cultural Perspective]. Thái Nguyên: nhà xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên Thái Nguyên University Publish.
     Phạm Trần Long (2016). Ethnic Minorities in Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh City: Nhà Xuất Bản Thế Giới.
     Phạm Vân Anh (2014, July15). Tìm lại cội nguồn người Ngái [Finding the origin of the Ngai people]. Biên Phòng. www.bienphong.com.vn/tim-lai-coi-nguon-nguoi-Ngái/(2019.April4)
     Phan An (2018). Yuenan nanbu Huaren de lishi wenhua 越南南部華人的歷史文化 [The History and Culture of the Chinese in Southern Vietnam]. Taiwan Dongnanya Xuekan台灣東南亞學刊 Taiwan Journal of Southeast Asia Studies, 13(2), p.p.5-24.
     Phan Hữu Dật (2018). Dân Tộc Học và Nhân Học ở Việt Nam trong Xu Thế Toàn Cầu Hóa [Ethnology and Anthropology in Vietnam in the Trend of Globalization]. Hà Nội: Nhà Xuất Bản Đại Học Quốc Gia Hà Nội Hanoi National University Publish.
     Qiao Wen乔文 (1992). Nungcu Huaren侬族华人 [The Hoa Nung]. 八桂侨史History of Overseas Chinese Journal of Bagui 1: 50-51.
     Qin Xiao Yi 秦孝儀 (1989). Guofu quanji國父全集[The Complete Collection of the Founding Father]. Taipei: Jindai Zhongguo.
     Qing Geng清風(1996). Nungcu kao「儂族」考 [Study of "Nung"]. Bagui Qiaoshi 3: 1-6.
     Richard White (1991). The Middle Ground: Indians, Empires, and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 1650-1815. London: Cambridge Univ Pr.
     Satohiro Serizawa 芹澤知広 (2009). Betonamu hōchimin-shi no nun-zoku no kajinベトナム・ホーチミン市のヌン族の華人 Nung Chinese in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Fīrudopurasu: Sekai o kan`nō suru zasshiフィールドプラス：世界を感応する雑誌 FIELD PLUS 2:6.
     Satohiro Serizawa 芹澤知広 (2018). Nunzoku no Kajin no matsuru kami - Chugoku Betonamu Osutoraria no jitchi chosa karaヌン族の華人の祀る神——中国・ベトナム・オーストラリアの実地調査からThe Gods Worshiped by the Hoa Nung: An Exploration in China, Vietnam, and Australia. Ajia Afurika chiiki kenkyūアジア・アフリカ地域研究Asian and African Area Studies 17 (2): 227-257.
     Song Jinxiu 宋錦秀 (2011). Simiao yao qian liao yu wenhua yu jibing de jiangou寺廟藥籤療癒文化與「疾病」的建構 Temple Medication Labels: Healing Culture and the Construction of "Illness". Taiwan Wenxian, 62(1), 55-96.
     Tổng Cục Thống Kê (1962). Dân số Miền Bắc Việt Nam (Số liệu điều tra dân số ngày 1-3-1960) [Population in the North of Vietnam (Census data dated March 1, 1960)], Tổng Cục Thống Kê, Hà Nội.
     Tổng Cục Thống Kê (2010). Kết quả toàn bộ Tổng điều tra Dân số và Nhà ở Việt Nam năm 2009 [Results of the entire Vietnam Population and Housing Census 2009], Tổng Cục Thống Kê, Hà Nội.
     Tổng Cục Thống Kê (2020). Kết quả toàn bộ Tổng điều tra Dân số và Nhà ở Việt Nam năm 2019 [Results of the entire Vietnam Population and Housing Census in 2019], Tổng Cục Thống Kê, Hà Nội.
     Tổng cục Thống kê. (1979, March 2). Danh mục các thành phần dân tộc Việt Nam. Quyết định số 121-TCTK/PPCĐ. [List of Vietnamese ethnic groups] http://tongdieutradanso.vn/danh-muc-cac-dan-toc-viet-nam.html (2019. Oct. 1)
     Trần Quang Phúc (2013). Việt Nam Sắc Màu Văn Hóa 54 Dân Tộc Anh Em [Vietnam Color Culture 54 Ethnic Minorities]. Đồng Nai: Nhà Xuất Bản Đồng Nai.
     UBND Tỉnh Bắc Giang (2015/04/10). Vị trí địa lý [Geographical location]. Retrieved from https://bacgiang.gov.vn/chi-tiet-tong-quan-ve-bac-giang/vi-tri-ia-ly (2022/10/11)
     UBND Tỉnh Thái Nguyên (2021/07/23). Vị trí địa lý [Geographical location]. Retrieved from http://thainguyendautu.vn/vi-tri-dia-ly (2022/10/11)
     Viện Dân Tộc Học (1978). Các Dân Tộc Ít Người ở Việt Nam (Các Tỉnh Phía Bắc) [Ethnic Minorities in Vietnam (Northern Provinces)]. Hà Nội: Khoa Học Xã Hội.
     Vu Annie (2014). Shijiu shiji shang ban ye yuenan beibu de huagong yu huashang qingxing十九世紀上半葉越南北部的華工與華商情形 [Chinese workers and merchants in northern Vietnam in the first half of the 19th century]. Jioye yu Laodong Guangxi, 4(2), 117-125.
     Vương Xuân TÌnh (2018). Các Dân Tộc ở Việt Nam Tập 4 Quyền 2 Nhóm Ngôn Ngữ Hán và Mã Lai - Đa Đảo [The Ethnic Groups in Vietnam Volume 4 Quyen 2 Chinese and Malay Language Groups - Polynesia]. Hà Nội: Viện Hàn Lâm Khoa Học Xã Hội Việt Nam Viện Dân Tộc Học.
     Wang Hongren王宏仁 (2019). Bushi chuan luse zhifu de dou shi junren不是穿綠色制服的都是軍人：田野想像的落差 [Not everyone who wears a green uniform is a soldier: the imagined gap in fieldwork]. Tianye de jiyi: ziwo, yianjio yu zhishi jiangou田野的技藝：自我、研究與知識建構 [Field Skills: Self, Research, and Knowledge Construction]. New Taipei City: Zuoan Chubanshe.
     Wang Qiaoming 王巧明 (2013). Zhongyue bianjing hanyu fangyan yanjiu shuping中越邊境漢語方言研究述評 [A Review of Chinese Dialect Studies on the Sino-Vietnamese Border]. Keji xinxi科技信息18: 163.
     Wang Shitu 王仕圖& Wu Huimin吳慧敏 (2005). Shendu fangtan yu anli yanlian深度訪談與案例演練 In-depth interviews and case drills. Zhixin yianjio yu ziliao fenxi質性研究方法與資料分析[Qualitative Research Methods and Data Analysis] (Edited by Qi Li and Lin Benxuan). Jiayi: Institute of Sociology, University of South China, pp.97-116.
     Wing-hoi Chan (2006). Ethnic Labels in a Mountainous Region: The Case of She ‘Bandits’. Empire at the Margins: Culture, Ethnicity, and Frontier in Early Modern China. California: The Regents of the University of California.
     Wu Jingyi 吳靜宜 (2009). Yuenan Huaren qianxi shi yu Kejia hua de shiyung越南華人遷移史與客家話的使用—以胡志明市為例History of Chinese Migration in Vietnam and the Use of Hakka Dialects: Taking Ho Chi Minh City as an Example (Master Thesis). Zhungyan Daxue Kejia Xueyuan.
     Wu Shiquan 吴仕铨 (2020, June 17). Yuenan Huaqiao lianhe zunghei chuangban de Xinyue jiti nungchang越南华侨联合总会创办的《新越华集体农场》 [The New Vietnam-China Collective Farm founded by the Vietnam Overseas Chinese Federation]. Zhencang Network. https://reurl.cc/eX10Z7 (2023/02/12)
     Wu Yunxia 吳云霞 & Kawai Hironao 河合洋尚 (2018). Yuenan Ai ren de tianye kaocha fenxi: Haining ke de kuajing liudong yu zuqun yishi. 越南艾人的田野考察分析：海寧客的跨境流動與族群意識 Analysis of Fieldwork of Ai People in Vietnam: Hải Ninh`s Cross-border Flow and Ethnic Awareness. Bagui Qiaokan 4 (December): 61-71.
     Xiang Dayou 向大有 (1989). Shisi Guangxi qianxi Yuenan de shaoshu minzu Huaren试析广西迁徙越南的少数民族华人 An analysis of ethnic Chinese who migrated to Vietnam from Guangxi, Bagui Qiaokan 1.
     Xiao Xinhuang 蕭新煌 (2004). Dongnanya de Kejia hueguan: lishi yu gungnen de tangtao東南亞的客家會館：歷史與功能的探討 Hakka Guildhalls in Southeast Asia: An Exploration of History and Function. Yatai Yanjiu Luntan 亞太研究論壇Asia Pacific Research Forum 28: 185-219.
     Xu Jiachen徐佳晨 (2013). Sanzaju shaoshu minzu zuqun renting de bianqian散杂居少数民族族群认同的变迁 Changes of Ethnic Identity in Scattered Mixed Area (BA thiese). Zhungnan Mincu Daxue.
     Xu Jieshun 徐杰順 (1999). Xueqiu-Han minzu de renlexue fenxi 雪球—汉民族的人类学分析 [Snowball – An Anthropological Analysis of the Han Ethnic Group]. Shanghai: Shanghai Renmin.
     Xu Shanfu 徐善福, & Zhu Jieqin 朱杰勤 (2016). Yuenan Huaqiao shi越南华侨史History of Overseas Chinese in Vietnam. Guangzhou: Guangdong Gaodeng Jiaoyu.
     Xu Shengyi 徐勝一, Wei Yanzao 韋煙灶, & Chen Youzhi 陳有志 (2016). Kejia zupu zhung langming shengxing de niandai yu diyu客家族譜中郎名盛行的年代與地域 The Era and Region of Prevalent Lang Surnames in Hakka Genealogy. Qixue yu renwen: Lishi qixue, Zheng He hanghai, Kejia wenhua 氣候與人文 : 歴史氣候、鄭和航海、客家文化Climate and Humanities: Historical Climatology, Zheng-He Navigation, and Hakka Studies, no. 46, pp. 209-224.
     Xu Weide 許維德(2021). Kejia yuanliu xiangguan wenxian de fenlei yu huigu: yi ge linian xin yu lianxu ti de gainian de chang shi「客家源流」相關文獻的分類與回顧：一個「理念型」與「連續體」概念的嘗試 [Classification and Review of Literature Related to "Hakka Origins": An Attempt at the Concepts of "Idea Type" and "Continuum"]. Quanqiu Kejia yanjiu全球客家研究Global Hakka Studies 16: 9-78.
     Xu Wentang許文堂 (2010). Yuenan minjian xingyang Baima dawang shenhua越南民間信仰——白馬大王神話 A Vietnamese Folk Religion: The Worship of Bạch Mã (White Horse). Nanfang Huayi Yanjiu 南方華裔研究 [Journal of Southern Chinese Studies], 4, 163-175.
     Xu Wentang 許文堂 (2016). Erci shijiedazhan yilai Beiyue Huaren shehui zhi bianmau 二次世界大戰以來北越華人社會之變貌 [Post-WWII Demographic Changes of Chinese in North Vietnam]. Asia-Pacific Research Forum 62: 5-32.
     Xu Yuxian 徐雨娴 (2016). Guangxi Beihai Qiaogangzhen Jipo Dao Yue fangyan cihui yanjiu广西北海侨港镇吉婆岛粤方言词汇研究 A Study of Cantonese Dialect Vocabulary in Jipu Island, Qiaogang Town, Beihai, Guangxi (Master`s thesis), Jinan University.
     Yang Bin 楊斌 (2021). Liu dong de jiang yu: Quan qiu shi ye xia de Yunnan yu Zhongguo 流動的疆域: 全球視野下的雲南與中國Between Winds and Clouds: The Making of Yunnan. New Taipei: Baqi Chubanshe.
     Yuanjiaojie bianji bu原教界編輯部 (2014). Yuenan de minzu xiankuang 越南的民族現況 Ethnic Situation in Vietnam. Yuanjiaojie 原教界 Aboriginal Education World 6 (57): 82-87.
     Zhang Qiuping张秋萍(2018). Liu dong yu hu dong shi yu xia Guangxi Kejia yanjiu zuo luo ji wei guan xiang du tan wei - yi Huan bei bu wan Kejia ren (wu) yanjiu wei zhong xin de fenxi 流动与互动视阈下广西客家研究坐落及微观向度探微—以环北部湾客家人（物）研究为中心的分析 The location and micro-dimension of Hakka studies in Guangxi from the perspective of flow and interaction: An analysis centred on Hakka studies around the Beibu Gulf. 钦州学院学报 Journal of Qinzhou University 33 (12): 21-27.
     Zhang Wenhe張文和(1975). Yuenan Huaqiao shihua越南華僑史話History of Overseas Chinese in Vietnam. Taipei: Liming Wenhua Chubanshe.
     Zhongguo Shehui Kexueyuan Yuyan Yanjiusuo, Zhongguo Shehui Kexueyuan Minzu Xue yu Renlei Xue Yanjiusuo中国社会科学院语言研究所、中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所 (Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Institute of Linguistics; Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology) (2012). Zhongguo yuyan dituji中国语言地图集[China Language Atlas]. Beijing: Shangwu.
描述 碩士
     國立政治大學
     民族學系
     107259006
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107259006
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 賀大衛<br>吳考甯<br>范氏芳泰zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 徐俊文zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Hsu, Jun-Wen-
dc.date (日期) 2023-
dc.description (描述) 碩士
     國立政治大學
     民族學系
     107259006		-
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 這篇研究旨在探討中越邊境上漢語人群中的亻厓人在民族身分上的變遷，透過觀察他們的文化表現，探究華夏及其他相鄰文化勢力對邊緣人群身分流動所造成的影響。
     　　本研究涵蓋了越南北部的12個亻厓人聚落。亻厓人最初居住在中國兩廣城市周圍的鄉村地區，使用客家話方言。然而，由於長期戰亂，他們遷移到越南境內的東京灣地區。法屬印度支那時期，亻厓人向政府宣稱自己是當地原住民族，並建立了民族自治區。1979年，越南統計總局將越南北部這些曾持有中國籍的移民，歸類為越南本地的少數民族──亻厓族。然而，由於經濟和政治等因素的影響，大部分亻厓人仍然以華族身份登記，而非亻厓族。只有少數生活在鄉村的亻厓人，在與其他當地民族的互動後，選擇登記為亻厓族。截至2023年，以「亻厓族」身份登記的人數仍然遠低於實際自認為「亻厓人」的人數。然而，自2009年起，受到越南政府的民族優惠政策和與當地民族的互動影響，越來越多的亻厓人開始認同自己是「亻厓族」，並願意改變民族身份。從這些改變當中我們可見，亻厓人對於自身身份認同具有相當的流動性。
     　　在過去的兩百年中，由於持續的戰亂，亻厓人經歷了不斷的遷徙，其民族身分認同也隨著經濟、政治等因素的改變而不斷演變。這些變化在他們的文化表現中留下了許多痕跡。因為在中越邊境上徘徊移動，亻厓人的民族身分變化體現了邊境民族模糊且流動的民族身份認同。亻厓人的民族身分變化呈現出邊境民族的模糊性和流動性。這些變化的痕跡提供了更深入瞭解邊境人群認同特性的機會，以及認同如何受到中越關係的影響。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This study aims to investigate the traces of identity change of the Ngái, who belong to the Sinic group residing along the Sino-Vietnamese border, influenced Chinese and neighbouring cultural forces on these ethnically mobile marginalized populations.
     This study covers 12 Ngái ethnic settlements in northern Vietnam. The Ngái people originally resided in rural areas surrounding cities in the Guangdong and Guangxi regions of China, using the Hakka dialect. However, they migrated to the Gulf of Tonkin area within Vietnam`s borders due to prolonged conflicts. During the French Indochina period, the Ngái people identified as indigenous ethnic groups and established an autonomous region. In 1979, the Vietnamese General Statistics Office classified the immigrants in northern Vietnam, who had previously held Chinese citizenship, as a minority ethnic group in Vietnam known as the Ngái. However, influenced by economic and political factors, most Ngái individuals still registered themselves as ethnic Hoa rather than Ngái. Only a minority of rural-dwelling Ngái people, after interacting with other local ethnic groups, chose to identify as Ngái. As of 2023, the number of individuals registered as "Ngái ethnic group" remains significantly lower than the actual number of people who identify themselves as Ngái. Nevertheless, since 2009, influenced by Vietnam`s preferential policies for ethnic minorities and interactions with local ethnic groups, an increasing number of Ngái individuals have begun to recognize themselves as Ngái and are wanting to change their ethnic identity. This demonstrates the considerable fluidity in Ngái people`s self-identification with regard to their ethnic identity.
     Over the past two centuries, the Ngái people have undergone continuous migrations due to persistent warfare, resulting in constant changes in their ethnic identity in response to economic, political, and other factors. These transformations have left numerous traces in their cultural expressions. The ethnic identity changes of the Ngái people, shaped by their constant movement along the Sino-Vietnamese border, reflect the ambiguous and fluid nature of the ethnic identity among borderland populations. These traces of change provide an opportunity for a deeper understanding of the identity characteristics of borderland communities and how identity is influenced by the Sino-Vietnamese relationship.		en_US
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107259006-
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 亻厓人; 海外華人; 客家; 民族身分認同; 邊界理論zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Ngái; Overseas Chinese; Hakka; Ethnic identity; Boundaryen_US
dc.title (題名) 徘徊在中越邊境之間的亻厓人zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Ngái wandering on the Sino-Vietnamese borderland-
dc.type (資料類型) thesis-
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ban Biên tập. (2020, December 3). Dân tộc Hoa. In Cổng thông tin điện tử Tỉnh Yên Bái [Hoa ethnos. Print Portal Yen Bai Province.]. Retrieved April 1, 2023, from https://www.yenbai.gov.vn/noidung/tintuc/Pages/chi-tiet-tin-tuc.aspx?ItemID=42&l=CacdantocYenBai&lv=11
     Barth F. (2014). Zuqun yu bianjie: wenhua chayi xia de shehui zuzhi 族群与边界：文化差异下的社会组织 [Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Culture Difference] (Translated by Li Li-Qin). Beijing: Shangwu Yinshu.
     Benedict A. (2010). Xiangxiang de gongtongti: minzu zhuyi de qiyuan yu sanbu.想像的共同體：民族主義的起源與散布 [Imagined communities: reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism] (Translated by Wu Rei-Ren). Taipei: Shi Bao Chubanshe.
     Bộ Chính trị (2019). Kết luận số 65 - KL/TW ngày 30/10/2019. Retrieved from https://tulieuvankien.dangcongsan.vn/he-thong-van-ban/van-ban-cua-dang/ket-luan-so-65-kltw-ngay-30102019-cua-bo-chinh-tri-ve-tiep-tuc-thuc-hien-nghi-quyet-so-24-nqtw-cua-ban-chap-hanh-trung-uong-5802
     Châu Thị Hải (2018). Người Hoa Việt Nam và Đông Nam Á hình ảnh hôm qua và vị thế hôm nay. Hà Nội: Nhà xuất bản Chính Trị Quốc Gia Sự Thật.
     Fan Honggui 范宏贵 (1988). Cong Yunnan qianru Yuenan de minzu从云南迁入越南的民族 Ethnic groups immigrating to Vietnam from Yunnan. Xinan minzu shi yanjiu西南民族史研究 [Research of Southwest Ethnic History]. Kunming: Yunnan Renmin.
     Fan Honggui范宏贵 (1996). Zhong Yue liang guo kuajing minzu gaishu中越两国跨境民族概述 [Overview of cross-border ethnic groups in China and Vietnam]. Minzu Yanjiu民族研究Ethnic Studies 6.
     Fan Honggui范宏贵 (1997). Yuenan de minzu shibie yu shijian 越南的民族识别与实践 [The Ethnic Identity and Practices in Vietnam.]. Shijie minzu. 1997(2): 72-77.
     Fan Honggui 范宏贵 (2004). Huanan yu dongnanya xiangguan minzu华南与东南亚相关民族 [South China and Southeast Asian Nations]. Beijing: Minzu.
     Fang Xuejia房学嘉 (1994). Kejia yuanliu tanao客家源流探奥 [Exploring the origin of Hakka]. Meizhou: Guangdong Gaodeng Jiaoyu.
     Fei Xiaotong 费孝通 (1983). Zhonghua minzu duoyuan yiti geju中华民族多元一体格局[The Pluralistic and Integrated Structure of the Chinese Nation]. Beijing: Zhungyang Minzu Daixue.
     Gao Kaijun高凯军 (2010). Lun Zhonghua minzu论中华民族 [The Chinese Nationality]. Beijing: Wenwu.
     Geng Xijing耿西静 (2010). Shilun Guangxi Kejiaren de zuqun rentong - yi Fangchenggang shi wei li试论广西客家人的族群认同—以防成港市为例 [On the ethnic identity of the Hakka people in Guangxi—Huang Chenggang City as an example]. Heilongjiang Shizhi 19: 127-128.
     He Liangjun 何良俊 & Qiao Yanyan 乔艳艳 (2015). Qianxi yu rentong: Zhong Yue kuaguo "ai ren" chu tan 迁徙与认同：中越跨国「艾人」初探 [Migration and Identity: Preliminary Research on the “Ai” people across the Border between China and Vietnam], Journal of Guangxi University for Nationalities (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition) 37(5): 123-128.
     He Zhaohua 何兆華 (2012). Shidong Miaozu jianzhi tu xiang shang de xiqu yu nüxing xingxiang 施洞苗族剪紙圖像上的戲曲與女性形象 [Drama and Female Images in Shidong Miao Paper Cutting]. Minsu Quyi 民族曲藝, 177, 161–221.
     Hironao Kawai 河合洋尚, & Wu Yunxia 吴云霞 (2022). Betonamu hokubu kajin no ijuu to shakai-teki nettowāku - Kanton-kei / Hakka-kei kazoku o jirei to shite ベトナム北部華人の移住と社会的ネットワーク ―広東系／客家系家族を事例として [Migration and social networks of Chinese immigrants in northern Vietnam: A case study of Cantonese/Hakka families]. Ajia Taiheiyō ronshūアジア太平洋論叢 , 24, 171-184.
     Hoàng Lệ Quỳnh (2020). Văn Học Dân Tộc Ngái và Giá Trị Văn Hóa Tộc Người [Ngái Ethnic Literature and the Cultural Values of the Ethnic Community] (BA thesis). Thái Nguyên: Thái Nguyên University of Science.
     Hoàng Thị Hỏi (2015). Người Ngái ở thôn Cầu Vồng (Bắc Giang): Lịch sử tụ cư, đặc điểm văn hoá và biến đổi [Ngái People in Cau Vong Village (Bac Giang): History of Settlement, Cultural Characteristics, and Transformations] (BA thesis). Hanoi: Hanoi National University, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities.
     Hsu Fumei 徐富美 (2021). Yuenan "Ai zu" yu "Hua zu zhong de Ai ren"越南「艾族」與「華族中的艾人」 Ngái People between Ethnic Ngái and Ethnic Hoa in Vietnam. Global Hakka Studies 16: 165-196.
     Hsu Fumei 徐富美 (2022). Yuenan beibu Aihua (tsh ~ s) bianyi ji (tsh > s) yinbian guocheng de yuyin liangdu xianxiang 越南北部艾話〔tsh ~ s〕變異及〔tsh > s〕音變過程的語音兩讀現象. Chengda Journal of Chinese Studies 成大中文學報, 76, 175-204.
     Hsu Junwen 徐俊文 & Wang Jialin 王嘉琳 (2020). Faxian Taibeishi de Kejia Hou Sheng Ren 發現臺北市的客家後生人 Rediscovering Hakka Youth in Taipei City. Taipei City: Taipei City Hakka Affairs Commission.
     Huang Junhui 黃雋慧 (2017) Bu lou dong la: Yuenan chuan min de gu shi不漏洞拉：越南船民的故事 [Bắt đầu từ nay: The Stories of Vietnamese Boat People]. New Taipei City: Wei Cheng.
     Huang Zungdin 黃宗鼎 (2007). Yuenan Gongheguo zhi Huaren zhengce 越南共和國之華人政策（1955-1964）[Chinese Policy in the Republic of Vietnam (1955-1964)]. Quoshiquan Xueshu Jikan, 11, 189-249.
     Hutton, & Christopher (1998) From Pre-modern to Modern: Ethnic Classification by Language and the Case of Ngái/Nung of Vietnam. Language & Communication 18: 125-132.
     Ito Masako 伊藤正子 (2013). Politics of Ethnic Classification in Vietnam. Kyoto: Kyoto University Press.
     Ito Masako 伊藤正子 (2018). Betonamu no "Kajin" seisaku to hokubu nouson ni sumu Gai no gendai shi ベトナムの「華人」政策と北部農村に住むガイの現代史 “We Are Not the Hoa”: Vietnamese State Policies towards the ‘Chinese’ in Vietnam and the Modern History of the Ngái Living in Northern Rural Areas. Ajia Afurika chiiki kenkyūアジア・アフリカ地域研究Asian and African Area Studies 17 (2): 258-286.
     Jian Hongyi 簡宏逸 (2019), Zhi zuo Kejia ren: Shijiu shi ji chuanjiaoshi de Kejia minzu zhi 製作客家人：十九世紀傳教士的客家民族誌 Making Hakka: A Hakka Ethnography of Nineteenth-Century Missionaries. New Taipei: Cite E-Printing Co., Ltd.
     Jiang Weiwen 蔣為文 (2013). Yuenan de Mingxiang ren yu Huaren yimin de zuqun renting 越南的明鄉人與華人移民的族群認同 Ethnic Identity of Minh Huong People in Vietnam and Chinese Immigrants. Taiwan guoji yanjiu jikan 台灣國際研究季刊 Taiwan International Studies Quarterly 9(4): 87-114.
     Kawai Hironao 河合洋尚 (2013). Riben Kejia yanjiu de shijiao yu fangfa日本客家研究的视角与方法 [Japanese Hakka research viewing method]. Beijing: Shehui kexue wenxian.
     Li Rulong 李如龙 (1999), Yue xi Kejia fangyan diaocha baogao粤西客家方言调查报告 [Report on the Investigation of Hakka Dialect in Western Guangdong]. Guangzhou: Jinan University Press.
     Lian Mingzhi 练铭志, Ma Jianzhao 马建钊, & Zhu Hong 朱洪 (2004), Guangdong minzu guanxi shi 广东民族关系史 [History of Ethnic Relations in Guangdong]. Guangzhou: Guangdong renmin.
     Liao Wen廖文(2015). Kejia zuqun duoyuan yanjin lun 客家族群多元演进论 [On the Evolution of Hakka Groups]. Redai Dili热带地理Tropical 35(6): 901-909.
     Lin Linjuan 藺淋娟(2017). Yishi yu rensheng xiwang zhi chonggou - Guangxi Bobai Kejia Da Fan Jiao Yi Dao Shan Ke Yi yanjiu 仪式与人生希望之重构—广西博白客家大幡醮仪刀山科仪研究Reconstruction of Ritual and Hope in Life——Research on the Ritual Ritual of "Dafan" Ritual and "Knife Mountain" in Bobai Hakka, Guangxi (BA thesis). School of History, Culture and Tourism, Guangxi Normal University.
     Lin Shiouchen 林修澈 (2003). Kejia xue de chengli yu fazhan客家學的成立與發展 [The establishment and development of Hakka]. Taipei: National Chengchi University Ethnology Department.
     Liu Daochao 刘道超 (2008). Zuqun hudong zhong de wenhua ziju—yi Guangxi Kejia zuqun guanxi wei li族群互动中的文化自觉—以广西客家族群关系为例 [Cultural Consciousness in Ethnic Interaction: Taking Guangxi Hakka Group Relations as an Example]. Guangxi minzu yanjiu 广西民族研究 Guangxi Ethnic Studies 1: 62-68.
     Liu Daochao 刘道超 (2013). Gui Dongnan Kejia Da Fan Jiao Yi ji qi jiazhi 桂东南客家大幡醮仪及其价值 [The Hakka "Big Banner" Ceremony in Southeast Guangxi and Its Value]. Longyan xueyuan xuebao龙岩学院学报Journal of Longyan University 31 (6): 1-5.
     Liu Sanxiang 劉三祥 (2017). Taiwan Kejia Houlongxi Liuyu Fubo Jiangjun xinyang zhi yanjiu - yi Miaoli ji Gongguan Fubo Jiangjun miao wei li 臺灣客家後龍溪流域伏波將軍信仰之研究 - 以苗栗及公館伏波將軍廟為例 [Research on the Faith of General Fubo in the Houlong River Basin of Hakka in Taiwan - A Case Study of the Fubo General Temples in Miaoli and Gongguan] (Master`s thesis). Guoli Lianhe Daxue Kejia Yuyan yu Chuanbo Yanjiu Suo 國立聯合大學客家語言與傳播研究所Institute of Hakka Language and Communication Studies, National United University.
     Lola C. P. Chen 陳志萍 (2008), Jingjin wangluo yanjiu fangfa - wangluo minzu zhi 精進網路研究方法——網路民族誌Advances in Internet Research Methods––Netnography. Tushu zixunxue yanjiu圖書資訊學研究 2 :2 (June 2008)：1-15.
     Lu Shipeng呂士朋 (1958). Yuenan Huaqiao Shi Hua 越南華僑史話 [History of Overseas Chinese in Vietnam]. Taipei: Haiwai Wenku.
     Luo Xianglin 羅香林 (1989). Kejia yuanliu kao 客家源流考 [The origin of Hakka]. Beijing: Zhungguo Hoaqiao.
     Luo Xianglin 羅香林 (1992). Kejia yanjiu daolun 客家研究導論[Introduction to Hakka Studies]. Taipei: Nantian.
     Lương Thị Trang (2017). Di cư lao động xuyên biên giới của người Ngái ở Lục Ngạn, Bắc Giang [Cross-border Labor Migration of the Ngái Ethnic Minority in Lục Ngạn, Bắc Giang] (BA thesis). Hanoi: Hanoi National University, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities.
     Mekong ASEAN News. (2023, April 21). Tổng vốn đầu tư Samsung Thái Nguyên tăng lên 7,5 tỷ USD sau 10 năm [Total investment capital of Samsung Thai Nguyen increased to 7.5 billion USD after 10 years]. Retrieved from https://mekongasean.vn/tong-von-dau-tu-samsung-thai-nguyen-tang-len-75-ty-usd-sau-10-nam-post20702.html (2023, April 21)
     Michael Wang 王明珂 (1997). Huaxia bianyuan華夏邊緣 [The Boundary of Huaxia]. Taipei: Yunchen Culture.
     Michael Wang 王明珂 (2003). Qiang zai Hanzang zhi jian羌在漢藏之間 [The Ch’iang People Between the Han and Tibetan]. Taipei: Linking.
     Nam Hoàng, (2016, Nov.12). Bí ẩn về tộc người “nhỏ bé” nhất Việt Nam [The mystery of the "smallest" ethnic group in Vietnam]. SOHA. soha.vn/bi-an-ve-toc-nguoi-nho-be-nhat-viet-nam-2016111210120227.htm (2019.April4)
     Ngô Thị Xuân (2021). Quan Niệm về Vũ Trụ và Nhân Sinh Trong Sáng Tác Dân Gian của Dân Tộc Ngái [Concepts of the Universe and Humanity in Folk Compositions of the Ngai Nation] (BA thesis). Thái Nguyên: Thái Nguyên University of Science.
     Ngô Trần Ái (2012). Đại Gia Đình Các Dân Tộc Việt Nam [The Great Family of Vietnamese Ethnics]. Hà Nội: Nhà xuất bản Giáo dục Việt Nam.
     Nguyễn Đức Hạnh (2017). Ngôn Ngữ Các Dân Tộc ở Việt Nam [Languages of Ethnic Groups in Vietnam]. Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất Bản Đại Học Thái Nguyên Thái Nguyên University Press.
     Nguyễn Linh Hương (2015). Hôn Nhân và Gia Đình của Người Ngái ở Thôn Dồng Tâm, Xã Đồng Liên, Huyện Phú Bình, Tỉnh Thái Nguyên [Marriage and Family of Ngai People in Dong Tam Village, Dong Lien Commune, Phu Binh District, Thai Nguyen Province] (Bachelor thesis). Hanoi: National University Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities.
     Nguyễn Ngọc Thư阮玉詩 (2014). Yuenana bian he shi baolong qu kejia ren de shenfen yu zhenghe: cong san zushi chongbai dao tianhou chongbai越南邊和市寶龍區客家人的身份與整合：從三祖師崇拜到天后崇拜 Cultural Identities and Integration of the Hakkas in Buu Long (Bien Hoa, Vietnam) through the Transformation of the Clan Worship of Professional Masters to Tian Hou. Renwen Yianjio Qikan人文研究期刊 Journal of Humanities Research 12: 33-35.
     Nguyễn Thị Kim Thảo (2013). Ngữ Âm Sán Dìu ở Việt Nam Phonetics of Sán Dìu Language in Vietnam [Phonetics of San Diu in Vietnam Phonetics of San Diu Language in Vietnam], (Doctoral dissertation). University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Hanoi.
     Nguyễn Trúc Bình (1972) Về tộc danh Đản, Sín trong nhóm người Hoa ở vùng ven biển Quảng Ninh [About the ethnic names Đản, Sín among the Chinese group in the coastal area of Quang Ninh], Thông Báo Dân Tộc Học. 1 (1972): 9–97.
     Nguyễn Văn Chính (2018). ‘Memories, Migration, and the Ambiguity of Ethnic Identity: The Cases of Ngái, Nùng and Khách in Vietnam’. Ajia Afurika chiiki kenkyūアジア・アフリカ地域研究Asian and African Area Studies 17(2): 207-226.
     Nguyễn Văn Chính (2021). ‘Ethnic Chinese in the Sino-Vietnamese Borderlands: Debates over Loyalty and Identity’. Journal of Vietnamese Studies 16 (4): 1-35.
     Nguyễn Xuân Dũng (2015). Các Dân Tộc Ít Người ở Việt Nam (Các Tỉnh Phía Bắc) [Ethnic Minorities in Vietnam (Northern Provinces)]. Hà Nội: Nhà Xuất Bản Khoa Học Xã Hội Social Science Publish.
     Pan Wenchung 潘文忠 (2020). Yongxu fazhan Mubiao (SDGs) jiaoyu shouce- Taiwan chinan永續發展目標(SDGs)教育手冊-臺灣指南 [Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Education Manual - Taiwan Guide]. Taipei: Jiaoyu Bu.
     Phạm Thị Phương Thái (2014). Nghi Lễ Tang Ma của Người Sán Dìu từ Góc Nhìn Văn Hoá [Funeral Rituals of the San Diu from a Cultural Perspective]. Thái Nguyên: nhà xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên Thái Nguyên University Publish.
     Phạm Trần Long (2016). Ethnic Minorities in Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh City: Nhà Xuất Bản Thế Giới.
     Phạm Vân Anh (2014, July15). Tìm lại cội nguồn người Ngái [Finding the origin of the Ngai people]. Biên Phòng. www.bienphong.com.vn/tim-lai-coi-nguon-nguoi-Ngái/(2019.April4)
     Phan An (2018). Yuenan nanbu Huaren de lishi wenhua 越南南部華人的歷史文化 [The History and Culture of the Chinese in Southern Vietnam]. Taiwan Dongnanya Xuekan台灣東南亞學刊 Taiwan Journal of Southeast Asia Studies, 13(2), p.p.5-24.
     Phan Hữu Dật (2018). Dân Tộc Học và Nhân Học ở Việt Nam trong Xu Thế Toàn Cầu Hóa [Ethnology and Anthropology in Vietnam in the Trend of Globalization]. Hà Nội: Nhà Xuất Bản Đại Học Quốc Gia Hà Nội Hanoi National University Publish.
     Qiao Wen乔文 (1992). Nungcu Huaren侬族华人 [The Hoa Nung]. 八桂侨史History of Overseas Chinese Journal of Bagui 1: 50-51.
     Qin Xiao Yi 秦孝儀 (1989). Guofu quanji國父全集[The Complete Collection of the Founding Father]. Taipei: Jindai Zhongguo.
     Qing Geng清風(1996). Nungcu kao「儂族」考 [Study of "Nung"]. Bagui Qiaoshi 3: 1-6.
     Richard White (1991). The Middle Ground: Indians, Empires, and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 1650-1815. London: Cambridge Univ Pr.
     Satohiro Serizawa 芹澤知広 (2009). Betonamu hōchimin-shi no nun-zoku no kajinベトナム・ホーチミン市のヌン族の華人 Nung Chinese in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Fīrudopurasu: Sekai o kan`nō suru zasshiフィールドプラス：世界を感応する雑誌 FIELD PLUS 2:6.
     Satohiro Serizawa 芹澤知広 (2018). Nunzoku no Kajin no matsuru kami - Chugoku Betonamu Osutoraria no jitchi chosa karaヌン族の華人の祀る神——中国・ベトナム・オーストラリアの実地調査からThe Gods Worshiped by the Hoa Nung: An Exploration in China, Vietnam, and Australia. Ajia Afurika chiiki kenkyūアジア・アフリカ地域研究Asian and African Area Studies 17 (2): 227-257.
     Song Jinxiu 宋錦秀 (2011). Simiao yao qian liao yu wenhua yu jibing de jiangou寺廟藥籤療癒文化與「疾病」的建構 Temple Medication Labels: Healing Culture and the Construction of "Illness". Taiwan Wenxian, 62(1), 55-96.
     Tổng Cục Thống Kê (1962). Dân số Miền Bắc Việt Nam (Số liệu điều tra dân số ngày 1-3-1960) [Population in the North of Vietnam (Census data dated March 1, 1960)], Tổng Cục Thống Kê, Hà Nội.
     Tổng Cục Thống Kê (2010). Kết quả toàn bộ Tổng điều tra Dân số và Nhà ở Việt Nam năm 2009 [Results of the entire Vietnam Population and Housing Census 2009], Tổng Cục Thống Kê, Hà Nội.
     Tổng Cục Thống Kê (2020). Kết quả toàn bộ Tổng điều tra Dân số và Nhà ở Việt Nam năm 2019 [Results of the entire Vietnam Population and Housing Census in 2019], Tổng Cục Thống Kê, Hà Nội.
     Tổng cục Thống kê. (1979, March 2). Danh mục các thành phần dân tộc Việt Nam. Quyết định số 121-TCTK/PPCĐ. [List of Vietnamese ethnic groups] http://tongdieutradanso.vn/danh-muc-cac-dan-toc-viet-nam.html (2019. Oct. 1)
     Trần Quang Phúc (2013). Việt Nam Sắc Màu Văn Hóa 54 Dân Tộc Anh Em [Vietnam Color Culture 54 Ethnic Minorities]. Đồng Nai: Nhà Xuất Bản Đồng Nai.
     UBND Tỉnh Bắc Giang (2015/04/10). Vị trí địa lý [Geographical location]. Retrieved from https://bacgiang.gov.vn/chi-tiet-tong-quan-ve-bac-giang/vi-tri-ia-ly (2022/10/11)
     UBND Tỉnh Thái Nguyên (2021/07/23). Vị trí địa lý [Geographical location]. Retrieved from http://thainguyendautu.vn/vi-tri-dia-ly (2022/10/11)
     Viện Dân Tộc Học (1978). Các Dân Tộc Ít Người ở Việt Nam (Các Tỉnh Phía Bắc) [Ethnic Minorities in Vietnam (Northern Provinces)]. Hà Nội: Khoa Học Xã Hội.
     Vu Annie (2014). Shijiu shiji shang ban ye yuenan beibu de huagong yu huashang qingxing十九世紀上半葉越南北部的華工與華商情形 [Chinese workers and merchants in northern Vietnam in the first half of the 19th century]. Jioye yu Laodong Guangxi, 4(2), 117-125.
     Vương Xuân TÌnh (2018). Các Dân Tộc ở Việt Nam Tập 4 Quyền 2 Nhóm Ngôn Ngữ Hán và Mã Lai - Đa Đảo [The Ethnic Groups in Vietnam Volume 4 Quyen 2 Chinese and Malay Language Groups - Polynesia]. Hà Nội: Viện Hàn Lâm Khoa Học Xã Hội Việt Nam Viện Dân Tộc Học.
     Wang Hongren王宏仁 (2019). Bushi chuan luse zhifu de dou shi junren不是穿綠色制服的都是軍人：田野想像的落差 [Not everyone who wears a green uniform is a soldier: the imagined gap in fieldwork]. Tianye de jiyi: ziwo, yianjio yu zhishi jiangou田野的技藝：自我、研究與知識建構 [Field Skills: Self, Research, and Knowledge Construction]. New Taipei City: Zuoan Chubanshe.
     Wang Qiaoming 王巧明 (2013). Zhongyue bianjing hanyu fangyan yanjiu shuping中越邊境漢語方言研究述評 [A Review of Chinese Dialect Studies on the Sino-Vietnamese Border]. Keji xinxi科技信息18: 163.
     Wang Shitu 王仕圖& Wu Huimin吳慧敏 (2005). Shendu fangtan yu anli yanlian深度訪談與案例演練 In-depth interviews and case drills. Zhixin yianjio yu ziliao fenxi質性研究方法與資料分析[Qualitative Research Methods and Data Analysis] (Edited by Qi Li and Lin Benxuan). Jiayi: Institute of Sociology, University of South China, pp.97-116.
     Wing-hoi Chan (2006). Ethnic Labels in a Mountainous Region: The Case of She ‘Bandits’. Empire at the Margins: Culture, Ethnicity, and Frontier in Early Modern China. California: The Regents of the University of California.
     Wu Jingyi 吳靜宜 (2009). Yuenan Huaren qianxi shi yu Kejia hua de shiyung越南華人遷移史與客家話的使用—以胡志明市為例History of Chinese Migration in Vietnam and the Use of Hakka Dialects: Taking Ho Chi Minh City as an Example (Master Thesis). Zhungyan Daxue Kejia Xueyuan.
     Wu Shiquan 吴仕铨 (2020, June 17). Yuenan Huaqiao lianhe zunghei chuangban de Xinyue jiti nungchang越南华侨联合总会创办的《新越华集体农场》 [The New Vietnam-China Collective Farm founded by the Vietnam Overseas Chinese Federation]. Zhencang Network. https://reurl.cc/eX10Z7 (2023/02/12)
     Wu Yunxia 吳云霞 & Kawai Hironao 河合洋尚 (2018). Yuenan Ai ren de tianye kaocha fenxi: Haining ke de kuajing liudong yu zuqun yishi. 越南艾人的田野考察分析：海寧客的跨境流動與族群意識 Analysis of Fieldwork of Ai People in Vietnam: Hải Ninh`s Cross-border Flow and Ethnic Awareness. Bagui Qiaokan 4 (December): 61-71.
     Xiang Dayou 向大有 (1989). Shisi Guangxi qianxi Yuenan de shaoshu minzu Huaren试析广西迁徙越南的少数民族华人 An analysis of ethnic Chinese who migrated to Vietnam from Guangxi, Bagui Qiaokan 1.
     Xiao Xinhuang 蕭新煌 (2004). Dongnanya de Kejia hueguan: lishi yu gungnen de tangtao東南亞的客家會館：歷史與功能的探討 Hakka Guildhalls in Southeast Asia: An Exploration of History and Function. Yatai Yanjiu Luntan 亞太研究論壇Asia Pacific Research Forum 28: 185-219.
     Xu Jiachen徐佳晨 (2013). Sanzaju shaoshu minzu zuqun renting de bianqian散杂居少数民族族群认同的变迁 Changes of Ethnic Identity in Scattered Mixed Area (BA thiese). Zhungnan Mincu Daxue.
     Xu Jieshun 徐杰順 (1999). Xueqiu-Han minzu de renlexue fenxi 雪球—汉民族的人类学分析 [Snowball – An Anthropological Analysis of the Han Ethnic Group]. Shanghai: Shanghai Renmin.
     Xu Shanfu 徐善福, & Zhu Jieqin 朱杰勤 (2016). Yuenan Huaqiao shi越南华侨史History of Overseas Chinese in Vietnam. Guangzhou: Guangdong Gaodeng Jiaoyu.
     Xu Shengyi 徐勝一, Wei Yanzao 韋煙灶, & Chen Youzhi 陳有志 (2016). Kejia zupu zhung langming shengxing de niandai yu diyu客家族譜中郎名盛行的年代與地域 The Era and Region of Prevalent Lang Surnames in Hakka Genealogy. Qixue yu renwen: Lishi qixue, Zheng He hanghai, Kejia wenhua 氣候與人文 : 歴史氣候、鄭和航海、客家文化Climate and Humanities: Historical Climatology, Zheng-He Navigation, and Hakka Studies, no. 46, pp. 209-224.
     Xu Weide 許維德(2021). Kejia yuanliu xiangguan wenxian de fenlei yu huigu: yi ge linian xin yu lianxu ti de gainian de chang shi「客家源流」相關文獻的分類與回顧：一個「理念型」與「連續體」概念的嘗試 [Classification and Review of Literature Related to "Hakka Origins": An Attempt at the Concepts of "Idea Type" and "Continuum"]. Quanqiu Kejia yanjiu全球客家研究Global Hakka Studies 16: 9-78.
     Xu Wentang許文堂 (2010). Yuenan minjian xingyang Baima dawang shenhua越南民間信仰——白馬大王神話 A Vietnamese Folk Religion: The Worship of Bạch Mã (White Horse). Nanfang Huayi Yanjiu 南方華裔研究 [Journal of Southern Chinese Studies], 4, 163-175.
     Xu Wentang 許文堂 (2016). Erci shijiedazhan yilai Beiyue Huaren shehui zhi bianmau 二次世界大戰以來北越華人社會之變貌 [Post-WWII Demographic Changes of Chinese in North Vietnam]. Asia-Pacific Research Forum 62: 5-32.
     Xu Yuxian 徐雨娴 (2016). Guangxi Beihai Qiaogangzhen Jipo Dao Yue fangyan cihui yanjiu广西北海侨港镇吉婆岛粤方言词汇研究 A Study of Cantonese Dialect Vocabulary in Jipu Island, Qiaogang Town, Beihai, Guangxi (Master`s thesis), Jinan University.
     Yang Bin 楊斌 (2021). Liu dong de jiang yu: Quan qiu shi ye xia de Yunnan yu Zhongguo 流動的疆域: 全球視野下的雲南與中國Between Winds and Clouds: The Making of Yunnan. New Taipei: Baqi Chubanshe.
     Yuanjiaojie bianji bu原教界編輯部 (2014). Yuenan de minzu xiankuang 越南的民族現況 Ethnic Situation in Vietnam. Yuanjiaojie 原教界 Aboriginal Education World 6 (57): 82-87.
     Zhang Qiuping张秋萍(2018). Liu dong yu hu dong shi yu xia Guangxi Kejia yanjiu zuo luo ji wei guan xiang du tan wei - yi Huan bei bu wan Kejia ren (wu) yanjiu wei zhong xin de fenxi 流动与互动视阈下广西客家研究坐落及微观向度探微—以环北部湾客家人（物）研究为中心的分析 The location and micro-dimension of Hakka studies in Guangxi from the perspective of flow and interaction: An analysis centred on Hakka studies around the Beibu Gulf. 钦州学院学报 Journal of Qinzhou University 33 (12): 21-27.
     Zhang Wenhe張文和(1975). Yuenan Huaqiao shihua越南華僑史話History of Overseas Chinese in Vietnam. Taipei: Liming Wenhua Chubanshe.
     Zhongguo Shehui Kexueyuan Yuyan Yanjiusuo, Zhongguo Shehui Kexueyuan Minzu Xue yu Renlei Xue Yanjiusuo中国社会科学院语言研究所、中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所 (Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Institute of Linguistics; Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology) (2012). Zhongguo yuyan dituji中国语言地图集[China Language Atlas]. Beijing: Shangwu.		-